CN116313167A - Atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method and system for nuclear fusion device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a quantitative diagnosis method and a quantitative diagnosis system for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device, wherein the quantitative diagnosis method for atomic reaction of the nuclear fusion device is used for quantitatively measuring the atomic reaction process of plasmas in the edge and a divertor region of the nuclear fusion device, and comprises the following operations: defining a target space to be measured; acquiring double spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region; according to the acquired double-spectrum spectral line information, performing iterative calculation by adopting chromatographic inversion to obtain the radiation intensity of double-spectrum radiation in a target space to be measured; the atomic reaction characteristics of the selected two-dimensional space region are determined according to the radiation intensity ratio, and the atomic reaction number is quantitatively determined according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the selected two-dimensional space region and the radiation intensity or photon number. The diagnosis method can give out the atomic reaction characteristics, the quantity and the spatial distribution of the space of the edge or the divertor region of the nuclear fusion device, can analyze multiple atomic reaction processes at the same time, and has the characteristics of large measured space region, high spatial resolution and high time resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion plasma measurement, in particular to quantitative measurement of atomic reactions of plasma on a nuclear fusion plasma physical research device, and particularly relates to a quantitative diagnosis method and a quantitative diagnosis system of the atomic reactions of the nuclear fusion device.
Background
In nuclear fusion research devices, the plasma in the edge and divertor regions contains a variety of atomic molecular reaction processes, including ionization reactions, radiation recombination reactions, three-body recombination reactions, charge exchange reactions, molecular dissociation reactions, etc., which are important for the particle balance in the plasma. Meanwhile, the method is extremely necessary and critical for analyzing the off-target physical process of the divertor of the nuclear fusion device and controlling the heat load in the running process of the device. In addition, in the edge plasma and divertor plasma regions, due to the rapid changes in plasma temperature and density, the atomic reaction processes and the number of differences in the different spatial regions are enormous, and a diagnostic system and method must be found that can simultaneously quantitatively measure the atomic reaction processes of the plasma in the two-dimensional space of the edge and divertor regions in the nuclear fusion apparatus. At present, no effective system and method can realize quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a wide two-dimensional space area on a nuclear fusion device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for quantitatively measuring the atomic reaction of plasma on a nuclear fusion plasma physical research device, which are used for obtaining the atomic reaction characteristics of the plasma in a two-dimensional space of an edge and a divertor region in the nuclear fusion device through double spectrum and chromatographic inversion, so that the atomic reaction quantity and distribution of the two-dimensional plasma space region can be quantitatively given.
A first aspect of the present invention provides an atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method of a nuclear fusion apparatus for quantitatively measuring an atomic reaction process of plasma in a two-dimensional space of an edge and a divertor region in the nuclear fusion apparatus, the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method comprising the operations of:
determining a selected two-dimensional space region in the nuclear fusion device, and demarcating a target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region; acquiring double-spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region, wherein the double-spectrum spectral line information comprises different spectrum absolute intensities; according to the acquired double-spectrum spectral line information, performing iterative calculation by adopting chromatographic inversion to obtain the radiation intensity (photon number) of double-spectrum radiation in a target space to be measured; and determining the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured according to the radiation intensity ratio, and quantitatively determining the atomic reaction number according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured and the radiation intensity or photon number.
In the edge and divertor regions of a nuclear fusion device, emission spectra can be seen as an important means for analyzing the atomic reaction process. As the effective size of the electron orbitals increases, the probability of electrons of high quantum number n participating in a triplet collision increases rapidly, while the probability of spontaneous radiative reactions occurring decreases rapidly. Thus, the emission spectrum of high quantum number n can be found to be related to electron ion recombination reactions, which is a direct indicator of trisomy recombination reactions. In general, the electron energy level of neutral particles generated by the molecular stimulated recombination reaction is low (the main quantum number n < 5), while neutral particles generated by the three-body recombination reaction are in a high-energy state (n is equal to or greater than 5), the atomic reaction characteristics of a space region, such as the dominant recombination reaction or ionization reaction, are determined by utilizing the different spectrum differences of the emission spectrum of nuclear fusion fuel (hydrogen and isotopes thereof), such as the ratio of the absolute intensity differences of the spectrum, by utilizing the double spectrum and the chromatographic inversion, so as to quantitatively give the atomic reaction quantity and distribution of the two-dimensional plasma space region. The diagnosis system and the method have the advantages that the atomic reaction characteristics, the quantity and the spatial distribution of the nuclear fusion device edge or the partial filter region space can be given, multiple atomic reaction processes can be analyzed simultaneously, and the diagnosis system and the method have the characteristics of large measured space region, high spatial resolution and high time resolution.
