CN116306033A - Hydraulic regulation and control method for controlling overgrowth of submerged plant through flow fluctuation flushing - Google Patents
Hydraulic regulation and control method for controlling overgrowth of submerged plant through flow fluctuation flushing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic regulation method for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, and belongs to the technical field of submerged plant growth inhibition. The method includes determining a critical flow rate that controls excessive growth of the submerged plant; judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water quantity is smaller than the critical flow quantity, if so, adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach; if not, adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not smaller than the critical flow to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach. The invention develops ecological dispatching control for invading submerged plant overgrowth from the perspective of hydraulic regulation, realizes effective control for submerged plant overgrowth, and avoids harm to water ecology and water environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of submerged plant growth inhibition, in particular to a hydraulic regulation method and a hydraulic regulation system for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing.
Background
The invasion of external submerged plants is a global ecological problem at present, most invasive species have the characteristics of strong adaptability, high growth diffusion speed and the like, and seriously invade the growth space of local submerged plants, so that the biological diversity is reduced, the community structure is changed, the water ecological balance is damaged, meanwhile, a water channel is blocked, and the loss is caused for shipping, power generation, irrigation and the like.
The method for controlling submerged plants such as the waterweeds mainly comprises physical interception, mechanical salvage, medicament spraying, herbivorous fish stocking and ecological scheduling, wherein the physical interception and mechanical salvage methods are applied, but due to the large amount of float matters of the waterweeds, the salvage cost is high, and the submerged plants can not be salvaged in time due to too much float waterweeds in a large-flow passing condition, and only passive response is realized. The method for spraying the medicament can generate larger water environment risk, and the method for stocking herbivorous fishes has long period and the proliferation and release quantity is difficult to determine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic regulation and control method and a hydraulic regulation and control system for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, so as to realize effective control of overgrowth of the submerged plants and avoid harm to water ecology and water environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a hydraulic regulation method for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants through flow fluctuation flushing, which comprises the following steps:
determining a critical flow rate for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants;
judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water quantity is smaller than the critical flow quantity or not, and obtaining a first judgment result;
if the first judgment result shows that the flow extreme value ratio is not less than the extreme value ratio threshold value, performing hydraulic regulation on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode to realize scouring of the target river reach; the flow extremum ratio is the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow;
if the first judgment result indicates no, adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not smaller than the critical flow to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach so as to realize scouring of the target river reach.
Optionally, the determining the critical flow rate for controlling the overgrowth of the submerged plant specifically includes:
establishing a two-dimensional dynamic model of the river reach of the object; the two-dimensional dynamic model is used for simulating the flow velocity and flow distribution of the river reach of the object;
initializing an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the maximum monthly average flow of the target river reach, and a lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the average water level corresponding to the maximum monthly average flow;
grid calculation is carried out on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and the average flow rate of a target water area of the target river reach is determined; the target water area is an area suitable for the growth of the submerged plants in the target river reach;
judging whether the average flow velocity is smaller than a critical flow velocity or not, and obtaining a second judging result;
if the second judgment result shows that the water level is equal to the water level, the upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional power model is increased, the water level corresponding to the increased upper boundary condition is determined to be used as the lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional power model based on the water level-flow relation, and the step of carrying out grid calculation on the two-dimensional power model is returned to, so as to determine the average flow rate of the target water area of the river reach of the object;
and if the second judgment result indicates no, outputting an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as a critical flow for controlling overgrowth of the submerged plant.
Optionally, the grid computing is performed on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and determining the average flow rate of the target water area of the target river reach further includes:
calculating to obtain the average flow velocity and the average water depth of the boundary of each submerged plant community of the river reach;
calculating the average value of the average flow velocity at the boundary of all submerged plant communities in the river reach to be used as the critical flow velocity;
calculating the average value of the average water depths of all submerged plant communities in the river reach as the critical water depth;
initializing an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the maximum monthly average flow of the target river reach, and a lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the average water level corresponding to the maximum monthly average flow;
grid calculation is carried out on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and a water flow velocity distribution plane graph and a water depth distribution plane graph of the target river reach are obtained;
extracting a water area range which is smaller than or equal to the critical flow rate in a water flow velocity distribution plan view and is used as a first water area range;
extracting a water area range with the water depth less than or equal to the critical running water depth in the water depth distribution plan view as a second water area range;
and determining the overlapping area of the first water area and the second water area as the target water area.
