CN116341300A - Finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, system and method thereof - Google Patents
Finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, a system and a method thereof, which are used for verifying finite element modal analysis of a tested workpiece so as to break technical monopoly of foreign companies and realize verification of finite element modal analysis. The finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement comprises: an upper computer; the laser vibration meter is controlled by the upper computer and is used for measuring vibration information of the measured workpiece; the image sensor is controlled by the upper computer and is used for collecting image information of the tested workpiece; the displacement device is controlled by the upper computer and is used for moving the position of the tested workpiece relative to the laser vibration meter so as to enable the laser vibration meter to scan the tested workpiece point by point; the upper computer is used for carrying out modal model processing on vibration information measured by the laser vibration meter so as to verify the correctness of finite element modal analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of modal analysis, in particular to a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, a system and a method thereof.
Background
The computer aided engineering (English Computer Aided Engineering; CAE for short) is a numerical analysis method for modal analysis of structural performance of more complex engineering, which relies on a computer as a realization platform to establish a digital model of a structure through a virtual technology. The CAE technology is a comprehensive and knowledge-intensive science which rapidly develops, relies on multiple disciplines of knowledge such as mechanics, dynamics, kinematics, thermodynamics, electromagnetics and the like, and utilizes a digital model to simulate and simulate the mechanical property, movement posture, heat and magnetic field distribution of a product, so that defects existing in design are discovered in advance in early stage of product development, and the optimization design is performed in time.
Currently, in the field of engineering technology, more commonly used CAE methods include finite element differentiation (english Finite Difference Method; abbreviated as FDM), boundary element analysis (english Boundary Element Method; abbreviated as BEM), and finite element analysis (english Finite Element Analysis; abbreviated as FEM), among which the most mature is the finite element analysis, and they have been applied to fields of sound field, electricity, electromagnetic field, fluid, thermodynamics, and mechanical analysis.
The existing CAE software based on finite element analysis technology is commonly used with ANSYS, ADAMS, solidworks and Catia, the analysis process of the CAE software comprises three parts of preprocessing, loading and solving and post-processing, and when a product is analyzed by computer simulation, a model of the product must be established first. Although it is known that the information contained in the product model is not only all the information related to production, such as size, shape, precision, interrelationship between surfaces, materials and heat treatment information, but also the correlation between these information is also expressed in the structure, since this type of analysis means is usually developed by means of corresponding computer software, the model details and calculation methods often cannot be deeply adjusted in the actual use process, so that the results after simulation sometimes differ from the actual situations, so that the experimental means capable of verifying finite element simulation are urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, a system and a method thereof, which can break technical monopoly of foreign companies and realize verification of finite element modal analysis.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a system and method for verifying a finite element modal analysis based on laser vibration measurement, wherein in an embodiment of the present invention, the system for verifying a finite element modal analysis based on laser vibration measurement can be used as a verification of a finite element modal analysis by experimentally performing parameter recognition on the input and output signals and the response caused thereby to obtain modal parameters.
The invention further provides a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, a system and a method thereof, wherein in one embodiment of the invention, the finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement can acquire a modal model of an ultrasonic device through actual measurement in a laser vibration measurement mode, so that the correctness of finite element modal analysis is verified.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, and a system and a method thereof, wherein in an embodiment of the present invention, the finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement can use a laser vibration meter as a sensor, so as to utilize the non-contact measurement characteristic thereof without contacting with a measured workpiece, and help to solve the adverse effect of additional mass on the measurement effect.
The invention further provides a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement, a system and a method thereof, wherein in one embodiment of the invention, the finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement can automatically store coordinate information in a mobile scanning process without manually taking and placing a sensor and inputting data point by point, thereby being beneficial to greatly shortening measurement time and avoiding manual misoperation.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification platform and system and method thereof wherein expensive materials or complex structures are not required in the present invention to achieve the above objects. Therefore, the invention successfully and effectively provides a solution, not only provides a simple finite element modal analysis and verification platform based on laser vibration measurement and a system and a method thereof, but also increases the practicability and reliability of the finite element modal analysis and verification platform based on laser vibration measurement and the system and the method thereof.
To achieve at least one of the above advantages and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, a laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification platform for verifying finite element modal analysis of a workpiece to be measured is provided, the laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification platform comprising:
An upper computer;
the laser vibration meter is controlled by the upper computer and is used for measuring vibration information of the measured workpiece;
the image sensor is controlled by the upper computer and is used for collecting image information of the tested workpiece; and
The displacement device is controlled by the upper computer and is used for moving the position of the tested workpiece relative to the laser vibration meter so as to enable the laser vibration meter to scan the tested workpiece point by point; the upper computer is used for carrying out modal model processing on vibration information measured by the laser vibration meter so as to verify the correctness of finite element modal analysis.