In some possible embodiments, acquiring the bispectral spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional spatial region includes:
and measuring the selected two-dimensional space region by adopting two-sided array CCD detectors, wherein the pixel sequences of the two-sided array CCD detectors correspond to the same space position, namely the pixel sequences of the two-sided array CCD detectors correspond to each other one by one, and the two pixel sequences correspond to the same measured space position.
In some possible embodiments, the obtaining, according to the obtained information of the dual-spectrum spectral line, the radiation intensity of the dual-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured by using a tomographic inversion iterative calculation includes:
absolute calibration is carried out on the measured value of the two-sided array CCD detector, including in-situ calibration is carried out on the measured value of spectral lines of the two-sided array CCD detector, and photon quantity corresponding to the measured value of each pixel point of the two-sided array CCD detector is determined.
In some possible embodiments, according to the absolute calibration of each pixel point of the two-sided array type CCD detector, the radiation intensity of the two spectral lines of the target space region to be measured in the two-sided array type CCD detector is measured.
In some possible embodiments, according to the radiation intensity, iterative computation is performed by using tomographic inversion, inversion analysis obtains corresponding radiation intensities of the double spectral lines at the target space to be measured respectively, and a radiation intensity ratio of the double spectral radiation at the target space to be measured is calculated. The ratio of the radiation intensities is used to evaluate the atomic reaction characteristics of the region to determine whether the spatial region is predominantly complex or ionizing, and thus determine the atomic reaction type and analytical calculation method.
In some possible embodiments, the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method of a nuclear fusion device further comprises the operations of:
and judging whether the measurement target space is an ionization reaction area or a composite reaction area or a mixed area combining ionization reaction and composite reaction according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured.
In some possible embodiments, the number of atomic reactions in the target space to be measured is calculated using the number of ionization reactions or recombination reactions of the unit photons, according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured.
In some possible embodiments, the dual spectral lines are respectivelyA first spectral line and a second spectral line; the first spectral line is a low quantum number Bare end line H α The second spectral line is a high quantum number bar end line, wherein the second spectral line n>=5, n is the atomic number of the primary quanta of the spectral line; a. when the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction area, calculating the ionization reaction quantity of the area according to the radiation intensity of the first spectral line at the target space to be measured and the ionization reaction quantity of the unit photon; b. when the target space to be measured is a composite reaction area, calculating the composite reaction quantity of the area according to the radiation intensity of the second spectral line at the target space to be measured and the composite reaction quantity of the unit photon; c. when the target space to be measured is a mixed area, selecting one of the methods a or b according to the radiation intensity ratio of the double-spectrum radiation at the target space to be measured, and calculating the ionization reaction or the compound reaction number of the area.
The neutral particles produced by the molecular stimulated recombination reaction have a low electron energy level (quantum number n<5) Whereas neutral particles produced by the three-body recombination reaction are usually in a high energy state (n.gtoreq.5). Thus, both dual-spectrum and tomographic inversion can be used, with the high quantum number spectral line (n.gtoreq.5, e.g.H) in the Barr end line (n.fwdarw.2) of nuclear fusion fuel (hydrogen and its isotopes) γ ，H ε ，H η Etc.) with a low quantum number (n=3) spectral line H α The atomic reaction characteristics of the space region are determined by the ratio of the absolute intensities of the high quantum number spectral lines, the number of the complex reactions in the dominant region of the complex reaction is calculated by using the absolute intensities of the high quantum number spectral lines, and H is used α The absolute intensity of the spectral line calculates the number of ionization reactions in the main area of the ionization reaction, so that the number and distribution of atomic reactions in the two-dimensional plasma space area can be quantitatively given.
In some possible embodiments, the demarcating the target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region includes: dividing the selected two-dimensional space region into n space grid regions according to the measured space resolution requirement, wherein each space grid region is a target space to be measured. According to the measured resolution, the method is divided into n space grid areas, and the data processing method is adopted, so that the subsequent inversion is convenient.
In some possible embodiments, the partitioning into n spatial grid regions includes the operations of: obtaining a space region to be segmented, wherein the space region is as follows: and dividing the selected two-dimensional space region into n space grid regions according to the resolution requirement of the space region to be divided in the corresponding space of the cross section which is circumferentially vertical to the nuclear fusion device.
In some possible embodiments, all or part of the target space to be measured obtained by the segmentation is diagnosed, and the number and distribution of ionization reactions and recombination reactions in the whole or part of the selected two-dimensional space region are obtained.
In some possible embodiments, where a tomographic inversion iterative calculation is employed, the iterative formula is expressed as:
wherein,,
and->
Target space S to be measured at k and k+1 iterations, respectively i Corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j The radiation intensity, d, measured for the camera pixel j of the array CCD detector ij The length of the line of sight of each pixel j of the array CCD detector camera is measured for the target space to be measured.
A second aspect of the invention provides a measurement assembly for use in quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, comprising: the incidence end of the light splitter is used for receiving light emitted from the middle edge of the nuclear fusion device and the divertor region and splitting the light into two parts; a first planar CCD detector, the incident end of which corresponds to a first emission part of an optical path split from the optical splitter; and a second planar CCD detector, the incident end of which corresponds to a second emission part of the other optical path separated from the optical splitter.
In some possible embodiments, the incident end of the first array CCD detector is provided with a first filter, and the front end of the first filter is provided with a first lens; the incident end of the second array CCD detector is provided with a second filter, and the front end of the second filter is provided with a second lens.
A third aspect of the present invention provides an atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic system of a nuclear fusion apparatus, comprising: a vacuum sealing viewing window for sealing disposed on the nuclear fusion device for allowing light within the nuclear fusion device to be emitted from the vacuum sealing viewing window so as not to affect vacuum characteristics of the nuclear fusion device; adjusting a vacuum sealing observation window, and controlling a selected two-dimensional space region; the incident end of the optical path lens group corresponds to the vacuum sealing observation window, and the optical path lens group is used for guiding the direction of an optical path; the incident end of the signal detection module corresponds to the emitting end of the light path lens group; the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the signal detection module; the light path mirror group comprises a beam splitter arranged on a light path and used for splitting incident light into two parts; the signal detection module comprises a first array CCD detector and a second array CCD detector; the emission end of the beam splitter corresponds to the incidence end of the first planar CCD detector and the incidence end of the second planar CCD detector respectively.
The quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis system of the nuclear fusion device has the advantages that atomic reaction characteristics and quantity space distribution of the nuclear fusion device edge or a partial filter area space can be given, multiple atomic reaction processes can be analyzed simultaneously, and the quantitative atomic reaction diagnosis system has the characteristics of simplicity, large measured space area, strong two-dimensional space resolution and high time resolution.
In some possible embodiments, the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic system of the nuclear fusion device further comprises a timing control module; the time sequence control module is respectively connected with the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector; the data acquisition and processing module is respectively connected with the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector; the time sequence control module is used for time sequence control of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector so as to trigger the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector to simultaneously perform measurement work.
In some possible embodiments, the optical path lens group includes: the first lens is arranged at the incident end of the first array CCD detector; and the second lens is arranged at the incident end of the second array CCD detector.
In some possible embodiments, the optical path lens group further includes: the first filter plate is arranged at the emission end of the first lens; the second filter is arranged at the emitting end of the second lens.
In some possible embodiments, the optical path lens group further includes a collimator lens disposed on the optical path; the incident end of the collimating mirror corresponds to the emission end of the vacuum sealing observation window; the emitting end of the collimating mirror corresponds to the incident end of the beam splitter.
In some possible embodiments, the data acquisition and processing module is configured to execute instructions of a tomographic inversion iterative calculation procedure, the tomographic inversion iterative calculation iterative formula being expressed as:
wherein,,
and->
Target space S to be measured at k and k+1 iterations, respectively i Corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j The radiation intensity, d, measured for the camera pixel j of the array CCD detector ij The length of the line of sight of each pixel j of the array CCD detector camera is measured for the target space to be measured.
The data acquisition and processing module is used for acquiring and processing signals of the detector and comprises a computer, a data processing and analyzing program and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition and processing module is used for acquiring data, performing tomographic inversion analysis and performing data processing. The data includes spectral line intensity, spatial radiation intensity, spatial geometry data, atomic reaction data, and diagnostic system control parameters.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for explaining the quantitative diagnosis method of atomic reaction of the nuclear fusion apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a measuring assembly for use in atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis of a nuclear fusion apparatus of this example 2 and an atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis system of a nuclear fusion apparatus of example 3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an observation area in an embodiment;
reference numerals and corresponding part names:
the device comprises a 1-nuclear fusion device, a 2-measuring area, a 3-vacuum sealing observation window, a 4-light path, a 5-first reflecting mirror, a 6-collimating mirror, a 7-beam splitter, an 8-second reflecting mirror, a 9-first lens, a 10-second lens, a 11-first filter, a 12-second filter, a 13-first planar array CCD detector, a 14-second planar array CCD detector, a 15-time sequence control module and a 16-data acquisition and processing module.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: no such specific details are necessary to practice the invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" mean: a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included within at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an example," or "in an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the illustrations are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method in the present embodiment includes the following operations:
determining a selected two-dimensional space region 2 in the nuclear fusion device, and demarcating a target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region; obtaining double-spectrum spectral line information of the target space region to be measured, wherein the double-spectrum spectral line information comprises different spectrum absolute intensities; according to the acquired double-spectrum spectral line information, performing iterative calculation by adopting chromatographic inversion to obtain the radiation intensity of double-spectrum radiation in a target space to be measured; and determining the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space region to be measured according to the radiation intensity ratio, and quantitatively determining the atomic reaction number according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space region to be measured and the radiation intensity or photon number.
Referring to fig. 3, the selected two-dimensional space region is divided into n space grid regions according to the measured spatial resolution requirement, and each space grid region is a target space to be measured. The partitioning into n spatial grid regions includes the following operations: obtaining a space region to be segmented, wherein the space region is as follows: and dividing the selected two-dimensional space region into n space grid regions according to the resolution requirement of the space region to be divided in the corresponding space of the cross section which is circumferentially vertical to the nuclear fusion device. And diagnosing all or part of the target space to be measured obtained by segmentation to obtain the number and distribution of ionization reactions and composite reactions in the whole or part of the selected two-dimensional space region.
The double spectrum lines are a first spectrum line and a second spectrum line respectively; the first spectral line is a low quantum number Bare end line H α (n=3), the second line being the high quantum number bar end line (n.gtoreq.5); a. when the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction area, calculating the ionization reaction quantity of the area according to the radiation intensity of the first spectral line at the target space to be measured and the ionization reaction quantity of the unit photon; b. when the target space to be measured is a composite reaction area, calculating the composite reaction quantity of the area according to the radiation intensity of the second spectral line at the target space to be measured and the composite reaction quantity of the unit photon; c. when the target space to be measured isAnd (3) when the area is mixed, selecting one of the method a or the method b according to the radiation intensity ratio of the double-spectrum radiation in the measurement target space, and calculating the ionization reaction or the composite reaction number of the area.
The acquiring the double spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region comprises the following steps: and measuring the selected two-dimensional space region by adopting a two-sided array CCD detector, wherein the pixel sequences of the two-sided array CCD detector correspond to the same space position. According to the acquired double-spectrum spectral line information, adopting chromatographic inversion iterative computation to obtain the radiation intensity of double-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured comprises the following steps: absolute calibration is carried out on the measured value of the two-sided array CCD detector, including in-situ calibration is carried out on the measured value of spectral lines of the two-sided array CCD detector, and photon quantity corresponding to the measured value of each pixel point of the two-sided array CCD detector is determined. And measuring and obtaining the radiation intensity of the double spectral lines of the selected two-dimensional space region on the two-sided array CCD detector respectively according to the absolute calibration of each pixel point of the two-sided array CCD detector. And carrying out iterative computation by utilizing tomographic inversion according to the radiation intensity, carrying out inversion analysis to obtain the corresponding radiation intensities of the double spectral lines at the target space to be measured, and calculating the radiation intensity ratio of the double spectral radiation at the target space to be measured. And judging whether the measurement target space is an ionization reaction area or a composite reaction area or a mixed area combining ionization reaction and composite reaction according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured. And calculating the atomic reaction quantity of the target space to be measured by utilizing the ionization reaction or the composite reaction quantity of the unit photon according to the atomic reaction characteristic of the target space to be measured.
The method can be used for providing atomic reaction characteristics, quantity and spatial distribution of the space of the edge or the divertor region of the nuclear fusion device, can analyze multiple atomic reaction processes at the same time, and has the characteristics of large measured space region, high spatial resolution and high time resolution.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the method may be performed by the following steps:
s1, determining spectral lines of a two-sided array CCD detector to be used, wherein the spectral lines are respectively first spectral lines L 1 Second spectral line L 2 . Double-pieceThe first spectral line of the spectrum system is a low quantum number bar end line H α (656.2 nm) the second line is the high-quantum number bar end line (n.gtoreq.5, e.g. H γ ，H ε ，H η Etc.), the specific spectral line needs to be determined according to the actual working condition of the measurement space region. The dual-spectrum system comprises the assembly formed by the two-sided array CCD detector, and the spectral line of the dual-spectrum system is determined, namely the spectral line of the two-sided array CCD detector is determined.
The determination principle is as follows: under the condition that the high quantum number spectral line intensity meets the detection requirement, the Barl-end spectral line with higher quantum number is selected as much as possible, so that the theoretical error of the method can be reduced; .
