CN116351896A - Control method for surplus pressure in hydrostatic extrusion process - Google Patents

Control method for surplus pressure in hydrostatic extrusion process Download PDF

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CN116351896A
CN116351896A CN202310426912.4A CN202310426912A CN116351896A CN 116351896 A CN116351896 A CN 116351896A CN 202310426912 A CN202310426912 A CN 202310426912A CN 116351896 A CN116351896 A CN 116351896A
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extrusion
hydrostatic
pressure
hydraulic medium
die
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黄胜
樊晓光
张君
詹梅
王瑞
吴建军
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co Ltd
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

The invention discloses a control method for surplus in a hydrostatic extrusion process, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing a volume equation of a hydrostatic extrusion ingot blank, a hydraulic medium and an extrusion rod according to a volume unchanged principle; secondly, according to the characteristics of hydrostatic extrusion and the compression characteristics of the hydraulic medium, establishing a volume equation of the volume of the hydraulic medium along with the pressure change; and finally, solving the equations in a combined way, and obtaining a control equation of the excess length after mathematical operation and transformation. According to the control equation, the invention not only can monitor and control the surplus length, but also can obtain the surplus length through the hydraulic medium pressure and the extrusion rod position after substituting relevant process conditions and parameters, thereby realizing the implementation monitoring and effective control of the surplus length and solving the industry commonality problem that the surplus hydrostatic extrusion is difficult to monitor and control.

Description

Control method for surplus pressure in hydrostatic extrusion process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of special equipment, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring and controlling surplus pressure during extrusion production of metal hydrostatic.
Background
The metal hydrostatic extrusion is commonly used for extrusion production of high-strength and high-toughness or difficult-deformation alloy, and the working principle is that hydraulic medium pre-filled in an extrusion cylinder is used for pressurizing through an extrusion rod, the pressure is transmitted to an ingot blank in the extrusion cylinder through the hydraulic medium, one end of the ingot blank is inserted into a die bearing, the other parts are soaked in the hydraulic medium, and the hydraulic medium with pressure forces the metal ingot blank to deform and be formed through a die. The pressure in the extrusion cylinder is particularly high during hydrostatic extrusion, reaches the GPa level, and belongs to ultra-high pressure.
In the hydrostatic extrusion process, residual pressure monitoring control is an industry common problem, and because the hydrostatic extrusion pressure is extremely high, excessive residual pressure control can cause a great deal of waste of ingot blanks, or the length of the produced bar is not up to standard; insufficient control quantity of excess pressure can lead to sudden release of the pressure of the ultrahigh-pressure liquid medium in the extrusion cylinder, extruded products are ejected, and the die damage, the product damage and the extremely high safety risk caused by the flying-out of bars exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring and controlling excess pressure during hydrostatic extrusion, which aims to solve the problems that excess pressure control or insufficient excess pressure control is often caused in the prior art, so that a die is damaged, a product is damaged and a bar flies out.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for monitoring and controlling the extrusion residue during the extrusion production of metal hydrostatic extrusion, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing a volume equation of an ingot blank, a hydraulic medium and an extrusion rod in hydrostatic extrusion according to a volume invariant principle; and secondly, establishing a volume equation of the volume of the hydraulic medium along with the pressure change according to the characteristics of hydrostatic extrusion and the compression characteristic of the hydraulic medium. Finally solving the equation in a joint way through mathematical operation and transformationAfter that, the surplus length L is obtained d Is a control equation of (2). According to the obtained control equation, not only the excess length can be monitored and controlled, but also the related process conditions and parameters can be substituted into the excess length through the hydraulic medium pressure P and the extrusion rod position L g Obtaining the excess length L d The method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the real-time length of the extrusion residue in the hydrostatic extrusion process;
according to the target surplus length and the pressure of the hydraulic medium in the extrusion process, the stroke of the extrusion rod is obtained, and the distance from the extrusion rod at the stopping point to the inner end surface of the die when the extrusion is finished is determined;
and controlling the position of the extrusion rod according to the extrusion ending stop point, so as to realize the surplus extrusion control in the hydrostatic extrusion process.
