CN116313210A - A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer - Google Patents

A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116313210A
CN116313210A CN202310151913.2A CN202310151913A CN116313210A CN 116313210 A CN116313210 A CN 116313210A CN 202310151913 A CN202310151913 A CN 202310151913A CN 116313210 A CN116313210 A CN 116313210A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
heat
metal runner
thermoelectric
isotope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310151913.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
请求不公布姓名
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Super Micro Era (Chongqing) Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.
Original Assignee
Neutron High Tech Industry Development Chongqing Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Neutron High Tech Industry Development Chongqing Co ltd filed Critical Neutron High Tech Industry Development Chongqing Co ltd
Priority to CN202310151913.2A priority Critical patent/CN116313210A/en
Publication of CN116313210A publication Critical patent/CN116313210A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21HOBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
    • G21H1/00Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
    • G21H1/10Cells in which radiation heats a thermoelectric junction or a thermionic converter
    • G21H1/103Cells provided with thermo-electric generators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, which comprises a first liquid metal runner, a second liquid metal runner, an isotope radiation heat source, a thermoelectric element and a heat insulation layer, wherein the isotope radiation heat source is fixedly arranged in the first liquid metal runner; the heat insulation layer is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal runner, the second liquid metal runner is covered outside the heat insulation layer, and liquid metal media are respectively filled in the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner; the thermoelectric element is fixedly arranged at the top of the second liquid metal runner, and the lower end of the thermoelectric element penetrates through the second liquid metal runner and the heat insulation layer in sequence and extends into the first liquid metal runner. The invention has the beneficial effects of simple structure and reasonable design, provides the design of the isotope battery without a bearing piece and with good heat dissipation performance, effectively improves the working environment of the thermoelectric element and prolongs the service life of the battery.

Description

一种基于液态金属传热的长寿命温差发电同位素电池A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及能源技术领域,具体涉及一种基于液态金属传热的长寿命温差发电同位素电池。The invention relates to the field of energy technology, in particular to a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer.

背景技术Background technique

人类活动逐渐面向外太空、深海、极地、荒漠等,这些地方需要能长时间稳定提供电能的电源装置,普通电池已难以满足这些活动的需要。化学电池工作寿命有限,光伏电池强烈依赖太阳光,且性能还受到外太空中的宇宙射线影响。相比于普通电池,放射性同位素电池具有工作寿命长、可靠性高、能量密度大、体积小等特点,这些特点使放射性同位素电池成为航天、深海等领域最佳的电源。Human activities are gradually facing outer space, deep sea, polar regions, deserts, etc. These places need power supply devices that can provide power for a long time and stably. Ordinary batteries are no longer able to meet the needs of these activities. Chemical batteries have a limited working life, and photovoltaic cells are strongly dependent on sunlight, and their performance is also affected by cosmic rays in outer space. Compared with ordinary batteries, radioisotope batteries have the characteristics of long working life, high reliability, high energy density, and small size. These characteristics make radioisotope batteries the best power supply in aerospace, deep sea and other fields.

但是,同位素电池的使用时间受限于热电元件的寿命,而热电元件的使用环境较为恶劣,它在充当传热途径,忍受高温环境下还需要作为承力部件,尤其是在发射和登陆阶段,在高加速的振动环境下,热电元件的力学性能受到很大的考虑,尤其是换能材料与绝缘材料的焊接层,可能会出现撕裂或脱落情况,这也是同位素电池的寿命不如预期的原因。However, the service time of the isotope battery is limited by the life of the thermoelectric element, and the use environment of the thermoelectric element is relatively harsh. It serves as a heat transfer path and needs to be used as a load-bearing component in a high-temperature environment, especially during the launch and landing stages. In a highly accelerated vibration environment, the mechanical properties of the thermoelectric element are greatly considered, especially the welding layer of the transducing material and the insulating material, which may tear or fall off, which is why the life of the isotope battery is not as expected. .