Optionally, the method for hydraulically regulating and controlling the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value to realize the scouring of the target river reach specifically comprises the following steps:
judgment formula
If so, obtaining a third judgment result; wherein (1)>
For minimum ecological flow->
For the average flow in the last 7 days of the subject river reach,
the water inflow can be adjusted for upstream;
if the third judgment result shows that the flow rate is equal to the maximum flow rate, the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is determined to be
The minimum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is less than or equal to 0.5 times of the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation;
if the third judgment result indicates no, determining that the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is greater than or equal to
The maximum flow rate of the hydraulic control is greater than or equal to 2 times the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic control.
Optionally, the method for hydraulically controlling the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold and the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow to realize the scouring of the river reach specifically includes:
determining that the maximum flow rate of hydraulic regulation is greater than or equal to the critical flow rate;
and determining that the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic control is less than or equal to 0.5 times the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic control.
A hydraulic control system for controlling submerged plant overgrowth by flow fluctuation flushing, the system being applied to the method described above, the system comprising:
the critical flow determining module is used for determining critical flow for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants;
the first judging module is used for judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water amount is smaller than the critical flow amount or not, and obtaining a first judging result;
the first hydraulic regulation and control module is used for carrying out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value if the first judgment result shows that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value, so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach; the flow extremum ratio is the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow;
and the second hydraulic regulation and control module is used for carrying out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow if the first judgment result indicates no, so as to realize the scouring of the river reach.
An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method described above when executing the computer program.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed performs the method described above.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the embodiment of the invention provides a hydraulic regulation method and a hydraulic regulation system for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a critical flow rate for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants; judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water quantity is smaller than the critical flow quantity or not, and obtaining a first judgment result; if the first judgment result shows that the flow extreme value ratio is not less than the extreme value ratio threshold value, performing hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode, so as to realize the flushing of the target river reach and realize the flushing of the target river reach; the flow extremum ratio is the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow; if the first judgment result indicates no, adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not smaller than the critical flow to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach and the scouring of the target river reach. The invention develops ecological dispatching control for invading submerged plant overgrowth from the perspective of hydraulic regulation, realizes effective control for submerged plant overgrowth, and avoids harm to water ecology and water environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a hydraulic regulation method for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic control method for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a critical flow rate determination method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of critical flow rate and critical water depth measurements of Isaria verniciosa provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a target river segment 1 st ecological scheduling process provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the 2 nd and 3 rd ecological scheduling process of the target river segment according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the peak biomass annual change of the algae of Targeted river Duan Yile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of distribution change of the waterweed in the river of interest 2019-2021.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic regulation and control method and a hydraulic regulation and control system for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, so as to realize effective control of overgrowth of the submerged plants and avoid harm to water ecology and water environment.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a hydraulic control method for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flushing with flow fluctuation, and embodiment 1 of the present invention is described by taking the example of the waterweed, but the application of the present invention is not limited to the control of the waterweed. The method comprises the following steps:
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the determining the critical flow rate for controlling the overgrowth of the submerged plant specifically includes: establishing a two-dimensional dynamic model of the river reach of the object; the two-dimensional dynamic model is used for simulating the flow velocity and flow distribution of the river reach of the object; initializing an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the maximum monthly average flow of the target river reach, and a lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the average water level corresponding to the maximum monthly average flow; grid calculation is carried out on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and the average flow rate of a target water area of the target river reach is determined; the target water area is an area suitable for the growth of the submerged plants in the target river reach; judging whether the average flow velocity is smaller than a critical flow velocity or not, and obtaining a second judging result; if the second judgment result shows that the water level is equal to the water level, the upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional power model is increased, the water level corresponding to the increased upper boundary condition is determined to be used as the lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional power model based on the water level-flow relation, and the step of carrying out grid calculation on the two-dimensional power model is returned to, so as to determine the average flow rate of the target water area of the river reach of the object; and if the second judgment result indicates no, outputting an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as a critical flow for controlling overgrowth of the submerged plant.
