CN116336828A

CN116336828A - Mixed condenser

Info

Publication number: CN116336828A
Application number: CN202111584483.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗勇; 刘执彬; 冯启凤; 周朝刚; 陈琦; 贾如志; 杨晓; 杨学萍
Original assignee: Zhonghao Chenguang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhonghao Chenguang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-22
Filing date: 2021-12-22
Publication date: 2023-06-27

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of condensers, and discloses a hybrid condenser, which comprises: the bottom of the tank body is conical, a steam inlet is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and steam obliquely enters the tank body from the steam inlet; the throat pipe is connected to the bottom of the tank body; the water outlet pipe is connected with the throat in a smooth way; the nozzle seat is arranged in the tank body and above the steam inlet, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the nozzle seat, liquid sprayed out of all the nozzles is focused on a focus, and the focus is positioned at the throat. The water flow with certain pressure is sprayed downwards through the nozzle and is polymerized on a focus at the throat, and the water flow, the conical bottom of the tank body, the throat and the water outlet pipe form a hydraulic ejector together. Under the action of the air suction of the hydraulic ejector, the residence time of the secondary steam at the bottom and the contact area with water flow are increased, so that a large amount of secondary steam is quickly condensed at the position.

Description

Mixed condenser

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of condensers, and particularly relates to a hybrid condenser.

Background

The evaporation is a unit operation process of evaporating and removing part of the solvent by heating so as to concentrate and even crystallize the solution. The evaporation operation is widely used for concentrating various water solutions containing non-volatile substances, and is a common unit operation in the industries of chemical industry, medicine, salt making and the like. The method can be divided into single-effect evaporation and multi-effect evaporation according to the utilization condition of the secondary steam, and the latent heat of the secondary steam is fully utilized in the multi-effect evaporation, so that the utilization rate of heating steam is improved. And multiple effect vacuum evaporation has many advantages: (1) The low-pressure steam is used as a heating source, so that the energy utilization rate is high; (2) Operating at low pressure, the boiling point of the solution is lower, which is beneficial to improving the heat transfer temperature difference of evaporation; (3) facilitating the evaporation of heat sensitive materials; (4) low operating temperature and less heat loss. The energy consumption cost in the industries of caustic soda, mirabilite, vacuum salt making, sugar making and the like is up to more than 50%, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction are the break of the development of enterprises, so that most enterprises adopt a multi-effect evaporation system to perform evaporation, concentration and crystallization.

The front effect of multi-effect evaporation is pressurized or normal pressure operation, while the back effect is operated under vacuum. Vacuum systems are very important for multiple effect evaporation. In the multi-effect evaporation concentration process, vacuum is the driving force of heat transfer, the degree of final effect vacuum is closely related to the relative production strength, and the production strength is rapidly increased along with the improvement of the final effect vacuum. Therefore, maintaining a high final vacuum level has been a key to energy conservation in multiple-effect evaporation systems. The vacuum system mainly condenses vapor evaporated by the last effect through a refrigerant to generate vacuum. The refrigerant typically condenses the vapor by circulating water in a manner such as direct contact condensation and partition condensation. A hybrid condenser is generally employed as a device for condensing steam in direct contact, and a surface condenser is employed as a device for dividing wall condensation. The mixed condenser has the advantages of high gas-liquid direct contact, high heat transfer coefficient, good heat transfer effect, simple equipment structure, certain installation height requirement, insufficient recovery of condensed water caused by the fact that part of condensed water enters the circulating water cooling tower along with circulating water, and high operation and maintenance cost if the impurities in the water are more, the components are complex and the circulating water is possibly polluted, and the equipment is more in quantity. The surface condenser has the advantages of low heat transfer coefficient, high investment and relatively complex manufacture, but the surface condenser system occupies small space and has low operation cost, condensed water can be fully recovered, and the water quality of circulating water is not influenced.

Because of the contact between steam and water, the hybrid condenser is generally used under the working condition of allowing two phases to contact, and the industry such as vacuum salt production, nitrate production, caustic soda production and the like commonly adopts the condenser. The hybrid condenser is in contact with the steam and water, so that the existing vacuum system mostly ensures the vacuum degree by the air hybrid condenser matched with a multi-stage steam ejector and a water jet pump (or a water ring type vacuum pump). The air mixing condenser condenses steam through direct heat and mass transfer between steam and water to generate vacuum, which is core equipment for forming vacuum; the steam ejector and the water jet pump are mainly used for sucking non-condensable gas in the system. Therefore, when the evaporation amount is fixed, the operation effect of the atmospheric hybrid condenser is a key device for influencing the final evaporation vacuum degree.