同时,核电池为了保障发电效率,要求热量尽可能的从热源-热电元件-外部环境的传热途径中传导,而在一般的核电池传热过程中,需要通过热辐射+固体热传导的方式,该传导途径依赖于固体传热通道的可靠性,一旦核电池收到外力作用如振动等环境,可能造成固体结构的扭曲或损坏,则可能造成热电元件的热量无法传递,形成核电池内部热积累现象,造成元件的寿命降低。At the same time, in order to ensure power generation efficiency, nuclear batteries require heat to be conducted from the heat source-thermoelectric element-external environment as much as possible. In the heat transfer process of general nuclear batteries, heat radiation + solid heat conduction is required. This conduction path depends on the reliability of the solid heat transfer channel. Once the nuclear battery receives external forces such as vibration and other environments, it may cause distortion or damage to the solid structure, which may cause the heat of the thermoelectric element to fail to transfer, forming heat accumulation inside the nuclear battery. Phenomenon, resulting in reduced component life.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于液态金属传热的长寿命温差发电同位素电池,旨在解决现有技术中的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.

本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:

一种基于液态金属传热的长寿命温差发电同位素电池,包括第一液态金属流道、第二液态金属流道、同位素放射热源、热电元件和隔热层,所述同位素放射热源固定安装在所述第一液态金属流道内;所述隔热层固定套设在所述第一液态金属流道外,所述第二液态金属流道罩在所述隔热层外,且所述第一液态金属流道和所述第二液态金属流道内分别填充有液态金属介质;所述热电元件固定安装在所述第二液态金属流道的顶部,其下端穿过依次穿过所述第二液态金属流道及所述隔热层延伸至所述第一液态金属流道内。A long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, comprising a first liquid metal flow channel, a second liquid metal flow channel, an isotope radiation heat source, a thermoelectric element and a heat insulation layer, and the isotope radiation heat source is fixedly installed on the The first liquid metal flow channel; the heat insulation layer is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal flow channel, the second liquid metal flow channel is covered outside the heat insulation layer, and the first liquid metal The flow channel and the second liquid metal flow channel are respectively filled with liquid metal medium; the thermoelectric element is fixedly installed on the top of the second liquid metal flow channel, and its lower end passes through the second liquid metal flow channel in sequence. The channel and the heat insulation layer extend into the first liquid metal flow channel.

本发明的有益效果是:温差发电过程:同位素放射热源向第一液态金属流道发射衰变热辐射,加热第一液态金属流道内的液态金属介质,并使其与第二液态金属流道的液态金属介质产生温差;不同温差的两条流道通过热电元件的两端,使热电元件因温差发电形成完整电路;The beneficial effects of the present invention are: thermoelectric power generation process: the isotope radiation heat source emits decay heat radiation to the first liquid metal flow channel, heats the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel, and makes it merge with the liquid state of the second liquid metal flow channel The metal medium produces a temperature difference; two flow channels with different temperature differences pass through the two ends of the thermoelectric element, so that the thermoelectric element generates electricity due to the temperature difference to form a complete circuit;

自发运行过程:热电元件发电产生的电流形成电磁场,第一液态金属流道和第二液态金属流道中的液态金属介质切割该电磁场的磁感线,并受到电磁力作用在各自的流道中循环流动;Spontaneous operation process: the current generated by the thermoelectric element forms an electromagnetic field, and the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel and the second liquid metal flow channel cuts the magnetic field lines of the electromagnetic field, and is subjected to electromagnetic force to circulate in the respective flow channels ;

换热过程:第一液态金属流道和第二液态金属流道在热电元件中进行局部热交换,将热量传导到外界;Heat exchange process: the first liquid metal flow channel and the second liquid metal flow channel conduct local heat exchange in the thermoelectric element, and conduct heat to the outside;

此外,隔热层作为夹层紧贴第一液态金属流道和第二液态金属流道之间,保证两流道的温差。In addition, the heat insulation layer acts as an interlayer and is closely attached between the first liquid metal flow channel and the second liquid metal flow channel to ensure the temperature difference between the two flow channels.

本发明结构简单,设计合理,提供一种无承力件、散热性能良好的同位素电池的设计,有效改善了热电元件的工作环境,提高了电池寿命。The invention has a simple structure and a reasonable design, provides a design of an isotope battery with no load-bearing parts and good heat dissipation performance, effectively improves the working environment of the thermoelectric element, and prolongs the battery life.

在上述技术方案的基础上,本发明还可以做如下改进。On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

进一步,所述第一液态金属流道和/或所述第二液态金属流道和/或所述隔热层分别呈圆筒状结构。Furthermore, the first liquid metal flow channel and/or the second liquid metal flow channel and/or the heat insulation layer respectively have a cylindrical structure.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是结构简单,设计合理,整齐美观,占用空间小。The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, neat and beautiful, and the occupied space is small.

