CN107796718A - Brineling system and method - Google Patents
Brineling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107796718A CN107796718A CN201710955016.1A CN201710955016A CN107796718A CN 107796718 A CN107796718 A CN 107796718A CN 201710955016 A CN201710955016 A CN 201710955016A CN 107796718 A CN107796718 A CN 107796718A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013502 data validation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 101100327917 Caenorhabditis elegans chup-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0078—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing using indentation
- G01N2203/008—Residual indentation measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of brineling system and method, including light scanning unit, graphics processing unit, data processing unit and result display unit；Light scanning unit includes finishing tool projection module, micro-imaging module and image capture module, finishing tool projection module generation standard line source；Micro-imaging module is used to gather the Light knife image signal for scanning impression in real time；Image capture module is used for the digital picture that the picture signal gathered in real time is changed into computer and can handled；Graphics processing unit obtains the depth and diameter of impression for handling digital image data；Data processing unit is used for the depth of impression obtained to graphics processing unit and the data of diameter are verified.Instant invention overcomes existing measuring method to be easily introduced the problems such as human error, operating efficiency be low, and the present invention is using brineling result is accurate, easy to operate, operating efficiency is high, human error is small, reliability is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of brineling system and method, more particularly to a kind of utilize contactless optics three
Non-contact scanning of the contour scanning technique realization to impression, real-time testing impression diameter and depth are tieed up, it is hard so as to obtain Bu Shi
The system and method for degree.
Background technology
The test principle of Brinell hardness is the test force F (N) (unit of power is usually kgf) with a certain size, diameter
For D (mm) the tested metallic surface of sintered carbide ball press-in, removal test force after the stipulated time is kept, impression is measured and is averaged
Diameter d (mm), required depth h (mm) is calculated according to impression average diameter d (mm), then calculate Chu Bushi by formula (1)
Hardness HB values；Or Brinell hardness HB values are found from Brinell hardness table according to impression average diameter d (mm).
Ball hardness number HB be test force divided by business obtained by spherical indentation surface area multiplied by with 0.102 i.e.：
In formula：F- test forces, N；
The S- areas of indentation, mm2；
H- depths of cup, mm.
In actual tests, because depth of cup h measures relatively difficult, and it is more convenient to measure impression diameter d, therefore will
H in above formula is converted into d relation.Such as the graph of a relation that Fig. 1 is impression diameter d and depth h, right angled triangle OAB can from figure
To find out：
(2) formula is brought into (1) formula to obtain：
It is variable there was only d in formula (3), can be by calculating or looking into Brinell figure as long as measuring impression diameter d during experiment
Value table can draw Brinell hardness HB values.
As can be seen here, the measurement of Brinell is to obtain Brinell hardness numerical value indirectly with linear measure longimetry.It is more normal at present
The measuring method seen has following several：
Tool microscope method：The method measurement impression is very accurate, but measuring apparatus is huge, complex operation, measures impression
Ball hardness number can just be drawn by being tabled look-up after diameter value, and the selection of the surface quality of material to impression diameter can produce certain artificial
Error, operating efficiency is low, can not realize scene, at a high speed, efficiently measure.
Reading microscope method：The method measuring apparatus is simple, simple operation, but measurement result can be by measured material surface
The factors such as quality, live light source, tester's personal choice diameter and personal visual angle influence, and it is hard can not equally to immediately arrive at Bu Shi
Angle value (need to table look-up and try to achieve), can not realize accurate, measurement at a high speed.
Early stage digital image-forming measuring method：The ball hardness number of impression measurement can be directly read, but is similarly subjected to be measured and monitored the growth of standing timber
Expect surface quality difference, light conditions, impression diameter are chosen, image taking speed is slow, the conditions such as equipment volume is big limitation, can not be complete
Realize accurate, efficient, measurement at a high speed.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned measuring method to be easily introduced, human error, operating efficiency are low, reliability is low etc. that problem, the present invention carry
A kind of method for brineling system and using the systematic survey Brinell, using brineling system
Measure Brinell method measurement result it is accurate, easy to operate, operating efficiency is high, human error is small, reliability is high.