In a multiple effect evaporation system, vacuum is obtained by condensation of the last-effect secondary vapor. Therefore, the optimal design of the air mixing condenser is focused on heat and mass transfer between the cooling water and the final-effect secondary steam. Firstly, ensuring that secondary steam is completely condensed; secondly, the flow resistance in the atmospheric mixing condenser should be reduced as much as possible. The existing common air mixing condensers are mostly countercurrent mixing condensers, and the internal structures of the countercurrent mixing condensers are plate type, tubular type, filling type and jet type.

The jet type mixing condenser used by most enterprises at present is internally provided with a plurality of layers of jet type rotational flow atomizing spray heads, a dispersion cone plate and a water-proof ring, and the plurality of layers are obliquely arranged up and down in opposite directions. However, the device does not have an air extraction function, the lower water outlet pipe is required to be provided with an atmospheric leg, the water tank is sealed, and the top noncondensable gas outlet is required to be provided with a large vacuum device (such as a water ring type vacuum pump, a Roots water ring type vacuum pump unit or a steam jet pump and water ring type vacuum pump combination) and gas-liquid separation equipment. The whole equipment is complex, the occupied area is large, and the investment is high.

Therefore, a hybrid condenser is needed to solve the above technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hybrid condenser which can enable a lower part chamber of a tank body to form higher vacuum degree, so that an atmosphere leg and a water seal groove are not required to be arranged at the lower part of a water outlet pipe; the top is not required to be provided with larger vacuum equipment and gas-liquid separation equipment; the equipment arrangement space is saved, the investment of equipment and plants is reduced, and the workload of installation and maintenance is reduced.

To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

there is provided a hybrid condenser comprising:

the bottom of the tank body is conical, a steam inlet is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and steam obliquely enters the tank body downwards from the steam inlet;

the throat pipe is connected to the bottom of the tank body;

the water outlet pipe is connected with the throat in a smooth manner;

the nozzle seat is arranged in the tank body and above the steam inlet, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the nozzle seat, all liquid sprayed out of the nozzles is focused on a focus, and the focus is positioned at the throat.

As a preferable technical scheme of the hybrid condenser, the water outlet pipe comprises a pipe body and an expansion pipe which are connected with each other, wherein one end of the expansion pipe with a smaller pipe diameter is connected with the throat pipe, and one end with a larger pipe diameter is connected with the pipe body.

As a preferable technical scheme of the mixing condenser, a plurality of nozzles are uniformly arranged circumferentially.

As a preferred technical scheme of the mixing condenser, the nozzle seat is provided with a water dividing column which is positioned between the nozzles.

As a preferable technical scheme of the hybrid condenser, the hybrid condenser further comprises a water spraying assembly which is arranged in the tank body and is positioned above the nozzle seat, and the water spraying footprint comprises a plurality of spray heads which are arranged in a coplanar manner.

As a preferable technical scheme of the hybrid condenser, the number of the water spraying assemblies is a plurality, and the water spraying assemblies are arranged in a vertically stacked mode.

As a preferable technical scheme of the mixing condenser, the spray head is a solid cone spiral spray nozzle.

As a preferred solution of the mixing condenser, the spray head is installed vertically downward.

As a preferable technical scheme of the mixing condenser, the mixing condenser further comprises a total water inlet pipe, wherein the nozzle seat and the spray head are communicated with the total water inlet pipe and are used for supplying water to the nozzle seat and the spray head.

As a preferable technical scheme of the mixing condenser, the top of the tank body is provided with an exhaust port.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the water flow with certain pressure is sprayed downwards through the nozzle and is polymerized on a focus at the throat, and the water flow, the conical bottom of the tank body, the throat and the water outlet pipe form a hydraulic ejector together. The water flow is sprayed downwards at a high speed, so that the bottom of the tank body has the effects of water drainage, vacuumizing and air suction. The steam inlet pipe is arranged below the nozzle seat, and secondary steam obliquely enters downwards from the steam inlet and is contacted with the high-speed water jet in a collision way in a mixing way, so that the secondary steam can be rapidly cooled, and the hydraulic ejector has the condensation effect. Under the action of the air suction of the hydraulic ejector, the residence time of the secondary steam at the bottom and the contact area with water flow are increased, so that a large amount of secondary steam is quickly condensed at the position. The air suction of the hydraulic ejector and the rapid cooling of the secondary steam can enable the lower device chamber of the tank body to form higher vacuum degree, so that the lower part of the water outlet pipe does not need to be provided with an atmosphere leg and a water seal groove; and larger vacuum equipment and gas-liquid separation equipment are not required to be arranged at the top. The equipment arrangement space is saved, the investment of equipment and plants is reduced, and the workload of installation and maintenance is reduced.

