CN116305505A - BIM technology and target optimization-based cooling tower noise reduction design method - Google Patents
BIM technology and target optimization-based cooling tower noise reduction design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization, and belongs to the technical field of noise reduction design. The invention utilizes BIM technology to build the graphic model, and intuitively and three-dimensionally presents the real-time noise reduction design scheme by building the physical simulation of the graphic model; the invention also realizes the noise elimination structure improvement conveniently and accurately by constructing the data simulation of the function model, and obtains the noise elimination structure design proposal with optimal construction cost by establishing the target optimization model of economic cost. The invention can effectively improve the noise reduction design efficiency of the cooling tower, automatically balance the noise reduction measure effect and the construction implementation cost of the cooling tower, and enhance the design reliability and economy of the noise reduction structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of noise reduction design, and particularly relates to a cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization.
Background
As people have increased their quality of life requirements, building noise control has also become increasingly stringent. The noise of the electromechanical system is an important aspect affecting the control of the building noise, and the outdoor cooling tower is used as one of the main noise sources of the electromechanical system, and the noise generated by the operation of the outdoor cooling tower is spread through air, so that the noise is easy to cause acoustic pollution to the surrounding environment.
At present, the noise treatment capability of the cooling tower production enterprises is weaker, most products have no additional noise reduction measures, actual operation cannot meet the national environmental protection secondary standards of GB55016-2021 and GB3096-2008, namely, the requirements of night noise of less than or equal to 45-50 dB (A) are not met, and only few low-tonnage ultralow-noise cooling towers can meet the requirements of night noise standards in small areas.
The conventional design mode of making an uproar falls in cooling tower, the topography drawing that provides through the two-dimensional mode of laying out comprehensive consideration design institute, cooling tower and the big pattern of pipeline arrangement, design instruction and the big pattern of equipment that the cooling tower manufacturer provided, use the empirical formula to carry out theoretical calculation of making an uproar and structural design of making an uproar in the layout process, this mode is not directly perceived, easy to appear to be leaked, waste time and energy, unable real-time adjustment just can not realize the purpose of automatic noise elimination structural optimization according to the demand.
In recent years, BIM technology and target optimization algorithm are continuously advanced and gradually applied to the noise treatment field, the BIM technology can determine noise elimination measure requirements of noise influence range through physical simulation based on a graphic model, the target algorithm can improve noise elimination structure through data simulation of a function model, construction cost is optimized, and a cooling tower noise reduction method can be formed by combining the BIM technology with the target algorithm to solve the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization, which utilizes BIM technology to establish a graphic model, simulates noise elimination additional measures for the influence range of a noise source and a propagation path of the cooling tower based on physical simulation of the graphic model, improves noise elimination structure design by constructing data simulation of a function model, develops economic cost target optimization, and obtains a cooling tower noise reduction structure design scheme with optimal noise elimination facility economy.
The present invention achieves the above technical object by the following means.
A cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining a noise reduction target in an acoustic environment functional area and a noise influence range of the cooling tower;
step 2: sequentially creating a cooling tower body high-precision model, a system pipeline high-precision model and an accessory part high-precision model;
step 3: continuously building engineering models comprising the topography of the cooling tower arrangement area, the building, the supporting structure, the lanes, the well and the channels on the basis of the model created in the step 2 to form a limiting model;
step 4: continuously building engineering models comprising cooling tower equipment, system pipelines, pipes, valves, vibration absorbers and power distribution cabinets on the basis of the limiting models to form functional models;
step 5: continuously building a model of a surrounding building on the basis of the functional model, and marking the noise reduction target position of a sensitive area of the building to form a target model;
step 6: on the basis of the target model, arranging cooling tower equipment in a modularized form, and simultaneously arranging an access door;
step 7: calculating the superposition noise amount of all cooling tower module groups after the modular combination treatment in the step 6;
step 8: calculating the noise quantity to be processed, which is transmitted to each sensitive point by the superimposed noise of the air inlet side, the side plate side and the air outlet side of the cooling tower;
step 9: setting a noise elimination structure on each cooling tower in the target model after the modular combination treatment in the step 6 based on the noise amount to be treated;
step 10: performing data simulation by constructing a function model to optimize the silencing structure designed in the step 9;
step 11: and (3) establishing a cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model with the aim of minimizing the cooling tower noise reduction facility construction economic cost, and solving the model to obtain a cooling tower noise reduction structure design scheme with optimal noise reduction facility economy.