进一步,所述第二液态金属流道的外侧壁上沿其周向均匀间隔固定安装有多个散热翅片。Further, a plurality of heat dissipation fins are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the second liquid metal flow channel at uniform intervals along its circumference.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是结构简单,设计合理,通过多个散热翅片辅助第二液态金属流道进行散热,进一步提高散热的效果。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that the structure is simple and the design is reasonable, and the cooling effect is further improved by assisting the second liquid metal flow channel to dissipate heat through a plurality of cooling fins.

进一步,所述同位素放射热源为带有衰变热效应的α放射源或β放射源。Further, the isotope radiation heat source is an alpha radiation source or a beta radiation source with a decay heat effect.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是设计合理,α放射源和β放射源放射性强,保证有足够的热量加热第一液态金属流道内的液态金属介质。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the design is reasonable, the α radiation source and the β radiation source are highly radioactive, and sufficient heat is ensured to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel.

进一步,所述同位素放射热源为Pu238或Po210。Further, the isotope radiation heat source is Pu238 or Po210.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是设计合理,Pu238和Po210的放射性强,保证有足够的热量加热第一液态金属流道内的液态金属介质。The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the design is reasonable, and the radioactivity of Pu238 and Po210 is strong, ensuring sufficient heat to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel.

进一步,所述热电元件采用氮化铝电绝缘导热陶瓷基板。Further, the thermoelectric element adopts an aluminum nitride electrically insulating and heat-conducting ceramic substrate.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是结构简单,设计合理,采用氮化铝电绝缘导热陶瓷基板,其不再承受任何结构力,只通过管道卡箍等设计固定在两条流道表面,其中温差发电元件热端固定在第一液态金属流道上,冷端固定在第二液态金属流道上,整个热电元件占用面积小。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further scheme is that the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, and the aluminum nitride electrical insulation and heat conduction ceramic substrate is used, which no longer bears any structural force, and is only fixed on the surface of the two flow channels through the design of pipe clamps, etc., in which the temperature difference generates electricity The hot end of the element is fixed on the first liquid metal flow channel, and the cold end is fixed on the second liquid metal flow channel, so that the entire thermoelectric element occupies a small area.

进一步,所述第一液态金属流道和/或所述第二液态金属流道采用Nb-1Zr材料制成,且所述液态金属介质为Li或Na-K。Further, the first liquid metal flow channel and/or the second liquid metal flow channel are made of Nb-1Zr material, and the liquid metal medium is Li or Na-K.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是结构简单,设计合理,加热及换热快,且不影响磁感线的切割以使得第一液态金属流道和述第二液态金属流道内的液态金属介质循环流动。The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, the heating and heat exchange are fast, and the cutting of the magnetic field lines is not affected so that the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel and the second liquid metal flow channel circulates. .

进一步,所述隔热层采用微孔绝热材料制成,且其热导率≤0.025W/m。Further, the heat insulation layer is made of microporous heat insulation material, and its thermal conductivity is ≤0.025W/m.

采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是选择合理,通过隔热层可保证第一液态金属流道和第二液态金属流道之间存在温差,以便热电元件进行发电。The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the selection is reasonable, and the temperature difference between the first liquid metal flow channel and the second liquid metal flow channel can be ensured through the heat insulation layer, so that the thermoelectric element can generate electricity.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的俯视图;Fig. 1 is the top view of the present invention;

图2为本发明的纵向剖视图;Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;

图3为本发明的横向剖视图。Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the present invention.

附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:

1、同位素放射热源;2、第一液态金属流道;3、隔热层;4、散热翅片;5、第二液态金属流道;6、热电元件。1. Isotope radiation heat source; 2. First liquid metal flow channel; 3. Heat insulation layer; 4. Radiating fins; 5. Second liquid metal flow channel; 6. Thermoelectric element.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner" and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and Simplified descriptions, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific situations.