In the tank body, a layer, two layers or multiple layers of water spraying surfaces are arranged at proper positions on the hydraulic ejector according to requirements, and the size and the quantity of the spray heads are determined according to the diameter size of equipment and the characteristics of the spray heads and the size of secondary steam. The spray head adopts a solid conical spiral spray nozzle which is vertically arranged and is connected with the main water inlet pipe through a second connecting pipe and a connecting sub-pipe. The solid cone spiral nozzle has strong impact, large flow, low working pressure, wide working range, good atomization effect, proper size of atomized water drops, difficult blockage, and capability of rapidly and thoroughly condensing secondary steam and further improving the vacuum degree of the hybrid condenser.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid condenser according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid condenser according to the present invention.

Wherein, 2, dividing water column; 3. a nozzle; 4. a nozzle base; 6. a support rib plate; 7. a first connection pipe; 8. a tank body; 9. a second connection pipe; 10. a spray head; 12. an exhaust port; 13. a main water inlet pipe; 14. a steam inlet; 15. a throat; 16. an expansion tube; 17. a tube body.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed", "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment discloses a hybrid condenser comprising a tank 8, a throat 15, a water outlet pipe, a nozzle seat 4, a water spray assembly and a general water inlet pipe 13.

The bottom of the tank body 8 is cone-shaped, the main body part is cylinder-shaped, and the top is elliptic or spherical. A steam inlet 14 is arranged on the side wall of the tank body 8, the steam inlet 14 is positioned at the lower part of the main body part of the tank body 8, and steam obliquely enters the tank body 8 from the steam inlet 14. The top of the tank 8 is provided with an exhaust port 12.

The throat 15 is connected to the bottom of the tank 8, and the water outlet pipe is connected with the throat 15 smoothly, i.e. the water outlet pipe is connected with the tank 8 through the throat 15. Specifically, the water outlet pipe comprises a pipe body 17 and an expansion pipe 16 which are connected with each other, one end of the expansion pipe 16 with a smaller pipe diameter is connected with the throat 15, and one end with a larger pipe diameter is connected with the pipe body 17.

The nozzle seat 4 is arranged in the tank supporting rib plate body 8 and is positioned above the steam inlet 14. Specifically, the nozzle seat 4 is connected with the first connecting pipe 7, and the nozzle seat 4 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tank body 8 through the supporting rib plate 6, specifically, the number of the nozzle seats 6 is a plurality of, and the nozzle seats 4 are surrounded. The first connecting pipe 7 is matched with the supporting rib plate 6 to fix the nozzle seat 4 in the tank body 8, so that the position of the nozzle seat is fixed.

The nozzle seat 4 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 3, and all the liquid sprayed by the nozzles 3 is focused on a focus which is positioned at the throat 15. The plurality of nozzles 3 are uniformly distributed in a ring shape, and the inclination angles are the same, and the centers of the nozzles are inclined, so that the liquid sprayed by all the nozzles 3 can be focused on one focus.

The water dividing column 2 is arranged on the nozzle seat 4 and is positioned between the nozzles 3 to play a role of isolation.

The water spray assembly is disposed within the tank 8 above the nozzle mount 4 and the water spray footprint includes a plurality of co-planar spray heads 10. The number of the water spraying components can be one (refer to fig. 1), two (refer to fig. 2) or more according to specific practical needs. When the number of the water spraying assemblies is two or more, the plurality of water spraying assemblies are arranged in a vertically stacked manner.

The spray head 10 is vertically arranged downwards and sprays water mist downwards, and the spray head 10 is a solid cone spiral spray nozzle.