Further, in the step 9, the setting of the sound attenuation structure is as follows:
the air inlet side of the cooling tower is provided with a silencing shutter with a built-in silencing insert, the length of the silencing shutter covers the length of the air inlet of the cooling tower, the height of the air inlet of the cooling tower, the total area meets the air inlet requirement of the cooling tower, and the rest part is a sound insulation barrier; the side plate side of the cooling tower adopts a totally-enclosed sound insulation barrier, the sound insulation barrier covers the arrangement area of the cooling tower, the top of the sound insulation barrier is level with the air outlet of the cooling tower, an openable access door is reserved, and an access ladder is arranged according to a limiting model; the air outlet side of the cooling tower is provided with a muffler with a built-in noise elimination insert, and an air slow flow area is reserved between the muffler and the air outlet of the cooling tower and a guide plate is arranged.
Further, the specific process of the step 10 is as follows:
step 10.1: the sound attenuation hundred is calculated by the following (1) to (4)Leaf noise level
Noise amount to be treated of muffler>
Air inlet coefficient of silencing shutter>
Muffler air-out coefficient->
：
In the formula (1), the components are as follows,
the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material; />
Is the sound attenuation coefficient related to the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material; />
The effective silencing length of the silencing inserting piece is the silencing louver; />
The interval between the silencing inserting sheets is the interval between silencing blinds; in the formula (2), ->
The effective silencing length of the silencing inserting piece of the silencer is; />
The interval between the silencing inserting sheets of the silencer is set; in the formula (3), ->
The length of the silencing shutter is equal to that of the silencing shutter; />
The number of the silencing inserts is the number of silencing blinds; />
The air inlet of the cooling tower is long; />
The air inlet of the cooling tower is wide;
the number of air inlets of each cooling tower; />
The number of cooling towers; />
The air inlet coefficient of the cooling tower; in the formula (4), ->
Is the muffler length; />
The number of the silencing inserting pieces is the number of the silencing inserting pieces of the silencer; />
The diameter of an air outlet of the cooling tower; />
The number of air outlets of each cooling tower;
the average wind speed of the air intake is calculated by the following (5) and (6) respectively
Average wind speed of air-out->
：
In the formulas (5) and (6),
the air quantity is the single air quantity of the cooling tower;
the pressure loss of the silencing shutter is calculated by the following steps (7) and (8)
Muffler pressure loss->
：
In the formulas (7) and (8),
、/>
are local resistance coefficients; />
Is air density;
the regeneration noise to be considered in the air outlet of the cooling tower is calculated by the following (9) and (10) respectively
Area of air-out flow channel>
：
In the formula (9), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
is a regeneration coefficient;
step 10.2: the effective silencing length and the interval of the silencing louver silencing inserting piece which meet the noise target limit value are established according to the following formula (1), (3), (5) and (7):
the effective silencing length and the interval of the silencer silencing inserting piece meeting the noise target limit value are established according to the following mutual relation between the effective silencing length and the interval of the silencer silencing inserting piece, wherein the effective silencing length and the interval of the silencer silencing inserting piece meet the noise target limit value are shown in the following formulas (2), (4), (6), (8), (9) and (10):
step 10.3: taking the inter-system relation formula as a mathematical model, balancing and adjusting according to the optimization requirement on the premise of meeting the noise reduction target limit value
And->
Is->
And->
The value trend of (2) realizes the optimization of the noise elimination structure.
