CN116323201A - Polarizing plate and image display device - Google Patents
Polarizing plate and image display device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116323201A CN116323201A CN202180066823.2A CN202180066823A CN116323201A CN 116323201 A CN116323201 A CN 116323201A CN 202180066823 A CN202180066823 A CN 202180066823A CN 116323201 A CN116323201 A CN 116323201A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polarizing plate
- adhesive
- water content
- polarizing element
- image display
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 60
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 47
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 39
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002339 acetoacetyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C(=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004291 polyenes Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NQPJDJVGBDHCAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazinan-2-one Chemical compound OC1=NCCCN1 NQPJDJVGBDHCAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUBJCRLGQSPQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 LUBJCRLGQSPQNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylthiourea Natural products CNC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- GMEGXJPUFRVCPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylthiourea Chemical compound CCCCNC(N)=S GMEGXJPUFRVCPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1NCCN1 YAMHXTCMCPHKLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- POXAIQSXNOEQGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ylthiourea Chemical compound CC(C)NC(N)=S POXAIQSXNOEQGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HXCHZMHFZXNFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1NC(N)=S HXCHZMHFZXNFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLSVCHHBHKGCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC(N)=O BLSVCHHBHKGCSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPRCBIWIPMJXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxyphenyl)urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 IPRCBIWIPMJXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRYLJBWDZZMDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(NC(N)=S)C=C1 SRYLJBWDZZMDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGUKYDVWVXRPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methoxyphenyl)urea Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(NC(N)=O)C=C1 PGUKYDVWVXRPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXLFMCZPFIKKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)thiourea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(NC(N)=S)C=C1 VXLFMCZPFIKKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMSHKWHLXNDUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(NC(N)=O)C=C1 DMSHKWHLXNDUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-trimethylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)N(C)C JAEZSIYNWDWMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQGWBPQBZHMUFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylthiourea Chemical compound CN(C)C(N)=S ZQGWBPQBZHMUFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBBLOADPFWKNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(N)=O YBBLOADPFWKNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPZXQVCYHDMIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diphenylthiourea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=S)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 FPZXQVCYHDMIIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWPNNZKRAQDVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-methylphenyl)thiourea Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1C KWPNNZKRAQDVPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPSIMDUNVYMPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 CPSIMDUNVYMPAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULNVBRUIKLYGDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)thiourea Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC(=S)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ULNVBRUIKLYGDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KREOCUNMMFZOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-di(propan-2-yl)thiourea Chemical compound CC(C)NC(S)=NC(C)C KREOCUNMMFZOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAJICSGLHKRDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dicyclohexylthiourea Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(=S)NC1CCCCC1 KAJICSGLHKRDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dicyclohexylurea Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXBKNWRSAAAPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethoxy-1,3-dimethylurea Chemical compound CON(C)C(=O)N(C)OC BXBKNWRSAAAPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057054 1,3-dimethylurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VUVPNTYTOUGMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-prop-2-enylthiourea Chemical compound OCCNC(=S)NCC=C VUVPNTYTOUGMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXCBDDGSOXJEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-3-phenylthiourea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=S)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 NXCBDDGSOXJEFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGEQFPWPMCIYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-phenylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 IGEQFPWPMCIYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 1-oxidanylurea Chemical compound N[14C](=O)NO VSNHCAURESNICA-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLAHOZSYMRNIPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NCCO CLAHOZSYMRNIPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJXJKHWLMYXBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethylthiourea Chemical compound COCCNC(N)=S XLJXJKHWLMYXBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQBITTBZTXUIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropylurea Chemical compound CC(C)CNC(N)=O MQBITTBZTXUIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIVQQUNOTICCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ANTU Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NC(=S)N)=CC=CC2=C1 PIVQQUNOTICCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PDQAZBWRQCGBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenethiourea Chemical compound S=C1NCCN1 PDQAZBWRQCGBEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylurea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=O RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLCDUOXHFNUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-Dimethylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)NC VLCDUOXHFNUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFFQABQEJATQAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dibutylthiourea Chemical compound CCCCNC(=S)NCCCC KFFQABQEJATQAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-dimethylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC MGJKQDOBUOMPEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQJQICVXLJTWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylthiourea Chemical compound CNC(N)=S KQJQICVXLJTWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCRBOOJBPETMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acetylthiourea Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(N)=S IPCRBOOJBPETMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYILSDLIGTCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzoylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HRYILSDLIGTCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMEHFXXZSWDEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylthiourea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=S GMEHFXXZSWDEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHGKYJXJYJWDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylthiourea Chemical compound CCCNC(N)=S UHGKYJXJYJWDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylthiourea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)N(C)C MNOILHPDHOHILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NCC=C HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium iodide Chemical compound I[Al](I)I CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[Ba+2] SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001638 barium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075444 barium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O benzylaminium Chemical compound [NH3+]CC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RJNJWHFSKNJCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 RJNJWHFSKNJCTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CNWSQCLBDWYLAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylurea Chemical compound CCCCNC(N)=O CNWSQCLBDWYLAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940046413 calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LEEHHPPLIOFGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NC1CCCCC1 LEEHHPPLIOFGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUESWDIHTKHGQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 WUESWDIHTKHGQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diketene Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)O1 WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAPSCFZYZVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimantine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NAPSCFZYZVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-O dodecylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;octadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940077844 iodine / potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-NJFSPNSNSA-N methylurea Chemical compound [14CH3]NC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRVHSOXXNQTWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(methylcarbamoyl)acetamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC(C)=O XRVHSOXXNQTWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKRZNOGGALENQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-carbamoylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(N)=O GKRZNOGGALENQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMEMQVZNTDHENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNC OMEMQVZNTDHENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZEGKVHRCLBFKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC SZEGKVHRCLBFKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACLZYRNSDLQOIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-tolylthiourea Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC(N)=S ACLZYRNSDLQOIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJNDMSSZEBNLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylurea Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC(N)=O GJNDMSSZEBNLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VPJDULFXCAQHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NCC=C VPJDULFXCAQHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJPYJRMMPVFEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynylurea Chemical compound NC(=O)NCC#C LJPYJRMMPVFEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZJKHIIQFPZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylurea Chemical compound CCCNC(N)=O ZQZJKHIIQFPZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLUHLANJIVXTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=N1 SLUHLANJIVXTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012508 resin bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLEHSYHLHLHPAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylurea Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(N)=O JLEHSYHLHLHPAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) iodide Chemical compound I[Sn](I)(I)I QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/35—Heat-activated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8793—Arrangements for polarized light emission
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C09J129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J201/00—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a polarizing plate which suppresses the reduction of transmittance in a high-temperature environment. A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and oriented, and a transparent protective film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing element, wherein the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded by an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor, and wherein the water content of the polarizing element is at least the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and at most the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a polarizing plate and an image display device.
Background
Liquid crystal display devices (LCDs) are widely used not only for liquid crystal televisions but also for mobile devices such as personal computers and cellular phones, and for vehicle-mounted applications such as navigation devices. In general, a liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel in which polarizing plates are bonded to both sides of a liquid crystal cell with an adhesive, and displays are performed by controlling light from a backlight with the liquid crystal panel. In recent years, organic EL display devices are widely used for in-vehicle applications such as mobile devices including televisions and cellular phones, and navigator, as well as liquid crystal display devices. In an organic EL display device, a circularly polarizing plate (a laminate including a polarizing element and a λ/4 plate) may be disposed on the visible side surface of an image display panel in order to suppress reflection of external light by a metal electrode (cathode) and observation of external light into a mirror surface.
As described above, opportunities for the polarizing plate to be mounted in a vehicle as a member of an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device are increasing. Polarizing plates used in image display devices for vehicles are often exposed to high-temperature environments as compared with mobile device applications such as televisions and mobile phones, and therefore, less characteristic change at high temperatures (high-temperature durability) is required.