Taking the Haematococcus as an example, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a planar two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is adopted to determine critical flow, and the specific method is as follows:
and carrying out the flow velocity simulation of the target river reach based on the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, setting the upper boundary of the model as an upstream incoming water flow condition, and then determining the downstream water level boundary condition of the model according to the water level-flow relationship of the target river reach.
The upstream inflow water flow condition is determined by a trial and error method, firstly, an initial flow condition is assumed according to the maximum monthly average flow, model simulation calculation is carried out, flow velocity values of a model calculation grid corresponding to the water area suitable for growth of the waterweeds are extracted from calculation results, the whole is averaged, whether the average flow velocity of the water area suitable for growth of the waterweeds reaches a critical flow velocity or not is judged under the assumed flow condition, if the average flow velocity is smaller than the critical flow velocity, model simulation calculation is carried out again by increasing the upstream inflow water flow condition, if the average flow velocity is larger than the critical flow velocity, model simulation calculation is carried out by reducing the upstream inflow water flow until the whole average flow velocity of the water area suitable for growth of the waterweeds reaches the critical flow velocity, and at the moment, the upper boundary flow condition set by the model is the minimum flow velocity required for controlling the overgrowth of the waterweeds.
The method for determining the target water area comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain the average flow velocity and the average water depth of the boundary of each submerged plant community of the river reach; calculating the average value of the average flow velocity at the boundary of all submerged plant communities in the river reach to be used as the critical flow velocity; and calculating the average water depth at the boundary of all submerged plant communities in the river reach to be used as the critical water depth.
Taking the example of the waterweed, the water flow rate (critical flow rate) and the water depth range (critical water depth) of the waterweed suitable for growth are determined through field investigation and monitoring, and the specific method is as follows:
submerged plants such as the waterweeds are distributed along the river bank to the river course in a Hongzhu growing mode, in a period that the waterweeds grow more vigorously in summer, the waterweed community boundary farthest from the river bank is determined through the salvage of the waterweeds, and the surface flow velocity and the water depth are measured along the waterweed community boundary by using a flow velocity meter and a water depth measuring instrument. As shown in fig. 4, the specific steps can be expressed as:
(1) the water area with dense growth of the waterweeds is selected for measurement, the surface flow velocity and the water depth of a plurality of sampling points are measured along the outer boundary of the community at equal distance (as shown in figure 4), and an array (v) can be obtained by measuring in the area a a1 ，h a1 ），（v a2 ，h a2 ），......（v an ，h an ），v a1 、v a2 And v an Surface flow rates, h, respectively representing the 1 st, 2 nd and nth sample points of region a a1 、h a2 And h an The surface water depths of the 1 st, 2 nd and n th sampling points of the a area are respectively represented, and the average flow velocity and the average water depth at the boundary of the Haematococcus community of the a area are obtained by adopting an arithmetic average method and are marked as v a ，h a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Measurement in the m-region yields an array (v m1 ，h m1 ），（v m2 ，h m2 ），……（v mn ，h mn ），v m1 、v m2 And v mn Surface flow rates, h, respectively representing the 1 st, 2 nd and nth sample points of the m-zone m1 、h m2 And h mn The surface water depths of the 1 st, 2 nd and n th sampling points of the m region are respectively expressed, and the average flow velocity and the average water depth at the boundary of the m region of the Haemophilus parasuis community are obtained by adopting an arithmetic average method and are recorded as v m ，h m ；
(2) Calculating the average flow velocity and average water depth of the suitable growth of the Haematococcus in the whole investigation region by adopting an arithmetic average method, and marking the average flow velocity and average water depth as v ave ，h ave ；
(3) The water flow rate range suitable for growth of the waterweed is 0~v ave The water depth range is 0~h ave The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Due to v here ave And h ave Is the average water flow velocity and water depth at the outer boundary of the waterweed community, which is equivalent to the critical velocity and critical water depth affecting the growth of waterweed, and is denoted as v Critical of And h Critical of 。
Because the flow velocity and the water depth at the boundary of the waterweed community are different under different flow conditions, the invention combines the practical experience to claim that the measurement is most suitable to be carried out in the growth vigorous period (before the flood comes) of the waterweed in summer, on one hand, the waterweed plant in summer is close to maturity, the boundary of the community is more obvious, on the other hand, the flow of the river channel in the summer flood season is increased, the scouring effect on the boundary of the waterweed community is stronger, and the measured data more accords with the concept of a critical value. The average value can be measured as the final critical flow rate and critical water depth by multiple measurements.