According to one embodiment of the application, the finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement further comprises a light splitting system, wherein the light splitting system is correspondingly arranged among the laser vibration meter, the image sensor and the displacement device, and the light splitting system is used for enabling a measurement light path of the laser vibration meter to be coaxial with an imaging light path of the image sensor.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the beam splitting system is an optical prism, and is configured to split a beam of return light reflected by the workpiece to be measured into a beam of measurement light propagating to the laser vibrometer and a beam of imaging light propagating to the image sensor.
According to an embodiment of the application, the displacement device is a nano displacement table and is used for bearing the workpiece to be tested, so that the workpiece to be tested is driven to move under the control of the upper computer, and the laser vibration meter scans the point to point of the workpiece to be tested.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the image sensor is a digital camera.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is further provided a finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement, comprising:
the laser vibration measuring module is used for automatically acquiring vibration data of a measured point on the measured workpiece in a laser vibration measuring mode;
the data analysis module is used for carrying out time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point according to the vibration data from the laser vibration measurement module so as to obtain a modal data source;
the modal analysis module is used for carrying out modal analysis on the modal data source from the data analysis module so as to obtain required modal parameters; and
and the mode verification module is used for verifying whether the mode parameters obtained by the mode analysis module are reliable.
According to one embodiment of the application, the laser vibration measuring module comprises a laser calibration module, a model building module and a laser scanning module which are in communication connection, wherein the laser calibration module is used for calibrating a laser vibration measuring instrument and an image sensor so that laser points of the laser vibration measuring instrument correspond to pixel points in an image of a measured workpiece acquired by the image sensor one by one; the mode establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model according to the coordinates of the points and the point line and plane setting of the combined substructure; the laser scanning module is used for controlling the displacement device carrying the measured workpiece to move so as to enable the laser vibration meter to scan vibration information of all measuring points in the three-dimensional geometric model point by point to obtain vibration data.
According to one embodiment of the application, the data analysis module adopts a coherence function to evaluate the quality of the frequency response function, and a specific evaluation formula is as follows:
wherein: gamma ray xy (k) Is the magnitude of the coherence function; s is S xx (k) Is the self-power spectrum mean value of the excitation signal; s is S yy (k) Is the self-power spectrum mean value of the measurement signal; s is S xy (k) Is the average value of the cross-power spectrum between the excitation and the measurement actually measured by the system.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the data analysis module includes a time domain analysis module and a frequency response function analysis module, where the time domain analysis module is configured to automatically identify a sampling frequency, a start time, and a time interval of the vibration data, so as to obtain a data time domain and a frequency domain curve corresponding to the vibration data; the frequency response function analysis module is used for obtaining FRF amplitude spectrum and FRF phase spectrum of the frequency response function according to the vibration data.
According to one embodiment of the application, the modal analysis module comprises a parameter identification module, an ODS analysis module and a vibration type analysis module, wherein the parameter identification module is used for calculating dynamic structure parameters of the measured workpiece according to the modal data source; the ODS analysis module is used for calculating the ODS vibration mode of the tested point in the tested workpiece at the current time according to the time domain data and the frequency domain data in the modal data source, and displaying the corresponding ODS animation through the model animation; the vibration mode analyzing module is used for producing vibration mode animations of modes of each order according to the geometric model and the mode data in the mode data source.
According to one embodiment of the application, the modality verification module is configured to evaluate whether the order modalities are decoupled by a static confidence criterion.
According to another aspect of the present application, the present application further provides a finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement, including the steps of:
automatically acquiring vibration data of a measured point on a measured workpiece in a laser vibration measuring mode;
according to the vibration data, performing time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point to obtain a modal data source;
carrying out modal analysis on the modal data source to obtain required modal parameters; and
verifying whether the obtained modal parameters are reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematic diagram of a laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a three-dimensional geometric model constructed by the finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibrometry according to the above embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an example of raw time-frequency data collected by the laser-vibrometry-based finite element modal analysis verification system according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of excitation and measurement signal models employed by the laser-based finite element modal analysis verification system according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows an example of a frequency response function of a sampling point when the finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement performs data acquisition on a round slice according to the above embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows an example of the first sixth order pole obtained by the laser-based finite element modal analysis verification system for parameter identification according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows an example of ODS model obtained by ODS analysis by the laser vibration measurement-based finite element modal analysis verification system according to the above-described embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 shows an example of a vibration mode animation obtained by performing a vibration mode animation analysis by the finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement according to the above embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 shows an example of a MAC histogram obtained by performing mode verification by the finite element mode analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement according to the above embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 shows an example of a mode shape obtained by finite element mode analysis of the round flakes by ANSYS16.0 software;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart diagram of a finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing one of the steps in the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic flow chart of a second step in the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic flow chart of a third step in the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement according to the above embodiment of the invention.