Further, the specific process of the step 11 is as follows:
calculating the construction economic cost of the air inlet side silencing shutter, the construction economic cost of the air outlet side silencer and the construction economic cost of the cooling tower noise reduction facility by using the following steps of (11), (12) and (13):
in the formula (11), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
is a silencing shutter->
A noise amount; in the formula (12), ->
Superposing noise on the muffler; />
Muffler no->
A noise amount; />
The number of sound sources contained for each set of cooling tower modules; />
The number of levels that noise energy will increase when running simultaneously for multiple cooling tower module sets; in the formula (13), ->
To build economic cost; />
To build economic cost coefficients; />
The thickness of the silencing inserting piece is equal to that of the silencing shutter; />
The thickness of the silencing insert sheet of the silencer is equal to that of the silencing insert sheet of the silencer;
the cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model established with the objective of minimizing the cooling tower noise reduction facility construction economic cost is represented by the following formula (14):
decision variables of the cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model include: effective silencing length of the silencing louver, silencing inserting sheet interval of the silencing louver, effective silencing length of the silencer and silencing inserting sheet interval of the silencer;
and then, solving the economic cost optimization model of the noise reduction facility of the cooling tower based on a Gurobi optimization solver under the python platform, and outputting a design scheme of the noise reduction structure of the cooling tower with optimal economic efficiency of the noise reduction facility.
Further, the superimposed noise amount in the step 7
Obtained by calculation of the formula:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the number of sound sources contained for each set of cooling tower modules; />
The number of levels that noise energy will increase when running simultaneously for multiple cooling tower module sets; />
Is->
Amount of noise.
Further, the noise amount to be processed in the step 8
Obtained by calculation of the formula:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the amount of superimposed noise for all cooling tower module groups; />
Is a prescribed noise limit; />
Is the noise attenuation; />
The distance from the sound receiving point 1 to the sound source; />
Is the distance from the sound receiving point 2 to the sound source.
Further, the sound insulation barrier adopts a 100mm thick modularized sound screen board with the sound insulation amount not lower than 24dB, and the perforated plate adopts a 0.8mm perforated aluminum plate; the sound absorption material adopts 100mm thick anti-corrosion, hydrophobic and nonflammable sound absorption cotton with high sound absorption coefficient; a damping layer with the thickness of 2mm is adopted between the sound screen plate and the outer galvanized steel sheet; the internal frame of the silencing shutter adopts a hot galvanizing structure; triangular guide plates are adopted at two ends of the muffler.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing cooling tower noise reduction method, the cooling tower noise reduction method based on BIM technology and target optimization has the advantages that a real-time noise reduction design scheme is intuitively and three-dimensionally presented by establishing physical simulation of a graphic model; constructing data simulation of a function model, and conveniently and accurately realizing noise elimination structure improvement; and (3) performing target optimization of economic cost, and automatically providing an optimal construction design scheme of construction cost. The invention can effectively improve the noise reduction design efficiency of the cooling tower, automatically balance the noise reduction measure effect and the construction implementation cost of the cooling tower, and enhance the design reliability and economy of the noise reduction structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cooling tower model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a limiting model;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic of a functional model;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic of a target model;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a sound damping construction arrangement.
In the figure: 1-a cooling tower; 2-lane; 3-channel; 4-hoistway; 5-building; 6-a support structure; 7-system piping; 8-pipe fitting; 9-valve; 10-a power distribution cabinet; 11-surrounding building;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the specification of GB-55016-2021 general Specification for building environment and GB-3096-2008 standard for sound environment quality, determining the sound environment functional region where the cooling tower 1 is located and the noise influence range noise reduction target, the embodiment takes the class 2 sound environment functional region (namely diurnal (06:00-22:00) is less than or equal to 60dB (A) and nighttime (22:00-6:00) is less than or equal to 50dB (A)) in the following table 1 where the cooling tower 1 is located as an example for scheme description;
TABLE 1 various acoustic environment functional areas and noise limit values table
Under the condition of no other noise source, selecting point positions in each sensitive area at the 1 meter position outside the building entrance and the window, and adopting a noise sensitive building detection method to test the equivalent sound level Leq of stable noise for 1min, wherein the equivalent sound level Leq does not exceed a specified limit value.
