CN116335167A - Self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slope and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an expansion soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system, which comprises lattice beams, a touch-open type anchor rod, a self-adaptive water pumping and draining device, a fluid expansion reduction device and an interval energy controller, wherein vegetation is arranged in lattice frames; the plurality of touch-open type anchor rods are arranged at the intersections of the plurality of unit beams of the lattice beam; the touch-and-display type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, a linkage rod and a plurality of grouting pipes, wherein the linkage rod is arranged in an anchor area, and the grouting pipes are rotationally connected with the linkage rod; the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device comprises a pump, a water pumping head, a spray head and a drain pipe, the fluid expansion device comprises a piston cylinder and a piston head, and the interval energy controller controls the operation of the comprehensive treatment system. Besides internal pressure regulation, the comprehensive treatment system of the invention synchronously realizes the regulation of the expansion stroke in the dynamic change process of the fluid inflation and drainage of the piston cylinder, wherein the change quantity of the expansion stroke in rainy season is positive value, and the change quantity of the expansion stroke in dry season is negative value, thereby realizing the self-adaptive regulation function of the expansion effect.

Description

Self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slope and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering expansive soil slope treatment, in particular to a self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system for an expansive soil slope and a construction method thereof.

Background

In railway construction, the original topography condition is difficult to reach the linear requirement of a flat and vertical section, and deep excavation and high filling of side slopes in the engineering construction process are unavoidable. When the side slope is built on expansive soil, engineering disasters such as collapse and sliding are very easy to occur on the side slope, the safety of railways and houses along the line is endangered, and geotechnical engineering practitioners even call the side slope to slide when cutting, and no dyke is not collapsed.

The clay component contained in the expansive soil mainly comprises minerals with strong hydrophilicity such as montmorillonite, illite and the like, has the characteristics of repeated swelling and shrinkage, multi-crack property, water sensitivity and the like, and has extremely unstable properties. All three characteristics are related to water or humidity, wherein the dry and wet cycle caused by the change of humidity has a great influence on the expansive geotechnical Cheng Xingzhuang and is also an important reason for the deterioration of the expansive soil strength. Once the environmental humidity changes, the expansive soil absorbs water to expand and loses water to shrink, and strong expansion and shrinkage deformation is generated, and simultaneously, huge expansion force is transferred to the rigid or semi-rigid support structure, so that the support performance of the structure is continuously deteriorated. With the increase of the dry and wet cycle times, the surface cracks of the expansive soil are continuously expanded, the soil body structure is continuously changed, the water infiltration and the water dissipation are quicker, the dry and wet cycle is more and more severe, and the strength and the stability of the expansive soil body are obviously reduced. In addition, the deep development and penetrating communication of cracks cause a large number of cracks on the surface of the expansive soil slope, aggravate the water and soil loss condition of the slope surface, cause germination and plant growth to often face environments with serious drought and insufficient nutrients, and obviously reduce the plant slope protection capability and landscape harmony of the expansive soil slope.

In carrying out the invention, the inventors have found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

1. the drainage effect is poor. The existing slope drainage technology can be three types: a drain pipe is inserted into the slope body at a negative angle to drain accumulated water in the slope body; a reverse filter layer is arranged behind the supporting structure to drain the internal accumulated water and prevent soil loss; geotechnical cloth and drainage ditches are arranged on the surface of the side slope to drain surface accumulated water. The drain pipe technology is easy to cause pipe body blockage, the drain range is not covered deeply due to the insertion mode of the negative angle, the traditional drain technology is passive, the drain rate cannot be adjusted, and the drain capacity is not strong; the technology of the reverse filtering layer and the technology of draining water on the slope surface can not drain accumulated water in the depth of the slope; and the three drainage structures are independent of the side slope supporting structure, and are required to be designed and constructed independently, so that the time and the labor are consumed.

2. Plant irrigation is not self-sufficient. The existing expansive soil slope treatment technology is too concerned with slope drainage, neglecting reasonable irrigation of plants on the surface of the slope, which is easy to cause poor growth and even death of the plants due to water shortage, and losing the slope protection effect of the plants on the slope; even if the importance of irrigating plants is not understood, it is not combined with the reinforcing structure-that is, the irrigation structure needs to be installed separately, and water resources are transported from other areas for irrigation, so that the economy is reduced.

3. The structural rigidity is overstressed, and the reinforcing and expansion reducing effects are poor. The existing expansive soil slope treatment technology can be divided into a rigid retaining technology and a flexible retaining technology according to structural rigidity and allowable deformation. The rigid retaining technology, such as retaining walls, anti-slide piles, anchor rod (cable) frame beams and the like, is difficult to achieve the expansion reducing effect while reinforcing the side slope, so that the retaining structure is irreversibly damaged under the action of repeated expansion and contraction deformation and expansion force of the expansion soil, the mechanical property of the retaining structure is deteriorated, the durability of the structure is greatly reduced, and the supporting capability of the structure is weakened. The flexible retaining technique can be divided into two types: setting materials with flexible expansion reducing function such as polystyrene EPS boards and reverse filtering layers behind the rigid supporting structure or directly punching holes on the surface of the side slope to put sand and other flexible expansion reducing materials, such as the invention CN115262591A; a relatively complex expansion reducing and energy dissipating structure, such as CN1163619A, is arranged on the surface layer of the side slope. The polystyrene EPS plate technology and the reverse filtering layer technology cannot be matched with expansion deformation in a self-adaptive manner, so that the expansion reducing effect is poor when the thickness of the expansion reducing material is small, and the economic rationality cannot be considered when the thickness is large; the expansion reducing structure used in the expansion reducing energy dissipation structure technology is complex, and the expansion reducing structure needs to be independently designed and installed, so that the purpose of economy cannot be achieved.