Description of main reference numerals: 10. a finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement; 11. an upper computer; 12. a laser vibrometer; 120. a measuring light path; 13. an image sensor; 130. an imaging light path; 131. a digital camera; 14. a displacement device; 140. a nano displacement table; 15. a spectroscopic system; 150. an optical prism; 20. a finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement; 21. a laser vibration measuring module; 211. a laser calibration module; 212. a model building module; 213. a laser scanning module; 22. a data analysis module; 221. a time domain analysis module; 222. the frequency response function analysis module; 23. a modal analysis module; 231. a parameter identification module; 232. an ODS analysis module; 233. a vibration mode analysis module; 24. a modality verification module; w, the measured workpiece.
The foregoing general description of the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that when an element is referred to as being "mounted to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or/and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Computing modal time sharing techniques are mainly applied in product development through finite element analysis computing in these aspects: evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the existing structural system; the method comprises the steps of performing estimation and optimization design of the dynamic characteristics of a structure in new product design; diagnosing and forecasting structural system faults; controlling the structure to radiate noise; structural system loads are identified. The mode is taken as the inherent vibration characteristic of the structure, and each order of mode has corresponding inherent frequency, damping ratio and vibration mode. The method calculated from theoretical analysis, typically by finite element analysis, is called finite element modal analysis, also known as computational modal analysis (FRA). Since the unit division, the selection of the calculation method and the calculation result in the finite element analysis process may not be the same as the actual situation, and the modal model of the workpiece cannot be obtained directly by the sensor, the application proposes a method for obtaining the modal parameters by the input and output signals and the induced response of the system through parameter identification through experiments to be used as verification of the finite element modal analysis.
It should be noted that, in the conventional verification method, an acceleration sensor is typically used to attach to a workpiece to be tested at different measurement points. After the sensor data are collected, the collected data are manually input into a self-built geometric model point by point, and a modal model of the workpiece is built through calculation transfer functions and feature recognition. However, when the method is used for measuring small-size male parts, not only can a good measurement effect not be achieved due to the size of the sensor and the additional mass of the sensor, but also the accuracy and the efficiency of the verification process are affected due to the fact that misoperation easily occurs and the efficiency is low in the process of manually inputting data.
In particular, for ultrasonic devices, they generally have dynamic characteristics such as high vibration frequency and small vibration amplitude, and the high-frequency vibration can reach 20MHz. Although the conventional acceleration and force sensor hardly meet the measurement requirements, the laser vibration measuring technology based on Doppler effect can completely meet the measurement requirements of the device due to the unique measurement mechanism, such as the maximum measurement frequency range reaching 2.4 GHz. Therefore, the laser vibration meter is used as a sensor for acquiring data, a set of mode analysis system and method are developed on the basis, and the mode model of the ultrasonic device is acquired through actual measurement, so that the accuracy of finite element mode analysis is verified.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement, which is used for performing verification of finite element modal analysis on a workpiece W to be measured. The finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement can comprise a host computer 11, a laser vibration meter 12, an image sensor 13 and a displacement device 14, wherein the host computer 11 is controllably connected with the laser vibration meter 12, the image sensor 13 and the displacement device 14. The displacement device 14 is controlled by the upper computer 11, and is used for moving the position of the workpiece W to be measured relative to the laser vibration meter 12, so that the laser vibration meter 12 scans the workpiece W to be measured point by point. The laser vibration measuring device 12 is controlled by the upper computer 11 and is used for measuring vibration information of the workpiece W to be measured. The image sensor 13 is controlled by the upper computer 11 and is used for collecting image information of the workpiece W to be tested. The upper computer 11 is used for performing modal model processing on vibration information measured by the laser vibration meter 12 so as to verify the correctness of finite element modal analysis.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application may further include a light splitting system 15, where the light splitting system 15 is correspondingly disposed between the laser vibration meter 12, the image sensor 13 and the displacement device 14, and the light splitting system 15 is configured to make a measurement light path 120 of the laser vibration meter 12 and an imaging light path 130 of the image sensor 13 coaxial, so that the image sensor 13 and the laser vibration meter 12 respectively collect and measure image information and vibration information of the same position on the workpiece W to be measured. It will be appreciated that, for objects W of smaller dimensions and measuring distances, if the image sensor 13 is placed beside the laser vibrometer 12, the image information acquired by the image sensor 13 will be deformed considerably, which is detrimental to calibration and modeling. The finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement achieves coaxiality of the measurement light path 120 and the imaging light path 130 through the light splitting system 15, so that the image sensor 13 can acquire the same image information as the measurement position of the laser vibration meter 12, and accurate calibration and modeling can be performed.
Optionally, the displacement device 14 is configured to carry the workpiece W to drive the workpiece W to move, so as to change a position of the workpiece W relative to the laser vibrometer 12, so that the measuring laser emitted by the laser vibrometer 12 can be propagated to different measuring points on the workpiece W in a point-by-point scanning manner. It may be appreciated that, in other examples of the present application, the displacement device 14 may also be configured to bear to drive the laser vibration meter 12, the image sensor 13, and the spectroscopic system 15 to move integrally, so that the position of the workpiece W to be measured relative to the laser vibration meter 12 may still be changed, and point-by-point scanning of the workpiece W to be measured by the laser vibration meter 12 may be implemented, which is not repeated herein.
It should be noted that, on the one hand, the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application has the problem of additional quality because the laser vibration meter 12 is adopted as a sensor and is not required to be in contact with the workpiece W to be measured; on the other hand, the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application controls the displacement device 14 to move the workpiece W to be measured through the upper computer 11, so that the laser point of the laser vibration meter 12 can scan point by point on the workpiece W to be measured, so that the measured vibration information is automatically stored in the upper computer 11 to integrate the modal models, and the manual point by point data entry is not needed, so that the measurement time is greatly shortened, and the misoperation caused by the manual data entry is also reduced.
According to the above-described embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the spectroscopic system 15 of the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement may be implemented, but is not limited to, as an optical prism 150 for dividing a beam of the echo light reflected back through the workpiece W to be measured into a beam of measurement light propagating to the laser vibration meter 12 and a beam of imaging light propagating to the image sensor 13. In other words, the measuring beam path 120 of the laser vibration meter 12 and the imaging beam path 130 of the image sensor 13 are coaxial by the optical prism 150. It is understood that the optical prism 150 of the present application may be, but is not limited to, a prism implemented as a prism coated with a light splitting film such as a semi-reflective semi-transmissive film or a PBS film; of course, the light splitting system 15 may also be implemented as a light-transmitting substrate plated with a light splitting film, and the like, which will not be described in detail herein.
In addition, the laser vibration meter 12 of the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application may be implemented as, but not limited to, a laser vibration measurement optical device based on a cassegrain system, so that laser and echo light are separated from each other by using the cassegrain system and are not interfered with each other, so that parasitic reflection on an end face caused by a lens is eliminated, so that a detection distance and precision of laser vibration measurement are greatly improved, which is not repeated in the present application.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the displacement device 14 of the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application is implemented as a nano displacement table 140 so as to fine tune the position of the workpiece W to be measured, so that the laser vibration meter 12 can accurately scan the measuring point on the workpiece W to be measured point by point while the density of the measuring point on the workpiece W to be measured is increased.
Optionally, the image sensor 13 of the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application may be implemented as a digital camera, but is not limited to, so as to transmit and store the acquired digital image to the host computer 11 for integration of the modal model.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the host computer 11 of the finite element modal analysis verification platform 10 based on laser vibration measurement is usually operated with modal analysis software, which can control the movement of the displacement device 14 by means of a driver, obtain the vibration information measured by the laser vibration meter 12 and the image information collected by the image sensor 13, and integrate the above information into a modal model through data processing such as built-in model, data collection, parameter identification, etc., so as to perform correctness verification of finite element modal analysis.
It should be noted that according to another aspect of the present application, an embodiment of the present application further provides a finite element mode analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement, which divides mode analysis software into several main modules, such as laser vibration measurement, model building, data acquisition, data analysis, parameter identification, ODS, vibration mode animation, mode verification, and the like, according to the working principle of an experimental mode and the characteristics of laser vibration measurement, and by utilizing the characteristics of laser scanning vibration measurement that can perform automatic mode measurement, so as to verify the correctness of the finite element mode analysis.