下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

实施例1Example 1

如图1至图3所示,本实施例提供一种基于液态金属传热的长寿命温差发电同位素电池,包括第一液态金属流道2、第二液态金属流道5、同位素放射热源1、热电元件6和隔热层3,同位素放射热源1固定安装在第一液态金属流道2内;隔热层3固定套设在第一液态金属流道2外,第二液态金属流道5罩在隔热层3外,且第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5内分别填充有液态金属介质;热电元件6固定安装在第二液态金属流道5的顶部,其下端穿过依次穿过第二液态金属流道5及隔热层3延伸至第一液态金属流道2内。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, this embodiment provides a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, including a first liquid metal flow channel 2, a second liquid metal flow channel 5, an isotope radiation heat source 1, The thermoelectric element 6 and the heat insulation layer 3, the isotope radiation heat source 1 is fixedly installed in the first liquid metal flow channel 2; the heat insulation layer 3 is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal flow channel 2, and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 is covered Outside the heat insulation layer 3, the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 are respectively filled with liquid metal medium; the thermoelectric element 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the second liquid metal flow channel 5, and its lower end wears It passes through the second liquid metal flow channel 5 and the heat insulation layer 3 in turn and extends into the first liquid metal flow channel 2 .

温差发电过程:同位素放射热源1向第一液态金属流道2发射衰变热辐射,加热第一液态金属流道2内的液态金属介质,并使其与第二液态金属流道5的液态金属介质产生温差;不同温差的两条流道通过热电元件6的两端,使热电元件6因温差发电形成完整电路;Thermoelectric power generation process: the isotope radiation heat source 1 emits decay heat radiation to the first liquid metal flow channel 2, heats the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2, and makes it contact with the liquid metal medium in the second liquid metal flow channel 5 A temperature difference is generated; two flow channels with different temperature differences pass through both ends of the thermoelectric element 6, so that the thermoelectric element 6 generates electricity due to the temperature difference to form a complete circuit;

自发运行过程:热电元件6发电产生的电流形成电磁场,第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5中的液态金属介质切割该电磁场的磁感线,并受到电磁力作用在各自的流道中循环流动;Spontaneous operation process: the electric current generated by the thermoelectric element 6 forms an electromagnetic field, and the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 cuts the magnetic field lines of the electromagnetic field, and is acted on by the electromagnetic force on the respective Circulating flow in the flow channel;

换热过程:第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5在热电元件6中进行局部热交换,将热量传导到外界;Heat exchange process: the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 perform local heat exchange in the thermoelectric element 6, and conduct heat to the outside;

此外,隔热层3作为夹层紧贴第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5之间,保证两流道的温差。In addition, the heat insulation layer 3 acts as an interlayer and is closely attached between the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 to ensure the temperature difference between the two flow channels.

本实施例结构简单,设计合理,提供一种无承力件、散热性能良好的同位素电池的设计,有效改善了热电元件的工作环境,提高了电池寿命。This embodiment has a simple structure and a reasonable design, and provides a design of an isotope battery with no load-bearing parts and good heat dissipation performance, which effectively improves the working environment of the thermoelectric element and prolongs the battery life.

实施例2Example 2

在实施例1的基础上,本实施例中,第一液态金属流道2和/或第二液态金属流道5和/或隔热层3分别呈圆筒状结构。On the basis of Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and/or the second liquid metal flow channel 5 and/or the heat insulation layer 3 respectively have a cylindrical structure.

该方案结构简单,设计合理,整齐美观,占用空间小。The scheme is simple in structure, reasonable in design, neat and beautiful, and takes up little space.

除上述实施方式外,上述第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5和隔热层3也可以采用其他适宜的形状,例如矩形体状结构。In addition to the above embodiments, the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 and the heat insulation layer 3 may also adopt other suitable shapes, such as a rectangular structure.

实施例3Example 3

在实施例2的基础上,本实施例中,第二液态金属流道5的外侧壁上沿其周向均匀间隔固定安装有多个散热翅片4。On the basis of Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, a plurality of cooling fins 4 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the second liquid metal flow channel 5 at uniform intervals along its circumferential direction.

该方案结构简单,设计合理,通过多个散热翅片4辅助第二液态金属流道5进行散热,进一步提高散热的效果。The solution is simple in structure and reasonable in design, and the heat dissipation effect is further improved by assisting the second liquid metal flow channel 5 to dissipate heat through a plurality of cooling fins 4 .

上述第二液态金属流道5通过散热翅片4与外部环境直接进行热交换,将剩余热量排出并保障低温侧温度。The above-mentioned second liquid metal flow channel 5 directly exchanges heat with the external environment through the cooling fins 4 to discharge the remaining heat and ensure the temperature of the low temperature side.