The technical scheme is that providing a kind of brineling system, it is characterized in that：Swept including optics
Retouch unit, graphics processing unit, data processing unit and result display unit；Above-mentioned light scanning unit includes finishing tool projective module
Block, micro-imaging module and image capture module, above-mentioned finishing tool projection module generation standard line source are used to scan impression；It is above-mentioned
Micro-imaging module is mainly used in gathering the Light knife image signal for scanning impression in real time；Above-mentioned image capture module is mainly used in
The picture signal gathered in real time is changed into the digital picture that computer can handle；Above-mentioned graphics processing unit is used to handle number
Word view data obtains the depth and diameter of impression；Above-mentioned data processing unit is used for the impression obtained to graphics processing unit
Depth and the data of diameter are verified；The above results display unit be used for show hardness number, while show impression depth and
Diameter data.
The present invention also provides a kind of method based on above-mentioned brineling system testing Brinell hardness, including following step
Suddenly：
First, parameter setting
Setting indentation parameters and finishing tool (standard line source) parameter, the indentation parameters include pressure head diameter and test force
Value；
2nd, impression aims at
Impression plane is positioned over to the finishing tool scanning survey region of finishing tool projection module in light scanning unit；
3rd, finishing tool scanning imagery, three-dimensional appearance is rebuild
1) the finishing tool projection module in light scanning unit, the normal line light source scanning pressure of finishing tool projection module generation are started
Trace, adjust finishing tool projection module, it is ensured that the scanning finishing tool projection of finishing tool projection module is that standard line source being capable of scanned impression；
2) micro-imaging module is started, micro-imaging module gathers the whole scanning of finishing tool projection module scanning impression in real time
During impression scan image signal；
3) the impression scan image that image capture module forms the line source with indentation surface information gathered in real time
Signal changes into digital picture；
4) graphics processing unit combination finishing tool parameter and the digital picture of impression, impression three-dimensional appearance is rebuild；
4th, ball hardness number is obtained according to depth of cup
1) graphics processing unit calculates the depth and impression diameter of impression according to impression three-dimensional appearance；
2) depth of cup and diameter measurements are converted into ball hardness number and shown by result single by data processing unit
Member display.
Preferably, 4) it is specially in above-mentioned steps three：
Graphics processing unit compared with standard line source, realizes the digital picture of impression using optical triangulation principle
The calculating of indentation surface information；According to result of calculation, the reconstruction of indentation surface pattern is completed with reference to computer graphics.
When standard line source irradiates impression, standard line source occurs have difference with standard type due to scanning indentation surface
Change, now, the line source after change has carried the surface information of impression, and micro imaging system collection be change after
Line source with indentation surface information；Standard line source and the line source after change are contrasted, surveyed using optical triangulation
It is that the calculating of indentation surface information can be achieved to measure principle；According to result of calculation, cloud data is generated with reference to computer graphics, it is complete
Into the reconstruction of indentation surface pattern；Computer disposal method is used on the basis of 3-D graphic is rebuild, calculates impression diameter, it is deep
Degree；
Preferably, in order to improve accuracy of measurement, this method also includes data validation process, is specially：
Data processing unit combination pressure head diameter and experiment force value, the depth of the impression obtained to graphics processing unit and straight
The data in footpath are verified.
Preferably, in order to further ensure the accuracy of measurement result, this method graphics processing unit is according to impression
Three-dimensional appearance can repeatedly calculate impression depth and diameter after average.
Depth of cup and diameter are measured on the basis of the three-dimensional appearance that impression is established by optical scanning method
Arrive, as long as the three-dimensional appearance that can smoothly set up impression can complete the depth and diameter measurement of impression.Can repeatedly it build
Vertical impression three-dimensional appearance obtains the pattern depth of cup established each time and diameter, (so that one angle of impression Plane Rotation is again
Secondary pattern depth of cup and the diameter for carrying out establishing that the acquisition of impression three-dimensional appearance is established each time, it is i.e. available to rotate multiple angles
The multiple three-dimensional appearance of impression obtains, and obtains multiple depth of cup and diameter) depth of cup that obtains every time and diameter be required for into
Row is mutually authenticated, and is verified formula (2) progress, rejects the exceptional value introduced due to maloperation, virtual value is averaged, then
High-precision result is realized by way of average value.
The impression three-dimensional appearance of the present invention rebuilds principle：
The more emerging technology of impression three-dimensional appearance reconstruction application is measuring three-dimensional profile technology.The original substantially of the technology
Reason is the principle by optic triangle method, and small three-dimensional is realized with reference to finishing tool projection, micro-imaging and digital image processing algorithm
The reconstruction of profile.