On the other hand, for the purpose of preventing breakage of an image display panel or the like due to impact from an outer surface, a structure in which a front panel (also referred to as a "window layer") such as a transparent resin plate or a glass plate is provided on a visible side with respect to the image display panel is increasing. In an image display device including a touch panel, a configuration is widely adopted in which the touch panel is provided on a visible side with respect to the image display panel, and a front panel is provided on a visible side with respect to the touch panel.
In such a structure, when an air layer is present between the image display panel and the transparent member such as the front panel and the touch panel, reflection glare of external light due to reflection of light at an air layer interface is generated, and visibility of a screen tends to be lowered. Accordingly, the trend of filling the space between the polarizing plate disposed on the visible side surface of the image display panel and the transparent member with a layer other than an air layer, usually with a solid layer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "interlayer filler"), is expanding. The interlayer filler is preferably a material having a refractive index close to that of the polarizing plate or the transparent member. As the interlayer filler, an adhesive or a UV curable adhesive is used for the purpose of suppressing a decrease in visibility due to reflection at an interface and bonding and fixing the members to each other (for example, refer to patent document 1).
The adoption of interlayer filling structures in mobile devices such as mobile phones that are often used outdoors is expanding. In addition, due to an increase in demand for visibility in recent years, in vehicle applications such as navigation devices, an interlayer filling structure is being studied in which a front transparent plate is disposed on a surface of an image display panel and an adhesive layer or the like is filled between the panel and the front transparent plate.
However, according to reports, in the case of adopting such a structure, the transmittance of the polarizing plate is significantly reduced in a high-temperature environment. Patent document 2 proposes a method for solving this problem, in which the amount of water per unit area of the polarizing plate is equal to or less than a predetermined amount, and the saturated water absorption amount of the transparent protective film adjacent to the polarizing element is equal to or less than a predetermined amount, so as to suppress the decrease in transmittance.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 11-174417
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2014-102353
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, even with such a polarizing plate, the effect of suppressing the decrease in transmittance in a high-temperature environment is insufficient. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate in which the reduction of transmittance is further suppressed in a high-temperature environment, and an image display device using the polarizing plate.
Means for solving the problems
The present invention provides a polarizing plate and an image display device as exemplified below.
[1] A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and oriented, and a transparent protective film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing element,
the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded by an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor,
the water content of the polarizing element is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃.
[2] A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and oriented, and a transparent protective film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing element,
the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded by an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor,
the water content of the polarizing plate is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃.
[3] The polarizing plate according to [1] or [2], wherein the adhesive comprises a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
[4] The polarizing plate according to [3], wherein the content of the ammonium ion donor in the adhesive is 1 to 300 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin.
[5] The polarizing plate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of 0.01 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
[6] The polarizing plate according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the ammonium ion donor comprises at least 1 selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride, ammonium acetate and ammonium oxalate.
[7] The polarizing plate according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the polarizing plate is used for an image display device,
in the image display device, solid layers are provided on both surfaces of the polarizing plate so as to be in contact with both surfaces of the polarizing plate.
[8] An image display device comprising an image display unit, a 1 st adhesive layer laminated on a visible side surface of the image display unit, and the polarizing plate of any one of [1] to [7] laminated on a visible side surface of the 1 st adhesive layer.
[9] The image display device according to [8], further comprising a 2 nd adhesive layer laminated on a visible side surface of the polarizing plate and a transparent member laminated on a visible side surface of the 2 nd adhesive layer.
[10] The image display device according to item [9], wherein the transparent member is a glass plate or a transparent resin plate.
[11] The image display device according to item [9], wherein the transparent member is a touch panel.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a polarizing plate having improved high-temperature durability, and even in the case of an image display device using an interlayer filling structure, it is possible to suppress a decrease in transmittance due to high temperature. Further, by using the polarizing plate of the present invention, an image display device in which a decrease in transmittance in a high-temperature environment is suppressed can be provided.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[ polarizing plate ]
The polarizing plate of the present embodiment includes a polarizing element and a transparent protective film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to a layer including a polyvinyl alcohol resin and aligned. The polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded by an adhesive layer formed of an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor. The polarizing plate of the present embodiment has at least one of the following features (a) and (b).
(a) The water content of the polarizing element is greater than or equal to the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and less than or equal to 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃.
(b) The water content of the polarizing plate is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃.
As a conventional polarizing plate excellent in high temperature durability, for example, a polarizing plate capable of suppressing a decrease in transmittance even when left alone for 1000 hours in an environment at a temperature of 95 ℃ is known. However, even in the case of using such a polarizing plate for an interlayer filling structure, when the polarizing plate is left to stand for 200 hours in an environment at a temperature of 95 ℃, a significant decrease in transmittance at the center portion in the polarizing plate surface may be observed. A significant decrease in transmittance of a polarizing plate in a high-temperature environment is considered to be a problem that particularly occurs when an image display device employing an interlayer filling structure in which one surface of the polarizing plate is bonded to an image display unit and the other surface is bonded to a transparent member such as a touch panel or a front panel is exposed to the high-temperature environment.
It is considered that the reason why the transmittance of the polarizing plate is significantly reduced due to the interlayer filling structure is that the polarizing plate is significantly reduced at 1100cm in the Raman spectroscopy -1 Vicinity (from=c-c=bond) and 1500cm -1 The vicinity (from-c=c-bonds) has a peak, thus forming a polyene structure (-c=c) n -. The polyene structure is presumed to be a structure resulting from the polyvinyl alcohol constituting the polarizing element being subjected to multiolefination by dehydration (patent documents 2 and [0012 ]]Segments).
The polarizing plate of the present invention can further improve high temperature durability. The polarizing plate of the present invention is incorporated into an image display device having an interlayer filling structure, and can suppress a decrease in transmittance even when exposed to a high temperature environment such as 95 ℃ for a long period of time, and can reduce the transmittance to 5% or less even when stored at 95 ℃ for 150 hours.
< polarizing element >
As a polarizing element in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to and aligned with a layer (hereinafter also referred to as "PVA-based resin layer") containing a polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter also referred to as "PVA-based resin layer"), a known polarizing element can be used. The polarizing element may be a stretched film obtained by dyeing a PVA-based resin film with a dichroic dye and uniaxially stretching the film; a stretched layer obtained by dyeing a coating layer with a dichroic dye and uniaxially stretching the laminated film is used as a laminated film having a coating layer formed by coating a coating liquid containing a PVA-based resin on a base film. The stretching may be performed after dyeing with a dichroic dye, may be performed while dyeing, or may be performed after stretching.
The PVA-based resin can be obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate-based resin. The polyvinyl acetate resin may be a copolymer of vinyl acetate and another monomer copolymerizable therewith, in addition to polyvinyl acetate which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate. Examples of the other copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids, olefins such as ethylene, vinyl ethers, and unsaturated sulfonic acids.
The saponification degree of the PVA-based resin is preferably about 85 mol% or more, more preferably about 90 mol% or more, and still more preferably about 99 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less. The polymerization degree of the PVA-based resin is, for example, 1000 to 10000, preferably 1500 to 5000. The PVA-based resin may be modified, and may be, for example, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral, or the like modified with an aldehyde.
The thickness of the polarizing element is preferably 3 μm or more and 35 μm or less, more preferably 4 μm or more and 30 μm or less, and still more preferably 5 μm or more and 25 μm or less. By setting the thickness of the polarizing element to 35 μm or less, the influence of the polyene formation of the PVA-based resin on the decrease of the optical properties in a high-temperature environment can be suppressed. By making the thickness of the polarizing element 3 μm or more, a structure realizing desired optical characteristics can be easily produced.
The polarizing element preferably comprises an ammonium ion donor. In this embodiment, since the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded to each other by the adhesive layer formed of the adhesive containing the ammonium ion donor, it is presumed that a part of the ammonium ion donor migrates from the adhesive layer and is contained in the polarizing element. The ammonium ion donor in the polarizing element may comprise an ammonium ion donor added during the manufacturing process of the polarizing element. By providing the polarizing element including the ammonium ion donor, the transmittance is less likely to be lowered even when the polarizing plate is exposed to a high-temperature environment. It is presumed that the ammonium ion contained in the polarizing element suppresses the polyeneization of the PVA-based resin.