优选地,本实施例中,散热翅片4的数量优选八个,八个散热翅片4均匀间隔固定安装在第二液态金属流道5上。Preferably, in this embodiment, the number of heat dissipation fins 4 is preferably eight, and the eight heat dissipation fins 4 are evenly spaced and fixedly installed on the second liquid metal flow channel 5 .

另外,每个散热翅片4均沿第二液态金属流道5的轴向延伸,其一侧与第二液态金属流道5的外壁固定连接,另一侧沿第二液态金属流道5的径向延伸。In addition, each cooling fin 4 extends along the axial direction of the second liquid metal flow channel 5, one side of which is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the second liquid metal flow channel 5, and the other side extends along the outer wall of the second liquid metal flow channel 5. radial extension.

实施例4Example 4

在上述各实施例的基础上,本实施例中,同位素放射热源1为带有衰变热效应的α放射源或β放射源。On the basis of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the isotope radiation heat source 1 is an α radiation source or a β radiation source with a decay heat effect.

该方案设计合理,α放射源和β放射源放射性强,保证有足够的热量加热第一液态金属流道2内的液态金属介质。The design of the scheme is reasonable, and the α radiation source and the β radiation source are highly radioactive, ensuring sufficient heat to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2 .

实施例5Example 5

在实施例4的基础上,本实施例中,同位素放射热源1为Pu238或Po210。On the basis of Example 4, in this example, the isotope radiation heat source 1 is Pu238 or Po210.

该方案设计合理,Pu238和Po210的放射性强,保证有足够的热量加热第一液态金属流道2内的液态金属介质,使得第一液态金属流道2内的液态金属介质与第二液态金属流道5内的液态金属介质产生温差。The design of this scheme is reasonable, and the radioactivity of Pu238 and Po210 is strong, which ensures that there is enough heat to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2, so that the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow The liquid metal medium in channel 5 produces a temperature difference.

实施例6Example 6

在上述各实施例的基础上,本实施例中,热电元件6采用氮化铝电绝缘导热陶瓷基板。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the thermoelectric element 6 adopts an aluminum nitride electrically insulating and heat-conducting ceramic substrate.

该方案结构简单,设计合理,采用氮化铝电绝缘导热陶瓷基板,其不再承受任何结构力,只通过管道卡箍等设计固定在两条流道表面,其中温差发电元件6热端固定在第一液态金属流道2上,冷端固定在第二液态金属流道5上,整个热电元件占用面积小。The scheme is simple in structure and reasonable in design. It adopts aluminum nitride electrical insulation and heat conduction ceramic substrate, which no longer bears any structural force, and is only fixed on the surface of the two flow channels through the design of pipe clamps, among which the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation element 6 is fixed on the On the first liquid metal flow channel 2, the cold end is fixed on the second liquid metal flow channel 5, and the entire thermoelectric element occupies a small area.

优选地,本实施例中,热电元件6根据同位素放射热源1的热传递到第一液态金属流道2的温度高低采用不同的材料,如Preferably, in this embodiment, the thermoelectric element 6 adopts different materials according to the temperature of the heat transfer from the isotope radiation heat source 1 to the first liquid metal flow channel 2, such as

当热电元件6在低温状态(≤300℃)下采用碲化铋材料,热电元件6在中温状态下(300℃-600℃)采用填充方钴矿材料或碲化铅材料,热电元件6在高温状态下(>600℃)采用SiGe材料。When the thermoelectric element 6 is made of bismuth telluride material at low temperature (≤300°C), the thermoelectric element 6 is made of filled skutterudite material or lead telluride material at medium temperature (300°C-600°C), and the thermoelectric element 6 is made of filled skutterudite material at high temperature State (> 600 ℃) using SiGe material.

另外,上述热电元件6的面积≤40mm×40mm。In addition, the area of the thermoelectric element 6 is ≤40mm×40mm.

实施例7Example 7

在上述各实施例的基础上,本实施例中,第一液态金属流道2和/或第二液态金属流道5采用Nb-1Zr材料制成,且液态金属介质为Li或Na-K。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and/or the second liquid metal flow channel 5 are made of Nb-1Zr material, and the liquid metal medium is Li or Na-K.

