CN116329317B - Bimetal composite seamless pipe and rolling process - Google Patents
Bimetal composite seamless pipe and rolling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116329317B CN116329317B CN202310523785.XA CN202310523785A CN116329317B CN 116329317 B CN116329317 B CN 116329317B CN 202310523785 A CN202310523785 A CN 202310523785A CN 116329317 B CN116329317 B CN 116329317B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/46—Roll speed or drive motor control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bimetal composite material forming, and particularly relates to a bimetal composite seamless pipe and a rolling process flow. The rolling process is suitable for preparing hollow carbon steel pipe and inner stainless steel rod in certain size, and includes smelting thin stainless steel rod, compounding solid and liquid into inner carbon steel layer, forming composite pipe blank, heating, perforating, forming thick hollow pipe, rolling into pierced billet, reducing the size, and solid solution treatment. The process is mature and complete, and the oil outlet pipeline meeting the performance requirement can be effectively obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bimetal composite material forming, and particularly relates to a bimetal composite seamless pipe and a rolling process.
Background
Along with the maturity of the offshore drilling platform technology in China, the extension of the operation depth and the acquisition range, the key core technology is urgently needed to overcome, the initiative of exploration and development is actively mastered, and the method contributes to the deep water oil gas development and ocean engineering equipment technology in China. The marine oil extraction has strict requirements on the material performance of the oil outlet pipeline, wherein the necessary composite pipe needs to have high enough external strength and toughness, the inner wall pipe needs to have good enough corrosion resistance, even three layers of composite pipes are required to be developed, and the existing single metal pipe and alloy pipe need to be replaced once in 3 months at present.
The rolling forming of the composite pipe involves the deformation of two metals at the same temperature and rolling speed, and the deformation speeds are different because the composite layer metal is characterized by the same rolling temperature. In view of the characteristics, in the research on the deformation mechanism of the bimetal composite pipe, how to ensure that two metals can meet the deformation condition and meet the respective metal characteristics and not reduce the composite strength and the mechanical property becomes a research key point of researchers. However, at present, research and development personnel have not found a mature rolling process for the bimetal composite seamless pipe, and the composite strength and mechanical property of the bimetal composite pipe can be ensured on the basis of effective implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a rolling process of a bimetal composite seamless pipe, which aims to solve the defect that no mature rolling process capable of effectively implementing and guaranteeing the quality of the composite pipe exists in the conventional bimetal composite seamless pipe.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a bimetal composite seamless pipe formed based on the above disclosed bimetal composite seamless pipe rolling process.
The core of the invention is that based on specific inner and outer metal materials, namely 316L stainless steel and 20 carbon steel, and specific ratio of the inner and outer metal materials, namely the thickness ratio of the inner and outer metal materials is 1:3.66, a specific bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model is constructed in a matched mode, the same processing temperature suitable for the two metal materials is selected, and finally the two metal materials are at the same rolling temperature, so that the deformation condition of bimetal is met, the respective metal characteristics of the two metals are met, and meanwhile, the composite strength and the mechanical performance are not reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the rolling process flow of the bimetal composite seamless pipe is based on the rolling process flow of the bimetal composite seamless pipe of outer layer 20 carbon steel and inner layer 316L stainless steel, and comprises the following steps:
s1, based on an inner layer metal material and an outer layer metal material, establishing a composite interface contact model of the inner layer metal and the outer layer metal, and combining with a diagonal rolling perforation process to establish a bimetal composite material diagonal rolling perforation finite element model;
s2, determining the maximum working pressure born by the bimetal composite seamless pipe in the use process according to the use standard of the oil well pipe, and obtaining the wall thickness ratio of the inner metal material to the outer metal material to be 1:3.66 by utilizing the formula (1) and combining the size of the finished oil well pipe;
P=（2×f×YS min x t)/D formula (1)
Wherein: p-hydrostatic test pressure, here taken 1.5 times the working pressure; f-coefficient; YS (YS) min -the body specifies a yield strength; d-outer diameter of finished oil well pipe; t-total wall thickness of the finished oil well pipe;
s3, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner layer metal material and the outer layer metal material, determining the blank size of the outer layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the blank size of the inner layer 316L stainless steel bar by constructing a bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model;
