CN116357332A

CN116357332A - Multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and construction method

Info

Publication number: CN116357332A
Application number: CN202310319702.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜坤; 刘明晖; 王少锋; 毕瑞阳; 谢俊杰
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2023-03-29
Filing date: 2023-03-29
Publication date: 2023-06-30

Abstract

Multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and construction method, the equipment comprises: the top bearing table consists of a bearing disc A and three bearing plates A, and a reverse drilling joint threaded hole is formed in the axis of the bearing disc A; the upper end surfaces of the bearing plates A are all provided with drill bits through supporting bases; the middle bearing table is connected below the top bearing table through a top lifting hydraulic cylinder and consists of a bearing plate B and three bearing plates B, and the upper end surfaces of the bearing plates B are all provided with drill bits through supporting bases; the bottom bearing table is connected below the middle bearing table through a middle lifting hydraulic cylinder, and a forward drilling joint threaded hole is formed in the axis of the lower part of the bottom bearing table; 6 bottom layer supporting bases are uniformly assembled on the bottom layer bearing table in the circumferential direction, and drill bits are assembled on the bottom layer supporting bases. The method comprises the following steps: and adopting a forward or reverse drilling mode according to the drilling object, and controlling the distance between two adjacent bearing tables according to the actual working condition. The equipment and the method can meet the drilling requirements of various rock formations with different hardness.

Description

Multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and construction method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine stratum drilling, and particularly relates to multilayer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and a construction method.

Background

In the process of continuously developing deeper underground engineering, the requirements on mechanical rock breaking are increasing. At present, in the construction process of stratum drilling, stratum with different strength is frequently encountered, drilling equipment with different models is often matched for drilling of stratum with different strength, and in addition, in the construction process, different kinds of drilling equipment are also required to be equipped for forward drilling and reverse drilling of stratum. Therefore, in the actual construction process, the types of drilling equipment and the types of drill bits often need to be frequently replaced, which requires a lot of time to be consumed, and thus the efficiency of drilling construction is seriously affected. Meanwhile, the drilling equipment and the replacing process of the drill bit can bring larger working strength for constructors.

Nowadays, underground engineering projects are increasingly increased, the requirements for mechanical rock breaking are increasingly urgent, the strength distribution of underground rock formations is uneven, and drilling equipment is also different, so that a convenient multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling device applicable to different rock formation strengths is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the multilayer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling equipment and the construction method, which have the advantages of multiple functions, strong mining capability, good flexibility and wide applicability, can adapt to the drilling requirements of rock formations with different hardness, can greatly improve the construction efficiency of drilling work, can simultaneously meet the requirements of mine mining and rock formation drilling, and can also meet the requirement of expanding the size of a vertical well in underground engineering; the method has the advantages of strong practicality, good flexibility, high automation degree, strong rock breaking effect, high drilling efficiency and good economic benefit, can ensure the smooth propulsion of the whole drilling work, can obviously improve the construction efficiency, can greatly reduce the labor load of operators, and has wide application prospect.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a multilayer liftable conical forward and backward drilling device, which comprises a top layer bearing table, a middle layer bearing table, a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder, a bottom layer bearing table and a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder;

the top layer bearing table consists of a bearing plate A positioned in a central area and three bearing plates A uniformly and fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing plate A in the circumferential direction, a reverse drilling joint threaded hole is formed in the axis of the upper part of the bearing plate A, a mounting hole A is formed in the axis of the lower part of the bearing plate A, and the upper end of the mounting hole A is not communicated with the lower end of the drilling joint threaded hole; the upper end surfaces of the three bearing plates A are fixedly connected with supporting bases, and distances from the three supporting bases to the circle centers of the screw holes of the reverse drilling joint are sequentially reduced; each supporting base extends along the radial direction, a drill bit accommodating groove extending along the longitudinal direction is formed in each supporting base, a rotatable drill bit is assembled in each drill bit accommodating groove, and the head end of the drill bit is smaller than the tail end of the drill bit in size and is arranged with the head end facing outwards and the tail end facing inwards;

the middle bearing table consists of a bearing plate B positioned in a central area and three bearing plates B uniformly and fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing plate B in the circumferential direction; the middle bearing table is coaxially arranged below the top bearing table, and the three bearing plates B and the three bearing plates A are distributed in a staggered way; the size of the bearing disc B is larger than that of the top bearing table, a top bearing table retraction groove is formed in the upper part of the bearing disc B at a position corresponding to the top bearing table, a mounting hole B is formed in the axis of the upper part of the bearing disc B, a mounting hole C is formed in the axis of the lower part of the bearing disc B, and the upper end of the mounting hole C is not communicated with the lower end of the mounting hole B; the upper end surfaces of the three bearing plates B are fixedly connected with the supporting bases at the same positions away from the mounting holes B, the drill bit is arranged in each supporting base, and the head end of the drill bit is outwards and the tail end of the drill bit is inwards;

The cylinder barrel of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is matched with the depth of the mounting hole B in terms of height and is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole B, and the top end of a piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole A at the lower part of the top layer bearing table;

the bottom layer bearing table is disc-shaped, the size of the bottom layer bearing table is larger than that of the middle layer bearing table, the bottom layer bearing table is coaxially arranged below the middle layer bearing table, a middle layer bearing table retraction groove is formed in the upper portion of the bottom layer bearing table at a position corresponding to the middle layer bearing table, a mounting hole D is formed in the shaft center of the upper portion of the bottom layer bearing table, a forward drilling joint threaded hole is formed in the shaft center of the lower portion of the bottom layer bearing table, and the upper end of the forward drilling joint threaded hole is not communicated with the lower end of the mounting hole D; 6 bottom layer supporting bases are uniformly assembled on the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing table in the circumferential direction in the area outside the middle layer bearing table retraction groove; the bottom layer supporting base is a U-shaped frame which is obliquely arranged and consists of a V-shaped base body positioned at the bottom, an outer supporting rod positioned at the outer side and an inner supporting rod positioned at the inner side, one side arm of the V-shaped base body positioned at the outer side is obliquely and fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom layer bearing table, the outer supporting rod and the inner supporting rod are arranged in parallel, and the lower ends of the outer supporting rod and the inner supporting rod are respectively and fixedly connected with the end parts of the two side arms of the V-shaped base body; the drill bit is rotatably arranged at the upper end inside each bottom layer supporting base, and the drill bit assembling directions on two adjacent bottom layer supporting bases are opposite;

The height of the cylinder barrel of the middle-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder is matched with the depth of the mounting hole D, the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole D, and the top end of the piston rod of the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole C at the lower part of the middle-layer bearing table.