该方案结构简单,设计合理,加热及换热快,且不影响磁感线的切割以使得第一液态金属流道2和述第二液态金属流道5内的液态金属介质循环流动。The solution is simple in structure, reasonable in design, fast in heating and heat exchange, and does not affect the cutting of the magnetic induction lines so that the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 circulates.

基于上述方案,上述Na-K指的是钠钾合金,其中K78%和Na22%或K56%和Na44%两种不同比例。Based on the above scheme, the above-mentioned Na-K refers to a sodium-potassium alloy, wherein K78% and Na22% or K56% and Na44% are in two different proportions.

实施例8Example 8

在上述各实施例的基础上,本实施例中,隔热层3采用微孔绝热材料制成,且其热导率≤0.025W/m。On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, in this embodiment, the thermal insulation layer 3 is made of microporous thermal insulation material, and its thermal conductivity is ≤0.025W/m.

该方案选择合理,通过隔热层3可保证第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5之间存在温差,以便热电元件进行发电。This solution is chosen reasonably, and the thermal insulation layer 3 can ensure that there is a temperature difference between the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5, so that the thermoelectric element can generate electricity.

本发明的工作原理如下:The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

温差发电过程:同位素放射热源1向第一液态金属流道2发射衰变热辐射,加热第一液态金属流道2内的液态金属介质,并使其与第二液态金属流道5的液态金属介质产生温差;不同温差的两条流道通过热电元件6的两端,使热电元件6因温差发电形成完整电路;Thermoelectric power generation process: the isotope radiation heat source 1 emits decay heat radiation to the first liquid metal flow channel 2, heats the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2, and makes it contact with the liquid metal medium in the second liquid metal flow channel 5 A temperature difference is generated; two flow channels with different temperature differences pass through both ends of the thermoelectric element 6, so that the thermoelectric element 6 generates electricity due to the temperature difference to form a complete circuit;

自发运行过程:热电元件6发电产生的电流形成电磁场,第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5中的液态金属介质切割该电磁场的磁感线,并受到电磁力作用在各自的流道中循环流动;Spontaneous operation process: the electric current generated by the thermoelectric element 6 forms an electromagnetic field, and the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 cuts the magnetic field lines of the electromagnetic field, and is acted on by the electromagnetic force on the respective Circulating flow in the flow channel;

换热过程:第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5在热电元件6中进行局部热交换,将热量传导到外界;Heat exchange process: the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 perform local heat exchange in the thermoelectric element 6, and conduct heat to the outside;

此外,隔热层3作为夹层紧贴第一液态金属流道2和第二液态金属流道5之间,保证两流道的温差。In addition, the heat insulation layer 3 acts as an interlayer and is closely attached between the first liquid metal flow channel 2 and the second liquid metal flow channel 5 to ensure the temperature difference between the two flow channels.

本发明的优势在于:The advantages of the present invention are:

(1)散热性能好。利用液态金属热传导,替代了之前内部辐射散热和外部的固体导热,避免了传热通道可能因外界环境影响造成的热积累现象。(1) Good heat dissipation performance. The use of liquid metal heat conduction replaces the previous internal radiation heat dissipation and external solid heat conduction, avoiding the heat accumulation phenomenon that may be caused by the external environment in the heat transfer channel.

(2)抗震性能好。内部部件相互之间没有焊接件等结构,并且没有承力件,避免了振动环境下零件的损坏。(2) Good seismic performance. There are no welding parts and other structures between the internal parts, and there are no load-bearing parts, which avoids damage to parts in vibration environments.

(3)寿命长。热电元件等易损件不再作为承力部件,减少了装置的故障率,增加了电池的使用寿命。(3) Long life. Vulnerable parts such as thermoelectric elements are no longer used as load-bearing parts, which reduces the failure rate of the device and increases the service life of the battery.

需要说明的是,本发明所涉及到的各个电子部件均采用现有技术,其具体结构及原理在此不再进行赘述。It should be noted that each electronic component involved in the present invention adopts the prior art, and its specific structure and principle will not be repeated here.