S2, calibrating measurement space and space geometric parameters. The measurement space is determined, and the section perpendicular to the circumferential direction is determined as the (R, z) plane as shown in FIG. 3 according to the circumferential symmetry of the nuclear fusion device, and the corresponding space of the measurement space in the (R, z) plane is denoted as W. Referring to FIG. 3, W is divided into n space grid regions according to the measured spatial resolution requirement, and is recorded as the target space S to be measured i I=1, 2,3, … n. The corresponding radiation coefficient of the spatial position is denoted as r i 。
The pixel sequences of the first and second array CCD detectors are marked as A j And B j J=1, 2,3, … m. A and B each measure the same spatial region W, and A j And B is connected with j Corresponding to the same spatial location. Calculation S i Length d of line of sight at each pixel j of the CCD detector camera ij 。
S3, absolute calibration of the measured value of the detector is carried out, and L of the first and second array CCD detectors are calibrated 1 And L 2 And (5) carrying out in-situ calibration on the measured value of the spectral line, and determining the photon quantity corresponding to the measured value.
S4, setting time sequence control parameters, triggering the first and second area array signal detectors simultaneously, and measuring to obtain L of the whole measurement space 1 And L 2 The relative radiation intensities of the spectral lines at the first and second planar array CCD detectors, respectively; from the calibrated value of S3, the radiation intensity is calculated.
S5, inversion analysis is carried out by using a chromatographic inversion iteration formula.
Obtaining a target space S to be measured i Intensity of radiation r at i . In the middle of
And->
Target space S to be measured at k and k+1 iterations, respectively i Corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j The radiation intensity, d, measured for detector CCD camera pixel j ij For the target space S to be measured i The length of the line of sight at each pixel j of the CCD camera.
S6, calculating the radiation intensity ratio of the double-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured. Including using formulas
Calculating the double-spectrum radiation in the target space S to be measured i The radiation intensity ratio y of (2) i . In->
And->
Respectively are spectral lines L 1 And L 2 In the target space S to be measured i Radiation intensity at;
s7, determining the target space S to be measured according to the radiation intensity ratio of the measured target space to be measured i Atomic reaction characteristics of (a). Calculating L under different plasma density and temperature conditions according to theoretical data 1 And L 2 Spectral line radiation photon number ratio A (n e ,T e ). According to A (n e ,T e ) Characteristics and y i Value giving the target space S to be measured i Is the origin of (1)Sub-reaction characteristics; determining a target space S to be measured i Whether it is an ionization reaction region or a complex reaction region, or a mixed region in which the ionization reaction and the complex reaction are combined.
S8, according to the space region S i By using the ionization reaction or recombination reaction number (SXB) of unit photon to calculate the space region S i Atomic reaction number of (a); a. in the target space S to be measured i In the case of ionization reaction region, according to
Calculating the number of ionization reactions with the number of ionization reactions of the unit photon; b. in the target space S to be measured i In the case of a complex reaction zone, according to ∈ ->
Calculating the composite reaction quantity with the composite reaction quantity of the unit photon; c. in the target space S to be measured i In the case of a mixed region, according to y i And selecting one of the a or b methods to calculate ionization reaction or composite reaction.
S9, repeatedly calculating all target spaces S to be measured based on the step S8 i And obtaining the number and the spatial distribution of ionization reaction and recombination reaction in the whole measurement space W range.
Example 2, referring to fig. 2, this example provides a measurement assembly for use in quantitative diagnostics of atomic reactions of a nuclear fusion device, comprising: the device comprises a beam splitter, a first planar array CCD detector and a second planar array CCD detector, wherein the incident end of the beam splitter is used for receiving light emitted from the middle edge of the nuclear fusion device and a divertor region and splitting the light into two parts; the incident end of the first array CCD detector corresponds to a first emergent part of an optical path split by the light splitting device; the incident end of the second array CCD detector corresponds to a second emission part of the other light path separated from the light separator.
On the basis of the embodiment, the method can be further optimized, for example, the incident end of the first array CCD detector is provided with a first filter, and the front end of the first filter is provided with a first lens; the incident end of the second array CCD detector is provided with a second filter, and the front end of the second filter is provided with a second lens.
After passing through the beam splitter, the first array CCD detector receives the low quantum number Barr tail line H of the first spectral line α (656.2 nm) planar array CCD detector with second spectral line as high quantum number bar end line (n is greater than or equal to 5, such as H) γ ，H ε ，H η Etc.) array CCD detector.
The measuring component used in the atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis of the nuclear fusion device can also comprise a data acquisition and processing module used for acquiring and processing the signals of the detector. The data acquisition and processing module comprises a computer configured with a program for data processing and analysis for acquiring data, tomographic inversion analysis, data processing. The data comprise spectral line intensity, space radiation intensity, space geometric data, atomic reaction data and diagnostic system control parameters, and chromatographic inversion iterative computation in the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method can be executed.