(ammonium ion supplier)
The ammonium ion donor is a compound capable of supplying ammonium ions or ammonium onium ions. The ammonium ion donor may be used alone or in combination of 2 or more.
Examples of the compound that supplies ammonium ions include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride, ammonium acetate, and ammonium oxalate.
Examples of the ammonium ion include a primary ammonium ion, a secondary ammonium ion, and a tertiary ammonium ion. Examples of the primary ammonium ion donor include decyl ammonium, dodecyl ammonium, octadecyl ammonium, oleyl ammonium, and benzyl ammonium. Examples of the secondary ammonium ion donor include methyl dodecylammonium and methyl octadecylammonium. Examples of the tertiary ammonium ion donor include dimethyl dodecyl ammonium and dimethyl octadecyl ammonium.
Examples of the method for incorporating the ammonium ion donor into the polarizing element include a method in which the PVA-based resin layer is immersed in a treatment solvent containing the ammonium ion donor, and a method in which the treatment solvent is sprayed, flowed down, or dropped onto the PVA-based resin layer. Among them, a method of immersing the PVA-based resin layer in a treatment solvent containing an ammonium ion donor is preferably used.
The step of immersing the PVA-based resin layer in the treatment solvent containing the ammonium ion donor may be performed simultaneously with the steps of swelling, stretching, dyeing, crosslinking, cleaning, and the like in the method for producing a polarizing element described later, or may be provided separately from these steps. The step of containing the ammonium ion donor in the PVA-based resin layer is preferably performed after the PVA-based resin layer is dyed with iodine, and more preferably simultaneously with the crosslinking step after the dyeing. According to this method, the change in color tone is small, and the influence on the optical characteristics of the polarizing element can be reduced.
In order to make the polarizing element contain the ammonium ion donor, both operations of adding the polarizing element to the adhesive and adding the polarizing element to the adhesive can be performed.
(feature (a))
In the case of the feature (a), the water content of the polarizing element is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃. The water content of the polarizing element is preferably not more than 45% of the equilibrium water content of the relative humidity at 20 ℃, more preferably not more than 42% of the equilibrium water content of the relative humidity at 20 ℃, and still more preferably not more than 38% of the equilibrium water content of the relative humidity at 20 ℃. If the water content of the polarizing element is less than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃, the operability of the polarizing element is lowered and breakage is likely to occur. If the moisture content of the polarizing element is greater than the equilibrium moisture content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃, the transmittance of the polarizing element tends to decrease. It is presumed that if the water content of the polarizing element is high, the polyvinyl alcohol of the PVA-based resin tends to advance. The water content of the polarizing element is the water content of the polarizing element in the polarizing plate.
As a method for confirming whether or not the water content of the polarizing element is within a range of not less than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and not more than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃, there is a method in which the polarizing element is stored in an environment adjusted to the above temperature and above relative humidity range, and is regarded as being in equilibrium with the environment when there is no change in mass for a certain period of time; or a method of preliminarily calculating the equilibrium water content of the polarizing element adjusted to the environment in the temperature and relative humidity ranges and comparing the water content of the polarizing element with the preliminarily calculated equilibrium water content to confirm the equilibrium water content.
The method for producing a polarizing element having a water content of at least 30% of the relative humidity at 20 ℃ and at most 50% of the relative humidity at 20 ℃ is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include a method of storing the polarizing element in an environment adjusted to the above temperature and the above relative humidity range for at least 10 minutes and at most 3 hours; or a method of performing a heat treatment at 30 ℃ or higher and 90 ℃ or lower.
Another preferable method for producing the polarizing element having the water content is a method in which a laminate in which a protective film is laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing element or a polarizing plate comprising the polarizing element is stored in an environment adjusted to the temperature and the relative humidity range for 10 minutes to 120 hours; or a method of performing a heat treatment at 30 ℃ or higher and 90 ℃ or lower. In the production of an image display device using an interlayer filling structure, an image display panel in which a polarizing plate is laminated in an image display unit may be stored in an environment adjusted to the above temperature and the above relative humidity range for 10 minutes to 3 hours or less, or heated at 30 ℃ to 90 ℃ and then bonded to a front panel.
The water content of the polarizing element is preferably adjusted so that the water content is within the above-described range in a material stage used for constituting the polarizing plate as a single polarizing element or as a laminate of the polarizing element and the protective film. When the water content is adjusted after the polarizing plate is formed, curling becomes excessive, and a problem is likely to occur when the polarizing plate is attached to an image display unit. By forming the polarizing plate using the polarizing element whose water content is adjusted to the above water content in the material stage before forming the polarizing plate, the polarizing plate including the polarizing element whose water content satisfies the above numerical range can be easily formed. The water content of the polarizing element in the polarizing plate may be adjusted to the above-described numerical range in a state where the polarizing plate is bonded to the image display unit. In this case, the polarizing plate is bonded to the image display unit, and therefore, curling is less likely to occur.
(feature (b))
In the case of the feature (b), the water content of the polarizing plate is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% of the relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% of the relative humidity at 20 ℃. The water content of the polarizing plate is preferably not more than 45% of the equilibrium water content of the relative humidity at 20 ℃, more preferably not more than 42% of the equilibrium water content of the relative humidity at 20 ℃, and still more preferably not more than 38% of the equilibrium water content of the relative humidity at 20 ℃. If the water content of the polarizing plate is less than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃, the operability of the polarizing plate is lowered and breakage is liable to occur. If the water content of the polarizing plate is greater than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃, the transmittance of the polarizing element tends to be lowered. It is presumed that if the water content of the polarizing plate is high, the polyvinyl alcohol of the PVA-based resin tends to advance.
As a method for confirming whether or not the water content of the polarizing plate is in a range of not less than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and not more than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃, there is a method for storing the polarizing plate in an environment adjusted to the above temperature and above relative humidity range, and considering that the polarizing plate is balanced with the environment when there is no change in quality for a certain period of time; or the equilibrium water content of the polarizing plate adjusted to the environment of the temperature and the relative humidity range is calculated in advance, and the water content of the polarizing plate is compared with the calculated equilibrium water content in advance to confirm the equilibrium water content.
The method for producing a polarizing plate having a water content of at least 30% of the relative humidity at 20 ℃ and at most 50% of the relative humidity at 20 ℃ is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of storing the polarizing plate in an environment adjusted to the temperature and the relative humidity range for at least 10 minutes and at most 3 hours; or a method of performing a heat treatment at 30 ℃ or higher and 90 ℃ or lower.
In the production of an image display device using an interlayer filling structure, an image display panel in which a polarizing plate is laminated on an image display unit may be stored in an environment adjusted to the above temperature and the above relative humidity range for 10 minutes to 3 hours or less or heated at 30 ℃ to 90 ℃ and then attached to a front panel.
(Urea-based Compound)
The polarizing element may further comprise a urea-based compound. The polarizing element containing the urea compound can further suppress a decrease in transmittance. The urea compound may be the same as the urea compound that can be contained in the adhesive described later. As a method for containing the urea compound in the polarizing element, the same method as the method for containing the ammonium ion donor in the polarizing element can be used. The urea compound may be contained in the process of manufacturing the polarizing element, or an adhesive for laminating the polarizing element and the transparent protective film, which will be described later, may be contained therein, thereby containing the urea compound in the polarizing element.
(method for producing polarizing element)
The method for manufacturing the polarizing element is not particularly limited, and typical methods are: a method of producing a PVA-based resin film wound in advance in a roll shape by feeding, stretching, dyeing, crosslinking, or the like (hereinafter referred to as "production method 1"); a method including a step of applying a coating liquid containing a PVA-based resin onto a base film to form a PVA-based resin layer as a coating layer and stretching the obtained laminate (hereinafter referred to as "production method 2").
The production method 1 can be produced by a step of uniaxially stretching a PVA-based resin film, a step of dyeing the PVA-based resin film with a dichroic dye such as iodine to adsorb the dichroic dye, a step of treating the PVA-based resin film adsorbed with an aqueous boric acid solution, and a step of washing with water after the treatment with the aqueous boric acid solution.