Finishing tool scanning survey principle of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3：
The a branch of projection finishing tool (standard line source) of projecting apparatus (normal line light sources project system 1) generation, and be projected to tested
Body surface, due to the height change of testee, structure light can pass through the micro-imaging of micro optical system 2 to change
Imaging of the camera lens on camera focal plane 3 also can realize the knowledge of image planes characteristics of image by image processing algorithm from being moved to
Not, so as to realize the reconstruction of testee height, the moving sweep of testee is coordinated, you can obtain the three of whole testee
Profile construction is tieed up, its height △ reconstruction is as shown in formula formula 4.
D in formula0For the distance between camera optics center to reference planes M；d1For camera optics center to normal line
The distance between light source center；δ is imaging size of the standard line source after body surface reflects；θ is camera optical axis and line
Angle between light source optical axis；Δ is that object height is exactly depth of cup；
The three-dimensional reconstruction of impression is realized, can be realized and surveyed using computer auxiliaring means (cad technique) in the case where rebuilding environment
Amount, completes the diameter to impression, depth survey.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the non-contact scanning to impression is realized by contactless optical three-dimensional contour e measurement technology, and can be real
When test is completed to impression diameter, depth, avoid the multiple measurement to impression, improve measurement efficiency；
2nd, reconstruction precision can be improved by changing the micro optical system in micro-imaging module in real time and measured sensitive
Degree, so as to improve measurement accuracy；
3rd, reaction impression feature that can be more definite and clear, especially depth and bore (diameter) information；
4th, (both be able to can mutually derive by the diameter of hard alloy ball) is mutually authenticated in both depth and diameter,
Ensure the accuracy of measurement result；Influenceed if any abnormal factorses, both depth that tri-dimensional facial type obtains and diameter can not be tested mutually
Card, can be with the invalid measurement of automatic rejection；
5th, human input has been liberated completely, and impression, which prepares to finish, can enter test, and overall process realizes automation；
6th, the inventive method is relatively shown in Table 1 with several traditional Brinell measuring method advantage and disadvantage；
The comparison of the traditional Brinell measuring method of table 1 and finishing tool method advantage and disadvantage of the present invention
7th, the hardness number drawn by the inventive method can be used for measurement verification of the standard block of hardness to Brinell's machine
With calibration；The hardness number of Brinell's machine measurement measured material can also be used for the hardness number that the inventive method is drawn；
8th, during measuring hardness number by the inventive method, while can be to the product of measured material by surface imaging
Matter measures analysis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is impression diameter d and depth h graph of a relation；
Fig. 2 is brineling System Working Principle figure；
Fig. 3 is finishing tool scanning survey schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 rebuilds impression three-dimensional appearance flow chart to restore；
Fig. 5 is impression diameter data processing schematic diagram.
Reference is in figure：1- testees, 2- micro-imaging camera lenses, 3-CCD image planes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
The present embodiment system includes light scanning unit, graphics processing unit, data processing unit and result display unit.
Wherein light scanning unit includes finishing tool projection module, micro-imaging module and image capture module, the generation of finishing tool projection module
Line source is used to scan impression；Micro-imaging module is mainly used in gathering the finishing tool for scanning impression in real time；Image capture module
For the picture signal gathered in real time to be changed into the digital picture that computer can handle；Graphics processing unit is mainly by programming
The image processing software of control is formed, with reference to input the view data that is obtained with scanning of finishing tool parameter obtain impression depth and
Diameter；The impression that data processing unit obtains mainly in conjunction with the pressure head diameter and experiment force value of input to graphics processing unit
Depth, the data of diameter are verified, after both are mutually authenticated, it can be ensured that measurement data is errorless, is combined by the depth of impression
The pressure head diameter and experiment force value of input can obtain final measurement result hardness number；As a result display unit is exactly to pass through liquid crystal
Display screen is shown the hardness number of measurement result, while can show the data such as depth and the impression diameter of impression.
When the system works, with following program work (as shown in Figure 2)：
A. parameter setting
With reference to GBT231《Brinell hardness test》File relevant regulations setup parameter, pressure head diameter parameter, test force are set
Value parameter and finishing tool parameter etc..
B. impression aims at
Impression plane is positioned over to the measured zone of the measurement head (finishing tool scanning) of light scanning unit.