Further, the drill bit consists of a drill bit rotating shaft, a drill bit main body, a drill bit fixing base and a drill bit fixing joint; the size of the head end of the drill bit main body is smaller than that of the tail end of the drill bit main body, the whole size of the drill bit main body is smoothly transited from the head end to the tail end, a plurality of layers of cutting tooth rings are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit main body from the head end to the tail end, a plurality of cutting teeth are uniformly arranged on each layer of cutting tooth ring, chip grooves are formed between every two adjacent cutting tooth rings, an axial through hole is formed in the center of the drill bit main body, and the drill bit main body is rotatably sleeved in the middle of a drill bit rotating shaft through the axial through hole; the two drill bit fixing bases are respectively positioned at two sides of the drill bit main body, fixedly sleeved outside the drill bit rotating shaft and used for preventing the drill bit main body from axially displacing on the drill bit rotating shaft; the two drill bit fixing joints are respectively arranged at two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft, and fixing bolts used for being connected with the supporting seat are arranged on the drill bit fixing joints. The drill bit fixing joints with the fixing bolts are respectively arranged at the two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft, so that the drill bit is of a detachable structure, and when one drill bit is seriously worn, the new drill bit can be directly replaced, so that the whole drilling equipment is not required to be replaced, the drilling cost is reduced, the service life of the drilling equipment is prolonged, and the economic benefit of drilling construction is improved. Chip grooves are formed between two adjacent pick rings, so that scraps generated in the drilling process can be conveniently discharged out in time.

The external connecting rod is connected into the forward drilling threaded hole through the threaded connection section at one end of the external connecting rod, and the threaded connection section at the other end of the external connecting rod is used for connecting power source equipment;

the front drilling mechanism comprises a front drill bit supporting base, a front drill bit and a front drill bit installation rod, wherein a drill bit installation groove is formed in the upper end of the front drill bit supporting base, the front drill bit is identical to the drill bit in structure, the front drill bit is assembled in the drill bit installation groove through a plurality of fixing bolts, the upper end of the front drill bit installation rod is fixedly connected with the center of the lower end face of the front drill bit supporting base, an external thread structure is arranged on the outer side of the lower portion of the front drill bit installation rod, and the front drill bit installation rod is connected in a reverse drilling threaded hole through threaded fit. The external rod is connected in the forward drilling threaded hole, so that the connection between the power source equipment and the drilling equipment can be conveniently established, and the forward drilling operation can be conveniently carried out. Through the setting of leading drilling mechanism, can effectively accelerate the efficiency that this drilling equipment initially broken rock was bored.

Further, still include the external pole, the external pole comprises the clamp stabilization section that is located the middle part and two threaded connection sections that are located clamp stabilization section both ends, clamp stabilization section has the annular spacing recess that is sunken to the inboard for protect threaded connection section when power supply equipment applys pulling force, the external pole is connected in reverse drilling screw hole through the threaded connection section of its one end, and the threaded connection section of its other end is used for connecting power supply equipment. The external connecting rod is connected into the reverse drilling threaded hole, so that the connection between the power source equipment and the drilling equipment can be conveniently established, and the reverse drilling operation can be conveniently performed.

Further, in order to effectively improve the effect of breaking rock and drilling efficiency, the number of pick rings is 6, and is equipped with 2 rows of picks along the axial on two pick rings of head and tail, is equipped with 1 row of picks on four pick rings in the middle, and interval between two adjacent picks of same row is 0.5 ~ 1.5cm, and the pick between two adjacent rows inserts the sky and arranges in the middle.

Further, in order to effectively crush rock strata and mineral strata with relatively hard strength, the cutting pick is made of alloy materials, the tail end section of the cutting pick is in two horseshoe shapes which are spliced relatively, and the head end of the cutting pick is in a straight shape which is gradually sharpened towards the central line.

In the invention, the whole equipment is of a three-layer structure formed by the top bearing table, the middle bearing table and the bottom bearing table, the top bearing table and the middle bearing table are connected through the top lifting hydraulic cylinder, and the middle bearing table and the bottom bearing table are connected through the middle lifting hydraulic cylinder, so that the distance between two adjacent bearing tables can be adjusted only by controlling the top lifting hydraulic cylinder and the middle lifting hydraulic cylinder, the adaptive adjustment of the whole height of the drilling equipment can be automatically realized, the drilling requirements of rock strata with different intensities can be finally met, and the universality of the equipment is remarkably improved. The structure can adapt the equipment to the drilling and rock breaking requirements of rock layers with different strengths, is favorable for guaranteeing the high efficiency of drilling and rock breaking in the operation process of the rock layers with different strengths, and meanwhile, the whole height adjustment process does not need manual operation of operators, so that the labor load and the labor cost of the operators are greatly reduced. The middle bearing table is provided with a top bearing table retraction groove, the bottom bearing table is provided with a middle bearing table retraction groove, the top bearing table is conveniently retracted into the top bearing table retraction groove through controlling the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the middle bearing table retraction groove is conveniently retracted into the middle bearing table retraction groove, the overall height of the equipment is conveniently minimized, and when the overall height is minimized, 3 drill bits on the top bearing table, 3 drill bits on the middle bearing table and 6 drill bits on the bottom bearing table can grind rock strata to be operated in the same plane, so that the rock breaking efficiency can be effectively improved. The reverse drilling threaded hole is formed in the axis of the top bearing table, so that an external connecting rod can be conveniently connected with the reverse drilling threaded hole, and further reverse drilling operation can be conveniently realized; through being provided with forward drilling screw hole at the axle center of bottom plummer, can be convenient in wherein connect the extension rod, and then can be convenient realization forward drilling operation. The three bearing plates A are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the top bearing table, the drill bits mounted on the three bearing plates A are respectively arranged with the head end outwards and the tail end inwards, and meanwhile, the distances from the drill bits on the three bearing plates A to the reverse drilling threaded holes are sequentially reduced, so that the three drill bits can be ensured to uniformly act on the central drilling area in the initial drilling process, and further, the drill holes can be uniformly and forwards pushed in the operation process. The three bearing plates B are distributed on the middle bearing table, and the three drill bits installed on the three bearing plates B are arranged in a staggered manner, so that external force can be uniformly applied to all circumferential positions in the drilling process, the external force can be respectively acted on the center and the first peripheral region of the drilled hole, and the drilling efficiency is effectively ensured. 6 support bases are uniformly arranged on the bottom bearing table in the circumferential direction, the support bases are U-shaped frames which are obliquely arranged, and meanwhile, two adjacent drill bits are oppositely arranged, so that the power of rotary planing can be improved, and the drilling rock breaking effect is further improved.