Further, the relation among the real-time length of the surplus, the pressure of the hydraulic medium in the extrusion process and the travel of the extrusion rod comprises:
Figure BDA0004188742180000011
wherein L is d Is the real-time length of the excess; l (L) d0 The residual pressure length is the residual pressure length in the initial state; the user is the real-time pressure of the hydraulic medium (3); s is the real-time travel of the extrusion rod (1); v (V) j0 Is the initial volume of hydraulic medium (3); p (P) e The highest pressure corresponding to the compression rate; u is the pressure P e The compression ratio of the hydraulic medium; d (D) 0 Is the diameter of the ingot blank (4); d (D) 1 Is the inner diameter of the extrusion cylinder (5);
further, s=l at the end of extrusion g0 -L g1 ；
Wherein L is g0 Is the distance from the extrusion rod (1) to the inner end surface of the die in the initial state, L g1 The distance from the extrusion rod (1) to the inner end surface of the die is the distance from the extrusion end to the inner end surface of the die.
Said L is one step g0 The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0004188742180000021
further, P when castor oil is used as a hydraulic medium e 2000MPa; u=30%.
Further, the method for controlling the surplus pressure comprises the steps of sending a stop instruction to equipment so that the extrusion rod is far from the inner end face L of the extrusion die g1 Stopping the process.
The invention provides a device for realizing the hydrostatic extrusion method, which comprises an extrusion rod nested at one end in an extrusion cylinder; the extrusion die is nested in the other end of the extrusion cylinder and is fixed on the die pad together with the extrusion cylinder.
Further, a first seal is arranged between the extrusion rod and the extrusion cylinder; and a second seal is arranged between the extrusion die and the extrusion cylinder.
Further, the extrusion cylinder is of a hollow tubular structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the extrusion rod stroke, the hydraulic medium pressure and the extrusion rod position are taken as independent variables, and a control equation of the extrusion surplus length of the hydrostatic extrusion is established according to the characteristics of the hydrostatic extrusion, so that the extrusion surplus length is dynamically obtained, and the effective monitoring and control of the extrusion surplus length of the hydrostatic extrusion are realized.
The invention establishes a dynamic control equation of the extrusion surplus length of the hydrostatic extrusion, thereby obtaining the extrusion surplus length in the whole hydrostatic extrusion process in real time, realizing the implementation monitoring and effective control of the surplus length, solving the industry commonality problem that the surplus of the hydrostatic extrusion is difficult to monitor and control, and avoiding the problems that the surplus control is excessive to cause a great deal of waste of ingot blanks, or the length of the produced bar is not up to standard, and the surplus control quantity is insufficient to cause the damage of a die, the damage of a product or the serious safety risk caused by the flying-out of the bar.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the monitoring and control method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the process of the present invention in a state during extrusion;
wherein: 1. an extrusion rod; 2. a first seal; 3. a hydraulic medium; 4. ingot blank; 5. an extrusion cylinder; 6. an extrusion die; 7. a second seal; 8. and a die pad.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples, but is not limited in any way.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the hydrostatic extrusion residual pressure monitoring and controlling method of the present embodiment at least includes an extrusion rod 1, a first seal 2 of ultra-high pressure at the extrusion rod side, a hydraulic medium 3, an ingot blank 4, an extrusion cylinder 5, an extrusion die 6, a second seal 7 of ultra-high pressure at the extrusion die side, and a die pad 8.
Wherein, extrusion rod 1 is located the one end in hollow tubular extrusion section of thick bamboo 5 to the nest is in extrusion section of thick bamboo 5, is equipped with first sealed 2 between extrusion rod 1 and extrusion section of thick bamboo 5, ensures that hydraulic medium 3 in the extrusion section of thick bamboo 5 can not leak in the gap between extrusion rod 5 and the extrusion section of thick bamboo 5 when carrying out the superhigh pressure. The extrusion die 6 is nested at the other end in the extrusion barrel 5 and is fixed on the die pad 8 together with the extrusion barrel 5; a second seal 7 is provided between the extrusion die 6 and the extrusion cylinder 5 to ensure that the hydraulic medium 3 in the extrusion cylinder 5 does not leak from the gap between the extrusion dies 6. The outlet of the extrusion die 6 is flush with the outer side of the extrusion barrel 5 and abuts against the die pad 8, ensuring that the die pad 8 supports the extrusion die 6 and the extrusion barrel 5. In operation, the ingot 4 to be hydrostatically extruded is placed in the extrusion barrel 5 and the extrusion die 6 is pre-filled to ensure that the hydraulic medium 3 does not leak from the extrusion die orifice.
