CN116313210A - Long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer - Google Patents
Long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN116313210A CN116313210A CN202310151913.2A CN202310151913A CN116313210A CN 116313210 A CN116313210 A CN 116313210A CN 202310151913 A CN202310151913 A CN 202310151913A CN 116313210 A CN116313210 A CN 116313210A
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- liquid metal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
- G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
- G21H1/10—Cells in which radiation heats a thermoelectric junction or a thermionic converter
- G21H1/103—Cells provided with thermo-electric generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, which comprises a first liquid metal runner, a second liquid metal runner, an isotope radiation heat source, a thermoelectric element and a heat insulation layer, wherein the isotope radiation heat source is fixedly arranged in the first liquid metal runner; the heat insulation layer is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal runner, the second liquid metal runner is covered outside the heat insulation layer, and liquid metal media are respectively filled in the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner; the thermoelectric element is fixedly arranged at the top of the second liquid metal runner, and the lower end of the thermoelectric element penetrates through the second liquid metal runner and the heat insulation layer in sequence and extends into the first liquid metal runner. The invention has the beneficial effects of simple structure and reasonable design, provides the design of the isotope battery without a bearing piece and with good heat dissipation performance, effectively improves the working environment of the thermoelectric element and prolongs the service life of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy, in particular to a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer.
Background
The human activities are gradually facing outer space, deep sea, polar region, desert, etc., where a power supply device capable of stably supplying electric power for a long time is required, and it has been difficult for a general battery to satisfy the needs of these activities. Chemical cells have limited working life, photovoltaic cells rely strongly on sunlight, and performance is also affected by cosmic rays in outer space. Compared with the common battery, the radioisotope battery has the characteristics of long service life, high reliability, high energy density, small volume and the like, and the characteristics enable the radioisotope battery to become an optimal power supply in the fields of aerospace, deep sea and the like.
However, the service life of the isotope battery is limited by the service life of the thermoelectric element, and the service environment of the thermoelectric element is severe, and the thermoelectric element is also required to be used as a bearing component in a heat transfer way under a high-temperature environment, especially in an emission and landing stage, the mechanical performance of the thermoelectric element is greatly considered under a high-acceleration vibration environment, especially in a welding layer of a transduction material and an insulating material, and tearing or falling off can occur, which is also a reason that the service life of the isotope battery is not as expected.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure the power generation efficiency, the nuclear battery requires heat to be conducted from a heat source-thermoelectric element-external environment heat transfer path as much as possible, and in a general nuclear battery heat transfer process, a heat radiation and solid heat conduction mode is needed, the heat transfer path depends on the reliability of a solid heat transfer channel, and once the nuclear battery receives an external force such as vibration and other environments, the solid structure may be distorted or damaged, heat of the thermoelectric element may not be transferred, a heat accumulation phenomenon in the nuclear battery is formed, and the service life of the element is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, and aims to solve the problem in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer comprises a first liquid metal runner, a second liquid metal runner, an isotope radiation heat source, a thermoelectric element and a heat insulation layer, wherein the isotope radiation heat source is fixedly arranged in the first liquid metal runner; the heat insulation layer is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal runner, the second liquid metal runner is covered outside the heat insulation layer, and liquid metal media are respectively filled in the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner; the thermoelectric element is fixedly arranged at the top of the second liquid metal runner, and the lower end of the thermoelectric element penetrates through the second liquid metal runner and the heat insulation layer in sequence to extend into the first liquid metal runner.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the thermoelectric power generation process comprises the following steps: the isotope radiation heat source emits decay heat radiation to the first liquid metal runner, heats the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner and makes the liquid metal medium and the liquid metal medium in the second liquid metal runner generate temperature difference; two flow channels with different temperature differences pass through two ends of the thermoelectric element, so that the thermoelectric element generates electricity due to the temperature differences to form a complete circuit;
spontaneous operation process: the electric current generated by the thermoelectric element forms an electromagnetic field, and the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner cuts a magnetic induction line of the electromagnetic field and circularly flows in the respective runners under the action of electromagnetic force;
the heat exchange process comprises the following steps: the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner perform local heat exchange in the thermoelectric element, and conduct heat to the outside;
in addition, the heat insulation layer is used as an interlayer to be clung between the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner, so that the temperature difference of the two runners is ensured.