The mining equipment has various functions, the distance between two adjacent layers of bearing tables can be conveniently adjusted, the adjustment process can be realized by only controlling the action of the hydraulic cylinder, and the adjustment process is very convenient. The equipment can meet drilling requirements of rock layers with different strength, has strong drilling capability, can meet the drilling requirements of rock layers with different hardness, is flexible to use, can realize forward and reverse bidirectional drilling operation, can change the overall height according to different requirements, has wide applicability, can meet the requirements of mine mining and roadway drilling simultaneously, can also meet the expansion of the size of a vertical well in underground engineering, and can greatly improve the construction efficiency of drilling work.

The invention also provides a multilayer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling construction method, which comprises multilayer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling equipment, and further comprises the following steps:

when the drilled objects are tunnels and tunnels, adopting a forward drilling mode, and executing the first step; when the drilling is implemented by aiming at expanding the aperture and the drilling object has two free surfaces, adopting a reverse drilling mode to execute the second step;

step one: the forward drilling method is as follows;

S11: the method comprises the steps of connecting a threaded connecting section at one end of an external connecting rod into a forward drilling threaded hole through threaded fit, and connecting the threaded connecting section at the other end of the external connecting rod and a clamping stabilizing section with a transmission shaft of power source equipment, wherein the threaded connecting section is used for guaranteeing stable and reliable connection with a rotating shaft of the power source equipment, and the clamping stabilizing section is used for protecting the threaded connecting section when the power source equipment applies pulling force;

simultaneously, the lower part of a front drill bit installation rod in the front drilling mechanism is installed in a reverse drilling threaded hole through threaded fit;

s12: adjusting the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object;

when the drilling object is a softer stratum, adjusting to a high-level drilling state; firstly, controlling a piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upwards to a first set stroke through a hydraulic station, controlling a piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upwards to a second set stroke so as to lift a top layer bearing table upwards to a height of the first set stroke relative to a middle layer bearing table, lifting the middle layer bearing table upwards to a height of the second set stroke relative to a bottom layer bearing table, and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a high-level drilling state;

when the drilling object is a rock stratum with general strength, the drilling object is adjusted to be in a middle-level drilling state: firstly, controlling a piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upwards to a set stroke III through a hydraulic station, wherein the set stroke III is smaller than the set stroke I, controlling the piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend upwards to a set stroke IV, and controlling the set stroke IV to be smaller than the set stroke II so as to lift a top layer bearing table upwards to the height of the set stroke III relative to a middle layer bearing table, and lifting the middle layer bearing table upwards to the height of the set stroke IV relative to a bottom layer bearing table, so that drilling equipment is adjusted to be in a middle-level drilling state;

When the drilling object is a stronger stratum, the drilling object is adjusted to be in a small-level drilling state; firstly, controlling the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract completely through the hydraulic station, controlling the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract completely so as to drive the top layer bearing table to retract into the top layer bearing table retraction groove, driving the middle layer bearing table to retract into the middle layer bearing table retraction groove, and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a small-level drilling state;

s13: in the drilling process, firstly, initial rock breaking is carried out by a front drill bit on a front drilling mechanism and 3 drill bits on a top bearing table in the center of a drilling area, a round hole with the same diameter as the top bearing table is drilled, then, when the drill bit on the middle bearing table is drilled to contact a rock stratum, first-stage reaming drilling operation is carried out by the 3 drill bits on the middle bearing table at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area, then, when the drill bit on the bottom bearing table is drilled to contact the rock stratum, second-stage reaming operation is carried out by the 6 drill bits on the bottom bearing table at the periphery of the first-stage reaming drilling operation area, and finally, the drilling operation of the required hole size is completed;

Step two: the reverse drilling method is as follows;

s21: firstly, replacing an external rod with the length matched with the drilling thickness, and enabling a threaded connection section at one end of the external rod to be connected into a threaded hole of a reverse drilling joint through threaded fit; the external connecting rod passes through the guide hole to be expanded and then is connected with the transmission shaft of the power source equipment, in the process, the power source equipment and the drilling equipment are distributed at two ends of a drilling object, and the power source equipment and the drilling equipment are connected through the external connecting rod passing through the guide hole;

s22: adjusting the height of the drilling equipment according to the strength of the drilling object;

s23: and (3) starting drilling operation, namely applying forward pulling force to the drilling equipment through power source equipment to drive the whole drilling equipment to perform a rotary planing operation, wherein in the drilling process, 3 drill bits on a top bearing table initially break rock at the center of a drilling area, a round hole with the same diameter as the top bearing table is drilled, then when the drill bit on the middle bearing table drills to the rock stratum, the 3 drill bits on the middle bearing table perform first-stage reaming drilling operation at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area, and then when the drill bit on the bottom bearing table drills to the rock stratum, the 6 drill bits on the bottom bearing table perform second-stage reaming drilling operation at the periphery of the first-stage reaming operation area, and finally the drilling operation with the required hole size is completed.