For further explanation of this embodiment, the effective length of the ingot 4, i.e., the distance from the outer end face of the ingot to the inner end face of the extrusion die 6, is denoted as L d This length, i.e. the excess length, is initially denoted as L d0 The end of extrusion is denoted as L d1 . The pressure of the hydraulic medium is denoted as P, and the initial state is denoted as P 0 The end of the extrusion is denoted as P 1 . The distance from the extrusion rod 1 to the inner end surface of the extrusion die 6 is denoted as L g Recorded as L in initial state g0 The end of extrusion is denoted as L g1 Therefore, the real-time travel of the extrusion rod is s=l g0 -L g 。
Firstly, according to the principle of unchanged volume, an equation of unchanged sum of the total volume of the hydrostatic extrusion ingot blank 4, the hydraulic medium 3 and the volume occupied by the extrusion rod 2 in the extrusion cylinder 5 is established, namely:
V 0 ＝V j +V d +V s (1)
wherein:
V 0 the volume of the ingot blank 4 in the extrusion cylinder, the volume of the hydraulic medium 3 and the volume in the extrusion cylinder occupied by the advancing extrusion rod 1 are fixed values;
V j the volume of the hydraulic medium 3;
V d the volume of the ingot 4 inside the extrusion vessel 5;
V s the volume inside the extrusion cylinder 5 occupied by the extrusion rod 1.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of hydrostatic extrusion and the compression characteristics of the hydraulic medium, a volume equation of the volume of the hydraulic medium 3 changing along with the pressure P is established, namely
Figure BDA0004188742180000031
Wherein:
V j0 an initial volume of hydraulic medium 3;
the real-time pressure of the P-liquid medium is changed along with the extrusion process and is a variable;
P e highest pressure corresponding to compression ratio, P e ＝2000MPa；
u-pressure is P e The compression ratio of the hydraulic medium at that time, u=30%.
The hydrostatic extrusion liquid medium of the invention is castor oil, and the relationship between the compression rate and the pressure of the castor oil is the basic physical property.
Then, according to the deformation characteristics of the ingot blank, the volume and the residual length L of the ingot blank 4 in the extrusion cylinder are established d Equations of relation, i.e.
Figure BDA0004188742180000041
Wherein:
D 0 -diameter of the ingot 4;
L d the real-time length of the ingot blank 4 in the extrusion process in the extrusion cylinder 5, namely the excess length.
According to the effective displacement of the extrusion rod 1, an equation of the relation between the volume occupied by the extrusion rod 1 in the extrusion cylinder 5 and the displacement is established, namely
Figure BDA0004188742180000042
Wherein:
s-extrusion rod stroke, s=l g0 -L g ，L g0 L is the distance from the extrusion rod to the inner end surface of the die in the initial state g Is the real-time distance from the extrusion rod to the inner end surface of the die in the extrusion process.
According to the above equation, in the initial state,
volume of hydraulic medium:
V j ＝V j0 (5)
V j0 the volume of the hydraulic medium 3 which is injected into the extrusion vessel in advance is a known quantity.