s4, placing the inner layer bar into the outer layer hollow pipe, uniformly moving from bottom to top by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating device, gradually melting each section of metal, and compounding the inner layer stainless steel into the carbon steel inner layer to prepare a composite pipe blank; wherein, the heating temperature needs to ensure that the inner metal reaches the melting point, and the heating time is 2-3h/m;
s5, machining a through hole with a certain size in the center of the composite tube blank in a machining mode, wherein the size of the through hole is determined by the size of a plug of a cross-rolling perforation;
s6, drawing a thermal processing diagram according to a thermal simulation compression experiment of the bimetal material of the composite tube blank, selecting the same processing temperature suitable for two metal materials, and then heating the composite tube blank to the selected temperature by using an annular heating furnace and discharging the composite tube blank, wherein the selected processing temperature is 1160+/-20 ℃;
s7, rolling the discharged composite tube blank into a thick-wall hollow blank tube through a perforating machine, rolling into a pierced blank through a continuous rolling process, and rolling into a composite semi-finished tube meeting the requirements through a tension reducing process;
s8, carrying out solution treatment on the obtained composite semi-finished product pipe, then rapidly cooling, wherein carbide and alloy elements are uniformly dissolved in austenite, austenite grains are rapidly grown, precipitates are re-dissolved, the hardness and the elongation of inner and outer metal layers are re-matched, the mechanical property and the composite strength of the material are optimal, after the solution treatment, the austenite structure is an equiaxed crystal, and annealing twin crystals exist, wherein the solution temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃.
Further, the specific process of step S3 includes:
firstly, determining the diameter d of a machined through hole by utilizing the plug specification in a double-metal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model according to a formula (2), and further obtaining the outer diameter phi of a tube blank of a composite tube blank;
d=n×t formula (2)
Wherein n is a coefficient of 0.25, and T is the diameter of the plug of the oblique rolling perforation;
then, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner layer metal material and the outer layer metal material and according to the principle of unchanged volume, the outer diameter and the outer layer wall thickness of the outer layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the inner layer diameter of the inner layer 316L stainless steel bar are determined.
Still further, in the step S7, the concrete process of rolling the discharged composite pipe blank into the thick-wall hollow pipe by the piercing mill is as follows: placing the discharged composite tube blank on a discharging rack so as to roll the composite tube blank on a steel moving machine; subsequently thermally centring the tail end of the composite tube blank so as to improve the geometry of the tail end of the perforated hollow blank; then, the composite tube blank is fed into a receiving groove of a conical perforating machine, and a composite tube blank pre-rotation device is arranged at the inlet of the conical perforating machine, so that the composite tube blank has a pre-rotation speed, and better biting is realized before perforation; then the composite tube blank is fed into a conical perforating machine by a blank pushing machine through guide rollers and guide pipes, the composite tube blank is rolled into a thick-wall hollow tube blank through a plug, a roller and a guide plate, and 6 groups of three-roller centering devices are arranged behind the outlet of the conical perforating machine and used for supporting a push rod, so that the guiding of the hollow tube blank and the uniformity of the wall thickness are ensured; after the conical puncher completely passes through the hollow capillary, the ejector rod thrust mechanism pushes back, the ejector rod is pulled out of the hollow capillary and enters the ejector rod cooling circulation system.
Furthermore, the pre-rotation speed during perforation is 40r/min, the rotation speed during stable rolling is 80r/min, and the whole perforation process conforms to the principle of low-speed biting, high-speed rolling and low-speed biting, so that the phenomenon that the outer metal rotates under the drive of a roller to generate excessive torsional deformation during the oblique rolling perforation process is avoided.
Specifically, the continuous rolling process involved in the step S7 specifically includes: a high-pressure water system is arranged at the inlet of the PQF continuous rolling mill and is used for descaling the outer surface of the hollow capillary; after rolling by a PQF continuous rolling mill, the hollow capillary sleeved on the core rod extends into a pierced billet; in the whole continuous rolling process, the mandrel moves at a constant speed, metal of a rolled piece uniformly flows, and the state of a pierced billet at an outlet of the PQF continuous rolling mill is tracked in real time and the wall thickness and the quality of the pierced billet are monitored on line through a wall thickness measuring system, so that the wall thickness of the pierced billet after rolling basically reaches the wall thickness of a finished pipe; and after the subsequent core rod is removed by the tube removing device, conveying the core rod by a roller motor to return to the initial position of continuous rolling, traversing the core rod by a steel shifter, conveying the core rod to a core rod circulating system, and detecting the temperature in the whole process.
Preferably, before continuous rolling, antioxidant powder is blown into the hollow capillary by nitrogen, and then the hollow capillary traversing device transports the hollow capillary to an inlet area of the PQF continuous rolling mill, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of the core rod in the continuous rolling process is the same.
Specifically, the tension reducing process involved in the step S7 specifically includes: and reheating the pierced billet rolled by the continuous rolling mill through a reheating furnace, controlling the temperature of the pierced billet, and reducing the diameter and the wall by a 24-frame tension reducing mill to ensure that each parameter of a composite semi-finished pipe at an outlet of the tension reducing mill meets the preset rolling requirement.
Preferably, the temperature of the inner layer of the pierced billet is controlled within 1100+/-10 ℃ and the temperature of the outer layer is controlled below 950 ℃ so as to avoid the phenomenon of overburning of the metal of the outer layer.
Specifically, the composite seamless pipe subjected to solution treatment is cooled by a cooling bed and then cut to length, and then the cut-to-length composite seamless pipe is sent to a finishing line for straightening, and finally finished pipe is manufactured after flaw detection processing.
On the basis of the rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe, the invention also provides the bimetal composite seamless pipe, which is manufactured by adopting the rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the specific metal material, the specific metal material proportion and the specific processing temperature to form the bimetal composite seamless pipe rolling process flow, and the composite pipe blank can be prepared into the composite seamless pipe with the required size, so that the inner layer bonding strength between carbon steel and stainless steel can be fully ensured, the process flow is mature and perfect, and the composite finished pipe of the stainless steel and the carbon steel meeting the performance requirement can be effectively obtained, thereby being used for an oil outlet pipeline of a drilling platform.
2. The key point of the invention is that the specific bimetal material and metal proportion are adopted to meet the matching of the elongation and various intensities in the bimetal processing process, the problem of the elongation matching in the rolling process of the composite tube blank is solved, the manufactured bimetal composite seamless tube meets the standard requirements of GB13296-2013, and the bimetal composite finished tube required by the production enterprises can be produced on the premise of effective implementation and quality assurance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rolling process of a bimetal composite seamless pipe according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thick-walled hollow billet formed by piercing a composite billet according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a composite pipe blank according to the present invention being rolled into a pierced blank during continuous rolling;
FIG. 4 is a thermal processing diagram of 20 carbon steel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a thermal diagram of a 316L stainless steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-rolling perforation failure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the success of the cross-rolling perforation according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. outer carbon steel, 2 and inner stainless steel.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inlet", "outlet", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; furthermore, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, the term "mounted" and "mounted" are used interchangeably,
"connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In view of the high standard requirement of the oil outlet pipeline of the domestic drilling platform, the existing composite pipe can not meet the requirement that the outer layer of the composite pipe is high enough in strength and tough, and the inner layer of the composite pipe is good enough in corrosion resistance; meanwhile, no complete and mature rolling process exists at present, and the difficult problem of different deformation speeds of the composite layer metal can be well solved.
Therefore, the invention searches and changes the mature seamless steel tube single-metal process, finally obtains the high-efficiency high-quality bimetal composite seamless pipe after the test, can avoid the loss and the waste of invalid cost to the greatest extent, and solves the high risk problem caused by directly researching and developing new process and new equipment.
In the exploration process, a solid-liquid composite interface contact model and a composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model are established through simulation research on the solid-liquid composite and rolling process, so that the bimetal composite seamless pipe rolling process is manufactured, and the bimetal composite seamless pipe rolling process is shown in figure 1.
The first emphasis as the present invention is: the method comprises the steps of preparing a 20 carbon steel hollow pipe with a specific wall thickness and a 316L stainless steel inner layer bar material, enabling the stainless steel inner layer bar material to meet a certain composition ratio, melting the thinner stainless steel bar material by controlling an electric induction heating device, and then compounding solid and liquid into the carbon steel inner layer to prepare a composite pipe blank with a certain length. According to the test report of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite part, the outer ring area of the sample to be tested is carbon steel, the inner ring area is stainless steel, and the joint of the composite part is a hard connecting area of two materials.
The second point of the invention is as follows: based on specific inner and outer metal materials, namely 316L stainless steel and 20 carbon steel, and the specific ratio of the inner and outer metal materials, namely the thickness ratio of the inner and outer metal materials is 1:3.66, a specific bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model is constructed in a matched mode, the same processing temperature suitable for the two metal materials is selected, and finally the two metal materials are enabled to reach the same rolling temperature, so that the deformation condition of bimetal is met, the respective metal characteristics of the two metals are met, and meanwhile, the composite strength and the mechanical performance are not reduced.
Having described the core principles of the present invention, the following detailed description of the invention is provided with reference to FIGS. 1-7.
The invention provides a rolling process of a bimetal composite seamless pipe, which is a rolling process flow of the bimetal composite seamless pipe aiming at outer layer 20 carbon steel and inner layer 316L stainless steel, and comprises the following steps:
s1, based on inner and outer metal materials, a composite interface contact model of the inner and outer metal is established, and a double-metal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model is established by combining an oblique rolling perforation process.
S2, determining the maximum working pressure born by the bimetal composite seamless pipe in the use process according to the use standard of the oil well pipe, and obtaining the wall thickness ratio of the inner metal material to the outer metal material to be 1:3.66 by utilizing the formula (1) and combining the size of the finished oil well pipe;
P=（2×f×YS min x t)/D formula (1)
Wherein: p-hydrostatic test pressure, here taken 1.5 times the working pressure; f-coefficient; YS (YS) min -the body specifies a yield strength; d-outer diameter of finished oil well pipe; t-total wall thickness of the finished oil well pipe;
s3, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner layer metal material and the outer layer metal material, determining the blank size of the outer layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the blank size of the inner layer 316L stainless steel bar by constructing a bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model. The specific process for determining the sizes of the outer hollow pipe blank and the inner bar blank is as follows:
firstly, determining the diameter d of a machined through hole by utilizing the plug specification in a double-metal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model according to a formula (2), and further obtaining the outer diameter phi of a tube blank of a composite tube blank;
d=n×t formula (2)
Wherein n is a coefficient of 0.25, and T is the diameter of the plug of the oblique rolling perforation;
then, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner layer metal material and the outer layer metal material and according to the principle of unchanged volume, the outer diameter and the outer layer wall thickness of the outer layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the inner layer diameter of the inner layer 316L stainless steel bar are determined.
S4, placing the inner layer bar into the outer layer hollow pipe, uniformly moving from bottom to top by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating device, gradually melting each section of metal, and compounding the inner layer stainless steel into the carbon steel inner layer to prepare a composite pipe blank; wherein the heating temperature needs to ensure that the inner metal reaches the melting point, and the heating time is 2-3h/m.
S5, machining a through hole with a certain size is machined in the center of the composite tube blank, and the size of the through hole is determined by the size of a plug of the oblique rolling perforation. Because the central material of the composite tube blank is alloy steel which is difficult to deform, the direct perforation difficulty is high, and various defects are easy to occur, a through hole processing mode is adopted, and a foundation is laid for the next step of oblique rolling perforation.
S6, drawing a thermal processing diagram according to a thermal simulation compression experiment of the bimetal material of the composite tube blank, selecting the same processing temperature suitable for two metal materials, and then heating the composite tube blank to the selected temperature by using an annular heating furnace, and discharging, wherein the selected processing temperature is 1160+/-20 ℃.
S7, rolling the discharged composite tube blank into a thick-wall hollow blank tube through a perforating machine, rolling into a pierced blank through a continuous rolling process, and rolling into a composite semi-finished tube meeting the requirements through a tension reducing process, wherein the drawing is shown in figures 2-3.
Wherein, in the process of rolling the discharged composite tube blank into a thick-wall hollow tube billet by a perforating machine, the concrete flow comprises: placing the discharged composite tube blank on a discharging rack so as to roll the composite tube blank on a steel moving machine; subsequently thermally centring the tail end of the composite tube blank so as to improve the geometry of the tail end of the perforated hollow blank; then, the composite tube blank is fed into a receiving groove of a conical perforating machine, and a composite tube blank pre-rotation device is arranged at the inlet of the conical perforating machine, so that the composite tube blank has a pre-rotation speed, and better biting is realized before perforation; then the composite tube blank is fed into a conical perforating machine by a blank pushing machine through guide rollers and guide pipes, the composite tube blank is rolled into a thick-wall hollow tube blank through a plug, a roller and a guide plate, and 6 groups of three-roller centering devices are arranged behind the outlet of the conical perforating machine and used for supporting a push rod, so that the guiding of the hollow tube blank and the uniformity of the wall thickness are ensured; after the conical puncher completely passes through the hollow capillary, the ejector rod thrust mechanism pushes back, the ejector rod is pulled out of the hollow capillary and enters the ejector rod cooling circulation system. The pre-rotation speed during perforation is 40r/min, the rotation speed during stable rolling is 80r/min, the whole perforation process conforms to the principle of low-speed biting, high-speed rolling and low-speed biting, so that the phenomenon that outer metal rotates under the drive of a roller to generate excessive torsional deformation during oblique rolling perforation is avoided.