4. The structure integration rate is low, the construction steps are tedious, and the engineering cost is high. The existing expansive soil slope treatment technology cannot integrate structures or functions such as slope drainage, plant irrigation, flexible expansion reduction, slope support and the like, so that a plurality of projects are increased, construction steps are complicated, and the construction cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system with functions of reinforcing, water drainage and storage, flexible expansion reduction, greening and the like, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides an expansion soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system, which comprises lattice beams, a touch-unfolding anchor rod, a self-adaptive water pumping and draining device, a fluid expansion reduction device and an interval energy controller; the lattice beams are arranged on the surface of the side slope, and vegetation is arranged in lattice frames of the lattice beams; the plurality of the stretching anchors are arranged at the intersections of the plurality of the unit beams of the lattice beams respectively; the touch-unfolding type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, a linkage rod and a plurality of grouting pipes, wherein the anchor rod body is anchored in an anchor rod hole formed in a side slope, the top end of the anchor rod body penetrates through the lattice beam, an inner cavity of the anchor rod body is sequentially divided into an expansion reducing area, a drainage area, a water accumulation area and an anchoring area from top to bottom by separating sheets, the linkage rod is axially movably arranged in the anchoring area, and the grouting pipes are respectively connected with the linkage rod in a rotating manner and can be opened to the periphery by taking the linkage rod as a center when the linkage rod moves upwards; each anchor rod body corresponds to a self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and a fluid expansion reducing device, the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device comprises a pump, a water pumping head, a spray head and a drain pipe, the water pumping head is arranged in the water accumulation area, the spray head is arranged in the lattice, a water outlet of the drain pipe is arranged in a drain groove of the lattice beam, and the water pumping head, the spray head and the drain pipe are respectively connected with the pump; the fluid expansion reducing device comprises a piston cylinder and a piston head, the piston head is fixed at the top end of the anchor rod body, the piston cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod body, and the piston cylinder is respectively connected with the piston head and the anchor rod body in a sliding sealing manner; the interval energy controllers are configured to control the running states of the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and the fluid expansion device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system respectively.

Further, the interval energy controller comprises a regulator, and pore water pressure sensors, soil humidity sensors, fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors, wherein the pore water pressure sensors, the soil humidity sensors, the fluid pressure sensors and the displacement sensors are equal to the number of the touch-open type anchor rods in the control area of the interval energy controller, the pore water pressure sensors are respectively arranged in corresponding water accumulation areas, the soil humidity sensors are respectively arranged in the soil around the touch-open type anchor rods, and the fluid pressure sensors and the displacement sensors are arranged in corresponding piston cylinders.

Further, the water pumping head and the pore water pressure sensor are both positioned at the bottom of the water accumulation area, the pore water pressure sensor monitors the water level change of the accumulated water and transmits the monitored data to the regulator, and the regulator calculates the water level distance of the accumulated water from the water pumping head according to the received data.

Further, the linkage rod is arranged on the central axis of the anchoring area through a plurality of support cylinders, and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed out of the anchor rod body; the grouting pipes are spirally arranged on the side wall of the ponding area of the anchor rod body along the circumferential direction, the bottoms of the grouting pipes are rotationally connected with the linkage rod through bolts, and when the bottoms of the linkage rod are propped against the bottoms of the anchor rod holes, the linkage rod retracts to drive the tops of the grouting pipes to be outwards unfolded and invade soil around the anchor rod holes.

Further, an enlarged head is arranged at one end of the linkage rod exposed out of the anchor rod body; the top of slip casting pipe is provided with countersunk head recess, be provided with the T type piston that is used for stopping the inflation soil body to get into in the slip casting pipe in the countersunk head recess.

Further, the separation piece is including the first separation piece, second separation piece and the third separation piece that set gradually, first separation piece with offer the first through-hole that is used for the pipeline to pass through on the third separation piece, offer a plurality of second through-hole that is used for permeable on the second separation piece.

Further, the water filtering area is divided into side cavities positioned at two sides and a middle cavity positioned between the two side cavities by a separation cavity piece, and the side cavities and the middle cavity extend along the axial direction of the anchor rod body; a plurality of water filtering holes are formed in the anchor rod body corresponding to each side cavity, and filtering sponge is arranged in each side cavity.

Further, the fluid expansion device further comprises a base arranged at the crossing point of the unit beams of the lattice beams, and the base and the lattice beams are integrally arranged.

Further, a first sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and a second sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the piston head and the piston cylinder.