The nozzle seat 4 and the nozzle 10 are communicated with a main water inlet pipe 13 for supplying water to the nozzle seat 4 and the nozzle 10. Specifically, the main inlet pipe 13 is connected to the first connecting pipe 7 partially extending into the tank 8, so that the main inlet pipe 13 communicates with the nozzle seat 4. The main water inlet pipe 13 is connected with a second connecting pipe 9, the second connecting pipe 9 is arranged around the tank body 8, and a connecting sub-pipe extends into the tank body 8 on the second connecting pipe 9 and is connected with the nozzle 3. The main inlet pipe 13 is connected to the nozzle 3 via the second connecting pipe 9 and the connecting sub-pipe.

The water flow with certain pressure is sprayed downwards through the nozzle 3 and is polymerized on a focus at the throat 15, and forms a hydraulic ejector together with the conical bottom of the tank body 8, the throat 15 and the water outlet pipe. The water flow is sprayed downwards at a high speed, so that the bottom of the tank body 8 has the effects of water drainage, vacuum pumping and air suction. The steam inlet pipe is arranged below the nozzle seat 4, and secondary steam obliquely enters downwards from the steam inlet 14 and is contacted with the high-speed water jet in a mixed manner in opposite directions, so that the secondary steam can be rapidly cooled, and the hydraulic ejector has condensation effect. Under the action of the air suction of the hydraulic ejector, the residence time of the secondary steam at the bottom and the contact area with water flow are increased, so that a large amount of secondary steam is quickly condensed at the position. The hydraulic ejector can enable the lower part of the tank body 8 to form higher vacuum degree, so that the lower part of the water outlet pipe does not need to be provided with an atmosphere leg and a water seal groove; and the top is not required to be provided with a vacuum device and a gas-liquid separation device. The equipment arrangement space is saved, the investment of equipment and plants is reduced, and the workload of installation and maintenance is reduced.

In the tank 8, one or two layers of water spraying surfaces are arranged at proper positions on the hydraulic ejector according to the requirement, and each layer of water spraying surface is used for determining the size and the quantity of the spray heads 10 according to the size of the diameter of the equipment and the characteristics of the spray heads 10 and the size of secondary steam. The spray head 10 is a solid cone spiral spray nozzle which is vertically arranged and is connected with the main water inlet pipe 13 through the second connecting pipe 9 and the connecting sub-pipe. The solid cone spiral nozzle has strong impact, large flow, low working pressure, wide working range, good atomization effect, proper size of atomized water drops, difficult blockage, and capability of rapidly and thoroughly condensing secondary steam and further improving the vacuum degree of the hybrid condenser.

It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid condenser, comprising:

the bottom of the tank body (8) is conical, a steam inlet (14) is formed in the side wall of the tank body (8), and steam obliquely enters the tank body (8) downwards from the steam inlet (14);

a throat (15) connected to the bottom of the tank (8);

the water outlet pipe is connected with the throat pipe (15) in a smooth manner;

the nozzle seat (4) is arranged in the tank body (8) and is positioned above the steam inlet (14), a plurality of nozzles (3) are arranged on the nozzle seat (4), all liquid sprayed out of the nozzles (3) is focused on a focus, and the focus is positioned at the throat (15).

2. The hybrid condenser according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet pipe comprises a pipe body (17) and an expansion pipe (16) which are connected with each other, wherein one end of the expansion pipe (16) with a smaller pipe diameter is connected with the throat pipe (15), and one end with a larger pipe diameter is connected with the pipe body (17).

3. Hybrid condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said nozzles (3) are arranged circumferentially uniformly.

4. Hybrid condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle seat (4) is provided with a water dividing column (2) located between the nozzles (3).

5. The hybrid condenser of claim 1, further comprising a water spray assembly disposed within the tank (8) above the nozzle mount (4), the water spray footprint comprising a plurality of co-planar disposed spray heads (10).

6. The hybrid condenser of claim 5, wherein the number of water spray assemblies is plural, and a plurality of water spray assemblies are stacked one above the other.

7. The hybrid condenser of claim 5, wherein the spray head (10) is a solid cone helical nozzle.

8. Hybrid condenser according to claim 5, characterized in that the spray head (10) is mounted vertically downwards.

9. The hybrid condenser according to claim 5, further comprising a total water inlet pipe (13), said nozzle seat (4) and said spray head (10) being in communication with said total water inlet pipe (13) for supplying water to said nozzle seat (4) and said spray head (10).

10. Hybrid condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the tank (8) is provided with an exhaust port (12).