The swelling step is a treatment step of immersing the PVA-based resin film in a swelling bath. By the swelling step, not only dirt, blocking agent, and the like on the surface of the PVA-based resin film can be removed, but also unevenness in dyeing can be suppressed by swelling the PVA-based resin film. The swelling bath generally uses a medium containing water as a main component, such as water, distilled water, and pure water. The swelling bath may be appropriately added with a surfactant, an alcohol, or the like according to a usual method. From the viewpoint of controlling the content of potassium in the polarizing element, potassium iodide may be used in the swelling bath, and in this case, the concentration of potassium iodide in the swelling bath is preferably 1.5 mass% or less, more preferably 1.0 mass% or less, and still more preferably 0.5 mass% or less.
The temperature of the swelling bath is preferably 10 ℃ to 60 ℃, more preferably 15 ℃ to 45 ℃, still more preferably 18 ℃ to 30 ℃. The immersion time in the swelling bath is not always limited because the degree of swelling of the PVA-based resin film is affected by the temperature of the swelling bath, and is preferably 5 seconds to 300 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds to 200 seconds, and even more preferably 20 seconds to 100 seconds. The swelling step may be performed only 1 time, or may be performed as many times as necessary.
The dyeing step is a treatment step of immersing the PVA-based resin film in a dyeing bath (iodine solution), and can be performed by adsorbing a dichroic dye such as iodine to the PVA-based resin film and aligning the same. The iodine solution is generally preferably an aqueous iodine solution containing iodine and an iodide as a dissolution aid. Examples of the iodide include potassium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, zinc iodide, aluminum iodide, lead iodide, copper iodide, barium iodide, calcium iodide, tin iodide, and titanium iodide. Among them, potassium iodide is suitable from the viewpoint of controlling the content of potassium in the polarizing element.
The concentration of iodine in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.01 mass% or more and 1 mass% or less, more preferably 0.02 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less. The concentration of iodide in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.01 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less, more preferably 0.05 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less, and still more preferably 0.1 mass% or more and 3 mass% or less.
The temperature of the dyeing bath is preferably 10 ℃ to 50 ℃, more preferably 15 ℃ to 45 ℃, still more preferably 18 ℃ to 30 ℃. The immersion time in the dyeing bath is not always required, since the degree of dyeing of the PVA-based resin film is affected by the temperature of the dyeing bath, and is preferably 10 seconds to 300 seconds, more preferably 20 seconds to 240 seconds. The dyeing step may be performed only 1 time, or may be performed as many times as necessary.
The crosslinking step is a treatment step of immersing the PVA-based resin film dyed in the dyeing step in a treatment bath (crosslinking bath) containing a boron compound, and the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film can be crosslinked with the boron compound to adsorb iodine molecules or dye molecules to the crosslinked structure. Examples of the boron compound include boric acid, borate, and borax. The crosslinking bath is generally an aqueous solution, but may be a mixed solution of an organic solvent having miscibility with water and water. From the viewpoint of controlling the content of potassium in the polarizing element, the crosslinking bath preferably contains potassium iodide.
The concentration of the boron compound in the crosslinking bath is preferably 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and still more preferably 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less. When potassium iodide is used in the crosslinking bath, the concentration of potassium iodide in the crosslinking bath is preferably 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and still more preferably 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
The temperature of the crosslinking bath is preferably 20 ℃ to 70 ℃, more preferably 30 ℃ to 60 ℃. The immersion time in the crosslinking bath cannot be defined as a whole because the degree of crosslinking of the PVA-based resin film is affected by the temperature of the crosslinking bath, but is preferably 5 seconds to 300 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds to 200 seconds. The crosslinking step may be performed only 1 time, or may be performed as many times as necessary.
The stretching step is a treatment step of stretching the PVA-based resin film at a predetermined magnification in at least one direction. Generally, the PVA-based resin film is uniaxially stretched in the conveyance direction (longitudinal direction). The stretching method is not particularly limited, and either wet stretching or dry stretching may be used. The stretching step may be performed only 1 time, or may be performed as many times as necessary. The stretching step may be performed at any stage in the production of the polarizing element.
The treatment bath (stretching bath) in the wet stretching method may be water, or a solvent such as an organic solvent having miscibility with water or a mixed solution of water. From the viewpoint of controlling the content of potassium in the polarizing element, the stretching bath preferably contains potassium iodide. When potassium iodide is used in the stretching bath, the concentration of potassium iodide in the stretching bath is preferably 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and still more preferably 3% by mass or more and 6% by mass or less. From the viewpoint of suppressing film breakage during stretching, the treatment bath (stretching bath) may contain a boron compound. When the boron compound is contained, the concentration of the boron compound in the drawing bath is preferably 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and still more preferably 2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
The temperature of the stretching bath is preferably 25 ℃ or more and 80 ℃ or less, more preferably 40 ℃ or more and 75 ℃ or less, and still more preferably 50 ℃ or more and 70 ℃ or less. The immersion time in the stretching bath is not always required, since the extent of stretching of the PVA-based resin film is affected by the temperature of the stretching bath, and is preferably 10 seconds to 800 seconds, more preferably 30 seconds to 500 seconds. The stretching treatment in the wet stretching method may be performed together with 1 or more treatment steps selected from the swelling step, dyeing step, crosslinking step, and cleaning step.
Examples of the dry stretching method include an inter-roll stretching method, a heated roll stretching method, and a compression stretching method. The dry stretching method may be performed together with the drying step.
The total stretching ratio (cumulative stretching ratio) applied to the polyvinyl alcohol resin film can be set appropriately according to the purpose, and is preferably 2 times or more and 7 times or less, more preferably 3 times or more and 6.8 times or less, and still more preferably 3.5 times or more and 6.5 times or less.
The cleaning step is a treatment step of immersing the polyvinyl alcohol resin film in a cleaning bath, and can remove foreign matters remaining on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol resin film. The washing bath generally uses a medium containing water as a main component, such as water, distilled water, and pure water. In addition, from the viewpoint of controlling the content of potassium in the polarizing element, it is preferable to use potassium iodide in the cleaning bath, and in this case, the concentration of potassium iodide in the cleaning bath is preferably 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1.8% by mass or more and 3.8% by mass or less.
The temperature of the cleaning bath is preferably 5 ℃ to 50 ℃, more preferably 10 ℃ to 40 ℃, still more preferably 15 ℃ to 30 ℃. The immersion time in the cleaning bath is not always limited, and is preferably 1 second or more and 100 seconds or less, more preferably 2 seconds or more and 50 seconds or less, and still more preferably 3 seconds or more and 20 seconds or less, because the degree of cleaning of the PVA-based resin film is affected by the temperature of the cleaning bath. The cleaning step may be performed only 1 time, or may be performed as many times as necessary.
The drying step is a step of drying the PVA-based resin film washed in the washing step to obtain a polarizing element. The drying may be performed by any appropriate method, and examples thereof include natural drying, forced air drying, and heat drying.
The production method 2 can be produced by a process of applying a coating liquid containing a PVA-based resin onto a base film, a process of uniaxially stretching the obtained laminated film, a process of adsorbing a dichroic dye by dyeing the PVA-based resin layer of the uniaxially stretched laminated film with the dichroic dye, a process of producing a polarizing element, a process of treating the film adsorbed with the dichroic dye with an aqueous boric acid solution, and a process of washing with water after the treatment with the aqueous boric acid solution. The base film used for forming the polarizing element may be used as a protective layer for the polarizing element. The base film may be peeled off from the polarizing element as needed.
Transparent protective film
The transparent protective film (hereinafter also simply referred to as "protective film") used in the present embodiment is attached to at least one surface of the polarizing element via an adhesive layer. The transparent protective film is bonded to one or both sides of the polarizing element, but is preferably bonded to both sides.
The protective film may have other optical functions at the same time, or may be formed in a laminated structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated. From the viewpoint of optical characteristics, the film thickness of the protective film is preferably thin, but if too thin, the strength is reduced and the workability is poor. The film thickness is preferably 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or more and 80 μm or less, and still more preferably 15 μm or more and 70 μm or less.