The invention also provides a construction method of the expansive soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system, which comprises the following steps:

s1, flattening the surface of a slope, removing sundries, and building drainage ditches and intercepting ditches on the top of the slope and the toe of the slope;

s2, carrying out graded excavation on the slope according to the height of the slope to form single-stage or multi-stage slopes, wherein the height of each stage of slope is not more than 5000mm, and the gradient is not more than 45%;

s3, determining the position of each anchor rod hole, and drilling holes on the side slope;

s4, firstly inserting a touch-expanding type anchor rod into the anchor rod hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod abuts against the bottom of the anchor rod hole, then outwards drawing the touch-expanding type anchor rod to enable the grouting pipe to be fully expanded, and then pressurizing and injecting cement mortar into a gap between the anchor rod body and the wall of the anchor rod hole through the grouting pipe;

s5, after grouting is finished, mounting prefabricated lattice beams, spray heads, piston cylinders and piston heads on the surface of the side slope, and placing a water outlet of a drain pipe in a concave groove which is formed in the top of the lattice beams and is beneficial to drainage;

s6, after the cement mortar reaches the preset strength, switching on a power supply, and checking whether the data of each sensor are normal or not and whether each device can normally operate or not;

and S7, planting vegetation in the lattice frame, and finally completing the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) In rainy season, the invention has the advantages that the swelling soil in the depth of the slope surface to the atmosphere is affected to absorb water and swell, the humidity of the swelling soil in the depth of the slope is relatively stable, no obvious swelling deformation exists, the surface of the slope presents overall outward swelling deformation, the volume of water and air stored in the fluid expansion device is compressed, the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is increased, the pressure of the piston cylinder is monitored by the fluid pressure sensor to be increased, signals are fed back to the interval energy controller, and the interval energy controller controls the pump to charge accumulated water into the fluid expansion device and simultaneously discharges air, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is regulated within the range of +/-5 kPa. During dry seasons, the water loss and the dryness of the expansive soil in the depth are influenced from the slope surface to the atmosphere, the humidity of the expansive soil in the depth of the slope is relatively stable, no obvious shrinkage deformation exists, so that the surface of the slope presents integral inward shrinkage deformation, the water and air volumes stored in the fluid expansion device rebound along with the water and air volumes, the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is reduced, the pressure reduction condition of the piston cylinder is monitored by the fluid pressure sensor, signals are fed back to the interval energy controller, the interval energy controller controls the pump to charge air into the fluid expansion device, accumulated water is discharged to the spray head for irrigation, and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is regulated within a range of +/-5 kPa of a set value, so that the self-adaptive regulation function of the internal pressure and the anchoring force is realized.

(2) Besides internal pressure regulation, the invention synchronously realizes the regulation of the expansion stroke in the dynamic change process of the fluid charging and discharging of the piston cylinder: if the compression variation of the fluid volume is not considered, the volume of the fluid filled in is smaller than the volume of the fluid discharged in a rainy season, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder is reduced, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is opposite to the outer normal direction of the side slope surface, and the variation of the expansion stroke is positive; in dry season, the volume of the fluid filled in is larger than that of the fluid discharged, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder is increased, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is consistent with the outer normal direction of the side slope surface, and the variation of the expansion stroke is negative. The expansion stroke can be observed in real time through a displacement sensor at the bottom of the piston cylinder. The expansion stroke variation is positive in rainy season and negative in dry season, so that the self-adaptive adjusting function of the expansion effect is realized.

(3) According to the comprehensive treatment system, the section energy controllers control the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and the fluid expansion reducing device in the corresponding areas to operate, rainwater collected in the accumulated water area can be allocated through the section energy controllers according to actual requirements of external environments, manual operation is not needed, automatic irrigation of side slope vegetation is met, meanwhile, in rainy seasons, the section energy controllers can drain accumulated water into an external drainage ditch according to the accumulated water level in the accumulated water area, and the multifunctional utilization of the collected rainwater on the side slope is achieved.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side view of the overall application of an expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and expansion reduction integrated treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front overall elevation view of an expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and expansion complex treatment system according to embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an overall elevation view of the mating structure of the deployed anchor rod with the adaptive pumping and drainage device and the fluid expansion device of an embodiment of the present invention (a portion of the internal structure is shown for ease of illustration);

FIG. 4 is a front view of a part of the construction of the expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and expansion reduction integrated treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention (a part of the internal construction is shown for convenience of explanation);

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a drainage area of a rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the adaptive water pumping and draining device according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which a part of the internal structure is shown for convenience of explanation;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 6 at M in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a control structure of a zone energy controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