对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer which characterized in that: the device comprises a first liquid metal runner (2), a second liquid metal runner (5), an isotope radiation heat source (1), a thermoelectric element (6) and a heat insulation layer (3), wherein the isotope radiation heat source (1) is fixedly arranged in the first liquid metal runner (2); the heat insulation layer (3) is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal runner (2), the second liquid metal runner (5) is covered outside the heat insulation layer (3), and liquid metal media are respectively filled in the first liquid metal runner (2) and the second liquid metal runner (5); the thermoelectric element (6) is fixedly arranged at the top of the second liquid metal runner (5), and the lower end of the thermoelectric element penetrates through the second liquid metal runner (5) and the heat insulation layer (3) in sequence and extends into the first liquid metal runner (2).
2. The long life thermoelectric isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer of claim 1 wherein: the first liquid metal runner (2) and/or the second liquid metal runner (5) and/or the heat insulation layer (3) are/is in a cylindrical structure respectively.
3. The long life thermoelectric isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer of claim 2 wherein: and a plurality of radiating fins (4) are fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the second liquid metal runner (5) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the second liquid metal runner.
4. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the isotope radioactive heat source (1) is an alpha radioactive source or a beta radioactive source with decay heat effect.
5. The long life thermoelectric isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer of claim 4 wherein: the isotope radioactive heat source (1) is Pu238 or Po210.
6. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the thermoelectric element (6) adopts an aluminum nitride electric insulation heat conduction ceramic substrate.
7. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the first liquid metal runner (2) and/or the second liquid metal runner (5) are made of Nb-1Zr materials, and the liquid metal medium is Li or Na-K.
8. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the heat insulation layer (3) is made of microporous heat insulation materials, and the heat conductivity of the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.025W/m.
CN202310151913.2A 2023-02-22 2023-02-22 A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer Pending CN116313210A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310151913.2A CN116313210A (en) 2023-02-22 2023-02-22 A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310151913.2A CN116313210A (en) 2023-02-22 2023-02-22 A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116313210A true CN116313210A (en) 2023-06-23

Family

ID=86802376

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310151913.2A Pending CN116313210A (en) 2023-02-22 2023-02-22 A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116313210A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11611119B2 (en) Battery module, battery device, and battery system having thermal management design
TW425729B (en) Thermal electric module unit
CN103199316B (en) Battery pack and radiator structure thereof
US3173032A (en) Means for close placement of electrode plates in a thermionic converter
US20090263708A1 (en) System and method of integrated thermal management for a multi-cell battery pack
US3437847A (en) Cascaded thermionic-thermoelectric devices utilizing heat pipes
CN1815638A (en) Superconducting power transmission cable and power transmission system
US20050236028A1 (en) Heat to cooling converter
CN110718726A (en) A cylindrical battery module cooling system and battery module
US20210226280A1 (en) Cooling system for energy storage devices
US20240429488A1 (en) Battery Module, Battery Device, and Battery System Having Thermal Management Design
CN210430029U (en) Plate-type heating and cooling heat conduction device and temperature-controllable lithium battery pack adopting same
US3266944A (en) Hermetically sealed thermoelectric generator
CN116313210A (en) A long-life thermoelectric isotope battery for power generation based on liquid metal heat transfer
CN102412762A (en) Cascade-type thermoelectric generator
US20070283702A1 (en) Dual heat to cooling converter
JP4687305B2 (en) Thermoelectric generator
RU2129740C1 (en) Space-based nuclear power plant
CN108648847B (en) Dynamic isotope battery based on liquid metal
CN217640684U (en) Thermionic-temperature difference cascade power generation isotope battery
CN216597749U (en) Power battery thermal management system
CN110011457A (en) Motor stator structure with integrated heat pipe and iron core
CN109786884A (en) Fast charging type lithium battery pack and its heat management and cooling device
CN102744484B (en) Special system for braze joint between radiator and collector of STWT (Spatial Travelling Wave Tube)
CN111478624A (en) Hot end base, thermoelectric power generation system, liquid reactor and operation method and application thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
TA01 Transfer of patent application right
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20250527

Address after: 401329 Chongqing City, JiuLongPo District, High-tech Development Zone, JinFeng Town, FengSheng Road No. 14, F-2, Digital Medical Industry Park, Building 7, Room 418

Applicant after: Super Micro Era (Chongqing) Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.

Country or region after: China

Address before: 401331 1058, No.25, Middle University Road, Huxi Street, High tech Zone, Shapingba District, Chongqing

Applicant before: Neutron High tech Industry Development (Chongqing) Co.,Ltd.

Country or region before: China