Initializing an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the maximum monthly average flow of the target river reach, and a lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the average water level corresponding to the maximum monthly average flow; grid calculation is carried out on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and a water flow velocity distribution plane graph and a water depth distribution plane graph of the target river reach are obtained; extracting a water area range which is smaller than or equal to the critical flow rate in a water flow velocity distribution plan view and is used as a first water area range; extracting a water area range with the water depth less than or equal to the critical running water depth in the water depth distribution plan view as a second water area range; and determining the overlapping area of the first water area and the second water area as the target water area.
Taking the example of the Happy algae, the specific steps for determining the target water area are as follows:
the water area range and the spatial distribution of the suitable growth of the waterweeds are determined by adopting a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model simulation and a superposition method, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and simulating the flow velocity and water depth distribution of the river reach of the object by using the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model can be implemented by using relatively mature software such as Mike21, EFDC, delft3D and the like, and can also be simulated by using an autonomously developed model. The key point of simulating the flow velocity and the water depth distribution of the river reach plane is to reasonably determine the boundary conditions calculated by the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The invention claims that the average flow of the maximum month of the river reach is used as the upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model simulation, and the average water level corresponding to the flow is used as the lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model simulation. According to practical investigation, the maximum month average flow rate generally occurs in summer flood season, and the flow rate value is consistent with the development, amplification and overgrowth of the waterweed community. Simulating a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the constant flow and the water level boundary, and extracting the planar two-dimensional water flow velocity and water depth distribution of the target river reach from the simulation result;
(2) drawing a water flow velocity and water depth plan of the river reach of the object by using space analysis tools such as arcgis and the like, and extracting an overlapped area of a water area range smaller than or equal to a critical flow velocity and a water area range smaller than or equal to a critical water depth by using a cutting tool in arcgis through layer superposition, wherein the overlapped area is the water area range suitable for growth of the Happy algae.
The method for realizing the flushing of the target river reach by adopting the flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value to carry out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach comprises the following steps: judgment formula
If so, obtaining a third judgment result; wherein (1)>
For minimum ecological flow->
For the average flow in the last 7 days of the subject river reach, < > in->
The water inflow can be adjusted for upstream; if the third judgment result shows that the hydraulic regulation and control system is yes, determining that the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation and control system is +.>
(i.e., Q in FIG. 2) Maximum water supply capacity ) The minimum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is less than or equal to 0.5 times of the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation; if the third judgment result indicates no, determining that the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is greater than or equal to +.>
The maximum flow rate of the hydraulic control is greater than or equal to 2 times the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic control.
And 104, if the first judgment result indicates no, adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold and the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach.
The adoption of the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value, and the flow fluctuation mode that the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow is adopted to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach to realize the scouring of the target river reach, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: determining that the maximum flow rate of hydraulic regulation is greater than or equal to the critical flow rate; and determining that the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic control is less than or equal to 0.5 times the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic control.
Taking the waterweed as an example, the most central content of the hydraulic regulation method for controlling the overgrowth of the waterweed by the flow fluctuation flushing is a flow fluctuation flushing scheme for clearly controlling the overgrowth of the waterweed, which comprises a flow fluctuation mode, a fluctuation range and a duration.
According to the richness of upstream adjustable incoming water flow, two scenes are divided.
Scenario one: upstream adjustable water supply quantity is insufficient
）。
(1) Flow fluctuation mode:
in this scenario, hydraulic regulation is performed in a manner that the flow extremum ratio is not less than 2.0 (an exemplary extremum ratio threshold is 2.0).
(2) Flow fluctuation range:
the flow fluctuation regulation range of the upstream incoming water comprises two indexes of minimum flow and maximum flow.