As the protective film, a cellulose acylate-based film, a film containing a polycarbonate-based resin, a film containing a cycloolefin-based resin such as norbornene, a (meth) acrylic polymer film, a polyester resin-based film such as polyethylene terephthalate, and the like can be used. When the protective film is bonded to both surfaces of the polarizing element using an aqueous adhesive such as PVA adhesive, it is preferable that at least one of the protective films is either a cellulose acylate-based film or a (meth) acrylic polymer film in terms of moisture permeability, and among these, cellulose acylate films are preferable.
At least one of the protective films may have a phase difference function for the purpose of viewing angle compensation or the like. In this case, the protective film itself may have a retardation function, or may have a retardation layer separately, or may be a combination of both. The film having the retardation function may be directly bonded to the polarizing element via an adhesive, but may be bonded via an adhesive or an adhesive with another protective film bonded to the polarizing element interposed therebetween.
< adhesive layer >
An adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor is used as an adhesive constituting an adhesive layer for bonding a protective film to a polarizing element. The adhesive may be an aqueous adhesive, a solvent-based adhesive, an active energy ray-curable adhesive, or the like, but is preferably an aqueous adhesive, and preferably contains a PVA-based resin. By using an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor, a decrease in transmittance of the polarizing plate in a high-temperature environment can be suppressed.
The thickness of the adhesive at the time of application may be set to any value, and may be set such that an adhesive layer having a desired thickness is obtained after curing or after heating (drying), for example. The thickness of the adhesive layer including the adhesive is preferably 0.01 μm or more and 7 μm or less, more preferably 0.01 μm or more and 5 μm or less, still more preferably 0.01 μm or more and 2 μm or less, and most preferably 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less.
The following description of the adhesive is described in terms of a preferable range in the case where the polarizing element is not made to contain an ammonium ion donor at the time of manufacturing the polarizing element. In the case of incorporating the ammonium ion donor into the polarizing element, the following values may be appropriately adjusted. As a specific example of the ammonium ion donor, the same ammonium ion donor as that contained in the polarizing element described above can be used. In the process of forming the adhesive layer through the drying step at the time of bonding the polarizing element and the protective film, a part of the ammonium ion donor may move from the adhesive layer to the polarizing element or the like.
When the adhesive is an aqueous adhesive containing a PVA-based resin, the content of the ammonium ion donor in the adhesive is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 300 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1.5 parts by mass or more and 250 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less, or may be 100 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the PVA-based resin. If the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the high-temperature durability improving effect may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the content of the ammonium ion donor is more than 300 parts by mass, crystals may be precipitated after drying.
In the structure in which the transparent protective film is bonded to both surfaces of the polarizing element via the adhesive layer, only one of the adhesive layers on both surfaces of the polarizing element may be a layer containing an ammonium ion donor, but it is preferable that both adhesive layers are layers containing an ammonium ion donor.
In response to the demand for thickness reduction of the polarizing plate, a polarizing plate having a transparent protective film on only one surface of the polarizing element has been developed. In this structure, a transparent protective film is also laminated via an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor. As a method for producing such a polarizing plate having a transparent protective film on only one surface of a polarizing element, a method may be considered in which a polarizing plate having transparent protective films bonded to both surfaces thereof via an adhesive layer is produced, and then one transparent protective film is peeled off. In the case of using such a production method, only which adhesive layer contains the ammonium ion donor may be used, but it is preferable that both adhesive layers contain the ammonium ion donor. When the adhesive layer containing the ammonium ion donor is used only for one surface of the polarizing element, the adhesive layer on the film side that does not peel off preferably contains the ammonium ion donor.
(aqueous adhesive)
Any suitable aqueous adhesive may be used as the aqueous adhesive, and an aqueous adhesive containing a PVA-based resin (PVA-based adhesive) is preferably used. The average polymerization degree of the PVA-based resin contained in the aqueous adhesive is preferably 100 to 5500, more preferably 1000 to 4500, from the viewpoint of adhesion. The average saponification degree is preferably 85 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, from the viewpoint of adhesion.
The PVA-based resin contained in the aqueous adhesive is preferably an acetoacetyl group-containing resin because the PVA-based resin layer has excellent adhesion to the protective film and excellent durability. The acetoacetyl group-containing PVA-based resin can be obtained, for example, by reacting a PVA-based resin with diketene by any method. The degree of acetoacetyl modification of the acetoacetyl-containing PVA resin is typically 0.1 mol% or more, preferably 0.1 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less. The resin concentration of the aqueous adhesive is preferably 0.1 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less, and more preferably 0.5 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less.
The aqueous adhesive may contain a crosslinking agent. As the crosslinking agent, a known crosslinking agent can be used. Examples of the crosslinking agent include water-soluble epoxy compounds, dialdehydes, and isocyanates.
In the case where the PVA-based resin is an acetoacetyl group-containing PVA-based resin, the crosslinking agent is preferably any of glyoxal, glyoxylate, and methylolmelamine, more preferably any of glyoxal and glyoxylate, and particularly preferably glyoxal.
The aqueous adhesive may contain an organic solvent. The organic solvent is preferably an alcohol in view of having miscibility with water, and methanol or ethanol is more preferred among the alcohols. The concentration of methanol in the aqueous adhesive is preferably 10% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and still more preferably 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less. By setting the concentration of methanol to 10 mass% or more, the polyvinyl alcohol of the PVA-based resin in a high-temperature environment can be easily further suppressed. Further, by setting the content of methanol to 70 mass% or less, deterioration of the color tone can be suppressed. Some urea derivatives have a low solubility in water, but a sufficient solubility in alcohol. In this case, it is also one of preferable modes to prepare an adhesive by dissolving a urea compound in an alcohol to prepare an alcohol solution of the urea compound and then adding the alcohol solution of the urea compound to an aqueous PVA solution.
(active energy ray-curable adhesive)
The active energy ray-curable adhesive is an adhesive cured by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, and examples thereof include adhesives containing a polymerizable compound and a photopolymerization initiator, adhesives containing a photoreactive resin, adhesives containing a binder resin and a photoreactive crosslinking agent, and the like. Examples of the polymerizable compound include photopolymerizable monomers such as photocurable epoxy monomers, photocurable acrylic monomers, and photocurable urethane monomers, and oligomers derived from these monomers. The photopolymerization initiator may be a compound containing an active species such as a neutral radical, an anionic radical, or a cationic radical generated by irradiation with an active energy ray such as ultraviolet rays.
(Urea-based Compound)
The adhesive may further contain at least 1 urea compound selected from urea, urea derivatives, thiourea and thiourea derivatives. By including the urea compound in the adhesive layer containing the adhesive, the high-temperature durability can be further improved. In the process of forming the adhesive layer by the adhesive through the drying step at the time of adhesion with the protective film, a part of the urea compound may move from the adhesive layer to the polarizing element or the like. The urea-based compound may be any of water-soluble compounds and poorly-soluble compounds. When a poorly soluble urea compound is used in the water-soluble adhesive, the dispersing method is preferably designed so that turbidity or the like does not increase after the adhesive layer is formed.
When the adhesive is an aqueous adhesive containing a PVA-based resin, the amount of the urea-based compound to be added is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and 400 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 3 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of PVA.
(Urea derivative)
Urea derivatives are compounds in which at least 1 of the 4 hydrogen atoms of the urea molecule are substituted with substituents. In this case, the substituent is not particularly limited, and a substituent containing a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom is preferable.