C. finishing tool scanning imagery, three-dimensional appearance (Fig. 4) is rebuild
1) the finishing tool projection module in light scanning unit, the normal line light source scanning pressure of finishing tool projection module generation are started
Trace, adjust finishing tool projection module, it is ensured that the scanning finishing tool projection (standard line source) of finishing tool projection module being capable of scanned impression；
2) micro imaging system is started, micro imaging system gathers the whole scanned of finishing tool projection scanning impression in real time
Journey；
Surface generation and standard type differentiated situation of the line source because of impression when standard line source irradiates impression, this
When, the line source after change has carried the surface information of impression, and micro imaging system collection is that change carries impression afterwards
The line source of surface information；
Image capture module changes into the impression scan image signal gathered in real time the digitized map that computer can handle
Picture；
3) graphics processing unit is contrasted according to standard line source and situation after change, using optical triangulation principle
I.e. formula 1 can realize the calculating of indentation surface information, and impression three-dimensional appearance is rebuild using computer graphics.
D. the depth and diameter of impression are repeatedly automatically derived according to impression three-dimensional appearance.
E., obtained depth and diameter be mutually authenticated to (both be able to can mutually be pushed away by the diameter of hard alloy ball
Lead), influenceed if any abnormal factorses, both depth that tri-dimensional facial type obtains and diameter can not be mutually authenticated, can with automatic rejection without
Effect measurement (such as Fig. 5), ball hardness number is calculated by the depth of cup by checking, measurement result is relatively reliable.
F. depth of cup and diameter measurements are converted into ball hardness number and exported.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. brineling system, it is characterised in that：Including light scanning unit, graphics processing unit, data processing Unit and result display unit；The light scanning unit includes finishing tool projection module, micro-imaging module and image capture module, the finishing tool projection Module generation standard line source is used to scan impression；The micro-imaging module is mainly used in believing the Light knife image for scanning impression Number in real time collection；Described image acquisition module is mainly used in the picture signal gathered in real time to change into what computer can be handled Digital picture；Described image processing unit obtains the depth and diameter of impression for handling digital image data；The data processing unit is used for the depth of impression obtained to graphics processing unit and the data of diameter are verified, and Ball hardness number is calculated for the depth according to impression and diameter；The result display unit is used to show ball hardness number, while shows the depth and diameter data of impression.
- A kind of 2. method of the brineling system testing Brinell hardness based on described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bag Include following steps：First, parameter settingIndentation parameters and finishing tool parameter are set, the indentation parameters include pressure head diameter and experiment force value；2nd, impression aims atImpression plane is positioned over to the finishing tool scanning survey region of finishing tool projection module in light scanning unit；3rd, finishing tool scanning imagery, three-dimensional appearance is rebuild1) the finishing tool projection module in startup light scanning unit, the normal line light source scanning impression of finishing tool projection module generation, Adjust finishing tool projection module, it is ensured that the scanning finishing tool projection of finishing tool projection module is that standard line source being capable of scanned impression；2) micro-imaging module is started, micro-imaging module gathers the whole scanning process of finishing tool projection module scanning impression in real time In impression scan image signal；3) the impression scan image signal that image capture module forms the line source with indentation surface information gathered in real time Change into digital picture；4) graphics processing unit combination finishing tool parameter and the digital picture of impression, impression three-dimensional appearance is rebuild；4th, ball hardness number is obtained according to depth of cup1) graphics processing unit calculates the depth and impression diameter of impression according to impression three-dimensional appearance；2) depth of cup and diameter measurements are converted into ball hardness number and shown by result display unit by data processing unit Show.
- 3. measurement method for Brinell hardness according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：4) it is specially in the step 3：The digital picture of impression compared with standard line source, impression is realized using optical triangulation principle by graphics processing unit The calculating of surface information；According to result of calculation, the reconstruction of indentation surface pattern is completed with reference to computer graphics.
- 4. measurement method for Brinell hardness according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Also include data validation process, specifically For：Data processing unit combination pressure head diameter and experiment force value, the depth of the impression obtained to graphics processing unit and diameter Data are mutually authenticated.
- 5. measurement method for Brinell hardness according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Graphics processing unit is three-dimensional according to impression Averaged after the depth and diameter of pattern Multiple-Scan calculating impression.
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| CN110455614A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-11-15 | 重庆菲昊科技有限责任公司 | A kind of new material rigidity detection device |
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| EP3671178A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-24 | SSAB Technology AB | Test system and method for measuring and calculating hardness of material |
| CN113436214A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-24 | 山东大学 | Brinell hardness indentation circle measuring method and system and computer readable storage medium |
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| CN113436214A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-24 | 山东大学 | Brinell hardness indentation circle measuring method and system and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113702232A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-26 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Full-automatic Brinell indentation measurement system calibration method based on hardness method |
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