Volume of ingot blank 4 in extrusion barrel 5:
Figure BDA0004188742180000043
in the initial state, the extrusion rod stroke S 0 =0, thus
Figure BDA0004188742180000044
The combination of formulas (1), (5) to (7) is:
Figure BDA0004188742180000045
according to the principle of unchanged volume, the following formulas (1) to (8) are combined:
Figure BDA0004188742180000046
the expression (9) is subjected to mathematical operation and transformation to obtain the residual length, namely the residual length L of the ingot blank d The relation with the extrusion rod stroke S and the hydraulic medium pressure P is:
Figure BDA0004188742180000051
thereby obtaining a control equation of the hydrostatic extrusion residual length, wherein L d The length of the ingot blank in the extrusion cylinder is the surplus length, P is the real-time pressure of hydraulic medium in the hydrostatic extrusion cylinder, and S is the real-time travel of the extrusion rod.
In the extrusion process, the excess length L d Is an expression of formula (10).
At the end of extrusion, at this time s=l g0 -L g1 ，P＝P 1 Substituting formula (10) to obtain:
Figure BDA0004188742180000053
wherein L is d1 The length of the ingot blank in the extrusion cylinder at the end of extrusion, namely the rest length.
The effective control of the hydrostatic extrusion pressure surplus can be realized by combining the components (10) to (11), and the method is as follows:
in a first step, the excess length L in the hydrostatic extrusion process can be dynamically obtained according to formula (10) d Real-time data of (a);
second, according to the required target surplus length L d1 And the pressure P of the hydraulic medium 3 during extrusion, the stroke value of the extrusion rod 1 is obtained according to the formula (11), thereby determining the distance L from the extrusion rod to the inner end surface of the die at the end stop point of extrusion g1 ；
Third step, according to the extrusion end stop point L g1 To control the position of the extrusion rod 1 fromAnd realizing effective control of hydrostatic extrusion pressure surplus.
Example 1
The following is a further explanation in connection with monitoring and controlling the hydrostatic extrusion press head of tungsten alloy:
the extrusion conditions were as follows: the diameter of the tungsten alloy ingot blank is 100mm, the effective length is 400mm, the inner diameter of an extrusion cylinder of hydraulic extrusion equipment is 130mm, the diameter of a bearing of an extrusion die is 60mm, and the target residual length is 80mm. In the extrusion preparation stage, the extrusion cylinder is filled with 4L of hydraulic medium after the upper ingot is completed. At the end of extrusion, p1=1600 MPa was measured by a pressure sensor on the hydrostatic extrusion equipment itself.
The parameters corresponding to the extrusion conditions are as follows:
diameter D of ingot blank 4 0 Length of ingot L =100 mm d0 =400 mm, inner diameter D of extrusion cylinder 1 ＝130mm。
Initial volume V of hydraulic medium 3 j0 ＝4L，
The initial volume of the ingot 4 is obtained by substituting the above parameters into the following parameters (6):
Figure BDA0004188742180000052
therefore, according to the formula (1) and the formula (7), there are:
V 0 ＝V j +V d +V s ＝7.14L (13)
the initial distance from the extrusion rod 1 to the inner end surface of the extrusion die 6 is as follows:
Figure BDA0004188742180000061
substituting the working condition data into the control equation (10) to obtain the extrusion residual length of the tungsten alloy hydrostatic extrusion is as follows:
Figure BDA0004188742180000062
obtained from (15)Obtain the extrusion excess length L d And the relation between the hydraulic medium pressure P and the extrusion rod stroke S, thereby enabling monitoring and control of the excess length to be carried out.
Further description will be made on how to monitor the excess length, according to the requirement of 80mm in the working condition description, the pressure of the medium 3 formed by extrusion molding of tungsten alloy hydrostatic extrusion is 1600MPa, and L is d ＝80mm，P 1 =1600 MPa, and the substitution formula (11) has:
Figure BDA0004188742180000063
solving equation (16) to obtain the extrusion stem 1 stroke s= 261.712mm, thereby obtaining:
L g1 ＝276.288mm (17)
corresponding to the instruction of the hydrostatic extrusion equipment, namely when the pressure of the hydrostatic extrusion hydraulic medium 3 is 1600MPa, the extrusion rod 1 stops at a distance of 276.288mm from the inner end surface of the extrusion die 6, and the obtained extrusion surplus length is 80mm.