the device comprises a 1-lattice beam, a 1.1-lattice frame, 2-vegetation, a 3-anchor rod body, a 3.1-expansion area, a 3.2-drainage area, a 3.3-water accumulation area, a 3.4-anchoring area, a 3 a-side cavity, a 3 b-middle cavity, a 4-linkage rod, a 5-grouting pipe, a 6-pore water pressure sensor, a 7-pump, an 8-water suction head, a 9-spray head, a 10-humidity sensor, an 11-drain pipe, a 12-piston cylinder, a 12.1-water inlet and outlet, a 13-piston head, a 13.1-water inlet and outlet, a 14-fluid pressure sensor, a 15-displacement sensor, a 17-base, an 18-first separation sheet, a 19-second separation sheet, a 20-third separation sheet, a 21-separation sheet, a 22-drainage hole, a 23-drainage sponge, 24-ponding, a 25-expansion head, a 26-T-type piston, a 27-first sealing ring, a 28-second sealing ring, a 29-hole, a 30-anchor rod, a 31-support, a 32-drainage ditch and a 33-drainage ditch.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, but the invention can be implemented in a number of different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the present embodiment provides an expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system, which includes a lattice beam 1, a contact-expanding anchor rod, an adaptive water pumping and draining device, a fluid expansion reduction device and an interval energy controller; the lattice beam 1 is arranged on the surface of a side slope, drainage ditches 32 are arranged on the side surface and the bottom side slope of the lattice beam 1, and a water interception ditch 33 is arranged on the top of the side slope. The lattice beam 1 is an assembled structure, and is formed by mutually and crosswise connecting a plurality of first unit beams and a plurality of second unit beams, and a plurality of diamond-shaped lattice lattices 1.1 are formed, and the tops of the cross sections of the unit beams are recessed downwards to form drainage grooves; the cells Liang Quanchang are ribbed to increase the strength of the lattice beams. Vegetation 2 is planted in the lattice frame 1.1, and is drought-resistant and anti-scouring herbaceous plants which are planted in a transplanting or sowing mode, preferably ryegrass, vetiver or bermudagrass and other herbaceous plants.

In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of touch-open type anchor rods are arranged at the crossing points of a plurality of unit beams of the lattice beams respectively. The touch-open type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body 3, a linkage rod 4 and a plurality of grouting pipes 5, wherein the anchor rod body 3 is of a hollow structure, the top end of the anchor rod body penetrates through the lattice beam, the anchor rod body is anchored in an anchor rod hole 29 formed in a side slope, and a gap is formed between the anchor rod body and the wall of the anchor rod hole. The inner chamber of the anchor body is separated into from top to bottom by the spacer sheet and subtracts the expansion zone 3.1, drainage zone 3.2, ponding district 3.3 and anchor district 3.4 in proper order, and the spacer sheet is including the first spacer sheet 17 that sets gradually, second spacer sheet 18 and third spacer sheet 19, only sets up a first through-hole that is used for the pipeline to pass through on first spacer sheet and the third spacer sheet, has offered a plurality of second through-hole that is used for permeating water on the second spacer sheet, and a plurality of second through-hole is the rectangle and arranges. Preferably, the length of the expansion reducing area is 300-500 mm, the length of the water filtering area is 3000-5000 mm, the length of the water accumulating area is 100-200 mm, the length of the anchoring area is more than 2600mm, and the total length of the anchor rod body is 6000-8000 mm. The structure sets up the length of the body of anchor, especially anchor district length and has carried out reasonable setting, can effectively improve side slope stability.

In the embodiment of the invention, the water filtering area is divided into side cavities 3a positioned at two sides and a middle cavity 3b positioned between the two side cavities by the separation cavity piece 21, and the side cavities and the middle cavity extend along the axial direction of the anchor rod body. The two side cavities are the insertion spaces of the filtering sponge 23, and the middle cavity is the layout space of the pipelines such as a high-pressure hose, a sensor wiring, a slurry guide pipe and the like. A plurality of round water filtering holes 22 are arranged on the anchor rod body corresponding to each side cavity 3a, and the water filtering holes are arranged in a quincuncial shape.

In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of bracket cylinders 31 are arranged in the anchoring area, the linkage rod 4 is axially movably arranged on the central axis in the anchoring area 3.4 through the plurality of bracket cylinders, and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed out of the anchor rod body. An enlarged head 25 is arranged at one end of the linkage rod, which is exposed out of the rod body, so as to increase the acting force of the linkage rod on the soil body. A plurality of mounting holes are formed in the side wall of the anchor rod volume water area 3.3, the mounting holes are spirally arranged along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod body, a plurality of grouting pipes penetrate through the mounting holes respectively, the bottoms of the grouting pipes are connected with the linkage rod in a rotating mode through bolts respectively, and hooks which are used for facilitating the connection with the grouting pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the grouting pipes. When an upward force is applied to the bottom end of the linkage rod, the grouting pipes can be unfolded around by taking the linkage rod as the center. When the bottom end of the linkage rod is propped against the bottom of the anchor rod hole 29, the linkage rod is retracted upwards to drive the top ends of the grouting pipes to be unfolded outwards and invade the soil around the anchor rod hole 29. The top end of the grouting pipe is also provided with a countersunk groove, and a T-shaped piston 26 is arranged in the countersunk groove and used for preventing soil from entering the grouting pipe and ensuring that cement mortar can be led into a gap between the anchor rod body and the anchor rod hole 29.