In general, the minimum flow is determined and then the maximum flow is estimated.
a. Minimum flow rate
). To maintain river health, it is generally required that the river discharge be not lower than the minimum ecological discharge. When the upstream water supply is insufficient, the minimum flow is regulated and controlled according to the ecological flow which is not less than the minimum ecological flow, namely +.>
In extreme drought years, when the average flow rate in the last 7 days is smaller than the minimum ecological flow rate, the minimum flow rate for controlling the overgrowth of the cola algae can be regulated and controlled according to the average flow rate in the last 7 days, namely +.>
。
b. Maximum flow rate [ ]
). The embodiment of the invention calculates the maximum flow required by hydraulic regulation by using the flow extremum ratio index. According to practical investigation statistics of the target river segment, the water grass disasters (namely, the phenomenon that the excessive growth of the waterweeds causes a large number of branches to float on the water surface and seriously affects the normal power generation of a downstream water power station and the flood discharge and shipping of a river channel) are found to be less than 2.0 in the extreme value ratio of the flow in 1-3 months in spring, and the extreme value ratio of the flow in 1-3 months in the non-occurrence period of the water grass disasters is greater than 2.0. Based on the rule, the invention provides a method for controlling the flow fluctuation range of the overgrowth of the cola algae to regulate and control according to the flow extremum ratio not lower than 2.0. Therefore, according to the extreme ratio of the flow not less than 2.0, when the minimum flow is determined, the maximum flow is not less than 2 times of the minimum flow, namely +.>
。
In a few cases, when the maximum regulating flow calculated according to 2 times of the minimum ecological flow exceeds the upstream inflow regulating capacity, the maximum adjustable flow can be determined first, and then the minimum regulating flow is calculated according to 0.5 times of the maximum.
(3) The regulation duration time is as follows:
in the situation, the invention takes the common tolerance time of waterflow scouring of the Isaria waterflow as the reference, and determines the hydraulic regulation and control holdThe continuous time is not less than 5 days, and the regulating period reaches the maximum flow Q max The effect of controlling the excessive growth of the waterweed is better than that of the single-peak flow fluctuation process when the number of times exceeds 2.
Scenario two: upstream adjustable water supply quantity is sufficient
）。
(1) Flow fluctuation mode:
in the situation, the flow extremum ratio is larger than 2.0, and the fluctuation mode that the peak flow is not lower than the critical flow is considered, namely, the overall average flow rate of the water area where the waterweeds are suitable to grow reaches or exceeds the critical flow rate by regulating and controlling the upstream inflow flow. The flow regulation mode has better control effect on the excessive growth of the waterweed than the mode based on the flow extremum ratio alone.
(2) Flow fluctuation range:
the flow fluctuation regulation range of the upstream incoming water comprises two indexes of critical flow and minimum flow. The critical flow is determined first and then the minimum flow is determined.
a. Critical flow [ ]
). The critical flow is the minimum flow requirement required for controlling the overgrowth of the waterweeds, namely, the upstream inflow water flow corresponding to the moment when the average flow rate of the waterweeds suitable for growing reaches the critical flow rate.
b. Minimum flow rate
). Calculating the minimum flow based on the general principle that the flow extremum ratio is not less than 2.0, wherein the minimum flow is not higher than 0.5 times of the critical flow after the critical flow is determined, namely +_>
。
In summary, the minimum requirement for controlling the flow regulation range of the excessive growth of the waterweed is
. In the situation that the upstream incoming water flow is sufficient (the incoming water flow can reach or exceed the critical flow), the maximum value of the upstream incoming water flow can exceed +.>
Is marked as->
This->
The lower flow limit of the water-based water pump is not higher than +.>
That is, the flow rate regulation range for controlling the overgrowth of the waterweeds when the upstream water supply amount is sufficient is +.>
Here->
And->
。
(3) The regulation duration time is as follows:
in the situation, the invention takes the common tolerance time of the waterflow scouring of the Isaria waterflow as reference, and determines that the hydraulic regulation duration is not less than 5 days, and the regulation period reaches the maximum flow as far as possible
Is more than 2 times; under the condition that the upstream incoming water is sufficient, a plurality of rounds of flow regulation based on the critical flow rate and the flow extremum ratio not lower than 2.0 can be continuously carried out with 5 days as one period.
The scheduling process implemented by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: as shown in FIG. 5, the first ecological scheduling test is carried out on the target river section power station for 39 days in the period of 23 days to 30 days in 3 months and 4 months in 2020. During the dispatching, the actual measurement flow of the hydrological station of the target river section is 597-1390 m 3 Fluctuation in s interval, flowThe ratio of the extreme value is about 2.3, and the average flow is 1010m 3 And/s. As shown in fig. 6, a second ecological scheduling test was performed for the target river segment power station for 7 days, 22 to 28 days 2 months 2021. During the dispatching, the actual measured flow of the hydrological station of the target river section is 548-1320 m 3 Fluctuation in interval/s, flow extremum ratio of about 2.4, average flow 963m 3 And/s. And a third ecological scheduling test is carried out on the target river section power station for 7 days in 2021, 3 months and 8-14 days. During the dispatching, the actual measurement flow of the hydrological station of the target river section is 536-1310 m 3 Fluctuation in the interval/s, flow extremum ratio of about 2.4, average drain flow 909m 3 /s。
The ecological scheduling effect of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1) Under the influence of measures such as ecological scheduling, the target Jiang Duanyi algae biomass and the distribution area are in a year-by-year reduction trend, and the ecological scheduling effect is obvious.
As shown in fig. 7, peak biomass of the waterweed was reduced from 4.8 ten thousand tons in 2019 to 1.3 ten thousand tons in 2020 and 0.58 ten thousand tons in 2021, as compared to the same period. The peak total biomass of the waterweed in 2021 was about 45% of the 2020 syn and only about 12% of the 2019 grass disaster syn. The distribution area of the waterweed was also about 11.6km from 2019 2 Reduced to about 2.02km in 2020 2 Further reduced to 0.48km in 2021 2 . The area of the distribution of the waterfront and the water bank of the Haematococcus is most obviously reduced.
2) Flow velocity change of concentrated distribution area of waterweed during ecological dispatching
And simulating the flow velocity change condition of the target river segment by using a Mike21 model (namely a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model established by Mike21 software). As shown in FIG. 8, the simulation results show that the average flow rate of the whole river segment of the target river segment during the three-time ecological scheduling is increased from about 0.12-0.14m/s to about 0.24m/s at the highest before scheduling. From a local representative water area, the average flow rate of the water area with relatively concentrated distribution of the waterweeds (namely, the main distribution area of the waterweeds in fig. 8) is increased during the third ecological scheduling, and the average flow rates respectively reach 0.21m/s, 0.20m/s and 0.20m/s, which exceed the upper flow rate limit of 0.14m/s for the proper growth of the waterweeds. From a flow rate perspective, the three-dimensional scheduling all achieves the expected flow rate increase effect.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a hydraulic control system for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, the system being applied to the above method, the system comprising:
and the critical flow determining module is used for determining critical flow for controlling overgrowth of the submerged plant.
The first judging module is used for judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water quantity is smaller than the critical flow quantity or not, and obtaining a first judging result.
The first hydraulic regulation and control module is used for carrying out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value if the first judgment result shows that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value, so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach; the flow extremum ratio is the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow.
And the second hydraulic regulation and control module is used for carrying out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow if the first judgment result indicates no, so as to realize the scouring of the river reach.
Example 3
An embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the method described above when executing the computer program.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements the method described above.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the overgrowth of the external invasion submerged plant, namely the waterweed, in the river and river channel type reservoir is controlled by adjusting the upstream water supply condition, so that the influence of the overgrowth of the waterweed on hydroelectric power generation, flood control and the like is avoided.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hydraulic regulation method for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a critical flow rate for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants;
judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water quantity is smaller than the critical flow quantity or not, and obtaining a first judgment result;
if the first judgment result shows that the flow extreme value ratio is not less than the extreme value ratio threshold value, performing hydraulic regulation on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode to realize scouring of the target river reach; the flow extremum ratio is the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow;
if the first judgment result indicates no, adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not smaller than the critical flow to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach so as to realize scouring of the target river reach.