In the process of piercing by oblique rolling, the outer metal rotates under the drive of the roller to generate torsional deformation, and if the inner metal cannot keep synchronization with the outer metal, a certain difference between the elongation of the two metals can be caused under the same working condition, so that failure is easy to occur in the process of piercing, as shown in fig. 6, and if the inner metal can keep synchronization with the outer metal, the piercing is successful, as shown in fig. 7.
In addition, in the process of rolling the thick-wall hollow capillary tube into a pierced billet through a continuous rolling process, a 6-frame PQF-LCO rolling mill is adopted for rolling, and the specific process comprises the following steps: before continuous rolling, blowing antioxidant powder into the hollow capillary by nitrogen, then conveying the hollow capillary to an inlet area of a PQF continuous rolling mill by a hollow capillary traversing device, and arranging a high-pressure water system at the inlet of the PQF continuous rolling mill for descaling the outer surface of the hollow capillary; after rolling by a PQF continuous rolling mill, the hollow capillary sleeved on the core rod extends into a pierced billet; in the whole continuous rolling process, the mandrel moves at a constant speed, metal of a rolled piece uniformly flows, and the state of a pierced billet at an outlet of the PQF continuous rolling mill is tracked in real time and the wall thickness and the quality of the pierced billet are monitored on line through a wall thickness measuring system, so that the wall thickness of the pierced billet after rolling basically reaches the wall thickness of a finished pipe; and after the subsequent core rod is removed by the tube removing device, conveying the core rod by a roller motor to return to the initial position of continuous rolling, traversing the core rod by a steel shifter, conveying the core rod to a core rod circulating system, and detecting the temperature in the whole process.
Finally, rolling the pierced billet rolled by the continuous rolling mill into a composite semi-finished product pipe meeting the requirements in the tension reducing process, wherein the concrete flow comprises the following steps: and reheating the pierced billet rolled by the continuous rolling mill through a reheating furnace, controlling the temperature of the pierced billet, and reducing the diameter and the wall by a 24-frame tension reducing mill to ensure that each parameter of a composite semi-finished pipe at an outlet of the tension reducing mill meets the preset rolling requirement. Wherein the temperature of the inner layer of the pierced billet is controlled within 1100+/-10 ℃ and the temperature of the outer layer is controlled below 950 ℃ so as to avoid the phenomenon of overburning of the outer layer metal.
S8, carrying out solution treatment on the obtained composite semi-finished product pipe, then rapidly cooling, wherein carbide and alloy elements are uniformly dissolved in austenite, austenite grains are rapidly grown, precipitate is re-dissolved, the hardness and the elongation of inner and outer metal layers are re-matched, the mechanical property and the composite strength of the material are optimal, after the solution treatment, the austenite structure is equiaxed crystal and is subjected to annealing twin crystal, the solution temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for a certain time, and then the material is rapidly cooled. Because the heat treatment systems of the carbon steel and the stainless steel are inconsistent, the inner metal can be subjected to proper temperature compensation treatment.
S9, cooling the composite seamless pipe subjected to solution treatment by a cooling bed, sawing to a fixed length, then conveying the composite seamless pipe subjected to the fixed length sawing to a finishing line for straightening, and finally preparing a finished pipe after flaw detection processing.
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is illustrated by taking the production process of the finished tube with phi 160mm by 14mm as an example, and the following contents are:
as shown in fig. 1, a rolling process of a bimetal composite seamless pipe comprises the following steps:
and step 1, based on the inner and outer metal materials, establishing a composite interface contact model of the inner and outer metal materials, and combining with a diagonal rolling perforation process to construct a bimetal composite material diagonal rolling perforation finite element model. Wherein the inner layer metal is 316L stainless steel, and the outer layer metal is 20 carbon steel.