In the embodiment of the invention, when the anchor rod body 3 is inserted into the anchor rod hole 29, the upper end of the grouting pipe 5 is clung to the wall of the anchor rod due to the acting force of the soil body, at the moment, the linkage rod 4 is not contacted with the soil body or the acting force is smaller, and the grouting pipe 5 is in an undeployed stage. When the bottom end of the anchor rod body 3 reaches the bottom of the anchor rod hole, the enlarged head 25 of the linkage rod contacts with the soil body at the bottom of the anchor rod hole and contracts along the axial direction of the anchor rod body due to the reaction force of the soil body to the soil body, so that the grouting pipe 5 is driven to rotate and expand around the shaft where the bolt is located, and at the moment, the grouting pipe invades the wall of the anchor rod hole, and the grouting pipe is in a pre-expansion stage. And pulling out the anchor rod body along the anchor rod Kong Fanxiang, and further rotating and expanding the grouting pipe 5 around the shaft where the bolt is positioned under the action of soil body and driving the linkage rod to further retract upwards until the top end of the linkage rod contacts the third separation sheet 19, wherein the grouting pipe 5 is in a complete expansion stage. After the grouting pipes are fully unfolded, cement mortar is pressurized and guided into the gaps between the anchor rod body and the wall of the anchor rod hole 29 through the grouting pipes 5 to form a cement mortar layer, and the cement mortar layer and surrounding rock-soil bodies jointly form a water drop type anchoring expansion end.

In the embodiment of the invention, each anchor rod body corresponds to one self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and one fluid expansion reducing device, and each self-adaptive water pumping and draining device controls the water accumulation in the water accumulation area 3.3 to be used for irrigating vegetation 2 or draining to a drainage ditch 32 according to the humidity of soil around the corresponding touch-spread anchor rod and the water level in the water accumulation area. The self-adaptive water pumping and draining device comprises a pump 7, a water pumping head 8, a spray head 9 and a drain pipe 11, wherein the pump is connected with the water pumping head and the spray head through high-pressure water pipes respectively, and the drain pipe is connected with the pump; the water pressing pipe and the water discharging pipe are high-pressure hoses made of high-strength silica gel materials. The spray head 9 is used for irrigating plants on the side slope surface of the expansive soil, and the diameter of the spray coverage is preferably 200mm larger than the distance between adjacent anchor rod holes. The water outlet of the drain pipe is arranged in the drain groove of the lattice beam and is used for directly draining accumulated water into the drain ditch.

In the embodiment of the invention, the fluid expansion reducing device comprises a base 17, a piston cylinder 12 and a piston head 13, wherein the base is embedded and fixed at the intersection point of the lattice beams, the piston cylinder is embedded and fixed on the base, and the piston cylinder is in sliding sealing sleeve connection with the outer wall of the anchor rod body; the piston head is sleeved on the top end of the anchor rod body, and the anchor rod body is welded and connected. In this structural arrangement, the base 17 is a reinforced concrete structure integrally provided with the lattice beams 1 for receiving pressure from the piston cylinder; the piston cylinder is made of stainless steel, the side wall of the piston cylinder is provided with a water inlet and outlet 12.1 for connecting with a pump, and the bottom of the piston cylinder is provided with an inserting hole for the anchor rod body 3; the piston head 13 is a stainless steel round thin plate and is welded with the anchor rod body, and the piston head is provided with an air inlet and outlet 13.1 for connecting with a pump. The connection of the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body is provided with a first sealing ring 27, and the connection of the piston head and the piston cylinder is provided with a second sealing ring 28, so as to prevent water and gas from leaking from the interior of the piston cylinder. The pump is arranged at the upper section of the anchor rod body, the pump 7 is provided with 5 control valves, the maximum conveying flow is 2L/min, and the maximum conveying pressure is 500kPa. When the fluid expansion device reaches a predetermined internal pressure, anchoring force, and expansion stroke range, the control valve is closed to save electrical energy and extend system durability.

In the embodiment of the invention, the interval energy controllers are configured into a plurality of intervals to respectively control the running states of the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and the fluid expansion reducing device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system. The interval energy controller comprises a regulator 30, pore water pressure sensors 6, a soil humidity sensor 10, a fluid pressure sensor 14 and a displacement sensor 15, wherein the pore water pressure sensors 6, the soil humidity sensor 10, the fluid pressure sensor 14 and the displacement sensor are equal to the number of the stretching anchors in the control area of the interval energy controller; each pore water pressure sensor 6 is respectively arranged at the inner bottom of the corresponding water accumulation area 3.3, monitors the change condition of the water accumulation 24 in the water accumulation area, transmits the monitored data to the interval energy controller, and calculates the height of the water accumulation level from the water suction head according to the received data. Each soil humidity sensor 10 is respectively arranged in the soil around the corresponding touch-and-display anchor rod, and is buried in the expansion soil body in the depth range of the atmospheric influence steep layer, and preferably, the soil humidity sensor is buried at the intersection point of the central lines of the rectangle formed by the four anchor rod holes which are adjacent to each other at the upper, lower, left and right sides; the buried depth is 100 to 5000mm, and may be preferably 100mm, 400mm, 1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm, 4000m and 5000mm. The soil humidity sensor feedback data adopts soil quality humidity index, the measuring range is 0-100%, and the measuring precision is +/-1%. The normal data range of the soil humidity sensor with the embedded depth of 100mm and 400mm is 17% -30%. Soil moisture sensors with burial depths of 1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm, 4000mm and 5000mm have normal data ranges of less than 30% and soil moisture increase rates of less than 5%/h. The fluid pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the inner side wall of the piston cylinder and can monitor the pressure change condition in the fluid expansion device; the specific set value of the pressure in the expansion-reducing piston device is determined by the designed anchoring force. The displacement sensor 15 is arranged at the bottom of the piston cylinder and can monitor the displacement change condition of the piston head 13 relative to the piston cylinder 12, namely the expansion stroke. The expansion stroke is set to be 0 by the height intermediate value of the piston cylinder which is initially set, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is regulated to be positive when the displacement direction is opposite to the external normal direction of the side slope surface, and is regulated to be negative when the displacement direction is consistent with the external normal direction of the side slope surface; the specific set value of the expansion stroke is determined by the expansion and contraction condition of the soil body. The regulator is respectively connected with all pumps, pore water pressure sensors, soil humidity sensors, fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors in the area controlled by the interval energy controller. The interval energy controller can adopt a solar power supply device to supply power, and when the solar energy converted electric energy is surplus, the electric energy is stored into the battery of the interval energy controller more; when the solar energy converted electric energy is insufficient to enable the comprehensive treatment system to normally operate in the rainy days, the battery outputs electric energy to the comprehensive treatment system so as to ensure voltage and current stability.

In the embodiment of the invention, the expansion soil side slope is greatly influenced by the environmental temperature and humidity, the phenomenon of inconsistent expansion and shrinkage degree is shown along the depth direction, the recommended atmospheric influence depth range of the expansion soil area building technical specification GB50112-2013 is within the area 3000-5000 mm below the side slope surface, the humidity of the soil body exceeding the range is relatively stable, and the expansion and shrinkage phenomenon is not obvious. In rainy season, the slope atmosphere influences the expansion soil in the depth to absorb water and expand, and the humidity of the expansion soil in the slope is relatively stable without obvious expansion deformation, so that the surface of the slope presents the expansion deformation outwards integrally, the volume of water and air stored in the expansion device is reduced by compressed fluid, and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder 12 is increased. The fluid pressure sensor 14 detects an increase in pressure in the piston cylinder 12 and feeds a signal back to the interval controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump 7 to charge accumulated water into the fluid expansion device and simultaneously discharges air, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is regulated within the range of a set value of +/-5 kPa. The set value is larger than the data in non-rainy season, and provides larger supporting force to fit the engineering experience of instability and sliding after the expansive soil side slope rains. During dry seasons, the expansion soil in the depth is affected by the slope atmosphere to lose water and shrink, the humidity of the expansion soil in the slope is relatively stable, no obvious shrinkage deformation exists, the surface of the slope presents integral inward shrinkage deformation, the volume of water and air stored in the fluid expansion device rebounds along with the volume of the water and the air, and the internal pressure of a piston cylinder is reduced. The fluid pressure sensor monitors the pressure reduction condition in the piston cylinder and feeds signals back to the interval energy controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump to charge air into the fluid expansion device, and meanwhile, accumulated water is discharged through the spray head for irrigation, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is regulated within the range of a set value +/-5 kPa, and the self-adaptive regulation function of the internal pressure of the piston cylinder and the anchoring force is realized.

When the friction force of the piston head to the piston cylinder is ignored, the relation between the inner pressure of the piston cylinder and the anchoring force is as follows:

F＝KP (1)

wherein, the parameters F, K, P respectively represent the anchoring force, the area parameter and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder, and when the inner diameter of the piston cylinder is 400mm and the outer diameter of the anchor rod body is 60mm, K is 0.123m ² ；

In the embodiment of the invention, besides the internal pressure regulation of the piston cylinder, the regulation of the expansion stroke is synchronously realized in the dynamic change process of the fluid charging and discharging of the piston cylinder: if the compression variation of the fluid volume is not considered, the volume of the fluid filled in is smaller than the volume of the fluid discharged in a rainy season, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder is reduced, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is opposite to the outer normal direction of the side slope surface, and the variation of the expansion stroke is positive; in dry season, the volume of the fluid filled in is larger than that of the fluid discharged, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder is increased, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is consistent with the outer normal direction of the side slope surface, and the variation of the expansion stroke is negative. The expansion stroke can be observed in real time through a displacement sensor at the bottom of the piston cylinder. In rainy season, the variation of the expansion stroke is positive, and in dry season, the variation of the expansion stroke is negative, so that the self-adaptive adjusting function of the expansion effect is realized.

In the embodiment of the invention, the fluid expansion devices of the comprehensive treatment system independently operate, do not affect each other, and do not interfere the operation of other fluid expansion devices even if one of the fluid expansion devices is damaged. Meanwhile, the damage condition of a certain fluid expansion device can be known in time according to the feedback data of the fluid pressure sensor: if the pump continuously fills air or water into a certain fluid expansion device and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is kept low or is firstly increased and then decreased, the situation that the fluid expansion device is possibly damaged can be judged. Therefore, the functions of supporting and expanding reduction self-adaption, no mutual influence of device operation and expanding reduction and reinforcement are realized.