Step 2: and extracting parameter information of required size, specification, model and the like according to a model matching sample of a cooling tower equipment manufacturer, and establishing a cooling tower body high-precision model shown in figure 1 by using a surface-based metric conventional family template file in Revit software based on a BIM technology.
Step 3: parameter information such as required materials, specifications, series, pipe outer diameter, pipe inner diameter and the like is extracted from GBT3091-2015 low-pressure fluid conveying welded steel pipe, and based on BIM technology, a system pipe high-precision model is built by utilizing a line-based metric conventional group template file on the basis of the cooling tower body high-precision model built in step 2 in Revit software.
Step 4: parameter information of required specifications, models, series, dimensions, materials and the like is extracted from GBT12459-2005 steel butt welding seamless pipe fitting, valve manufacturer samples, guanlong valve, accessory part manufacturer atlases such as a power distribution cabinet and the like, and based on BIM technology, in Revit software, on the basis of a system pipeline high-precision model established in step 3, pipe fitting models such as an elbow, a variable diameter, a tee joint and the like are established by utilizing metric conventional group template files, and meanwhile, valve such as a butterfly valve, an electric butterfly valve, a water distribution device and the like and accessory part high-precision models such as a shock absorber, a power distribution cabinet, a cat ladder and the like are established.
Step 5: according to the design drawing of the periphery of the arrangement area of the cooling tower 1 and the engineering site mapping data information, based on BIM technology, in Revit software, building a one-to-one engineering model comprising facilities, boundaries, marks and the like of the arrangement area of the cooling tower 1, such as a building 5, a supporting structure 6, a lane 2, a well 4, a channel 3 and the like by utilizing a new project template file, namely completing the construction of the restriction model shown in figure 2;
step 6: and (3) combining a large design pattern of cooling tower arrangement with a deep engineering design technology, continuously constructing a one-to-one engineering model comprising auxiliary components such as cooling tower equipment, system pipelines 7, pipe fittings 8, valves 9, vibration dampers and a power distribution cabinet 10 on the basis of the limiting model constructed in the step (5) by taking coordinates and an axis network as positioning basis based on a BIM technology, and completing the construction of the functional model shown in fig. 3.
Step 7: and (3) continuously constructing a peripheral building 11 model on the basis of the functional model constructed in the step (6) by taking coordinates, an axis network and an elevation as layout basis in Revit software based on BIM technology according to design data, city construction planning drawings and engineering site mapping record data, determining that the noise transmission range mainly influences facilities, and then marking sensitive areas such as building entrances and exits, windows and the like to reduce noise target positions, thereby completing construction of the target model shown in fig. 4.
Step 8: and (3) adopting a combination mode of three equipment which are in a group and two equipment which are in a group, arranging cooling tower equipment in a modularized form on the basis of the target model built in the step (7) according to the number of groups which are designed to meet requirements of the configuration of the design ton, and simultaneously, arranging an access door penetrating through the equipment, thereby realizing the function of the cooling tower 1 and meeting the requirements of equipment internal inspection.
Step 9: performing superposition analysis on noise generated by the air inlet side, the side plate side and the air outlet side of each cooling tower 1 in the target model processed in the step 8, determining superposition noise of cooling tower module groups, and increasing the noise energy by D levels when a plurality of cooling tower module groups run simultaneously, wherein the superposition noise amount of all the cooling tower module groups after modularized combination is
，
，/>
Is->
Amount of noise.
Step 10: the amount of noise to be processed (i.e., the portion of noise that passes to the sensitive point and still exceeds the prescribed limit after attenuation) at each sensitive point is calculated by the following superimposed noise on the intake side, side plate side, and exhaust side of the cooling tower 1:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
is the amount of noise to be treated; />
Is a prescribed noise limit; />
Is the noise attenuation; />
The distance from the sound receiving point 1 to the sound source; />
The distance from the sound receiving point 2 to the sound source;
the sensitive point refers to the most adverse effect point of causing serious interference to neighboring apartments, hotels, houses, businesses, office buildings, and the like when no noise reduction treatment is provided to the cooling tower 1.