Step 2, determining the maximum working pressure born by the bimetal composite seamless pipe in the use process according to the use standard of the oil well pipe, and obtaining the wall thickness ratio of the inner metal material to the outer metal material to be 1:3.66 by utilizing the formula (1) and combining the dimension of the outer diameter D=160 mm of the finished oil well pipe;
P=（2×f×YS min x t)/D formula (1)
Wherein: p-hydrostatic test pressure, here taking 1.5 times of working pressure, the working pressure is 20MPa;
f-coefficient 0.6, specification greater than code 1: the steel grades H40, J55 and K55 of 9-5/8 are 0.6, and all other steel grades and specifications are 0.8;
YS min -the pipe body specifies a yield strength MPa;
d-the outer diameter of the finished oil well pipe is mm;
t-total wall thickness of finished oil well pipe mm.
Based on the formula (1), t is more than or equal to 14mm.
According to the corrosion rate of the contact medium of the finished oil pipe and the requirement of the design service life of the finished oil pipe, the finished oil pipe prescribes that the wall thickness of the stainless steel layer of the inner layer is 3mm; i.e. the wall thickness of the outer carbon steel layer is at least 11mm or more. The wall thickness ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 1:3.66.
Then the finished tube size is known from the above conditions: the outer diameter of the pipe material=160 mm, the wall thickness of the inner layer metal is 3mm, and the wall thickness of the outer layer metal is 11mm.
And 3, determining the blank size of the outer-layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the blank size of the inner-layer 316L stainless steel bar by constructing a bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner-layer metal material and the outer-layer metal material. The specific process for determining the sizes of the outer hollow pipe blank and the inner bar blank is as follows:
firstly, determining the diameter d of a machined through hole by utilizing the plug specification in a double-metal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model according to a formula (2), and further obtaining the outer diameter phi of a tube blank of a composite tube blank;
d=n×t formula (2)
Wherein n is a coefficient of 0.25, T is the diameter of the plug of the oblique rolling perforation, and 158mm is taken.
Thus, the through hole diameter d was rounded to 40mm.
Then, the size of the composite pipe blank after the through hole: the outer diameter phi of the tube blank is 200mm, and the diameter of the through hole is 40mm.
Then, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner layer metal material and the outer layer metal material and according to the principle of unchanged volume, the outer diameter and the outer layer wall thickness of the outer layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the inner layer diameter of the inner layer 316L stainless steel bar are determined.
Final composite tube blank size: the outer diameter of the composite tube blank is 200mm, and the outer diameter of the inner metal layer is 99mm. Therefore, a 20 carbon steel hollow pipe with the length of 200x50.5mm is prepared, the outer metal of the composite pipe blank is prepared, and a 316L stainless steel bar with the length of 99mm is prepared, and the inner metal of the composite pipe blank is prepared.
And 4, in the blank making stage, adopting the existing composite tube blank production technology, melting the 316L stainless steel rod material through an electric induction heating device, and compounding solid and liquid into an inner layer of 20 carbon steel to obtain the composite tube blank with the outer diameter phi of 200mm and the inner diameter of 99mm.
And 5, machining the composite tube blank with the diameter of phi 200mm into a through hole with the diameter of 40mm.
And 6, according to a thermal simulation experiment of the 316L stainless steel and the 20 carbon steel, selecting a processing temperature of 1160+/-20 ℃, and heating to the processing temperature by adopting a ring heating furnace.
And obtaining true stress strain curves at different temperatures according to the gleeble thermal compression test, and calculating a strain rate sensitivity index m. Wherein, sigma-peak stress,-strain rate.
And calculating dissipation factor eta and instability criterion zeta according to the strain rate sensitivity index m.
Thermal graphs are drawn according to temperature, strain rate, dissipation factor eta, and instability criteria zeta, and are shown in figures 4-5. And according to the instability criterion, if the instability criterion is smaller than 0, the machining range is instable and marked as a gray part in the figure. As can be seen from the thermal diagram of the 316L stainless steel and the 20 carbon steel by way of example only, the thermal working range of the 316L stainless steel is small, the workability is excellent only at 1140-1180 ℃, and the 20 carbon steel has no destabilization zone, so that the working temperature of 1160 ℃ ± 20 ℃ can be determined as the working temperature of the metal composite tube blank.
And 7, perforating the hollow capillary tube to a specification of phi 220 x 23.5mm thick-wall hollow capillary tube by a conical perforating machine, wherein the wall thickness of the inner-layer stainless steel is 5.5mm.
And 8, rolling the mixture into a pierced billet with the specification of phi 181 mm or 16mm by a PQF continuous rolling mill, wherein the wall thickness of the inner stainless steel layer is 3.7mm.