The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis system can be specifically built by referring to the following scheme. As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a vacuum sealing observation window 3, reflecting mirrors 5 and 8, a collimating mirror 6, a beam splitter 7, a first lens 9, a second lens 10, a first filter 11, a second filter 12, a first planar array type CCD detector 13, a second planar array type CCD detector 14, a time sequence control module 15 and a data acquisition and processing module 16.
The beam splitter 7 adopts a dichroic mirror, and specific parameters are that the reflectivity is more than 95% in a wave band of 350-570nm and the transmittance is more than 93% in a wave band of 590-950 nm; the central wavelength of the first filter 11 is 656.2nm, and the central wavelength of the second filter 12 is 383.5nm; the pixels of the first and second matrix CCD detectors are 512 x 512 and the readout speed is greater than 200 frames/second.
The radiation light of the measuring area reaches the beam splitter 7 through the vacuum sealing observation window 3, the reflecting mirror 5 and the collimating mirror 6, and is split into two beams after passing through the beam splitter 7, and then enters the first spectrum system and the second spectrum system respectively. The first spectral system comprises a first lens 9, a first filter 11 and a first planar array CCD detector 13, and the second spectral system comprises a second lens 10, a second filter 12 and a second planar array CCD detector 14.
The time sequence control module 15 controls the working time sequence of the first array CCD detector 13 and the second array CCD detector 14; the data acquisition and processing module 16 is used for acquiring and processing signals of the detector.
The atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis system adopting the nuclear fusion device can realize the atomic reaction quantitative diagnosis method, and the method can be carried out according to the following operation steps:
step1: according to the physical parameters and working conditions of the diagnosis area, determining that the first spectral line of the dual-spectrum system is a low quantum number Barr end line H α (3.fwdarw.2), the first spectral line transitions from an energy level of 3 for the principal quantum number to an energy level of 2 for the principal quantum number, and the second spectral line is the high quantum number Barl-end line H η (9.fwdarw.2), the second spectral line transitions from an energy level of the principal quantum number 9 to an energy level of the principal quantum number 2.
step2: determination of the present systemThe measuring space is shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a section perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the nuclear fusion device, and the space range is 700mm multiplied by 500mm. According to FIG. 2, the resolution of the measurement space is 7mm×5mm, and the measurement space is divided into n grid areas, which are marked as S i I=1, 2,3, … n. The corresponding radiation coefficient of the spatial position is denoted as r i . The pixel sequence of the first area array signal detector and the second signal detector is marked as A j And B j ,j＝1，2，3，…，512 2 . And A is j And B is connected with j Corresponding to the same spatial location. Calculation S i Length d of line of sight of each pixel j of CCD camera at detector ij 。
step3: and calibrating the detector measurement value of the diagnostic system in situ on the nuclear fusion device. On a nuclear fusion device, H corresponding to measured values of different pixel positions of a first array CCD detector 13 under the current space environment condition is determined by utilizing an integrating sphere and a standard light source α The number of photons, H corresponding to the measured values of different pixel positions of the second planar array CCD detector 14 η Photon number. Give the detector for H at all pixel points α And H η Calibration parameters of spectral lines.
step4: setting time sequence control parameters, triggering the first and second area array signal detectors simultaneously by using the time sequence control module 15, measuring, and obtaining H of the whole measuring space by the first area array CCD detector 13 α The spectral line radiation intensity distribution, the second planar array CCD detector 14 obtains H of the whole measuring space η Spectral line radiation intensity distribution; and storing the corresponding data; and calculating the absolute intensity corresponding to the measured value according to the calibration parameters of step 3.
step5: from the results of step4 and step3, an iterative formula was used for tomographic inversion
Inversion analysis is carried out to obtain a target space S to be measured i Intensity of radiation at
And->
In->
And->
Target space S to be measured at k and k+1 iterations, respectively i Corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j Absolute radiation intensity, d, measured for detector CCD camera pixel j ij For the target space S to be measured i The length of the line of sight at each pixel j of the CCD camera. />
And
respectively are spectral lines H α And H η In the target space S to be measured i Intensity of radiation at, initial value r i 0 Set to 0.
step6: using the formula
Calculating the double-spectrum radiation in the target space S to be measured i The radiation intensity ratio y of (2) i 。
step7: according to theoretical data, H under different plasma density and temperature conditions is calculated α And H η Spectral line radiation photon number ratio A (n e ,T e ). According to A (n e ,T e ) Characteristic, determining S i Atomic reaction characteristics of the region. When y is i When the temperature is more than or equal to 10000, the area is all ionization reaction, which is called ionization reaction area; when y is i A value of less than or equal to 400, wherein all the areas are composite reactions, which are called composite reaction areas; other regions have both ionization and recombination reactions, known as mixing regions.
step8：According to the space region S i By using the ionization reaction or recombination reaction number (SXB) of unit photon to calculate the space region S i Atomic reaction number of (a) is provided. In the target space S to be measured i In the case of ionization reaction region, according to
Multiplying the ionization reaction coefficient of the unit photon to calculate the ionization reaction quantity; in the target space S to be measured i In the case of a complex reaction zone, according to ∈ ->
Multiplying the composite reaction number of the unit photon to calculate the composite reaction number; in the target space S to be measured i In the case of the mixed region, y i According to +.2000 +.>
Multiplying the number of composite reactions of the unit photon to calculate the number of composite reactions, when y i According to ∈2000 when ∈2000>
The ionization number is calculated by multiplying the ionization number coefficient of the unit photon.
step9: based on step8, repeatedly calculating all target spaces S to be measured i Thereby obtaining the number and the spatial distribution of ionization reaction and recombination reaction in the whole measurement space range.
The system has the advantages that the atomic reaction characteristics, the quantity and the spatial distribution of the nuclear fusion device edge or the partial filter region space can be given, multiple atomic reaction processes can be analyzed simultaneously, and the system has the characteristics of simplicity, large measured spatial region (m multiplied by m), strong two-dimensional spatial resolution (mm multiplied by mm) and high time resolution (up to 5 ms).
The foregoing detailed description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. An atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method for a nuclear fusion device for quantitatively measuring an atomic reaction process of plasma in a two-dimensional space of an edge and a divertor region in the nuclear fusion device, the atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic method comprising the operations of:
determining a selected two-dimensional space region in the nuclear fusion device, and demarcating a target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region;
acquiring double-spectrum spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional space region, wherein the double-spectrum spectral line information comprises different spectrum absolute intensities;
according to the acquired double-spectrum spectral line information, performing iterative calculation by adopting chromatographic inversion to obtain the radiation intensity of double-spectrum radiation in a target space to be measured;
and determining the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured according to the radiation intensity ratio, and quantitatively determining the atomic reaction number according to the atomic reaction characteristics of the target space to be measured and the radiation intensity or photon number.
2. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, wherein,
acquiring the bispectral spectral line information of the selected two-dimensional spatial region includes:
and measuring the selected two-dimensional space region by adopting a two-sided array CCD detector, wherein the pixel sequences of the two-sided array CCD detector correspond to the same space position.
3. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 2, wherein,
according to the acquired double-spectrum spectral line information, obtaining the radiation intensity of double-spectrum radiation in the target space to be measured by adopting chromatographic inversion iterative computation comprises the following steps:
absolute calibration is carried out on the measured value of the two-sided array CCD detector, including in-situ calibration is carried out on the measured value of spectral lines of the two-sided array CCD detector, and photon quantity corresponding to the measured value of each pixel point of the two-sided array CCD detector is determined.
4. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, wherein,
and measuring and obtaining the radiation intensity of the double spectral lines of the selected two-dimensional space region on the two-sided array CCD detector respectively according to the absolute calibration of each pixel point of the two-sided array CCD detector.
5. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, wherein,
and carrying out iterative computation by utilizing tomographic inversion according to the radiation intensity, carrying out inversion analysis to obtain the corresponding radiation intensities of the double spectral lines at the target space to be measured, and calculating the radiation intensity ratio of the double spectral radiation at the target space to be measured.
6. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, wherein,
the method also comprises the following operations:
and judging whether the measurement target space is an ionization reaction area or a composite reaction area or a mixed area combining ionization reaction and composite reaction according to the radiation intensity ratio of the target space to be measured, and obtaining the atomic reaction characteristic of the target space to be measured.
7. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 6, wherein,
and calculating the atomic reaction quantity of the target space to be measured by utilizing the ionization reaction or the composite reaction quantity of the unit photon according to the atomic reaction characteristic of the target space to be measured.
8. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 7, wherein,
the double spectrum lines are a first spectrum line and a second spectrum line respectively;
the first spectral line is a low quantum number Bare end line H α The second spectral line is a high quantum number bar end line, wherein the second spectral line n>=5, n is the atomic number of the primary quanta of the spectral line;
a. when the target space to be measured is an ionization reaction area, calculating the ionization reaction quantity of the area according to the radiation intensity of the first spectral line at the target space to be measured and the ionization reaction quantity of the unit photon;
b. when the target space to be measured is a composite reaction area, calculating the composite reaction quantity of the area according to the radiation intensity of the second spectral line at the target space to be measured and the composite reaction quantity of the unit photon;
c. when the target space to be measured is a mixed area, selecting one of the methods a or b according to the radiation intensity ratio of the double-spectrum radiation at the target space to be measured, and calculating the ionization reaction or the compound reaction number of the area.
9. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, wherein,
the demarcating the target space to be measured in the selected two-dimensional space region includes:
dividing the selected two-dimensional space region into n space grid regions according to the measured space resolution requirement, wherein each space grid region is a target space to be measured.
10. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 9, wherein,
the partitioning into n spatial grid regions includes the following operations:
obtaining a space region to be segmented, wherein the space region is as follows: and dividing the selected two-dimensional space region into n space grid regions according to the resolution requirement of the space region to be divided in the corresponding space of the cross section which is circumferentially vertical to the nuclear fusion device.
11. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 10, wherein,
and diagnosing all or part of the target space to be measured obtained by segmentation to obtain the number and distribution of ionization reactions and composite reactions in the whole or part of the selected two-dimensional space region.
12. The quantitative diagnostic method for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 3, wherein,
when the chromatographic inversion iterative calculation is adopted, the iterative formula is expressed as follows:
wherein r is i k And r i k+1 Target space S to be measured at k and k+1 iterations, respectively i Corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j The radiation intensity, d, measured for the camera pixel j of the array CCD detector ij The length of the line of sight of each pixel j of the array CCD detector camera is measured for the target space to be measured.
13. A measurement assembly for use in quantitative diagnostics of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device, comprising:
the incidence end of the light splitter is used for receiving light emitted from the middle edge of the nuclear fusion device and the divertor region and splitting the light into two parts;
a first planar CCD detector, the incident end of which corresponds to a first emission part of an optical path split from the optical splitter;
and a second planar CCD detector, the incident end of which corresponds to a second emission part of the other optical path separated from the optical splitter.
14. The measurement assembly for use in quantitative diagnosis of atomic reactions in a nuclear fusion device according to claim 13 wherein,
the incident end of the first array CCD detector is provided with a first filter, and the front end of the first filter is provided with a first lens;
the incident end of the second array CCD detector is provided with a second filter, and the front end of the second filter is provided with a second lens.
15. An atomic reaction quantitative diagnostic system for a nuclear fusion device, comprising:
the vacuum sealing observation window is used for being arranged on the nuclear fusion device in a sealing way, and is used for enabling light in the nuclear fusion device to be emitted from the vacuum sealing observation window, adjusting the vacuum sealing observation window and controlling a selected two-dimensional space area;
the incident end of the optical path lens group corresponds to the vacuum sealing observation window, and the optical path lens group is used for guiding the direction of an optical path;
the incident end of the signal detection module corresponds to the emitting end of the light path lens group;
the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the signal detection module;
the light path mirror group comprises a beam splitter arranged on a light path and used for splitting incident light into two parts;
the signal detection module comprises a first array CCD detector and a second array CCD detector;
the emission end of the beam splitter corresponds to the incidence end of the first planar CCD detector and the incidence end of the second planar CCD detector respectively.
16. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 15, wherein,
the device also comprises a time sequence control module;
the time sequence control module is respectively connected with the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector;
the data acquisition and processing module is respectively connected with the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector;
the time sequence control module is used for time sequence control of the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector so as to trigger the first array CCD detector and the second array CCD detector to simultaneously perform measurement work.
17. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 15, wherein,
the optical path lens group comprises:
the first lens is arranged at the incident end of the first array CCD detector;
and the second lens is arranged at the incident end of the second array CCD detector.
18. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 17, wherein,
the optical path lens group comprises:
the first filter plate is arranged at the emission end of the first lens;
the second filter is arranged at the emitting end of the second lens.
19. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 15, wherein,
the light path lens group further comprises a collimating lens arranged on the light path;
the incident end of the collimating mirror corresponds to the emission end of the vacuum sealing observation window;
the emitting end of the collimating mirror corresponds to the incident end of the beam splitter.
20. The quantitative diagnostic system for atomic reaction of a nuclear fusion device according to claim 15, wherein,
the data acquisition and processing module is configured to execute instructions of a tomographic inversion iterative computation program, and the tomographic inversion iterative computation iterative formula is expressed as:
wherein r is i k And r i k+1 Target space S to be measured at k and k+1 iterations, respectively i Corresponding unknown radiation intensity, I j The radiation intensity, d, measured for the camera pixel j of the array CCD detector ij The length of the line of sight of each pixel j of the array CCD detector camera is measured for the target space to be measured.
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