The invention has simple structure and reasonable design, provides the design of the isotope battery without a bearing piece and with good heat dissipation performance, effectively improves the working environment of the thermoelectric element and prolongs the service life of the battery.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the first liquid metal runner and/or the second liquid metal runner and/or the heat insulation layer are/is in a cylindrical structure respectively.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is simple structure, reasonable in design, neat pleasing to the eye, occupation space is little.
Further, a plurality of radiating fins are fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the second liquid metal runner at uniform intervals along the circumferential direction of the second liquid metal runner.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is simple structure, reasonable in design, and it dispels the heat to assist second liquid metal runner through a plurality of fin, further improves radiating effect.
Further, the isotope radioactive heat source is an alpha radioactive source or a beta radioactive source with decay heat effect.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is reasonable in design, and alpha radiation source and beta radiation source are radioactive strong, guarantee to have sufficient heat to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner.
Further, the isotope radioactive source is Pu238 or Po210.
The further scheme has the beneficial effects that the design is reasonable, the radioactivity of Pu238 and Po210 is strong, and enough heat is ensured to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner.
Further, the thermoelectric element adopts an aluminum nitride electric insulation heat conduction ceramic substrate.
The heat-conducting ceramic base plate is characterized in that the heat-conducting ceramic base plate is fixed on the surfaces of the two flow channels through the design of the pipeline clamp and the like, wherein the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation element is fixed on the first liquid metal flow channel, the cold end is fixed on the second liquid metal flow channel, and the occupied area of the whole thermoelectric element is small.
Further, the first liquid metal runner and/or the second liquid metal runner are made of Nb-1Zr materials, and the liquid metal medium is Li or Na-K.
The liquid metal medium circulating device has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple, the design is reasonable, the heating and heat exchange are quick, and the cutting of the magnetic induction line is not influenced so that the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner circularly flows.
Further, the heat insulation layer is made of microporous heat insulation materials, and the heat conductivity of the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.025W/m.
The adoption of the further scheme has the beneficial effects that the selection is reasonable, and the temperature difference between the first liquid metal runner and the second liquid metal runner can be ensured through the heat insulation layer, so that the thermoelectric element can generate electricity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. an isotope radiation heat source; 2. a first liquid metal runner; 3. a thermal insulation layer; 4. a heat radiation fin; 5. a second liquid metal runner; 6. a thermoelectric element.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer, which includes a first liquid metal runner 2, a second liquid metal runner 5, an isotope radiation heat source 1, a thermoelectric element 6 and a heat insulation layer 3, wherein the isotope radiation heat source 1 is fixedly installed in the first liquid metal runner 2; the heat insulation layer 3 is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal runner 2, the second liquid metal runner 5 is covered outside the heat insulation layer 3, and liquid metal media are respectively filled in the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5; the thermoelectric element 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the second liquid metal runner 5, and the lower end of the thermoelectric element passes through the second liquid metal runner 5 and the heat insulation layer 3 in sequence and extends into the first liquid metal runner 2.
The thermoelectric power generation process comprises the following steps: the isotope radiation heat source 1 emits decay heat radiation to the first liquid metal runner 2, heats the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2 and makes the liquid metal medium and the liquid metal medium in the second liquid metal runner 5 generate temperature difference; two flow channels with different temperature differences pass through two ends of the thermoelectric element 6, so that the thermoelectric element 6 generates electricity due to the temperature differences to form a complete circuit;
spontaneous operation process: the electric current generated by the thermoelectric element 6 forms an electromagnetic field, and the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5 cuts the magnetic induction line of the electromagnetic field and circularly flows in the respective runners under the action of electromagnetic force;
the heat exchange process comprises the following steps: the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5 perform local heat exchange in the thermoelectric element 6, and conduct heat to the outside;
in addition, the heat insulation layer 3 is used as an interlayer to be clung between the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5, so that the temperature difference of the two runners is ensured.