And 9, reducing the diameter and reducing the wall through tension reducing by a 24-frame, so that all parameters of the pipe at the outlet of the tension reducing machine meet the preset rolling requirement.
And 10, selecting a solution treatment heating temperature of 1100+/-10 ℃, wherein the hardness and the elongation are re-matched, the strength is moderate, and each performance of the material is optimal, so that a finished pipe with higher quality and precision is obtained.
And 11, performing subsequent finishing and other processes to finally obtain the finished pipe with the diameter of phi 160mm and 14mm.
In addition, the hollow capillary tube perforated by the cone-shaped perforating machine, the pierced tube rolled by the PQF continuous rolling machine and the composite semi-finished tube after the expansion and reduction are used for manufacturing sample pieces, and room temperature tensile tests, bending tests and impact tests are carried out, and are shown in tables 1,2 and 3.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
It can be seen from the test results of tables 1 to 3 that each performance of the sample piece satisfies the requirements. According to the corrosion test of GB/T4334-2020 metal and alloy, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steel intergranular corrosion is carried out, the sample meets the requirements, the intergranular corrosion tendency is avoided, and no problem in the blank making stage can be ensured.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe is a rolling process flow of the bimetal composite seamless pipe based on outer layer 20 carbon steel and inner layer 316L stainless steel, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, based on an inner layer metal material and an outer layer metal material, establishing a composite interface contact model of the inner layer metal and the outer layer metal, and combining with a diagonal rolling perforation process to establish a bimetal composite material diagonal rolling perforation finite element model;
s2, determining the maximum working pressure born by the bimetal composite seamless pipe in the use process according to the use standard of the oil well pipe, calculating the total wall thickness t of the finished oil well pipe by utilizing a formula (1) and combining the outer diameter of the finished oil well pipe, and obtaining that t is more than or equal to 14mm based on the formula (1), taking 14mm, wherein the wall thickness of a stainless steel layer of the inner layer of the finished oil pipe is 3mm according to the corrosion rate of a contact medium of the finished oil pipe and the design service life requirement of the finished oil pipe; the wall thickness of the outer carbon steel layer is equal to 11mm, the wall thickness ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer of the finished product is 3:11, and the wall thickness ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer of the finished product is 3:11;
P=（2×f×YS min x t)/D formula (1)
Wherein: p-hydrostatic test pressure, here taken 1.5 times the working pressure; f-coefficient; YS (YS) min -the body specifies a yield strength; d-outer diameter of finished oil well pipe; t-total wall thickness of the finished oil well pipe;
s3, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner metal material and the outer metal material of the finished product, determining the blank size of the outer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the blank size of the inner 316L stainless steel bar by constructing a bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model; the specific process of step S3 includes: firstly, determining the diameter d of a machined through hole according to a formula (2) by utilizing the specification of a plug in a constructed bimetal composite material oblique rolling perforation finite element model;
d=n×t formula (2)
Wherein n is a coefficient of 0.25, and T is the diameter of the plug of the oblique rolling perforation;
then, based on the obtained wall thickness ratio of the inner and outer metal materials of the finished product, and according to the principle of unchanged volume, determining the outer diameter phi and the outer wall thickness of the outer-layer 20 carbon steel hollow pipe and the inner diameter of the inner-layer 316L stainless steel bar;
s4, placing the inner layer bar blank into the outer layer hollow pipe blank, uniformly moving from bottom to top by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating device, gradually melting each section of metal, and compounding the inner layer stainless steel into the carbon steel inner layer to prepare a composite pipe blank; wherein, the heating temperature needs to ensure that the inner metal reaches the melting point, and the heating time is 2-3h/m;
s5, machining a through hole with the diameter d at the center of the composite tube blank in a machining mode, wherein the size of the through hole is determined by the size of a plug of a cross-rolling perforation, and the through hole is obtained by the formula (2);
s6, drawing a thermal processing diagram according to a thermal simulation compression experiment of the bimetal material of the composite tube blank, selecting the same processing temperature suitable for two metal materials, and then heating the composite tube blank to the selected processing temperature by using an annular heating furnace and discharging the composite tube blank, wherein the selected processing temperature is 1160+/-20 ℃;
s7, rolling the discharged composite tube blank into a thick-wall hollow blank tube through a perforating machine, rolling into a pierced blank through a continuous rolling process, and rolling into a composite semi-finished tube meeting the requirements through a tension reducing process;
s8, carrying out solution treatment on the obtained composite semi-finished product pipe, then quickly cooling, wherein carbides and alloy elements are uniformly dissolved in austenite during the treatment, austenite grains are quickly grown, precipitates are re-dissolved, the hardness and the elongation of inner and outer metal layers are re-matched, the mechanical property and the composite strength of the material are optimal, after the solution treatment, the austenite structure is equiaxed crystals and annealing twin crystals exist, wherein the solution temperature is 1100+/-10 ℃;
s9, cooling the composite seamless pipe subjected to solution treatment by a cooling bed, sawing to a fixed length, then conveying the composite seamless pipe subjected to the fixed length sawing to a finishing line for straightening, and finally preparing a finished pipe after flaw detection processing.