Further, in order to ensure good drilling efficiency for the weaker rock stratum, the first stroke is set to 15cm, the second stroke is set to 12cm, and in order to ensure good drilling efficiency for the general rock stratum, the third stroke is set to 10cm, and the fourth stroke is set to 7cm.

The invention adopts a multi-mode multi-level rock breaking operation, adopts a forward drilling mode when the drilled object is a roadway and a tunnel, and adopts a reverse drilling mode when the drilling object has two free surfaces for implementing drilling aiming at expanding the aperture. For the working condition requiring forward drilling operation, firstly, rock breaking is started for the first time by a front drill bit, then drilling is started by 3 drill bits on a top layer bearing table, and then the circular holes are gradually enlarged by 3 drill bits distributed on a middle layer bearing table and 6 drill bits on a bottom layer bearing table successively so as to complete drilling operation of the required hole size; for the working condition requiring the reverse drilling operation, firstly, drilling is started by 3 drill bits on the top layer bearing table, the circular holes are gradually enlarged by 3 drill bits on the middle layer bearing table and 6 drill bits on the bottom layer bearing table, and finally, the drilling operation of the holes with the required size is realized. For the weak rock stratum of intensity, adjust this drilling equipment into the big level state of boring, can effectively accelerate the broken rock speed to the weak rock stratum, for the general rock stratum of intensity, adjust this drilling equipment into the middle level state of boring, can effectively accelerate the broken rock speed to the general rock stratum, and for the higher rock stratum of intensity, adjust this drilling equipment into the little level state of boring, 3 drill bits on the top plummer, 3 drill bits on the middle part plummer and 6 drill bits on the bottom plummer treat the operation rock stratum in the coplanar, thereby can improve the broken rock efficiency to the strong rock stratum effectively.

The construction process has the advantages of strong practicality, high rock breaking efficiency, good flexibility, high automation degree and good economic benefit, can effectively reduce the construction strength, can obviously improve the drilling efficiency, greatly reduces the labor load of operators, and has wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a top stage, a middle stage and a bottom stage according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in a low-level drilling state;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a drill bit according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a front drilling mechanism according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the bottom support base of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the outer connecting rod of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a raise boring construction process in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a forward drilling formation driving construction process according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the drill bit comprises an outer connecting rod, 11, a threaded connecting rod, 12, a clamping stabilizer bar, 2, a drill bit, 3, a cutting pick, 4, a fixing bolt, 5, a supporting base, 6, a top bearing table, 61, bearing discs A,62, bearing plates A,7, a middle bearing table, 8, a bottom bearing table, 9, a top lifting hydraulic cylinder, 10, a middle hydraulic cylinder, 13, a forward drilling threaded hole, 14, a reverse drilling threaded hole, 15, a top bearing table retraction groove, 16, a middle bearing table retraction groove, 17, a bottom supporting base, 18, a drill bit fixing joint, 19, a drill bit fixing base, 20, a cutting ring, 21, a drill bit rotating shaft, 22, a chip removing groove, 23, a front drill bit, 24, a front drill bit supporting base, 25, a front drill bit mounting rod, 26, a drill bit main body, 27, a guide hole, 28 and a rock stratum.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the invention provides a multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling device, which comprises a top bearing table 6, a middle bearing table 7, a top lifting hydraulic cylinder 9, a bottom bearing table 8 and a middle lifting hydraulic cylinder 10;

the top layer bearing table 6 consists of a bearing plate A61 positioned in a central area and three bearing plates A62 circumferentially and uniformly fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the bearing plate A61, a reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 is formed in the axis of the upper part of the bearing plate A61, a mounting hole A is formed in the axis of the lower part of the bearing plate A, and the upper end of the mounting hole A is not communicated with the lower end of the drilling joint threaded hole 14; the upper end surfaces of the three bearing plates A62 are fixedly connected with the support bases 5, and the distances from the three support bases 5 to the circle center of the reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 are sequentially reduced;

preferably, each of the bearing plates a62 extends radially in the length direction and has a symmetrical shape with respect to the center line, and the center lines of the three bearing plates a62 intersect at the center of the top bearing table 6 at an angle of 120 ° with respect to each other.

Each supporting base 5 extends along the radial direction, a drill bit accommodating groove extending along the longitudinal direction is formed in each supporting base, a rotatable drill bit 2 is assembled in each drill bit accommodating groove, and the head end of the drill bit 2 is smaller than the tail end of the drill bit 2 in size and is arranged with the head end facing outwards and the tail end facing inwards;

The middle bearing table 7 consists of a bearing plate B71 positioned in a central area and three bearing plates B72 which are uniformly and fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing plate B71 in the circumferential direction; the middle bearing table 7 is coaxially arranged below the top bearing table 6, and three bearing plates B72 and three bearing plates A62 are distributed in a staggered way;

as a preferred aspect, each of the carrier plates B72 has a longitudinal direction extending radially and having a symmetrical shape, the center lines of the three carrier plates B72 intersect at the center of the middle stage carrier 7 at an angle of 120 ° with respect to each other, and the adjacent carrier plates B72 and the three carrier plates a62 have an angle of 60 ° with respect to each other.

The size of the bearing disc B71 is larger than that of the top bearing table 6, a top bearing table retraction groove 15 is formed in the upper portion of the bearing disc B at a position corresponding to the top bearing table 6, a mounting hole B is formed in the axis of the upper portion of the bearing disc B, a mounting hole C is formed in the axis of the lower portion of the bearing disc B, and the upper end of the mounting hole C is not communicated with the lower end of the mounting hole B; the upper end faces of the three bearing plates B72 are fixedly connected with the supporting bases 5 at the same positions away from the mounting holes B, the drill bit 2 is arranged in each supporting base 5, and the head end of the drill bit 2 faces outwards and the tail end of the drill bit faces inwards;

The height of the cylinder barrel of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 is matched with the depth of the mounting hole B, the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole B, and the top end of a piston rod of the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole A at the lower part of the top layer bearing table 6; in this way, it is ensured that the top-level stage 6 can be retracted into the top-level stage retraction slot 15 in the fully retracted state of the top-level lifting hydraulic cylinder 9.