In the embodiment of the invention, the interval energy controller controls the pump 7 and the fluid expansion device according to the feedback information of the sensor. When the soil humidity with the depth of 100mm or 400mm is less than 17%, the interval energy controller commands the pump 7 to pump accumulated water 24 and convey the accumulated water to the spray head 9 for irrigation, if the accumulated water is insufficient, namely the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 6 show that the water level depth is less than 50mm, the pump 7 pumps water stored in the fluid expansion device through the water inlet and outlet 12.1 of the piston cylinder to irrigate vegetation until the soil humidity with the depths of 100mm and 400mm reaches 20%, or the water stored in the fluid expansion device is discharged; simultaneously, air is filled into the fluid expansion device through the air inlet and outlet of the piston cylinder so as to keep the internal pressure and the expansion stroke stable within a set range. When the soil humidity is greater than 30% or the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 6 show that the water level depth is greater than 100mm (or 200mm, the water level depth depends on the design length of the water accumulation area 24), the interval energy controller commands the pump to pump the water and store the water into the fluid expansion device, and simultaneously, air is pumped into the fluid expansion device through the air inlet and outlet of the piston head so as to keep the internal pressure stable within a set range; when the fluid expansion device is full of stored water, the pump directly drains water into the drainage grooves of the lattice beams through the drainage pipes. Draining until the soil humidity with the depth of 100mm and 400mm is less than 30%, or the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor shows that the water level depth is less than 50mm. Therefore, the self-sufficiency of irrigation of vegetation with reinforced root systems, deep anchoring, small drought, sufficient water and large drought is ensured.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a construction method of the expansion soil slope self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system, and the lattice beam 1, the touch-open type anchor rod, the self-adaptive drainage device, the fluid expansion reduction device and the interval energy controller are prefabricated in advance by a factory and integrated into a novel touch-open type anchor rod and an assembled lattice beam. During construction, a plurality of touch-and-spread type anchor rods are firstly installed in corresponding anchor rod holes one by one, namely, the anchor rod bodies 3 are firstly required to be sent into the anchor rod holes 29, cement mortar is injected after the anchor rod bodies are pulled outwards, and after the plurality of touch-and-spread type anchor rods are installed, other devices such as prefabricated assembled lattice beams 1, fluid expansion devices 3 and the like are installed on the surface of a side slope. The construction method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, flattening the surface of a slope, removing sundries, and building a drainage ditch 32 and a water interception ditch 33 on the top and the bottom of the slope;

s2, carrying out graded excavation on the slope according to the height of the slope to form single-stage or multi-stage slopes, wherein the height of each stage of slope is not more than 5000mm, and the gradient is not more than 45%;

s3, determining the position of each anchor rod hole 29, and drilling holes on the side slope; before or at the same time of any step of the steps S1-S3, manufacturing structures such as a touch-open type anchor rod, a lattice beam, a fluid expansion reducing device, a self-adaptive drainage device and the like in a factory, and installing the self-adaptive drainage device on the upper section of the anchor rod body of the touch-open type anchor rod in advance; checking whether the sensor is intact, whether the data are normal, and whether equipment such as an interval energy controller, a pump, a fluid expansion piston and the like can normally operate;

s4, firstly inserting a touch-expanding anchor rod into the anchor rod hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod (4) abuts against the bottom of the anchor rod hole, then pulling out the anchor rod body outwards to enable the grouting pipe 5 to be fully expanded, and then pressurizing and injecting cement mortar into a gap between the anchor rod body 3 and the wall of the anchor rod hole 29;

s5, after grouting is finished, mounting a prefabricated lattice beam 1, a spray head 9, a piston cylinder 12 and a piston head 13 on the surface of a side slope, and placing a water outlet of a drain pipe 10 in a concave groove which is formed in the top of the lattice beam 1 and is beneficial to drainage;

s6, after the cement mortar reaches the preset strength, switching on a power supply, and checking whether the data of each sensor are normal or not and whether each device can normally operate or not;

and S7, planting vegetation 2 in the lattice frame 1.1, and finally completing the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

According to the construction method, the comprehensive treatment system is arranged on the side slope to actively realize the self-adaptive regulation function of drainage and expansion reduction in the rainy season and water retention and reinforcement in the drought season, and the purposes of removing faults and repairing the structure are realized by checking the feedback data of the monitoring sensor.

The comprehensive treatment system and the construction method thereof achieve the effect of organically integrating structures such as water collection, water storage, water drainage, irrigation, expansion reduction, reinforcement, grouting, anchoring and the like of the expansive soil side slope, greatly simplify the construction steps, and effectively save the manpower, material resources and financial resources required for treating the expansive soil side slope.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The self-adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system for the expansive soil slope is characterized by comprising a lattice beam (1), a touch-unfolding anchor rod, a self-adaptive water pumping and draining device, a fluid expansion reduction device and an interval energy controller; the lattice beams are arranged on the surface of the side slope, and vegetation (2) is arranged in lattice frames (1.1) of the lattice beams; the plurality of the stretching anchors are arranged at the intersections of the plurality of the unit beams of the lattice beams respectively; the contact-expanding type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body (3), a linkage rod (4) and a plurality of grouting pipes (5), wherein the anchor rod body is anchored in an anchor rod hole (29) formed in a side slope, the top end of the anchor rod body penetrates through the lattice beam, an inner cavity of the anchor rod body is sequentially divided into a bulge reduction area (3.1), a water filtering area (3.2), a water accumulating area (3.3) and an anchoring area (3.4) from top to bottom by separating sheets, the linkage rod is axially movably arranged in the anchoring area, and the grouting pipes are respectively connected with the linkage rod in a rotating mode and can be opened to the periphery by taking the linkage rod as a center when the linkage rod moves upwards; each anchor rod body corresponds to a self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and a fluid expansion reducing device, the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device comprises a pump (7), a water pumping head (8), a spray head (9) and a drain pipe (11), the water pumping head is arranged in the water accumulation area, the spray head is arranged in the lattice, a water outlet of the drain pipe is arranged in a drain tank of the lattice beam, and the water pumping head, the spray head and the drain pipe are respectively connected with the pump; the fluid expansion reducing device comprises a piston cylinder (12) and a piston head (13), the piston head is fixed at the top end of the anchor rod body, the piston cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod body, and the piston cylinder is respectively connected with the piston head and the anchor rod body in a sliding sealing manner; the interval energy controllers are configured to control the running states of the self-adaptive water pumping and draining device and the fluid expansion device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system respectively.

2. The integrated treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the interval energy controller comprises a regulator (30) and pore water pressure sensors (6), soil moisture sensors (10), fluid pressure sensors (14) and displacement sensors (15) which are equal to the number of the contact-deployment type anchor rods in the control area of the interval energy controller, each pore water pressure sensor (6) is respectively arranged in a corresponding water accumulation area (3.3), each soil moisture sensor (10) is respectively arranged in soil around the corresponding contact-deployment type anchor rod, and the fluid pressure sensors and the displacement sensors are arranged in corresponding piston cylinders (12).

3. The integrated treatment system of claim 2, wherein the water suction head and the pore water pressure sensor are both located at the bottom of the water accumulation zone, the pore water pressure sensor monitors the water level change of the water accumulation (24) and transmits the monitored data to the regulator (30), and the regulator calculates the height of the water accumulation level from the water suction head based on the received data.

4. The integrated treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the linkage rod is disposed on a central axis of the anchoring zone by a plurality of bracket cylinders (31), a bottom end of the linkage rod being exposed to the anchor rod body; the grouting pipes are spirally arranged on the side wall of a water accumulation area (3.3) of the anchor rod body along the circumferential direction, the bottoms of the grouting pipes are rotationally connected with the linkage rod through bolts, and when the bottoms of the linkage rod are propped against the bottoms of the anchor rod holes (29), the linkage rod retracts to drive the tops of the grouting pipes to expand outwards and invade the soil around the anchor rod holes (29).

5. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 4, wherein an enlarged head (25) is provided at an end of the linkage rod exposed to the anchor rod body; the top of slip casting pipe is provided with countersunk head recess, be provided with in the countersunk head recess and be used for preventing the T type piston (26) that expands the soil body and get into in the slip casting pipe.

6. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the separation sheets comprise a first separation sheet (18), a second separation sheet (19) and a third separation sheet (20) which are sequentially arranged, first through holes for the pipeline to pass through are formed in the first separation sheet and the third separation sheet, and a plurality of second through holes for water to pass through are formed in the second separation sheet.

7. The integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage zone is divided by a compartment sheet (21) into side chambers (3 a) on both sides and a middle chamber (3 b) between the two side chambers, both of which extend in the axial direction of the anchor body; a plurality of water filtering holes (22) are formed in the anchor rod body corresponding to each side cavity, and a filtering sponge (23) is arranged in each side cavity.

8. The integrated treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the fluid expansion device further comprises a base (17) provided at a cell beam intersection of the lattice beams, the base being provided integrally with the lattice beams.

9. The integrated treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that a first sealing ring (27) is provided at the connection of the piston cylinder and the anchor body, and a second sealing ring (28) is provided at the connection of the piston head and the piston cylinder.

10. A method of constructing a comprehensive treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

s1, flattening the surface of a slope, removing sundries, and building drainage ditches (32) and intercepting ditches (33) on the top and the bottom of the slope;

s2, carrying out graded excavation on the slope according to the height of the slope to form single-stage or multi-stage slopes, wherein the height of each stage of slope is not more than 5000mm, and the gradient is not more than 45%;

s3, determining the position of each anchor rod hole (29), and drilling holes on the side slope;

s4, firstly inserting a touch-expanding anchor rod into the anchor rod hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod (4) is propped against the bottom of the anchor rod hole (29), then pulling out the anchor rod body outwards to fully expand the grouting pipe (5), and then pressurizing and injecting cement mortar into a gap between the anchor rod body (3) and the wall of the anchor rod hole (29);

s5, after grouting is finished, mounting a prefabricated lattice beam (1), a spray head (9), a piston cylinder (12) and a piston head (13) on the surface of the side slope, and placing a water outlet of a water drain pipe (10) in a concave groove which is beneficial to water drainage at the top of the lattice beam (1);

s6, after the cement mortar reaches the preset strength, switching on a power supply, and checking whether the data of each sensor are normal or not and whether each device can normally operate or not;

and S7, planting vegetation (2) in the lattice frame (1.1) to finally finish the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

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