2. The rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of rolling the discharged composite pipe blank into the thick-wall hollow pipe by the piercing machine in the step S7 is as follows: placing the discharged composite tube blank on a discharging rack so as to roll the composite tube blank on a steel moving machine; subsequently thermally centring the tail end of the composite tube blank so as to improve the geometry of the tail end of the perforated hollow blank; then, the composite tube blank is fed into a receiving groove of a conical perforating machine, and a composite tube blank pre-rotation device is arranged at the inlet of the conical perforating machine, so that the composite tube blank has a pre-rotation speed, and better biting is realized before perforation; then the composite tube blank is fed into a conical perforating machine by a blank pushing machine through guide rollers and guide pipes, the composite tube blank is rolled into a thick-wall hollow tube blank through a plug, a roller and a guide plate, and 6 groups of three-roller centering devices are arranged behind the outlet of the conical perforating machine and used for supporting a push rod, so that the guiding of the hollow tube blank and the uniformity of the wall thickness are ensured; after the conical puncher completely passes through the hollow capillary, the ejector rod thrust mechanism pushes back, the ejector rod is pulled out of the hollow capillary and enters the ejector rod cooling circulation system.
3. The rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe according to claim 2, wherein the pre-rotating speed during perforation is 40r/min, the rotating speed during stable rolling is 80r/min, and the whole perforation process conforms to the principles of low-speed biting, high-speed rolling and low-speed biting, so as to avoid excessive torsional deformation of the outer metal caused by rotation of the outer metal driven by a roller during oblique rolling perforation.
4. The rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe according to claim 1, wherein the continuous rolling process involved in the step S7 is specifically: a high-pressure water system is arranged at the inlet of the PQF continuous rolling mill and is used for descaling the outer surface of the hollow capillary; after rolling by a PQF continuous rolling mill, the hollow capillary sleeved on the core rod extends into a pierced billet; in the whole continuous rolling process, the mandrel moves at a constant speed, metal of a rolled piece uniformly flows, and the state of a pierced billet at an outlet of the PQF continuous rolling mill is tracked in real time and the wall thickness and the quality of the pierced billet are monitored on line through a wall thickness measuring system, so that the wall thickness of the pierced billet after rolling basically reaches the wall thickness of a finished pipe; and after the subsequent core rod is removed by the tube removing device, conveying the core rod by a roller motor to return to the initial position of continuous rolling, traversing the core rod by a steel shifter, conveying the core rod to a core rod circulating system, and detecting the temperature in the whole process.
5. The rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe according to claim 4, wherein before the continuous rolling, the antioxidation powder is blown into the interior of the hollow capillary by nitrogen, and then the hollow capillary traversing device transports the hollow capillary to the entrance area of the PQF continuous rolling mill.
6. The rolling process for bimetal composite seamless pipe according to claim 1, wherein the tension reducing process involved in the step S7 is specifically: and reheating the pierced billet rolled by the continuous rolling mill through a reheating furnace, controlling the temperature of the pierced billet, and reducing the diameter and the wall by a 24-frame tension reducing mill to ensure that each parameter of a composite semi-finished pipe at an outlet of the tension reducing mill meets the preset rolling requirement.
7. The rolling process of the bimetal composite seamless pipe according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the inner layer of the pierced billet is controlled within the range of 1100 ℃ +/-10 ℃ and the temperature of the outer layer is controlled below 950 ℃ so as to avoid the overburning phenomenon of the metal of the outer layer.
8. A bimetal composite seamless pipe manufactured by adopting the bimetal composite seamless pipe rolling process according to any one of claims 1-7.
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