The bottom layer bearing table 8 is disc-shaped, the size of the bottom layer bearing table 8 is larger than that of the middle layer bearing table 7, the bottom layer bearing table 8 is coaxially arranged below the middle layer bearing table 7, a middle layer bearing table retraction groove 16 is formed in the upper portion of the bottom layer bearing table 8 at a position corresponding to the middle layer bearing table 7, a mounting hole D is formed in the shaft center of the upper portion of the bottom layer bearing table, a forward drilling joint threaded hole 13 is formed in the shaft center of the lower portion of the bottom layer bearing table, and the upper end of the forward drilling joint threaded hole 13 is not communicated with the lower end of the mounting hole D; 6 bottom layer supporting bases 17 are uniformly assembled on the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing table 8 in the circumferential direction in the area outside the middle layer bearing table retracting groove 16, and the angle formed by the adjacent 2 bottom layer supporting bases 17 and the circle center is 60 degrees; the bottom layer supporting base 17 is a U-shaped frame which is obliquely arranged, and consists of a V-shaped base 173 positioned at the bottom, an outer supporting rod 171 positioned at the outer side and an inner supporting rod 172 positioned at the inner side, wherein one side arm of the V-shaped base 173 positioned at the outer side is obliquely and fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing table 8, the outer supporting rod 171 and the inner supporting rod 172 are arranged in parallel, and the lower ends of the outer supporting rod 171 and the inner supporting rod 172 are respectively and fixedly connected with the end parts of the arms at the two sides of the V-shaped base 173; the drill bit 2 is rotatably arranged at the upper end inside each bottom layer supporting base 17, and the assembling directions of the drill bits 2 on two adjacent bottom layer supporting bases 17 are opposite, namely, the head end of one drill bit 2 faces outwards and the tail end faces inwards, and the installing directions of the adjacent drill bits 2 are that the head end faces inwards and the tail end faces outwards, so that the cutting pick 3 at the disc edge of the bottom layer bearing table 8 can be ensured to be in contact with rock strata more fully in the operation process, and the rock breaking efficiency can be remarkably accelerated;

The height of the cylinder barrel of the middle-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is matched with the depth of the mounting hole D, the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole D, and the top end of a piston rod of the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole C at the lower part of the middle-layer bearing table 7. In this way, it is ensured that the middle stage carriage 7 can be retracted into the middle stage carriage retraction groove 6 in the fully contracted state of the middle stage lift cylinder 10.

The drill bit 2 consists of a drill bit rotating shaft 21, a drill bit main body 26, a drill bit fixing base 19 and a drill bit fixing joint 18; the head end of the bit body 26 is smaller than the tail end thereof, the overall size of the bit body 26 is smoothly transited from the head end to the tail end, a plurality of layers of cutting tooth rings 20 are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the bit body 26 from the head end to the tail end, a plurality of cutting teeth 3 are uniformly arranged on each layer of cutting tooth ring 20, chip grooves 22 are formed between every two adjacent cutting tooth rings 20, an axial through hole is formed in the center of the bit body 26, and the bit body is rotatably sleeved in the middle of a bit rotating shaft 21 through the axial through hole; the two drill fixing bases 19 are respectively positioned at two sides of the drill main body 26 and fixedly sleeved outside the drill rotating shaft 21, so as to prevent the drill main body 26 from axially displacing on the drill rotating shaft 21; the two drill bit fixing joints 18 are respectively installed at two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft 21, and the drill bit fixing joints 18 are provided with fixing bolts 4 used for being connected with the supporting seats. The drill bit fixing joints with the fixing bolts are respectively arranged at the two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft, so that the drill bit is of a detachable structure, and when one drill bit is seriously worn, the new drill bit can be directly replaced, so that the whole drilling equipment is not required to be replaced, the drilling cost is reduced, the service life of the drilling equipment is prolonged, and the economic benefit of drilling construction is improved. Chip grooves are formed between two adjacent pick rings, so that scraps generated in the drilling process can be conveniently discharged out in time.

The external connecting rod 1 consists of a clamping stable section 11 positioned in the middle and two threaded connection sections 12 positioned at two ends of the clamping stable section 11, the clamping stable section 11 is provided with an annular limiting groove recessed inwards and used for protecting the threaded connection sections 12 when a tensile force is applied to power source equipment, the external connecting rod 1 is connected into a forward drilling threaded hole 13 through the threaded connection section 12 at one end of the external connecting rod 1, and the threaded connection section 12 at the other end of the external connecting rod is used for connecting the power source equipment;

the front drilling mechanism consists of a front drill bit supporting base 24, a front drill bit 23 and a front drill bit mounting rod 25, wherein a drill bit mounting groove is formed in the upper end of the front drill bit supporting base 24, the front drill bit 23 is identical to the drill bit 2 in structure, the front drill bit is assembled in the drill bit mounting groove through a plurality of fixing bolts 4, the upper end of the front drill bit mounting rod 25 is fixedly connected with the center of the lower end face of the front drill bit supporting base 24, an external thread structure is arranged on the outer side of the lower portion of the front drill bit mounting rod, and the front drill bit is connected in the reverse drilling threaded hole 14 through thread matching. The external rod is connected in the forward drilling threaded hole, so that the connection between the power source equipment and the drilling equipment can be conveniently established, and the forward drilling operation can be conveniently carried out. Through the setting of leading drilling mechanism, can effectively accelerate the efficiency that this drilling equipment initially broken rock was bored.

As a preference, the extension rod 1 is further comprised, the extension rod 1 is composed of a clamping stabilizing section 11 located at the middle part and two threaded connection sections 12 located at two ends of the clamping stabilizing section 11, the clamping stabilizing section 11 is provided with an annular limiting groove recessed inwards for protecting the threaded connection sections 12 when the power source equipment applies pulling force, the extension rod 1 is connected in the reverse drilling threaded hole 14 through the threaded connection sections 12 at one end thereof, and the threaded connection sections 12 at the other end thereof are used for connecting the power source equipment. The external connecting rod is connected into the reverse drilling threaded hole, so that the connection between the power source equipment and the drilling equipment can be conveniently established, and the reverse drilling operation can be conveniently performed.