Specific examples of urea derivatives include methyl urea, ethyl urea, propyl urea, butyl urea, isobutyl urea, N-octadecyl urea, 2-hydroxyethyl urea, hydroxy urea, acetyl urea, allyl urea, 2-propynyl urea, cyclohexyl urea, phenyl urea, 3-hydroxyphenyl urea, (4-methoxyphenyl) urea, benzyl urea, benzoyl urea, o-tolyl urea, and p-tolyl urea. Examples of the di-substituted urea include 1, 1-dimethylurea, 1, 3-dimethylurea, 1-diethylurea, 1, 3-di (hydroxymethyl) urea, 1, 3-t-butylurea, 1, 3-dicyclohexylurea, 1, 3-diphenylurea, 1, 3-di (4-methoxyphenyl) urea, 1-acetyl-3-methylurea, 2-imidazolidinone (ethyleneurea), and tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone (propyleneurea). Examples of the tetra-substituted urea include tetramethylurea, 1, 3-tetraethylurea, 1, 3-tetrabutylurea, 1, 3-dimethoxy-1, 3-dimethylurea, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and 1, 3-dimethyl-3, 4,5, 6-tetrahydro-2 (1H) -pyrimidinone.
(thiourea derivatives)
Thiourea derivatives are compounds in which at least 1 of the 4 hydrogen atoms of the thiourea molecule is substituted with a substituent. In this case, the substituent is not particularly limited, but a substituent containing a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom is preferable.
Specific examples of the thiourea derivatives include N-methyl thiourea, ethyl thiourea, propyl thiourea, isopropyl thiourea, 1-butyl thiourea, cyclohexyl thiourea, N-acetyl thiourea, N-allyl thiourea, (2-methoxyethyl) thiourea, N-phenyl thiourea, (4-methoxyphenyl) thiourea, N- (2-methoxyphenyl) thiourea, N- (1-naphthyl) thiourea, (2-pyridyl) thiourea, o-tolyl thiourea and p-tolyl thiourea. Examples of the di-substituted thiourea include 1, 1-dimethylthiourea, 1, 3-dimethylthiourea, 1-diethylthiourea, 1, 3-dibutylthiourea, 1, 3-diisopropylthiourea, 1, 3-dicyclohexylthiourea, N-diphenylthiourea, N '-diphenylthiourea, 1, 3-bis (o-tolyl) thiourea, 1, 3-bis (p-tolyl) thiourea, 1-benzyl-3-phenylthiourea, 1-methyl-3-phenylthiourea, N-allyl-N' - (2-hydroxyethyl) thiourea and ethylenethiourea. As the trisubstituted thiourea, trimethylthiourea is exemplified. The tetrasubstituted thiourea may be tetramethylthiourea or 1, 3-tetraethylthiourea.
Among the urea-based compounds, urea derivatives or thiourea derivatives are preferable, and urea derivatives are more preferable, in view of further suppressing the decrease in transmittance in a high-temperature environment when used in an image display device having an interlayer filling structure. Among the urea derivatives, a monosubstituted urea or a disubstituted urea is preferable, and a monosubstituted urea is more preferable. Among the disubstituted ureas are 1, 1-substituted urea and 1, 3-substituted urea, however 1, 3-substituted urea is more preferred.
< ammonium ion-donor-containing layer >
The ammonium ion donor is not limited to the case of being contained in the adhesive layer as described above, and may be contained in a layer other than the adhesive layer from the viewpoint of improving the high temperature durability of the polarizing plate. In the polarizing plate having the transparent protective film on only one side, the cured layer may be laminated on the side of the polarizing element opposite to the transparent protective film from the viewpoint of improving physical strength.
In the present embodiment, such a cured layer may be formed to contain an ammonium ion donor, and may be formed to contain an ammonium ion donor. Generally, such a cured layer is formed from a curable composition containing an organic solvent, and a method of forming such a cured layer from an aqueous solution of an active energy ray-curable polymer composition is described in paragraphs [0020] to [0042] of JP-A2017-075986. Since the amount of the water-soluble ammonium ion donor is large, the composition may contain the water-soluble ammonium ion donor.
The ammonium ion donor-containing layer preferably has at least 1 ammonium ion donor and a binder. The binder may be a polymer binder, a thermosetting resin binder, an active energy ray curable resin binder, or the like, and any binder may be preferably used.
The thickness of the ammonium ion donor-containing layer is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, more preferably 0.5 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and still more preferably 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
[ method for producing polarizing plate ]
The method for manufacturing a polarizing plate according to the present embodiment includes a water content adjustment step and a lamination step. In the water content adjustment step, when the polarizing plate having the feature (a) is manufactured, the water content of the polarizing element is adjusted so that the water content of the polarizing element is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃. The water content of the polarizing element can be adjusted in accordance with the description of the water content of the polarizing element. In the water content adjustment step, when the polarizing plate having the feature (b) is manufactured, the water content of the polarizing plate is adjusted so that the water content of the polarizing plate is equal to or higher than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and equal to or lower than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃. The water content of the polarizing plate can be adjusted in accordance with the description of the water content of the polarizing plate. In the lamination step, the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are laminated via the adhesive layer. In the lamination step, for example, a polarizing element which has not been subjected to a treatment for containing an ammonium ion donor is bonded to the transparent protective film with an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor. The order of the water content adjustment step and the lamination step is not limited, and the water content adjustment step and the lamination step may be performed in parallel.
[ Structure of image display device ]
The polarizing plate of the present embodiment is used for various image display devices such as a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL display device. In the case of an image display device having an interlayer filling structure configured such that both surfaces of a polarizing plate are in contact with a layer other than an air layer, specifically, a solid layer such as an adhesive layer, transmittance tends to be reduced in a high-temperature environment. In the image display device using the polarizing plate according to the present embodiment, even in the interlayer filling structure, the decrease in transmittance of the polarizing plate in a high-temperature environment can be suppressed. As the image display device, a structure having an image display unit, a 1 st adhesive layer laminated on the visible side surface of the image display unit, and a polarizing plate laminated on the visible side surface of the 1 st adhesive layer can be exemplified. The image display device may further have a 2 nd adhesive layer laminated on the visible side surface of the polarizing plate and a transparent member laminated on the surface of the 2 nd adhesive layer. In particular, the polarizing plate of the present embodiment can be suitably used in an image display device having an interlayer filling structure in which a transparent member is disposed on the visible side of the image display device, the polarizing plate and the image display unit are bonded by using the 1 st adhesive layer, and the polarizing plate and the transparent member are bonded by using the 2 nd adhesive layer. In this specification, either one or both of the 1 st adhesive layer and the 2 nd adhesive layer may be simply referred to as an "adhesive layer". The member used for bonding the polarizing plate to the image display unit and the member used for bonding the polarizing plate to the transparent member are not limited to the adhesive layer, and may be an adhesive layer.
< image display Unit >
Examples of the image display unit include a liquid crystal unit and an organic EL unit. As the liquid crystal cell, any one of a reflective liquid crystal cell using external light, a transmissive liquid crystal cell using light from a light source such as a backlight, and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective liquid crystal cell using both light from the outside and light from the light source can be used. In the case where the liquid crystal cell is a liquid crystal cell that uses light from a light source, the image display device (liquid crystal display device) is also provided with a polarizing plate on the side of the image display cell (liquid crystal cell) opposite to the viewing side, and the light source is also provided. The polarizing plate on the light source side and the liquid crystal cell are preferably bonded via an appropriate adhesive layer. As a driving method of the liquid crystal cell, for example, an optional type of driving method such as VA mode, IPS mode, TN mode, STN mode, and bend alignment (pi type) can be used.
As the organic EL unit, an organic EL unit or the like in which a transparent electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a metal electrode are sequentially stacked on a transparent substrate to form a light-emitting body (organic electroluminescent light-emitting body) can be suitably used. The organic light-emitting layer is a laminate of various organic thin films, and for example, various layer structures such as a laminate of a hole-injecting layer containing a triphenylamine derivative or the like and a light-emitting layer containing a fluorescent organic solid such as anthracene, a laminate of these light-emitting layers and an electron-injecting layer containing a perylene derivative or the like, or a laminate of a hole-injecting layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-injecting layer can be used.
< adhesion of image display Unit to polarizing plate >
In the lamination of the image display unit and the polarizing plate, an adhesive layer (adhesive sheet) may be suitably used. Among them, a method of bonding a polarizing plate with an adhesive layer, which is provided with an adhesive layer on one surface of the polarizing plate, to an image display unit is preferable from the viewpoint of workability and the like. The adhesive layer may be attached to the polarizing plate in an appropriate manner. As an example thereof, there may be mentioned: a method of preparing a binder solution in which 10 mass% or more and 40 mass% or less of a base polymer or a composition thereof is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent comprising a single or a mixture of appropriate solvents such as toluene and ethyl acetate, and directly attaching the binder solution to a polarizing plate by an appropriate development method such as a casting method and a coating method; and a method of forming an adhesive layer on the spacer and transferring it to a polarizing plate.