Step 11: based on the noise amount data to be processed calculated in the step 10, the air inlet sides (usually two opposite sides) of each cooling tower 1 in the target model processed in the step 8 are provided with silencing shutters with built-in silencing inserting pieces, the length of each silencing shutter covers the length and the height of the air inlet of the cooling tower 1, the total area meets the air inlet requirement of the cooling tower 1, and the rest is a sound insulation barrier;
the side plates (usually opposite sides) of the cooling tower 1 are provided with totally-enclosed sound insulation barriers, the sound insulation barriers cover the arrangement area of the cooling tower 1, the top of the sound insulation barriers is level with the air outlet of the cooling tower 1, and an openable access door is reserved and an access ladder is arranged according to a limiting model so as to facilitate later maintenance;
a muffler with a built-in noise elimination insert is arranged on the air outlet side of the cooling tower 1, an air slow flow area is reserved between the muffler and the air outlet of the cooling tower 1, and a guide plate is arranged, so that the air flow directly flows to the muffler without overflowing to the air inlet side of the cooling tower 1;
sound insulation barrier (by galvanized steel sheet, sound absorber, perforated plate constitute), noise elimination tripe (by galvanized steel sheet, sound absorber, perforated plate constitute), silencer (by perforated plate, sound absorber, perforated plate constitute), bed course, structural frame, crossbeam etc. can carry out the material selection according to engineering project actual conditions, the material selection in this embodiment is as follows:
the sound insulation barrier adopts a 100mm thick modularized sound screen board with the sound insulation amount not lower than 24dB (A), so that the production period and the construction period are effectively shortened, and the maintenance is convenient; the perforated plate adopts a perforated aluminum plate with 0.8mm, and the perforation rate meets the design requirement; the sound absorption material adopts 100mm thick anti-corrosion, hydrophobic and nonflammable sound absorption cotton with high sound absorption coefficient; a damping layer with the thickness of 2mm is adopted between the sound screen plate and the outer galvanized steel sheet, so that low-frequency noise is reduced; the steel structure skeleton upright post adopts a main frame welded by 125X 125H section steel, and the cross beam adopts a secondary frame welded by 100X 50X 3mm section steel; the internal frame of the silencing shutter adopts a hot galvanizing structure; the triangular guide plates are adopted at the two ends of the muffler to reduce airflow resistance.
Step 12: performing data simulation by constructing a function model to optimize the silencing structure designed in the step 11, and checking the noise reduction effect:
step 12.1: the noise quantity to be treated of the silencing shutter is calculated by the following steps (1) to (4) respectively
Noise amount to be treated of muffler>
Air inlet coefficient of silencing shutter>
Muffler air-out coefficient->
：
In the formula (1), the components are as follows,
the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material; />
Is the sound attenuation coefficient related to the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material; />
The effective silencing length of the silencing inserting piece is the silencing louver; />
The interval between the silencing inserting sheets is the interval between silencing blinds; in the formula (2), ->
The effective silencing length of the silencing inserting piece of the silencer is; />
The interval between the silencing inserting sheets of the silencer is set; in the formula (3), ->
The length of the silencing shutter is equal to that of the silencing shutter; />
The number of the silencing inserts is the number of silencing blinds; />
The air inlet of the cooling tower 1 is long; />
The air inlet of the cooling tower 1 is wide;
the number of air inlets of each cooling tower 1; />
The number of cooling towers 1; />
The air inlet coefficient of the cooling tower 1; in the formula (4), ->
Is the muffler length; />
The number of the silencing inserting pieces is the number of the silencing inserting pieces of the silencer; />
The diameter of the air outlet of the cooling tower 1; />
The number of the air outlets of each cooling tower is 1; according to the information of the equipment manufacturer, the user can know about->
、/>
More than or equal to 1.5, if the heat dissipation condition is good, the lower limits of the values of the formulas (3) and (4) are 1.5;
the average wind speed of the air intake is calculated by the following (5) and (6) respectively
Average wind speed of air-out->
：
In the formulas (5) and (6),
the air quantity is the single air quantity of the cooling tower 1; according to the information of equipment manufacturers, the air flow rate of the air channel is less than or equal to 8m/s, which means that the air circulation effect is good, and the upper limits of the values of the formulas (5) and (6) are 8;
the pressure loss of the silencing shutter is calculated by the following steps (7) and (8)
Muffler pressure loss->
：
In the formulas (7) and (8),
、/>
are local resistance coefficients; />
Is air density; according to the information of equipment manufacturers, the pressure loss is less than or equal to 100pa, and the upper limits of the values of the formulas (7) and (8) are 100;
the regeneration noise to be considered in the air outlet of the cooling tower 1 is calculated by the following (9) and (10) respectively
Area of air-out flow channel>
：
In the formula (9), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
for regeneration coefficient, its value is obtained by referring to the handbook for practical heat supply and air conditioner (Liu Yaoqing. Handbook for practical heat supply and air conditioner [ M ]]: publishing by Chinese construction industry Press, 2008).