In order to effectively improve the rock breaking effect and the drilling efficiency, the number of the cutting pick rings 20 is 6, 2 rows of cutting picks 3 are axially arranged on the head cutting pick ring 20 and the tail cutting

pick ring

20, 1 row of cutting picks 3 are arranged on the four middle cutting pick rings 14, the distance between two adjacent cutting picks 3 in the same row is 0.5-1.5 cm, and the cutting picks 3 between the two adjacent rows are arranged in a hollow manner.

In order to effectively crush rock strata and mineral strata with relatively hard strength, the cutting pick 3 is made of alloy materials, the tail end section of the cutting pick is in two horseshoe shapes which are spliced relatively, and the head end of the cutting pick is in a straight shape which is gradually sharpened towards the central line.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the invention further provides a multi-layer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling construction method, which comprises multi-layer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling equipment, and further comprises the following steps:

when the drilled objects are tunnels and tunnels, adopting a forward drilling mode, and executing the first step; when drilling is performed with the purpose of expanding the aperture and the drilling object has two free surfaces, for example, the development of a courtyard, a reverse drilling mode is adopted, and the second step is executed;

Step one: the forward drilling method is as follows;

s11: the method comprises the steps of connecting a threaded connection section 12 at one end of an external connection rod 1 into a forward drilling threaded hole 13 through threaded fit, and connecting the threaded connection section 12 at the other end of the external connection rod 1 and a clamping stable section 11 with a transmission shaft of power source equipment, wherein the threaded connection section 12 is used for ensuring stable and reliable connection with a rotation shaft of the power source equipment, and the clamping stable section 11 is used for protecting the threaded connection section 12 when the power source equipment applies tension;

meanwhile, the lower part of a front drill bit installation rod 25 in the front drilling mechanism is installed in the reverse drilling threaded hole 14 through threaded fit, so that the initial rock breaking drilling efficiency of the drilling equipment is improved;

when the drilling object is a weaker rock stratum 28, the drilling object is adjusted to be in a high-level drilling state; firstly, controlling a piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to extend upwards to a first set stroke through a hydraulic station, controlling a piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to extend upwards to a second set stroke so as to lift a top layer bearing table 6 upwards to the height of the first set stroke relative to a middle layer bearing table 7, lifting the middle layer bearing table 7 upwards to the height of the second set stroke relative to a bottom layer bearing table 8, and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a high-level drilling state;

When the drilling object is the rock layer 28 with general strength, the drilling object is adjusted to be in a middle-level drilling state: firstly, controlling a piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to extend upwards to form a setting stroke III through a hydraulic station, wherein the setting stroke III is smaller than the setting stroke I, controlling a piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to extend upwards to form a setting stroke IV, and controlling the setting stroke IV to be smaller than the setting stroke II so as to lift the top layer bearing table 6 to the height of the setting stroke III relative to the middle layer bearing table 7, lift the middle layer bearing table 7 to the height of the setting stroke IV relative to the bottom layer bearing table 8, and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a middle-level drilling state;

when the drilling object is a stronger stratum 28, the drilling object is adjusted to be in a small-level drilling state; firstly, controlling the piston rod of the top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 9 to retract completely through a hydraulic station, controlling the piston rod of the middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to retract completely so as to drive the top layer bearing table 6 to retract into the top layer bearing table retraction groove 15, driving the middle layer bearing table 7 to retract into the middle layer bearing table retraction groove 16, and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a small-level drilling state;

s13: in the drilling process, firstly, initial rock breaking is carried out on the center of a drilling area by a front drill bit 23 on a front drilling mechanism and 3 drill bits 2 on a top bearing table 6, a circular hole with the same diameter as the top bearing table 6 is drilled, then, when the drill bit 2 on the middle bearing table 7 is drilled to contact with a rock stratum 28, first-stage reaming drilling operation is carried out on the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area by the 3 drill bits 2 on the middle bearing table 7, then, when the drill bit 2 on the bottom bearing table 8 is drilled to contact with the rock stratum 28, second-stage reaming operation is carried out on the periphery of the first-stage reaming operation area by the 6 drill bits 2 on the bottom bearing table 8, and finally, the drilling operation with the required size is completed;

Step two: the reverse drilling method is as follows;

s21: firstly, replacing an external rod 1 with the length matched with the drilling thickness, and connecting a threaded connecting section 12 at one end of the external rod into a reverse drilling joint threaded hole 14 through threaded fit; the extension rod 1 passes through a guide hole 27 to be expanded and then is connected with a transmission shaft of power source equipment, and in the process, the power source equipment and drilling equipment are distributed at two ends of a drilling object and are connected through the extension rod 1 passing through the guide hole 27;

s23: during drilling, firstly, initial rock breaking is carried out on the centers of drilling areas by 3 drill bits 2 on a top bearing table 6, circular holes with the same diameter as the top bearing table 6 are drilled, then, when the drill bit 2 on the middle bearing table 7 is drilled to be in contact with the rock stratum 28, first-stage reaming drilling operation is carried out on the peripheries of the initial rock breaking position areas by 3 drill bits 2 on the middle bearing table 7, then, when the drill bit 2 on the bottom bearing table 8 is drilled to be in contact with the rock stratum 28, second-stage reaming drilling operation is carried out on the peripheries of the first-stage drilling operation areas by 6 drill bits 2 on the bottom bearing table 8, and finally, drilling operation with the required hole size is completed.

In order to ensure good drilling efficiency for the weaker rock stratum, the first stroke is set to be 15cm, the second stroke is set to be 12cm, and in order to ensure good drilling efficiency for the general rock stratum, the third stroke is set to be 10cm, and the fourth stroke is set to be 7cm.

Claims

1. The multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment comprises a top layer bearing table (6) and is characterized by further comprising a middle layer bearing table (7), a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9), a bottom layer bearing table (8) and a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10);

the top layer bearing table (6) consists of a bearing plate A (61) positioned in a central area and three bearing plates A (62) uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer ring surface of the bearing plate A (61) in the circumferential direction, a reverse drilling joint threaded hole (14) is formed in the axis of the upper part of the bearing plate A (61), a mounting hole A is formed in the axis of the lower part of the bearing plate A, and the upper end of the mounting hole A is not communicated with the lower end of the drilling joint threaded hole (14); the upper end surfaces of the three bearing plates A (62) are fixedly connected with support bases (5), and distances from the three support bases (5) to the circle centers of the threaded holes (14) of the reverse drilling joint are sequentially reduced; the length direction of each supporting base (5) extends along the radial direction, a drill bit accommodating groove extending along the length direction is formed in each supporting base, a rotatable drill bit (2) is assembled in each drill bit accommodating groove, and the head end of the drill bit (2) is smaller than the tail end of the drill bit, and is arranged with the head end outwards and the tail end inwards;

The middle bearing table (7) consists of a bearing plate B (71) positioned in a central area and three bearing plates B (72) which are uniformly and fixedly connected on the outer ring surface of the bearing plate B (71) in the circumferential direction; the middle bearing table (7) is coaxially arranged below the top bearing table (6), and the three bearing plates B (72) and the three bearing plates A (62) are distributed in a staggered manner in an inserting way; the size of the bearing disc B (71) is larger than that of the top bearing table (6), a top bearing table retraction groove (15) is formed in the upper part of the bearing disc B at a position corresponding to the top bearing table (6), a mounting hole B is formed in the axle center of the upper part of the bearing disc B, a mounting hole C is formed in the axle center of the lower part of the bearing disc B, and the upper end of the mounting hole C is not communicated with the lower end of the mounting hole B; the upper end faces of the three bearing plates B (72) are fixedly connected with the supporting bases (5) at the same positions away from the mounting holes B, the drill bit (2) is arranged in each supporting base (5), and the head end of the drill bit (2) faces outwards and the tail end of the drill bit faces inwards;

the height of a cylinder barrel of the top-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) is matched with the depth of the mounting hole B, the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole B, and the top end of a piston rod of the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole A at the lower part of the top-layer bearing table (6);

the bottom layer bearing table (8) is disc-shaped, the size of the bottom layer bearing table is larger than that of the middle layer bearing table (7), the bottom layer bearing table (8) is coaxially arranged below the middle layer bearing table (7), a middle layer bearing table retraction groove (16) is formed in the upper portion of the bottom layer bearing table at a position corresponding to the middle layer bearing table (7), a mounting hole D is formed in the axis of the upper portion of the bottom layer bearing table, a forward drilling joint threaded hole (13) is formed in the axis of the lower portion of the bottom layer bearing table, and the upper end of the forward drilling joint threaded hole (13) is not communicated with the lower end of the mounting hole D; 6 bottom layer supporting bases (17) are uniformly assembled on the upper end surface of the bottom layer bearing table (8) in the circumferential direction of the area outside the middle layer bearing table retraction groove (16); the bottom layer supporting base (17) is a U-shaped frame which is obliquely arranged and consists of a V-shaped base body (173) positioned at the bottom, an outer supporting rod (171) positioned at the outer side and an inner supporting rod (172) positioned at the inner side, one side arm of the V-shaped base body (173) positioned at the outer side is obliquely and fixedly connected to the upper end face of the bottom layer bearing table (8), the outer supporting rod (171) and the inner supporting rod (172) are arranged in parallel, and the lower ends of the outer supporting rod and the inner supporting rod are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of two side arms of the V-shaped base body (173); the drill bit (2) is rotatably arranged in the bottom layer supporting bases (17) at the upper end, and the drill bits (2) on two adjacent bottom layer supporting bases (17) are oppositely arranged;

The height of the cylinder barrel of the middle-layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) is matched with the depth of the mounting hole D, the cylinder barrel is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole D, and the top end of the piston rod is fixedly inserted into the mounting hole C at the lower part of the middle-layer bearing table (7).

2. The multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 1, wherein the drill bit (2) consists of a drill bit rotating shaft (21), a drill bit main body (26), a drill bit fixing base (19) and a drill bit fixing joint (18); the size of the head end of the drill bit main body (26) is smaller than that of the tail end of the drill bit main body, the whole size of the drill bit main body is smoothly transited from the head end to the tail end, a plurality of layers of cutting tooth rings (20) are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit main body (26) from the head end to the tail end, a plurality of cutting teeth (3) are uniformly arranged on each layer of cutting tooth ring (20), chip grooves (22) are formed between every two adjacent cutting tooth rings (20), an axial through hole is formed in the center of the drill bit main body (26), and the drill bit main body is rotatably sleeved in the middle of a drill bit rotating shaft (21) through the axial through hole; the two drill bit fixing bases (19) are respectively positioned at two sides of the drill bit main body (26) and fixedly sleeved outside the drill bit rotating shaft (21) for preventing the drill bit main body (26) from axially displacing on the drill bit rotating shaft (21); the two drill bit fixing joints (18) are respectively arranged at two ends of the drill bit rotating shaft (21), and the drill bit fixing joints (18) are provided with fixing bolts (4) which are used for being connected with the supporting seat.

3. The multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 2, further comprising an external connection rod (1) and a front drilling mechanism, wherein the external connection rod (1) consists of a clamping stabilizing section (11) positioned in the middle and two threaded connection sections (12) positioned at two ends of the clamping stabilizing section (11), the clamping stabilizing section (11) is provided with an annular limiting groove recessed inwards and used for protecting the threaded connection sections (12) when a pulling force is applied to power source equipment, the external connection rod (1) is connected into a forward drilling threaded hole (13) through the threaded connection section (12) at one end of the external connection rod, and the threaded connection section (12) at the other end of the external connection rod is used for connecting the power source equipment;

the front drilling mechanism comprises a front drill bit supporting base (24), a front drill bit (23) and a front drill bit mounting rod (25), wherein a drill bit mounting groove is formed in the upper end of the front drill bit supporting base (24), the front drill bit (23) is identical to the drill bit (2) in structure, the front drill bit is assembled in the drill bit mounting groove through a plurality of fixing bolts (4), the upper end of the front drill bit mounting rod (25) is fixedly connected with the center of the lower end face of the front drill bit supporting base (24), an external thread structure is arranged on the outer side of the lower portion of the front drill bit mounting rod, and the front drill bit is connected in a reverse drilling threaded hole (14) through threaded fit.

4. The multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 2, further comprising an external connection rod (1), wherein the external connection rod (1) is composed of a clamping stabilizing section (11) positioned in the middle and two threaded connection sections (12) positioned at two ends of the clamping stabilizing section (11), the clamping stabilizing section (11) is provided with an annular limiting groove recessed inwards and used for protecting the threaded connection sections (12) when a pulling force is applied to power source equipment, the external connection rod (1) is connected into a reverse drilling threaded hole (14) through the threaded connection section (12) at one end of the external connection rod, and the threaded connection section (12) at the other end of the external connection rod is used for connecting the power source equipment.

5. The multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 2, wherein the number of the cutting pick rings (20) is 6, 2 rows of cutting picks (3) are axially arranged on the first cutting pick ring and the second cutting pick ring (20), 1 row of cutting picks (3) are arranged on the middle four cutting pick rings (14), the distance between two adjacent cutting picks (3) in the same row is 0.5-1.5 cm, and the cutting picks (3) between two adjacent rows are arranged in a hollow manner.

6. The multilayer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment according to claim 5, wherein the cutting pick (3) is made of alloy materials, the tail end section of the cutting pick is in two horseshoe shapes which are spliced oppositely, and the head end of the cutting pick is in a straight shape which is gradually pointed towards the central line.

7. A multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling construction method, comprising the multi-layer liftable conical forward and reverse drilling equipment as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising the following steps:

step one: the forward drilling method is as follows;

s11: firstly, connecting a threaded connection section (12) at one end of an external connecting rod (1) into a forward drilling threaded hole (13) through threaded fit, and then connecting the threaded connection section (12) at the other end of the external connecting rod (1) and a clamping stable section (11) with a transmission shaft of power source equipment, wherein the threaded connection section (12) is used for ensuring stable and reliable connection with a rotation shaft of the power source equipment, and the clamping stable section (11) is used for protecting the threaded connection section (12) when the power source equipment applies a tensile force;

simultaneously, the lower part of a front drill bit installation rod (25) in the front drilling mechanism is installed in a reverse drilling threaded hole (14) through threaded fit;

When the drilling object is a softer stratum (28), adjusting to a high-level drilling state; firstly, controlling a piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) to extend upwards to a first set stroke through a hydraulic station, controlling a piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) to extend upwards to a second set stroke so as to lift a top layer bearing table (6) to the height of the first set stroke relative to a middle layer bearing table (7), lifting the middle layer bearing table (7) to the height of the second set stroke relative to a bottom layer bearing table (8), and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a high-level drilling state;

when the drilling object is a rock stratum (28) with general strength, the drilling object is adjusted to be in a middle-level drilling state: firstly, controlling a piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) to extend upwards to form a setting stroke III through a hydraulic station, wherein the setting stroke III is smaller than the setting stroke I, controlling a piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) to extend upwards to form a setting stroke IV, and controlling the setting stroke IV to be smaller than the setting stroke II so as to lift a top layer bearing table (6) to the height of the setting stroke III relative to a middle layer bearing table (7), lifting the middle layer bearing table (7) to the height of the setting stroke IV relative to a bottom layer bearing table (8), and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a middle-level drilling state;

When the drilling object is a stronger stratum (28), adjusting to a small-level drilling state; firstly, controlling the piston rod of a top layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (9) to retract completely through a hydraulic station, controlling the piston rod of a middle layer lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) to retract completely so as to drive a top layer bearing table (6) to retract into a top layer bearing table retraction groove (15), driving a middle layer bearing table (7) to retract into a middle layer bearing table retraction groove (16), and adjusting drilling equipment to be in a small-level drilling state;

s13: in the drilling process, firstly, initial rock breaking is carried out by a front drill bit (23) on a front drilling mechanism and 3 drill bits (2) on a top bearing table (6) in the center of a drilling area, a round cavity with the same diameter as the top bearing table (6) is drilled, then, when the drill bit (2) on the middle bearing table (7) is drilled to contact a rock stratum (28), first-stage reaming operation is carried out by the 3 drill bits (2) on the middle bearing table (7) at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area, then, when the drill bit (2) on the bottom bearing table (8) is drilled to contact the rock stratum (28), second-stage reaming operation is carried out by the 6 drill bits (2) on the bottom bearing table (8) at the periphery of the first-stage drilling operation area, and finally, the drilling operation of the required cavity is completed;

Step two: the reverse drilling method is as follows;

s21: firstly, replacing an external rod (1) with the length matched with the drilling thickness, and enabling a threaded connection section (12) at one end of the external rod to be connected into a reverse drilling joint threaded hole (14) through threaded fit; the external connecting rod (1) passes through the guide hole (27) to be expanded and then is connected with a transmission shaft of the power source equipment, in the process, the power source equipment and the drilling equipment are distributed at two ends of a drilling object, and the power source equipment and the drilling equipment are connected through the external connecting rod (1) passing through the guide hole (27);

s23: in the drilling process, firstly, initial rock breaking is carried out by 3 drill bits (2) on a top bearing table (6) in the center of a drilling area, a round hole with the same diameter as the top bearing table (6) is drilled, then, when the drill bit (2) on a middle bearing table (7) is drilled to contact a rock stratum (28), first-stage reaming drilling operation is carried out by the 3 drill bits (2) on the middle bearing table (7) at the periphery of the initial rock breaking position area, and then, when the drill bit (2) on the drill bit (8) drilled to the bottom bearing table (8) is contacted with the rock stratum (28), second-stage reaming operation is carried out by the 6 drill bits (2) on the bottom bearing table (8) at the periphery of the first-stage reaming operation area, and finally, the drilling operation with the required hole size is completed.

8. The multi-layer lifting type conical forward and reverse drilling construction method according to claim 7, wherein the first stroke is set to 15cm, the second stroke is set to 12cm, the third stroke is set to 10cm, and the fourth stroke is set to 7cm.