< adhesive layer >
The adhesive layer may be formed of 1 layer or 2 layers or more, but is preferably formed of 1 layer. The adhesive layer may be formed of an adhesive composition containing a (meth) acrylic resin, a rubber resin, a urethane resin, an ester resin, a silicone resin, and a polyvinyl ether resin as a main component. Among them, an adhesive composition containing a (meth) acrylic resin as a base polymer excellent in transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like is suitable. The adhesive composition may be an active energy ray-curable or thermosetting adhesive composition.
As the (meth) acrylic resin (base polymer) used in the adhesive composition, a polymer or copolymer containing 1 or 2 or more (meth) acrylic esters such as butyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate as monomers can be suitably used. The polar monomer is preferably copolymerized in the base polymer. Examples of the polar monomer include monomers having a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, an epoxy group, and the like, such as a (meth) acrylic acid compound, a 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate compound, a hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate compound, a (meth) acrylamide compound, an N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate compound, and a glycidyl (meth) acrylate compound.
The adhesive composition may comprise only the above base polymer, but usually also contains a crosslinking agent. Examples of the crosslinking agent include metal ions having a valence of 2 or more and forming a metal carboxylate between the metal ion and the carboxyl group; a polyamine compound forming an amide bond with a carboxyl group; polyepoxides or polyols which form ester bonds between them and the carboxyl groups; polyisocyanate compounds forming an amide bond with a carboxyl group. Among them, polyisocyanate compounds are preferable.
The active energy ray-curable adhesive composition has a property of being cured by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams, and has a property of having adhesiveness to an adherend such as a film even before irradiation with active energy rays and being cured by irradiation with active energy rays to thereby adjust an adhesive force. The active energy ray-curable adhesive composition is preferably an ultraviolet ray-curable adhesive composition. The active energy ray-curable adhesive composition contains an active energy ray-polymerizable compound in addition to the base polymer and the crosslinking agent. If necessary, a photopolymerization initiator, a photosensitizer, and the like may be contained.
The adhesive composition may contain additives such as microparticles, beads (resin beads, glass beads, etc.), glass fibers, resins other than the base polymer, tackifiers, fillers (metal powder, other inorganic powder, etc.), antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, dyes, pigments, colorants, defoamers, anticorrosive agents, photopolymerization initiators, etc. for imparting light scattering properties.
The adhesive layer may be formed by coating an organic solvent diluent of the above adhesive composition on the surface of a substrate film, an image display unit, or a polarizing plate and drying. The base film is usually a thermoplastic resin film, and a typical example thereof is a release film subjected to a release treatment. The release film may be, for example, a film obtained by subjecting the surface of a film containing a resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, or polyarylate, on which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed, to a release treatment such as silicone treatment.
The release-treated surface of the release film may be coated with the adhesive composition directly to form an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer with the release film may be laminated on the surface of the polarizing body. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be formed by directly applying the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition to the surface of the polarizing plate, and the release film may be laminated on the outer surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
When the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the polarizing plate, the bonding surface of the polarizing plate and/or the bonding surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably subjected to a surface activation treatment such as plasma treatment or corona treatment, and more preferably to corona treatment.
Alternatively, an adhesive sheet may be prepared in which the adhesive composition is applied to the 2 nd separator to form an adhesive layer, and the separator is laminated on the formed adhesive layer, and the separator-equipped adhesive layer after the 2 nd separator is peeled off from the adhesive sheet may be laminated on the polarizing plate. The 2 nd release film used was a film which was less strongly adhered to the adhesive layer than the release film and was easily peeled off.
The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 μm or more and 100 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and may be 20 μm or more.
< transparent Member >
Examples of the transparent member disposed on the visible side of the image display device include a transparent plate (window layer) and a touch panel. As the transparent plate, a transparent plate having appropriate mechanical strength and thickness is used. Examples of such a transparent plate include a transparent resin plate such as polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and polycarbonate resin, and a glass plate. A functional layer such as an antireflection layer may be laminated on the visible side of the transparent plate. In addition, when the transparent plate is a transparent resin plate, a hard coat layer may be laminated to improve physical strength, and a low moisture permeability layer may be laminated to reduce moisture permeability. As the touch panel, various touch panels such as a resistive film type, a capacitive type, an optical type, and an ultrasonic type, a glass plate having a touch sensor function, a transparent resin plate, and the like can be used. In the case of using a capacitive touch panel as the transparent member, a transparent plate made of glass or a transparent resin plate is preferably provided on the visible side with respect to the touch panel.
< adhesion of polarizing plate to transparent Member >
In the bonding of the polarizing plate and the transparent member, an adhesive or an active energy ray-curable adhesive may be suitably used. In the case of using an adhesive, the adhesive can be attached in an appropriate manner. Specific examples of the method of attaching include a method of attaching an adhesive layer used for attaching the image display unit and the polarizing plate.
In the case of using an active energy ray-curable adhesive, for the purpose of preventing the adhesive solution before curing from spreading, a method of providing a dam material so as to surround the peripheral edge portion on the image display panel, placing a transparent member on the dam material, and injecting the adhesive solution may be suitably used. After the injection of the adhesive solution, alignment and defoaming are performed as needed, and then active energy rays are irradiated to cure the adhesive solution.
Examples
The present invention will be specifically described below based on examples. The materials, reagents, amounts of materials, proportions thereof, operations and the like shown in the following examples may be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Thus, the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
(production of polarizing element 1)
A PVA film having a thickness of 40 μm, which is formed of PVA having an average polymerization degree of about 2400 and a saponification degree of 99.9 mol% or more, was uniaxially stretched to about 5 times in a dry manner, immersed in pure water at 60℃for 1 minute while maintaining the stretched state, and then immersed in an aqueous solution having a weight ratio of iodine/potassium iodide/water of 0.05/5/100 at 28℃for 60 seconds. Thereafter, the mixture was immersed in an aqueous solution having a weight ratio of potassium iodide/boric acid/water of 8.5/8.5/100 at 72℃for 300 seconds. Then, after washing with pure water at 26℃for 20 seconds, the resulting film was dried at 65℃to obtain a polarizing element 1 having a thickness of 15. Mu.m, in which iodine was adsorbed to PVA and oriented. For the measurement of the thickness of the polarizing element, a digital micrometer "MH-15M" manufactured by Nikon corporation was used.
(preparation of PVA solution for adhesive)
50g of an acetoacetyl group-containing modified PVA resin (GOHSENX Z-410, mitsubishi chemical Co., ltd.) was dissolved in 950g of pure water, heated at 90℃for 2 hours, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a PVA solution for adhesives.
In 1000g of the above PVA solution for adhesives, 15g of ammonium chloride was dissolved, and pure water was added thereto to adjust the PVA concentration to 3.0 mass%, thereby obtaining an adhesive 1.
In 1000g of the above PVA solution for adhesives, 15g of ammonium sulfate was dissolved, and pure water was further added thereto, whereby the PVA concentration was adjusted to 3.0 mass%, to obtain an adhesive 2.
To 1000g of the PVA solution for adhesive, pure water was further added, whereby the PVA concentration was adjusted to 3.0 mass%, and adhesive 3 was obtained.
(preparation of transparent protective film)
A commercially available cellulose acylate film TD40 (film thickness: 40 μm, manufactured by Fuji photo Co., ltd.) was immersed in a 1.5mol/L aqueous NaOH solution (saponification solution) kept at 55℃for 2 minutes, and then the film was washed with water. Thereafter, the membrane was immersed in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of 0.05mol/L at 25℃for 30 seconds, and then washed with water under running water for 30 seconds to thereby bring the membrane into a neutral state. After that, the water was removed by repeating the water removal with an air knife 3 times, and then the film was dried by leaving the film in a drying zone at 70 ℃ for 15 seconds, thereby producing a film subjected to saponification treatment as the transparent protective film 1.