Step 12.2: the effective silencing length and the interval between the silencing louver silencing inserting pieces meeting the noise target limit value shown below (namely
And->
Inter-system relationship between):
the effective silencing length and the interval between the silencing inserts of the silencer meeting the noise target limit value shown below (namely
And->
Inter-system relationship between):
step 12.3: taking the two inter-system relation formulas obtained in the step 12.2 as a mathematical model, and balancing and adjusting the two sets of inter-system relation formulas according to the optimization requirement on the premise of meeting the noise reduction target limit value
And->
Is->
And->
The value trend of (1) can realize the optimization of the noise reduction facility structure (namely, the noise elimination structure as shown in fig. 5);
for example: to ensure the design economy of the noise elimination structure, the noise elimination structure is reduced
Increase->
Decrease->
Increase->
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Conversely, to ensure the design effect of the sound-deadening structure, the +.>
Decrease->
Increase->
Decrease->
。
Step 13: establishing a cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model with the aim of minimizing the cooling tower 1 noise reduction facility construction economic cost, and solving the model to obtain a cooling tower 1 noise reduction structure design scheme with optimal noise reduction facility economy:
the construction economic cost of the noise reduction facility of the cooling tower 1 is directly related to the effective length of noise elimination and the noise reduction area, and the construction economic cost of the air inlet side noise elimination shutter, the construction economic cost of the air outlet side noise elimination device and the construction economic cost of the noise reduction facility of the cooling tower 1 are respectively obtained by the following calculation of (11), (12) and (13):
in the formula (11), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
is a silencing shutter->
A noise amount; in the formula (12), ->
Superposing noise on the muffler; />
Muffler no->
A noise amount; />
The number of sound sources contained for each set of cooling tower modules; />
The number of levels that noise energy will increase when running simultaneously for multiple cooling tower module sets; in the formula (13), ->
To build economic cost; />
To build economic cost coefficients; />
The thickness of the silencing inserting piece is equal to that of the silencing shutter; />
The thickness of the silencing insert sheet of the silencer is equal to that of the silencing insert sheet of the silencer;
the cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model established with the objective of minimizing the cooling tower 1 noise reduction facility construction economic cost is represented by the following formula (14):
decision variables of the cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model include: effective silencing length of the silencing louver, silencing inserting sheet interval of the silencing louver, effective silencing length of the silencer and silencing inserting sheet interval of the silencer;
and then, solving the economic cost optimization model of the cooling tower noise reduction facility based on a Gurobi optimization solver under the python platform, outputting a cooling tower 1 noise reduction construction design scheme with optimal noise reduction facility economy, and storing a function model file and an optimization scheme code program file for use.