The embodiment has simple structure and reasonable design, provides the design of the isotope battery without a bearing piece and with good heat dissipation performance, effectively improves the working environment of the thermoelectric element and prolongs the service life of the battery.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the first liquid metal runner 2 and/or the second liquid metal runner 5 and/or the heat insulating layer 3 are/is cylindrical in structure, respectively, on the basis of embodiment 1.
The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, neatness, beautiful appearance and small occupied space.
In addition to the above embodiments, the first and second liquid metal runners 2, 5 and the insulating layer 3 may also have other suitable shapes, such as rectangular structures.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a plurality of heat radiating fins 4 are fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the second liquid metal runner 5 at regular intervals along the circumferential direction thereof on the basis of embodiment 2.
This scheme simple structure, reasonable in design, it dispels the heat to assist second liquid metal runner 5 through a plurality of fin 4, further improves radiating effect.
The second liquid metal runner 5 directly exchanges heat with the external environment through the radiating fins 4, and discharges the residual heat and ensures the temperature of the low temperature side.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the number of the heat dissipation fins 4 is preferably eight, and the eight heat dissipation fins 4 are fixedly installed on the second liquid metal runner 5 at uniform intervals.
In addition, each heat dissipation fin 4 extends along the axial direction of the second liquid metal runner 5, one side of the heat dissipation fin is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the second liquid metal runner 5, and the other side of the heat dissipation fin extends along the radial direction of the second liquid metal runner 5.
Example 4
In the present embodiment, the isotope radiation heat source 1 is an α radiation source or a β radiation source having a decay heat effect.
The scheme is reasonable in design, the alpha radioactive source and the beta radioactive source are strong in radioactivity, and enough heat is guaranteed to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2.
Example 5
In the present embodiment, the isotope radiation heat source 1 is Pu238 or Po210 based on embodiment 4.
The scheme is reasonable in design, the radioactivity of Pu238 and Po210 is strong, and enough heat is guaranteed to heat the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2, so that the temperature difference between the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2 and the liquid metal medium in the second liquid metal runner 5 is generated.
Example 6
Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the thermoelectric element 6 is an aluminum nitride electrically insulating and thermally conductive ceramic substrate.
The scheme has simple structure and reasonable design, adopts the aluminum nitride electric insulation heat conduction ceramic substrate, does not bear any structural force any more, is only fixed on the surfaces of two flow channels through the design of a pipeline clamp and the like, wherein the hot end of the thermoelectric generation element 6 is fixed on the first liquid metal flow channel 2, the cold end is fixed on the second liquid metal flow channel 5, and the occupied area of the whole thermoelectric element is small.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the thermoelectric element 6 is made of different materials according to the temperature of the heat transferred from the isotope radioactive heat source 1 to the first liquid metal runner 2, such as
When the thermoelectric element 6 is made of bismuth telluride material in a low temperature state (less than or equal to 300 ℃), the thermoelectric element 6 is made of filled skutterudite material or lead telluride material in a medium temperature state (300 ℃ -600 ℃), and the thermoelectric element 6 is made of SiGe material in a high temperature state (more than 600 ℃).
The area of the thermoelectric element 6 is 40mm×40mm or less.
Example 7
Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the first liquid metal runner 2 and/or the second liquid metal runner 5 are made of Nb-1Zr material, and the liquid metal medium is Li or Na-K.
The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, quick heating and heat exchange, and no influence on the cutting of the magnetic induction line so that the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5 circularly flows.
Based on the above scheme, the Na-K refers to a sodium-potassium alloy, wherein K78% and Na22% or K56% and Na44% are in two different proportions.
Example 8
Based on the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the heat insulating layer 3 is made of microporous heat insulating material, and its thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.025W/m.
The scheme is reasonable in selection, and the heat insulation layer 3 can ensure that a temperature difference exists between the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5 so that the thermoelectric element can generate electricity.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the thermoelectric power generation process comprises the following steps: the isotope radiation heat source 1 emits decay heat radiation to the first liquid metal runner 2, heats the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2 and makes the liquid metal medium and the liquid metal medium in the second liquid metal runner 5 generate temperature difference; two flow channels with different temperature differences pass through two ends of the thermoelectric element 6, so that the thermoelectric element 6 generates electricity due to the temperature differences to form a complete circuit;
spontaneous operation process: the electric current generated by the thermoelectric element 6 forms an electromagnetic field, and the liquid metal medium in the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5 cuts the magnetic induction line of the electromagnetic field and circularly flows in the respective runners under the action of electromagnetic force;
the heat exchange process comprises the following steps: the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5 perform local heat exchange in the thermoelectric element 6, and conduct heat to the outside;
in addition, the heat insulation layer 3 is used as an interlayer to be clung between the first liquid metal runner 2 and the second liquid metal runner 5, so that the temperature difference of the two runners is ensured.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The heat dissipation performance is good. The liquid metal heat conduction is utilized to replace the prior internal radiation heat dissipation and external solid heat conduction, so that the heat accumulation phenomenon of the heat transfer channel possibly caused by the influence of external environment is avoided.
(2) The anti-seismic performance is good. The internal parts have no welding parts and other structures, and have no bearing parts, so that the damage of parts in a vibration environment is avoided.
(3) Long service life. The vulnerable parts such as the thermoelectric element are not used as bearing parts any more, so that the failure rate of the device is reduced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
It should be noted that, all the electronic components related to the present invention adopt the prior art, and the specific structure and principle thereof are not described herein.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer which characterized in that: the device comprises a first liquid metal runner (2), a second liquid metal runner (5), an isotope radiation heat source (1), a thermoelectric element (6) and a heat insulation layer (3), wherein the isotope radiation heat source (1) is fixedly arranged in the first liquid metal runner (2); the heat insulation layer (3) is fixedly sleeved outside the first liquid metal runner (2), the second liquid metal runner (5) is covered outside the heat insulation layer (3), and liquid metal media are respectively filled in the first liquid metal runner (2) and the second liquid metal runner (5); the thermoelectric element (6) is fixedly arranged at the top of the second liquid metal runner (5), and the lower end of the thermoelectric element penetrates through the second liquid metal runner (5) and the heat insulation layer (3) in sequence and extends into the first liquid metal runner (2).
2. The long life thermoelectric isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer of claim 1 wherein: the first liquid metal runner (2) and/or the second liquid metal runner (5) and/or the heat insulation layer (3) are/is in a cylindrical structure respectively.
3. The long life thermoelectric isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer of claim 2 wherein: and a plurality of radiating fins (4) are fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the second liquid metal runner (5) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the second liquid metal runner.
4. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the isotope radioactive heat source (1) is an alpha radioactive source or a beta radioactive source with decay heat effect.
5. The long life thermoelectric isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer of claim 4 wherein: the isotope radioactive heat source (1) is Pu238 or Po210.
6. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the thermoelectric element (6) adopts an aluminum nitride electric insulation heat conduction ceramic substrate.
7. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the first liquid metal runner (2) and/or the second liquid metal runner (5) are made of Nb-1Zr materials, and the liquid metal medium is Li or Na-K.
8. A long life thermoelectric generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the heat insulation layer (3) is made of microporous heat insulation materials, and the heat conductivity of the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.025W/m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310151913.2A CN116313210A (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310151913.2A CN116313210A (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer |
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| CN116313210A true CN116313210A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN202310151913.2A Pending CN116313210A (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Long-life thermoelectric power generation isotope battery based on liquid metal heat transfer |
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- 2023-02-22 CN CN202310151913.2A patent/CN116313210A/en active Pending
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