In particular, as shown in fig. 2-4, the laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification system 20 of the present application may include a laser vibration measurement module 21, a data analysis module 22, a modal analysis module 23, and a modal verification module 24 that are communicatively connected. The laser vibration measuring module 21 is used for automatically acquiring vibration data of a measured point on a measured workpiece in a laser vibration measuring mode. The data analysis module 22 is configured to perform time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point according to the vibration data from the laser vibration measurement module 21, so as to obtain a modal data source. The modal analysis module 23 is configured to perform modal analysis on the modal data source to obtain required modal parameters. The modality verification module 24 is configured to verify the reliability of the modality parameters.
It should be noted that the laser vibration measuring module 21 may respectively adopt different data processing modes for the test mode analysis and the working mode analysis. The test modal analysis needs to obtain a frequency response function according to the excitation and response signals so as to estimate modal parameters of the tested workpiece, and two different sampling modes of triggering sampling and continuous sampling are preset according to different excitation modes (such as a hammering method or an excitation method). And the working mode analysis only needs to measure the response signal of the measured workpiece and estimate the mode parameters according to the self-correlation and the self-cross spectrum curve.
In addition, the structure digital model of the measured workpiece can be discretized, and the dynamic characteristic of the structure digital model can be represented by an N-order matrix differential equation (1):
wherein f (t) is an N-dimensional column vector;
x is N-dimensional acceleration, speed and displacement vector respectively; m, C, K are the mass matrix, damping matrix and stiffness matrix of the system structure, respectively. It is understood that M, C, K is a real symmetric matrix of order N under normal conditions.
After the Laplace transformation, the following formula (2) can be obtained:
[Ms 2 +Cs+k]X (S) ＝Z(s)X(s)＝F(s) (2)
wherein Z(s) = [ Ms ] 2 +Cs+k]Can represent the dynamic characteristics of the system and define H(s) as its inverse matrix as follows (3):
H(s) is a transfer function matrix, that is: x(s) =h(s) F(s).
At this time, if s=jw, the relation between the input and response of the system in the frequency domain can be obtained from the transfer function matrix described above: x (w) =h (w) F (w).
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the laser vibration measuring module 21 of the present application may include a laser calibration module 211, a model creation module 212, and a laser scanning module 213. The laser calibration module 211 is used for calibrating the laser vibration meter and the image sensor, so that laser points of the laser vibration meter correspond to pixel points in the image of the measured workpiece acquired by the image sensor one by one. The model building module 212 is configured to build a three-dimensional geometric model according to the coordinates of the points and the point-line surface setting of the sub-structure. The laser scanning module 213 is configured to control a displacement device carrying the workpiece to be measured to move, so that the laser vibration meter scans vibration information of all measurement points in the three-dimensional geometric model point by point, so as to obtain the vibration data.
It should be noted that the laser vibration measuring module 21 of the present application is mainly used for performing laser calibration and scanning, and is mainly divided into three main steps of calibration, modeling and scanning. The laser vibration measuring module 21 can acquire a digital image of a target through a hardware abstraction layer provided by a vibration measuring system, control lens focusing of a laser vibration measuring instrument and drive the action of a scanning vibrating mirror. In particular, before using the modeling and scanning functions, calibration work needs to be performed first, so that pixel points on the digital image and scanning light spots can be in one-to-one correspondence. According to the test requirements of different workpieces, the model can be built in a rectangular, circular, multi-deformation and special-shaped point distribution mode.
Illustratively, the laser calibration module 211 may have functions of scan switching, laser head or pixel movement, laser focusing, camera zoom, calibration point setting, laser intensity status display, etc. Firstly, the purpose of controlling the device can be achieved by selecting the serial number of the laser scanning device; secondly, through a camera zoom function, a proper camera display range can be adjusted; finally, software usually defaults to four alignment points, requiring four alignments to complete the calibration: the four alignment points can be dragged to be within the range of the workpiece to be tested, the moving step length of the laser head is set, the laser beams are moved to each alignment point respectively, fine adjustment can be carried out by changing the moving step length value of the laser head or moving the pixel points, so that the laser beams are aligned with the alignment points accurately, the alignment of the four alignment points is sequentially completed, and the calibration work of the single-point laser head is completed. It will be appreciated that if the workpiece to be tested is not on the same plane, the manner of adding the regions may be selected, focusing in the added regions first, and then completing the alignment of the four alignment points.