The noise sensitive building detection method is a conventional method used in the field, and the embodiment will not be described in detail. The examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious modifications, substitutions or variations that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: determining a noise reduction target in an acoustic environment functional area and a noise influence range where the cooling tower (1) is positioned;
step 2: sequentially creating a cooling tower body high-precision model, a system pipeline high-precision model and an accessory part high-precision model;
step 3: continuously building an engineering model comprising the arrangement region terrain of the cooling tower (1), a building (5), a supporting structure (6), a lane (2), a well (4) and a channel (3) on the basis of the model created in the step (2) to form a limiting model;
step 4: continuously building an engineering model comprising cooling tower equipment, a system pipeline (7), a pipe fitting (8), a valve (9), a shock absorber and a power distribution cabinet (10) on the basis of the limiting model to form a functional model;
step 5: continuously building a model of a peripheral building (11) on the basis of the functional model, and marking the noise reduction target position of a sensitive area of the building to form a target model;
step 6: on the basis of the target model, arranging cooling tower equipment in a modularized form, and simultaneously arranging an access door;
step 7: calculating the superposition noise amount of all cooling tower module groups after the modular combination treatment in the step 6;
step 8: calculating the noise quantity to be processed, which is transmitted to each sensitive point by the superimposed noise of the air inlet side, the side plate side and the air outlet side of the cooling tower (1);
step 9: setting a noise elimination structure on each cooling tower (1) in the target model after the modular combination treatment in the step 6 based on the noise amount to be treated;
step 10: performing data simulation by constructing a function model to optimize the silencing structure designed in the step 9;
step 11: and (3) establishing a cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model by taking the cooling tower (1) noise reduction facility construction economic cost minimization as a target, and solving the model to obtain a cooling tower (1) noise reduction structure design scheme with optimal noise reduction facility economy.
2. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on the BIM technology and the target optimization according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9, the setting of the noise elimination structure is as follows:
the air inlet side of the cooling tower (1) is provided with a silencing shutter with a built-in silencing inserting piece, the length of the silencing shutter covers the length of the air inlet of the cooling tower (1), the height of the air inlet of the cooling tower (1) is covered by the silencing shutter, the total area meets the air inlet requirement of the cooling tower (1), and the rest part is a silencing barrier; the side plate side of the cooling tower (1) adopts a totally-enclosed sound insulation barrier, the sound insulation barrier covers the arrangement area of the cooling tower (1), the top of the sound insulation barrier is level with the air outlet of the cooling tower (1), an openable access door is reserved, and an access ladder is arranged according to a limiting model; the air outlet side of the cooling tower (1) is provided with a muffler with a built-in noise elimination insert, and an air slow flow area is reserved between the muffler and the air outlet of the cooling tower (1) and a guide plate is arranged.
3. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on the BIM technology and the target optimization according to claim 2, wherein the specific process of the step 10 is as follows:
step 10.1: the noise quantity to be treated of the silencing shutter is calculated by the following steps (1) to (4) respectively
Noise amount to be treated of muffler>
Air inlet coefficient of silencing shutter>
Muffler air-out coefficient->
：
In the formula (1), the components are as follows,
the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material; />
Is the sound attenuation coefficient related to the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of the sound absorption material; />
The effective silencing length of the silencing inserting piece is the silencing louver; />
The interval between the silencing inserting sheets is the interval between silencing blinds; in the formula (2), ->
The effective silencing length of the silencing inserting piece of the silencer is; />
The interval between the silencing inserting sheets of the silencer is set; in the formula (3), ->
The length of the silencing shutter is equal to that of the silencing shutter; />
The number of the silencing inserts is the number of silencing blinds; />
The air inlet of the cooling tower (1) is long; />
The air inlet of the cooling tower (1) is wide;
the number of air inlets of each cooling tower (1); />
The number of the cooling towers (1); />
The air inlet coefficient of the cooling tower (1); in the formula (4), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
is the muffler length; />
The number of the silencing inserting pieces is the number of the silencing inserting pieces of the silencer; />
The diameter of the air outlet of the cooling tower (1); />
The number of air outlets of each cooling tower (1);
the average wind speed of the air intake is calculated by the following (5) and (6) respectively
Average wind speed of air-out->
：
In the formulas (5) and (6),
the air quantity is the single air quantity of the cooling tower (1);
the pressure loss of the silencing shutter is calculated by the following steps (7) and (8)
Muffler pressure loss->
：
In the formulas (7) and (8),
、/>
are local resistance coefficients; />
Is air density;
the regeneration noise to be considered in the air outlet of the cooling tower (1) is calculated by the following steps (9) and (10)
Area of air-out flow channel>
：
In the formula (9), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
is a regeneration coefficient;
step 10.2: establishing a mutual relation between effective silencing length and interval of silencing louver silencing inserting pieces meeting noise target limit values as follows:
establishing a mutual relation between effective silencing length and interval of a silencing inserting sheet of the silencer, which meets the noise target limit value, as follows:
step 10.3: taking the inter-system relation formula as a mathematical model, balancing and adjusting according to the optimization requirement on the premise of meeting the noise reduction target limit value
And->
Is->
And->
The value trend of (2) realizes the optimization of the noise elimination structure.
4. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on the BIM technology and the target optimization according to claim 3, wherein the specific process of the step 11 is as follows:
the following (11), (12) and (13) are used for respectively calculating the construction economic cost of the air inlet side silencing shutter, the construction economic cost of the air outlet side silencer and the construction economic cost of the noise reduction facility of the cooling tower (1):
in the formula (11), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
is a silencing shutter->
A noise amount; in the formula (12), ->
Superposing noise on the muffler; />
Muffler no->
A noise amount; />
The number of sound sources contained for each set of cooling tower modules; />
The number of levels that noise energy will increase when running simultaneously for multiple cooling tower module sets; in the formula (13), ->
To build economic cost; />
To build economic cost coefficients; />
The thickness of the silencing inserting piece is equal to that of the silencing shutter; />
The thickness of the silencing insert sheet of the silencer is equal to that of the silencing insert sheet of the silencer;
the cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model established with the objective of minimizing the cooling tower (1) noise reduction facility construction economic cost is represented by the following formula (14):
decision variables of the cooling tower noise reduction facility economic cost optimization model include: effective silencing length of the silencing louver, silencing inserting sheet interval of the silencing louver, effective silencing length of the silencer and silencing inserting sheet interval of the silencer;
and then, solving the economic cost optimization model of the noise reduction facility of the cooling tower based on a Gurobi optimization solver under the python platform, and outputting the design scheme of the noise reduction structure of the cooling tower (1) with optimal economic efficiency of the noise reduction facility.
5. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on the BIM technique and the objective optimization according to claim 1, wherein the superimposed noise amount in the step 7
Obtained by calculation of the formula:
wherein,,
the number of sound sources contained for each set of cooling tower modules; />
The number of levels that noise energy will increase when running simultaneously for multiple cooling tower module sets; />
Is->
Amount of noise.
6. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and objective optimization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the noise amount to be processed in the step 8
Obtained by calculation of the formula:
wherein,,
the amount of superimposed noise for all cooling tower module groups; />
Is a prescribed noise limit; />
Is the noise attenuation;
the distance from the sound receiving point 1 to the sound source; />
Is the distance from the sound receiving point 2 to the sound source.
7. The cooling tower noise reduction design method based on BIM technology and target optimization according to claim 2, wherein the sound insulation barrier adopts a 100mm thick modularized sound screen board with the sound insulation amount not lower than 24dB, and the perforated plate adopts a 0.8mm perforated aluminum plate; the sound absorption material adopts 100mm thick anti-corrosion, hydrophobic and nonflammable sound absorption cotton with high sound absorption coefficient; a damping layer with the thickness of 2mm is adopted between the sound screen plate and the outer galvanized steel sheet; the internal frame of the silencing shutter adopts a hot galvanizing structure; triangular guide plates are adopted at two ends of the muffler.
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| CN104315879A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 沈阳化工大学 | Noise control method for cooling tower |
| CN114861560A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-08-05 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | Cooling tower noise optimization analysis method based on noise rule and test |
| CN115691986A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | Design method of transformer auxiliary air-cooling and water-cooling intelligent heat dissipation system |
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| CN104315879A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-01-28 | 沈阳化工大学 | Noise control method for cooling tower |
| CN114861560A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-08-05 | 湖南联诚轨道装备有限公司 | Cooling tower noise optimization analysis method based on noise rule and test |
| CN115691986A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-02-03 | 西安交通大学 | Design method of transformer auxiliary air-cooling and water-cooling intelligent heat dissipation system |
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