2. The hydraulic control method for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the critical flow for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants specifically comprises:
establishing a two-dimensional dynamic model of the river reach of the object; the two-dimensional dynamic model is used for simulating the flow velocity and flow distribution of the river reach of the object;
initializing an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the maximum monthly average flow of the target river reach, and a lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the average water level corresponding to the maximum monthly average flow;
grid calculation is carried out on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and the average flow rate of a target water area of the target river reach is determined; the target water area is an area suitable for the growth of the submerged plants in the target river reach;
judging whether the average flow velocity is smaller than a critical flow velocity or not, and obtaining a second judging result;
if the second judgment result shows that the water level is equal to the water level, the upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional power model is increased, the water level corresponding to the increased upper boundary condition is determined to be used as the lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional power model based on the water level-flow relation, and the step of carrying out grid calculation on the two-dimensional power model is returned to, so as to determine the average flow rate of the target water area of the river reach of the object;
and if the second judgment result indicates no, outputting an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as a critical flow for controlling overgrowth of the submerged plant.
3. The hydraulic control method for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation and flushing according to claim 2, wherein the grid calculation is performed on the two-dimensional dynamic model to determine the average flow rate of the target water area of the target river reach, and the method further comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain the average flow velocity and the average water depth of the boundary of each submerged plant community of the river reach;
calculating the average value of the average flow velocity at the boundary of all submerged plant communities in the river reach to be used as the critical flow velocity;
calculating the average value of the average water depths of all submerged plant communities in the river reach as the critical water depth;
initializing an upper boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the maximum monthly average flow of the target river reach, and a lower boundary condition of the two-dimensional dynamic model as the average water level corresponding to the maximum monthly average flow;
grid calculation is carried out on the two-dimensional dynamic model, and a water flow velocity distribution plane graph and a water depth distribution plane graph of the target river reach are obtained;
extracting a water area range which is smaller than or equal to the critical flow rate in a water flow velocity distribution plan view and is used as a first water area range;
extracting a water area range with the water depth less than or equal to the critical running water depth in the water depth distribution plan view as a second water area range;
and determining the overlapping area of the first water area and the second water area as the target water area.
4. The hydraulic regulation and control method for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing according to claim 1, wherein the method for realizing flushing of the target river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value to hydraulically regulate and control the upstream river reach is characterized by comprising the following steps:
judgment formula
If so, obtaining a third judgment result; wherein (1)>
For minimum ecological flow->
For the average flow in the last 7 days of the subject river reach,
the water inflow can be adjusted for upstream;
if the third judgment result shows that the flow rate is equal to the maximum flow rate, the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is determined to be
The minimum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is less than or equal to 0.5 times of the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation;
if the third judgment result indicates no, determining that the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic regulation is greater than or equal to
The maximum flow rate of the hydraulic control is greater than or equal to 2 times the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic control.
5. The hydraulic regulation and control method for controlling excessive growth of submerged plants by flow fluctuation flushing according to claim 1, wherein the method for realizing flushing of the target river reach by hydraulic regulation and control of the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold and the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow is specifically included:
determining that the maximum flow rate of hydraulic regulation is greater than or equal to the critical flow rate;
and determining that the minimum flow rate of the hydraulic control is less than or equal to 0.5 times the maximum flow rate of the hydraulic control.
6. A hydraulic control system for controlling submerged plant overgrowth by means of flow fluctuation flushing, characterized in that the system is applied to the method according to any one of claims 1-5, the system comprising:
the critical flow determining module is used for determining critical flow for controlling overgrowth of submerged plants;
the first judging module is used for judging whether the upstream adjustable incoming water amount is smaller than the critical flow amount or not, and obtaining a first judging result;
the first hydraulic regulation and control module is used for carrying out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value if the first judgment result shows that the flow extremum ratio is not smaller than the extremum ratio threshold value, so as to realize the scouring of the target river reach; the flow extremum ratio is the ratio of the maximum flow to the minimum flow;
and the second hydraulic regulation and control module is used for carrying out hydraulic regulation and control on the upstream river reach by adopting a flow fluctuation mode that the flow extremum ratio is not less than the extremum ratio threshold value and the maximum flow is not less than the critical flow if the first judgment result indicates no, so as to realize the scouring of the river reach.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.
8. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 5.
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