In summary, the hydrostatic extrusion surplus monitoring and controlling process for realizing the tungsten alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, substituting working condition parameters into a control equation (10) according to working conditions, and establishing a control equation of hydrostatic extrusion pressure residual;
and a second step of: monitoring and controlling the excess length through the pressure of the hydraulic medium 3 and the position of the extrusion rod 1 according to the established control equation;
and a third step of: according to the surplus length required by the process and the working pressure P of the hydrostatic extrusion hydraulic medium 3, for example, the surplus length is required to be 80mm in this example, the hydraulic medium pressure is 1600MPa, the surplus length is substituted into the control equation, and the stroke S of the extrusion rod 1 is obtained, and in this example, s= 261.712mm.
Fourth step: according to the result of the third step, the stop position of the extrusion rod is determined, a stop instruction is sent to the equipment, the extrusion rod 1 stops at a distance of 276.288mm from the inner end face of the extrusion die 6 in the example, and the obtained extrusion surplus length is 80mm.
Many possible variations and modifications of the disclosed technology can be made by anyone skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technology, or the technology can be modified to be equivalent. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The control method for the surplus in the hydrostatic extrusion process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining the real-time length of the extrusion residue in the hydrostatic extrusion process;
according to the target surplus length and the pressure of the hydraulic medium (3) in the extrusion process, the stroke of the extrusion rod (1) is obtained, and the distance from the extrusion rod (1) at the stopping point to the inner end surface of the die when the extrusion is finished is determined;
and controlling the position of the extrusion rod (1) according to the extrusion ending stop point, so as to realize the surplus pressure control in the hydrostatic extrusion process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the relationship between the real-time length of the surplus, the pressure of the hydraulic medium during the extrusion, and the stroke of the extrusion rod comprises:
Figure QLYQS_1
wherein L is d Is the real-time length of the excess; l (L) d0 The residual pressure length is the residual pressure length in the initial state; p is the real-time pressure of the hydraulic medium (3); s is the real-time travel of the extrusion rod (1); v (V) j0 Is the initial volume of hydraulic medium (3); p (P) e The highest pressure corresponding to the compression rate; u is the pressure P e The compression ratio of the hydraulic medium; d (D) 0 Is the diameter of the ingot blank (4); d (D) 1 Is the inner diameter of the extrusion cylinder (5).
3. Hydrostatic extrusion as claimed in claim 2Method for controlling the pressure surplus in a process, characterized in that at the end of extrusion s=l g0 -L g1 ；
Wherein L is g0 Is the distance from the extrusion rod (1) to the inner end surface of the die in the initial state, L g1 The distance from the extrusion rod (1) to the inner end surface of the die is the distance from the extrusion end to the inner end surface of the die.
4. A method of controlling extrusion in a hydrostatic extrusion process as set forth in claim 3 wherein L g0 The calculation method of (1) comprises the following steps:
Figure QLYQS_2
5. the method for controlling the extrusion process of hydrostatic extrusion as claimed in claim 2, wherein the castor oil is used as the hydraulic medium e 2000MPa; u=30%.
6. The method for controlling the extrusion press residue in the hydrostatic extrusion process according to any one of claims 1, 3 and 4, wherein the method for controlling the extrusion press residue comprises the steps of sending a stop command to the equipment to enable the extrusion rod (1) to be separated from the inner end face L of the extrusion die (6) g1 Stopping the process.
7. An apparatus for carrying out the hydrostatic extrusion method of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising an extrusion rod (1) nested at one end within an extrusion barrel (5);
the extrusion die (6) is nested in the other end of the extrusion barrel (5) and is fixed on the die pad (8) together with the extrusion barrel (5).
8. Device for hydrostatic extrusion according to claim 7, wherein a first seal (2) is provided between the extrusion rod (1) and the extrusion cylinder (5); a second seal (7) is arranged between the extrusion die (6) and the extrusion cylinder (5).
9. Device for hydrostatic extrusion according to claim 7, wherein the extrusion vessel (5) is of hollow tubular structure.
CN202310426912.4A 2023-04-20 2023-04-20 Control method for surplus pressure in hydrostatic extrusion process Pending CN116351896A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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