As shown in fig. 3, the three-dimensional geometric model created by the model creation module 212 is generally composed of model type, model parameters, model name, and coordinates of measurement points. The model types may include points, lines, rectangles, circles, concentric circles, polygons, and the like. The model parameters can then be used to define the number of points of the built model in the X and Y directions. The measurement point coordinates generally refer to the three-dimensional coordinates of each measurement point in the model being built. For example, when a point model is built, the cursor is only required to be moved to a position needing to be modeled and a left key is clicked to finish the process; or when the line model is built, the starting point and the final dead point need to be clicked by using a cursor, and the line model is finished by determining the number of measuring points. It will be appreciated that after the various desired types of model creation are completed, the merging sub-structure may be selected to merge the various types of models into the three-dimensional geometric model.
Before data collection, the laser scanning module 213 may test whether the parameters of the current channel configuration meet the requirements, if so, the data collection may be performed, and if not, the oscillography may be stopped and the parameters may be reconfigured until the requirements are met. It is understood that the parameters configured in the laser scanning module 213 of the laser vibration measuring module 21 may include, but are not limited to, sampling frequency, spectral line number, frequency resolution, and overlapping rate.
Preferably, the laser scanning module 213 performs a pre-scan before performing a fast scan. It can be understood that, when the laser scanning module 213 performs the point-by-point focusing scanning, the laser scanning module 213 needs to perform focusing once when controlling each measuring point scanned by the laser vibration meter, which requires a relatively long time; if the laser scanning module 213 performs a pre-scan to find the focal length of each measurement point before performing a fast scan, the scanning speed can be increased while the focal length is ensured.
According to the above embodiment of the present application, the data analysis module 22 may perform time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point through the externally imported data in addition to the vibration data from the laser vibration measuring module 21, and may provide data for the following modal parameter identification and ODS analysis.
It is noted that, as shown in fig. 5, taking the frequency response function of the workpiece to be measured as a matrix [ H (k) ] as an example, where { X (k) } and { Y (k) } represent the frequency spectrums of the excitation signal and the measurement signal, respectively; ni (k) and No (k) represent excitation noise and measurement noise, respectively.
Since the frequency response function may be affected by excitation noise or measurement noise during actual measurement, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the frequency response function using a coherence function, and the specific evaluation formula is as follows (4):
wherein: gamma ray xy (k) Is the magnitude of the coherence function; s is S xx (k) Is the self-power spectrum mean value of the excitation signal; s is S yy (k) Is the self-power spectrum mean value of the measurement signal; s is S xy (k) Is the average value of the cross-power spectrum between the excitation and the measurement actually measured by the system.
It will be appreciated that in general, the magnitude of the coherence function is between 0 and 1, wherein when the magnitude of the coherence function approaches 1, it is stated that the response of the measurement signal is mainly caused by excitation; when the amplitude of the coherence function is close to 0, it indicates that the noise of the system is relatively large or there is a signal which is not measured, and the problem that the workpiece has nonlinear characteristics or the signal delay is too large is also possible.
In addition, the frequency response function of each measuring point outputs amplitude and phase spectrum at the same time after calculating normally.
Illustratively, the finite element modal analysis verification system 20 based on laser vibration measurement of the present application uses piezoelectric ceramics to perform sweep excitation of 0-20 kHz on a round slice, so that the frequency response function of a sampling point in the workpiece is shown in fig. 6.
Specifically, the main function of the data analysis module 22 is to perform measurement point and direction editing, time-frequency analysis, frequency response function estimation and analysis, etc. on the data which has been tested or externally imported, so as to provide a reliable modal data source for the following modal parameter identification and ODS analysis.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the data analysis module 22 may include a time domain analysis module 221 and a frequency response function analysis module 222, where the time domain analysis module 221 is configured to automatically identify a sampling frequency, a start time and a time interval of the vibration data, so as to obtain a data time domain and frequency domain curve corresponding to the vibration data; and the frequency response function analysis module 222 is configured to obtain an FRF amplitude spectrum and an FRF phase spectrum of the frequency response function as the modal data sources.
It should be noted that, since the primary purpose of the modal analysis module 23 in the present application is to obtain dynamic structural parameters, i.e. modal parameters, which may include natural frequencies, damping ratios, and vibration modes, the most important task is to identify the modal parameters first after obtaining the modal data source.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the modal analysis module 23 may include a parameter identification module 231 configured to calculate a dynamic structural parameter of the workpiece under test according to the modal data source. It will be appreciated that the parameter identification module 231 may respectively adopt different data processing methods according to the test mode and the working mode.
Illustratively, in the parameter identification module 231, the parameter identification methods are divided into two main categories: force measurement (EMA) and force measurement (OMA). The former is divided into two methods, namely a frequency domain method and a time domain method, wherein the frequency domain method is mainly FDPI, and the time domain method is LSCE. The latter is mainly referred to as SSI (random subspace). It will be appreciated that different parameter identification methods generally correspond to different imported data files: when the identification method selects FDPI and LSCE, only a frequency response function can be selected for analysis; when the identification method selects SSI, the corresponding data type is time domain, that is, the identification method and the data type are in one-to-one correspondence. For example, the first sixth order pole of the above-mentioned excited circular thin sheet at a certain measurement point is shown in fig. 7.
Notably, as shown in FIG. 8, the work deformation analysis (ODS) is an important component of the modal analysis, which can help analyze the true motion state of the structure or system at any time, and it reflects the change in the relative position of each sample point in the excited state. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the mode analysis module 23 may further include an ODS analysis module 232, configured to calculate an ODS vibration mode of the measured point in the measured workpiece at the current time according to the time domain data and the frequency domain data in the mode data source, and display a corresponding ODS animation through a model animation.
In addition, the vibration mode is taken as an important parameter of the structural mode, each mode corresponds to an independent vibration mode, and by observing the vibration mode, a region with weak structural rigidity can be found, and a corresponding structural optimization design thought is provided. In general, as shown in FIG. 9, the mode shapes need to be visually presented in animated form. In particular, the mode analysis module 23 may further include a mode shape analysis module 233 for generating a mode shape animation of each order mode from the geometric model and the mode data in the mode data source.
According to the above embodiment of the present application, after the modal analysis results such as the modal parameters, the ODS animation, and the mode shape animation are obtained by the modal analysis module 23, the modal verification module 24 is configured to evaluate whether the modes of each order are decoupled by a static confidence criterion (MAC) to verify whether the results of the modal analysis are reliable. For example, the modality verification module 24 may draw a histogram as shown in fig. 10 according to static confidence criteria.
Thus, it is apparent from the histogram that the FMAC values of the two vectors of the same mode are 1, and the FMAC values of the fifth and second steps and the fifth and sixth steps are slightly higher, substantially about 0.2. Meanwhile, the values of the two vectors FMAC of other mode shapes in the icon are basically below 0.1, so that the mode model established by the measurement result is reliable.
In addition, after finite element modal analysis is performed on the excited round thin sheet in ANSYS16.0 software, the mode shape is obtained, see fig. 11, and it can be seen that the mode shape is compared with the vibration shape obtained by the finite element modal analysis verification system 20 based on laser vibration measurement in the present application: the mode shape is substantially identical and the simulation is substantially identical to the measured structure.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 12, one embodiment of the present application further provides a finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement, which may include the steps of:
s100: automatically acquiring vibration data of a measured point on a measured workpiece in a laser vibration measuring mode;
s200: according to the vibration data, performing time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point to obtain a modal data source;
s300: carrying out modal analysis on the modal data source to obtain required modal parameters; and
s400: verifying whether the obtained modal parameters are reliable.
It should be noted that, in one example of the present application, as shown in fig. 13, the step S100 of the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement may include the steps of:
s110: calibrating a laser vibration meter and an image sensor so that laser points of the laser vibration meter correspond to pixel points in an image of a measured workpiece acquired by the image sensor one by one;
S120: according to the coordinates of the points, the point line and the plane of the substructure are combined to construct a three-dimensional geometric model; and
s130, controlling a displacement device carrying the measured workpiece to move so that the laser vibration meter scans vibration information of all measuring points in the three-dimensional geometric model point by point to obtain vibration data.
In one example of the present application, as shown in fig. 14, the step S200 of the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement may include the steps of:
s210: automatically identifying the sampling frequency, the starting time and the time interval of the vibration data to obtain a data time domain and frequency domain curve corresponding to the vibration data; and
s220: from the vibration data, an FRF amplitude spectrum and an FRF phase spectrum of the frequency response function are obtained.
In one example of the present application, as shown in fig. 15, the step S300 of the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement may include the steps of:
s310: calculating dynamic structural parameters of the tested workpiece according to the modal data source;
s320: according to the time domain data and the frequency domain data in the modal data source, calculating the ODS vibration mode of the measured point in the measured workpiece at the current time, and displaying the corresponding ODS animation through the model animation; and
S330: and producing the vibration mode animation of each-order mode according to the geometric model and the mode data in the mode data source.
In one example of the present application, the step S400 of the finite element modal analysis verification method based on laser vibration measurement may include the steps of: whether the modes of each order are decoupled is evaluated through a static confidence criterion so as to verify whether the obtained mode parameters are reliable.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. The finite element modal analysis verification platform based on the laser vibration measurement is used for verifying finite element modal analysis of a tested workpiece and is characterized by comprising the following components:
an upper computer;
the laser vibration meter is controlled by the upper computer and is used for measuring vibration information of the measured workpiece;
the image sensor is controlled by the upper computer and is used for collecting image information of the tested workpiece; and
the displacement device is controlled by the upper computer and is used for moving the position of the tested workpiece relative to the laser vibration meter so as to enable the laser vibration meter to scan the tested workpiece point by point; the upper computer is used for carrying out modal model processing on vibration information measured by the laser vibration meter so as to verify the correctness of finite element modal analysis.
2. The laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification platform of claim 1, further comprising a light splitting system, wherein the light splitting system is disposed between the laser vibration meter, the image sensor and the displacement device, respectively, and the light splitting system is configured to coaxially align a measurement light path of the laser vibration meter with an imaging light path of the image sensor.
3. The laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification platform of claim 2, wherein the beam splitting system is an optical prism for splitting a path of return light reflected back through the workpiece under test into a path of measurement light propagating to the laser vibration meter and a path of imaging light propagating to the image sensor.
4. A finite element modal analysis verification platform based on laser vibration measurement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the displacement device is a nano displacement platform for bearing the workpiece to be measured, so as to drive the workpiece to be measured to move under the control of the upper computer, and the laser vibration meter scans the measured point on the workpiece to be measured point by point.
5. The laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification platform of claim 4, wherein the image sensor is a digital camera.
6. A finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement, comprising:
the laser vibration measuring module is used for automatically acquiring vibration data of a measured point on the measured workpiece in a laser vibration measuring mode;
the data analysis module is used for carrying out time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point according to the vibration data from the laser vibration measurement module so as to obtain a modal data source;
The modal analysis module is used for carrying out modal analysis on the modal data source from the data analysis module so as to obtain required modal parameters; and
and the mode verification module is used for verifying whether the mode parameters obtained by the mode analysis module are reliable.
7. The finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement as set forth in claim 6, wherein the laser vibration measurement module includes a laser calibration module, a model building module and a laser scanning module which are in communication connection, wherein the laser calibration module is used for calibrating a laser vibration meter and an image sensor so that laser points of the laser vibration meter correspond to pixel points in an image of a workpiece to be measured acquired via the image sensor one by one; the mode establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model according to the coordinates of the points and the point line and plane setting of the combined substructure; the laser scanning module is used for controlling the displacement device carrying the measured workpiece to move so as to enable the laser vibration meter to scan vibration information of all measuring points in the three-dimensional geometric model point by point to obtain vibration data.
8. The finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the data analysis module adopts a coherence function to evaluate the quality of the frequency response function, and a specific evaluation formula is as follows:
Wherein: gamma ray xy (k) Is the magnitude of the coherence function; s is S xx (k) Is the self-power spectrum mean value of the excitation signal; s is S yy (k) Is the self-power spectrum mean value of the measurement signal; s is S xy (k) Is the average value of the cross-power spectrum between the excitation and the measurement actually measured by the system.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the data analysis module comprises a time domain analysis module and a frequency response function analysis module, wherein the time domain analysis module is configured to automatically identify a sampling frequency, a start time, and a time interval of the vibration data to obtain a data time domain and frequency domain curve corresponding to the vibration data; the frequency response function analysis module is used for obtaining FRF amplitude spectrum and FRF phase spectrum of the frequency response function according to the vibration data.
10. The finite element modal analysis verification system based on laser vibration measurement as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the modal analysis module comprises a parameter identification module, an ODS analysis module and a vibration mode analysis module, wherein the parameter identification module is used for calculating dynamic structural parameters of the workpiece to be measured according to the modal data source; the ODS analysis module is used for calculating the ODS vibration mode of the measured point in the measured workpiece at the current time according to the time domain data and the frequency domain data in the modal data source, and displaying the corresponding ODS animation through the model animation; the vibration mode analyzing module is used for producing vibration mode animations of modes of each order according to the geometric model and the mode data in the mode data source.
11. The laser vibration measurement based finite element modal analysis verification system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the modal verification module is configured to evaluate whether each order of the modalities is decoupled by static confidence criteria.
12. The finite element modal analysis and verification method based on laser vibration measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
automatically acquiring vibration data of a measured point on a measured workpiece in a laser vibration measuring mode;
according to the vibration data, performing time-frequency analysis and frequency response function analysis on the measured point to obtain a modal data source;
carrying out modal analysis on the modal data source to obtain required modal parameters; and
verifying whether the obtained modal parameters are reliable.
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