(production of polarizing plate)
The transparent protective film 1 is bonded to both sides of the polarizing element 1 via the adhesive 1 using a roll laminator. After lamination, the laminate was dried at 80℃for 5 minutes to obtain a polarizing plate 1. The thickness of the adhesive layer after drying was adjusted so that the thickness was 100nm on both sides.
Polarizing plate 2 and polarizing plate 3 were produced by the same method as that for producing polarizing plate 1, except that adhesive 2 or adhesive 3 was used instead of adhesive 1.
(adjustment of Water content of polarizing plate (polarizing element))
The polarizing plates 1 to 3 obtained above were stored at a temperature of 20℃for 72 hours under a relative humidity of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or 55%. The water content was measured by the karl-fischer method at 66 hours, 69 hours and 72 hours of storage. The water content was unchanged at 66 hours, 69 hours and 72 hours under any humidity conditions. Therefore, the water content of the polarizing plates 1 to 3 can be regarded as the same as the equilibrium water content in the storage environment. When the water content of the polarizing plate is balanced in a certain storage environment, it can be considered that the water content of the polarizing element in the polarizing plate is balanced in the same storage environment. In addition, when the water content of the polarizing element in the polarizing plate is balanced in a certain storage environment, it can be considered that the water content of the polarizing plate is balanced in the storage environment as well.
(production of optical laminate)
The polarizing plates 1 to 3 were stored at a temperature of 20℃and a relative humidity of 40%, 50% or 55% for 72 hours. Optical laminates 1 to 6 adjusted to the water contents shown in table 1 were obtained.
Acrylic adhesives (model #7, manufactured by LINTEC Co., ltd.) were formed on both sides of the optical laminates 1 to 6 having the water content adjusted, and then cut into a size of 50mm by 100 mm. An alkali-free glass (EAGLE XG, manufactured by Corning corporation) was attached to each adhesive surface, and an evaluation sample was produced.
(evaluation of transmittance of monomer after high temperature durability test (95 ℃ C.))
For the evaluation sample, the temperature was 50℃and the pressure was 5kgf/cm 2 (490.3 kPa) after 1-hour autoclave treatment, a ring having a temperature of 23℃and a relative humidity of 55% was formedThe mixture was left in the environment for 24 hours. Thereafter, the transmittance (initial value) was measured, and the film was stored in a heating environment at a temperature of 95℃for every 50 hours until 100 to 200 hours. Based on the time when the decrease in transmittance was 5% or more with respect to the initial value, evaluation was performed in accordance with the following criteria. The results obtained are shown in table 1.
Samples with a decrease in transmittance of 5% or less after 200 hours: a is that
Samples with transmittance reduction of 5% or more in 150 to 200 hours: b (B)
Samples with transmittance reduction of 5% or more in 100 to 150 hours: c (C)
Samples with a transmittance decrease of 5% or more at the time after 100 hours: d (D)
TABLE 1
It was found that the polarizing plates (optical layered bodies 1 to 3) each having a polarizing element and a transparent protective film and having a polarizing element and a transparent protective film bonded to each other by an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor, the polarizing plates having a water content of not less than 30% in relative humidity at 20 ℃ and not more than 50% in relative humidity at 20 ℃ were hardly reduced in transmittance and excellent in high-temperature durability even when exposed to a high-temperature environment at 95 ℃ for a long period of time.
Claims (11)
1. A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and oriented, and a transparent protective film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing element,
the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded by an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor,
the water content of the polarizing element is more than the equilibrium water content of 30% relative humidity at 20 ℃ and less than the equilibrium water content of 50% relative humidity at 20 ℃.
2. A polarizing plate comprising a polarizing element in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed to a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and oriented, and a transparent protective film laminated on at least one surface of the polarizing element,
the polarizing element and the transparent protective film are bonded by an adhesive layer formed by an adhesive containing an ammonium ion donor,
the water content of the polarizing plate is more than the equilibrium water content of 30% of the relative humidity at the temperature of 20 ℃ and less than the equilibrium water content of 50% of the relative humidity at the temperature of 20 ℃.
3. The polarizing plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the adhesive contains a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
4. The polarizing plate according to claim 3, wherein,
The content of the ammonium ion donor in the adhesive is 1 to 300 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin.
5. The polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein,
the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.01 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
6. The polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein,
the ammonium ion donor includes at least 1 selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride, ammonium acetate, and ammonium oxalate.
7. The polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the polarizing plate is used for an image display device,
in the image display device, solid layers are provided on both surfaces of the polarizing plate so as to be in contact with both surfaces of the polarizing plate.
8. An image display device having an image display unit, a 1 st adhesive layer laminated on a visible side surface of the image display unit, and the polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 7 laminated on a visible side surface of the 1 st adhesive layer.
9. The image display device according to claim 8, further comprising a 2 nd adhesive layer laminated on a visible side surface of the polarizing plate and a transparent member laminated on a visible side surface of the 2 nd adhesive layer.
10. The image display device according to claim 9, wherein,
the transparent member is a glass plate or a transparent resin plate.
11. The image display device according to claim 9, wherein,
the transparent member is a touch panel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020-168431 | 2020-10-05 | ||
JP2020168431A JP2022060764A (en) | 2020-10-05 | 2020-10-05 | Polarizing plate and image display device |
PCT/JP2021/035864 WO2022075147A1 (en) | 2020-10-05 | 2021-09-29 | Polarizing plate, and image display device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116323201A true CN116323201A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
Family
ID=81125359
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180066823.2A Pending CN116323201A (en) | 2020-10-05 | 2021-09-29 | Polarizing plate and image display device |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2022060764A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20230076853A (en) |
CN (1) | CN116323201A (en) |
TW (1) | TW202222558A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022075147A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3539170B2 (en) | 1997-12-15 | 2004-07-07 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Liquid crystal panel, electronic device, and method for manufacturing electronic device |
WO2005085383A1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-15 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Water-based adhesive for polarizing element and polarizer obtained with the same |
JP2005326531A (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-24 | Nitto Denko Corp | Polarizing plate equipped with protecting film, manufacturing method therefor, and image display device using polarizing plate |
JP2006168243A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-29 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | Laminate obtained by using aqueous adhesive composition |
JP2011197282A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-10-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Polarizing plate, method for evaluating the same, and method for producing the same |
KR101260695B1 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-05-10 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | Adhesive composition for polarizer and polarizer using the same |
JP5604331B2 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2014-10-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP6071459B2 (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2017-02-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | Polarizing plate, image display device, and manufacturing method thereof |
CN105899632B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2018-02-13 | Lg化学株式会社 | For the resin binder based on polyvinyl alcohol of Polarizer, the Polarizer comprising the adhesive, and image display |
KR20220103738A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-07-22 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | Polarizing plate and image display device using the polarizing plate |
-
2020
- 2020-10-05 JP JP2020168431A patent/JP2022060764A/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-09-29 KR KR1020237014749A patent/KR20230076853A/en unknown
- 2021-09-29 CN CN202180066823.2A patent/CN116323201A/en active Pending
- 2021-09-29 WO PCT/JP2021/035864 patent/WO2022075147A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-10-01 TW TW110136724A patent/TW202222558A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW202222558A (en) | 2022-06-16 |
WO2022075147A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
KR20230076853A (en) | 2023-05-31 |
JP2022060764A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2021095541A1 (en) | Polarization plate and image display device using said polarization plate | |
WO2020230717A1 (en) | Polarizing plate, method for manufacturing polarizing plate, and image display device using said polarizing plate | |
CN116323202A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN116249622A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN116323201A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
JP7499673B2 (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN116323190A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN116323209A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN116324540A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN116323847A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device | |
CN117677873A (en) | Polarizing element, polarizing plate, and image display device | |
CN117930412A (en) | Polarizing plate | |
CN116324543A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device using same | |
KR20220125781A (en) | Polarizing plate and image display device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |