CN116300133A - Three-dimensional display device and system - Google Patents
Three-dimensional display device and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116300133A CN116300133A CN202310294317.XA CN202310294317A CN116300133A CN 116300133 A CN116300133 A CN 116300133A CN 202310294317 A CN202310294317 A CN 202310294317A CN 116300133 A CN116300133 A CN 116300133A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
- G02B30/29—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays characterised by the geometry of the lenticular array, e.g. slanted arrays, irregular arrays or arrays of varying shape or size
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional display device and a system. The three-dimensional display device includes: the projection assembly, the angle-of-view prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating; the projection component is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the expansion angle prism array membrane; the angle-of-field prism array diaphragm and the cylindrical lens grating are arc-shaped and have the same circle center, and the circle center is positioned on the optical axis of the projection assembly; the view-angle prism array diaphragm is positioned between the projection assembly and the cylindrical lens grating, one surface of the view-angle prism array diaphragm is provided with a plurality of saw-tooth structures which are arranged along a first direction, and the saw-tooth structures are configured to deflect light emitted by the projection assembly in the first direction; the lenticular lens includes a plurality of lenticular lenses arranged along a second direction, the lenticular lenses expanding light incident thereon along the second direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction. The invention can enlarge the viewing angle of the three-dimensional display device in the first direction.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of three-dimensional display technologies, and in particular, to a three-dimensional display device and system.
Background
The light field display technology has wide application in the field of modern display technology, and the corresponding requirements on the light field display technology are also higher and higher.
However, in the existing light field display technology, the horizontal viewing angle of the optical component is not large enough, so that the viewing angle of the light field display has limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional display device and a system thereof, which are used for expanding the horizontal visual angle of the three-dimensional display device.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional display device including:
the projection assembly, the angle-of-view prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating;
the projection component is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the expansion angle prism array membrane;
the angle-of-field prism array diaphragm and the cylindrical lens grating are arc-shaped and have the same circle center, and the circle center is positioned on the optical axis of the projection assembly;
the view-angle prism array diaphragm is positioned between the projection assembly and the cylindrical lens grating, one surface of the view-angle prism array diaphragm is provided with a plurality of saw-tooth structures which are arranged along a first direction, and the saw-tooth structures are configured to deflect light emitted by the projection assembly in the first direction;
the cylindrical lens grating comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a second direction, and the cylindrical lenses are used for expanding light incident on the cylindrical lenses along the second direction; the first direction intersects the second direction.
Optionally, the sawtooth structure is configured to refract the light emitted by the projection component to change the propagation direction of the light, and comprises a functional surface and a non-functional surface, wherein an included angle between the functional surface and a corresponding tangent line of the view angle prism array diaphragm is a functional surface inclination angle;
in the plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction, the functional surface inclination angle of the sawtooth structures gradually becomes smaller along the direction of pointing the edge to the center; the function surface inclination angle is determined according to a first preset angle between the incident light rays incident on the function surface and the optical axis, so that the refraction light formed by the incident light rays after passing through the corresponding sawtooth structures is perpendicular to the circular arc where the angle-expanding prism array diaphragm is located.
Optionally, one surface of the prism array diaphragm of the angle of view close to the prism grating is of the sawtooth structure.
Optionally, an included angle between the nonfunctional surface and a perpendicular line of the tangent line is a nonfunctional surface inclination angle;
the non-functional surface inclination angle is smaller than a second preset angle, and the second preset angle is a refraction angle of incident light formed by the fact that the emergent light of the projection assembly is incident into the expansion angle prism array membrane.
Optionally, an included angle between the functional surface and the non-functional surface is a vertex angle, and the vertex angle is greater than or equal to a third preset angle.
Optionally, a surface of the prism array diaphragm of the angle of view close to the projection assembly is of the saw tooth structure.
Optionally, a plurality of cylindrical mirrors are arranged on one surface of the cylindrical grating close to the view-angle prism array diaphragm, and the cylindrical mirrors face the view-angle prism array diaphragm; the cylindrical lens is an aspheric surface and has a preset aspheric coefficient, a first preset refractive index and a first preset size so that light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating accords with lambertian distribution.
Optionally, a plurality of first cylindrical mirrors are arranged on a surface, close to the expansion angle prism array diaphragm, of the cylindrical grating, and a plurality of second cylindrical mirrors are arranged on a surface, away from the expansion angle prism array diaphragm, of the cylindrical grating; the first cylindrical lens is away from the cylindrical surface of the second cylindrical lens, the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens have a second preset curvature radius, a second preset refractive index and a second preset size, and a first circular center distance is arranged between the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens so that light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating accords with lambertian distribution.
Optionally, a surface of the cylindrical lens grating, which is close to the view angle prism array diaphragm, is provided with a plurality of third cylindrical lenses, a surface of the cylindrical lens grating, which is far away from the view angle prism array diaphragm, is provided with a plurality of fourth cylindrical lenses, the third cylindrical lenses are opposite to the cylindrical surfaces of the fourth cylindrical lenses, the third cylindrical lenses and the fourth cylindrical lenses are provided with a third preset curvature radius, a third preset refractive index and a third preset size, and a second circle center distance is arranged between the third cylindrical lenses and the fourth cylindrical lenses, so that light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating accords with lambertian distribution.
Optionally, the three-dimensional display device further includes a quasi-linear fresnel lens, and the quasi-linear fresnel lens is disposed between the projection assembly and the viewing angle prism array film.
Optionally, the projection assembly includes a display chip and a projection lens;
the display chip is provided with a plurality of vector pixels arranged along a first direction; the projection lens is arranged between the display chip and the expansion angle prism array membrane.
Optionally, the three-dimensional display device further comprises a double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror, the double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror comprises a first supporting mirror and a second supporting mirror which are connected in a finger-joint mode, the view angle prism array diaphragm is fixed on the first supporting mirror, and the prism grating is fixed on the second supporting mirror.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional display system including: the lamp post is provided with a plurality of three-dimensional display devices.
Optionally, the three-dimensional display system further comprises a turntable and a human eye tracking device, wherein the lamp post is fixed on the turntable, and the human eye tracking device is used for tracking the position of human eyes.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the adopted three-dimensional display device comprises: the projection assembly, the angle-of-view prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating; the projection component is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the expansion angle prism array membrane; the view-angle prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating are arc-shaped and have the same circle center, and the circle center is positioned on the optical axis of the projection component; the lens comprises a projection assembly, a prism grating, a prism array diaphragm, a plurality of saw-tooth structures, a plurality of light-emitting diodes and a plurality of light-emitting diodes, wherein the prism array diaphragm is positioned between the projection assembly and the prism grating; the lenticular lens includes a plurality of lenticular lenses arranged along a second direction for expanding light incident thereon along the second direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction. Through setting up the angle of view prism array diaphragm for the light beam expands the beam in first direction, sets up the sawtooth structure simultaneously, can enlarge the angle of expanding the beam, thereby greatly enlarged the viewing angle of three-dimensional display device in first direction.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a light path diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a saw tooth structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a cylindrical lens grating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another lenticular grating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another lenticular grating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a prism array film for an angle of view according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another three-dimensional display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the three-dimensional display device includes: a projection assembly 11, a view angle prism array diaphragm 12 and a lenticular grating 13; the projection component 11 is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the expansion angle prism array membrane 12; the view angle prism array diaphragm 12 and the cylindrical lens grating 13 are arc-shaped and have the same circle center, and the circle center is positioned on the optical axis of the projection assembly 11; the view-angle prism array film 12 is located between the projection assembly 11 and the lenticular lens 13, one surface of the view-angle prism module 12 is provided with a plurality of sawtooth structures 121 arranged along a first direction X, and the sawtooth structures 121 are configured to deflect light emitted by the projection assembly 11 in the first direction X; the lenticular 13 includes a plurality of cylindrical mirrors 131 arranged along a second direction Z for expanding light incident thereon along the second direction Z, the first direction X intersecting the second direction Z.
Specifically, the projection assembly 11 may be understood as a vector pixel, and the projection assembly 11 may include a display chip 111 and a projection lens 112, where a plurality of display pixels arranged along a first direction X and a second direction are disposed on the display chip 111. Wherein the vector pixel is an optical device satisfying the following condition: 1. a point light source is a narrow beam. That is, a light source that emits light at approximately a point (e.g., the light source occupies less than one ten thousandth of the display area) with respect to a larger display scale, most of the light beams emitted into space have the following properties: if the light intensity is reduced to 50% of the light intensity of the light beam, the minimum space sphere angle which can include all the boundaries is less than 10 degrees by taking the light source as the center of a circle. 2. It is possible to support projection of the above light beam in not less than 100 directions which can be distinguished. 3. The above-described light beams may be emitted in 2 or more directions simultaneously. 4. The brightness of the beam is adjustable in support of at least 16 steps. The projection lens 112 can project the light emitted from the vector pixels on the display chip 111 onto the viewing angle prism module 12.
Fig. 2 is a light path diagram of a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 corresponds to fig. 1. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the light emitted from the projection module 11 is deflected at least once after passing through the prism array film 12. The prism array film 12 has two opposite surfaces, one of which is of a saw tooth structure and the other of which is of an arc structure. When light passes through the arc-shaped structure and the sawtooth structure, deflection can occur at least once, so that the intersection point of the extension line of the outgoing light beam and the optical axis is closer to the angle-expanding prism array diaphragm 12 than the projection component, the angle of view is equivalently enlarged, and the angle of view of eyes is enlarged. In addition, one surface of the prism array film 12 has a saw-tooth structure 121, and the other surface has an arc-shaped structure, and compared with the prism array film having two parallel surfaces, the saw-tooth structure 121 of the present embodiment can further expand the light beam in the first direction X, thereby further expanding the viewing angle in the first direction X.
The cylindrical grating 13 includes a plurality of cylindrical mirrors 131, and the cylindrical grating 13 is configured to uniformly open the light beam in the second direction Z or open the light beam in a lambertian distribution manner, so as to enlarge the viewing angle in the second direction Z. Wherein the first direction X may be a horizontal direction and the second direction Z may be a vertical direction.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the adopted three-dimensional display device comprises: the projection assembly, the angle-of-view prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating; the projection component is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the expansion angle prism array membrane; the view-angle prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating are arc-shaped and have the same circle center, and the circle center is positioned on the optical axis of the projection component; the prism array diaphragm of the angle of view is located between projection assembly and lenticular grating, one side of the prism array diaphragm of the angle of view is a plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction, the sawtooth structure is configured to spread the light emitted by the projection assembly in the first direction; the lenticular grating comprises a plurality of lenticular mirrors arranged along a second direction, and the first direction crosses the second direction. Through setting up the angle of expansion prism array diaphragm for the light beam carries out the deflection in first direction, sets up the sawtooth structure simultaneously, can enlarge the angle of deflection, thereby greatly enlarged the viewing angle of three-dimensional display device in first direction.
In the above embodiment, although the light beam can be expanded in the first direction X, since the light beam is not vertically incident on the lenticular lens 13 in the first direction X, when the light beam and the lenticular lens 13 form an included angle, the light beam that is unidirectionally expanded by the single imaging pixel through the lenticular lens 13 will be bent in the beam expansion direction, and when the three-dimensional display device rotates and scans and displays, the human eye will change in pixels when moving in the vertical direction, so that the target pixel will be lost or other pixel crosstalk will occur.
Therefore, preferably, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sawtooth structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 5, the sawtooth structure 121 is configured to refract light emitted by the projection assembly 11 to form refracted light, the sawtooth structure 121 includes a functional surface 1211 and a non-functional surface 1212, and an included angle between the functional surface 1211 and a corresponding tangent line of the prism array film sheet 12 is a functional surface inclination angle J1; in the plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction X, the functional surface inclination angles of the sawtooth structures gradually decrease along the direction of the edges pointing to the center; the inclination angle of the functional surface is determined according to a first preset angle between the incident light rays incident on the functional surface and the optical axis, so that the refraction light formed by the incident relation after passing through the corresponding sawtooth structure is collinear with the circle center C.
Specifically, the size of the saw-tooth structures 121 is small relative to the prism array film 12, so that the other side of the prism array film 12 corresponding to each saw-tooth structure 121 can be understood as a plane. The angle between the tangent to the plane and the functional surface 1211 is defined as the functional surface tilt angle J1. The functional surface inclination angle J1 of each sawtooth structure 12 is determined according to a first preset included angle between the corresponding incident light ray and the functional surface. More specifically, each functional surface inclination angle J1 is determined according to a first preset included angle between an incident light ray incident at a midpoint position of the functional surface inclination angle J1 and the optical axis, so that an opposite extension line of the incident light ray after being refracted by the functional surface 1211 passes through the center C. Therefore, the light incident to the lenticular lens 13 is perpendicular to the lenticular lens in the first direction, so that the light emitted from the lenticular lens 13 has smaller curvature in the vertical direction, and the problem of optical crosstalk cannot occur when the human eyes move in the vertical direction.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiment, for the light incident on the non-midpoint position on the functional surface, although the reverse extension line does not pass through the center C after being refracted by the functional surface, because the light that makes the reverse extension line pass through the center C exists in each sawtooth structure, the beam expanding angle is not too large, so that the curvature of the light corresponding to the most edge of the light beam emitted by the pixel is smaller after passing through the corresponding functional surface, and the influence on the verticality of the integral light spot imaged by the pixel is smaller.
In the above embodiment, the functional surface tilt angle J1 can be calculated by the first preset included angle and the refractive index of the prism array film. The closer to the edge of the prism array film 12, the smaller the corresponding functional tilt angle J1.
Taking the surface 124 of the prism array film 12 close to the prism grating 13 as a saw tooth structure, the surface 123 far from the prism grating 13 as an arc surface structure as an example.
Fig. 3 is a light path diagram of another three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion 122 in fig. 3.
When the light emitted from the projection assembly 11 is incident on the surface 123 far from the cylindrical grating, the incident angle is A1, the refraction angle is B1, and then the incident angle is a, the exit angle is B when the light is incident on the surface 124 near the cylindrical grating, and the light emitted from the functional surface needs to pass through the center C, so that the functional surface inclination angle J1 can be calculated according to the above relation. It can be seen from the above-mentioned light path diagram that the angle between the light emitted from the projection assembly 11 and the optical axis is θ, and the angle between the light emitted from the functional surface and the optical axis is Φ, which is larger than θ, so that the three-dimensional display device of the present embodiment can greatly expand the viewing angle in the first direction X.
Optionally, fig. 6 is a light path diagram of another three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and refer to fig. 5 and fig. 6, in which in fig. 6, the thickness influence of the diaphragm of the angle-of-view prism array is ignored, and the included angle between the non-functional surface 1212 and the perpendicular to the tangent is the non-functional surface inclination angle J2; the non-functional surface inclination angle J2 is smaller than a second preset angle, and the second preset angle is the refraction angle of incident light rays formed by the incident light rays emitted by the projection component 11 entering the inside of the view-expansion prism film 12, so that the incident light rays from the surface of the view-expansion prism array film, which is close to the projection component, only enter the functional surface.
Specifically, as can be seen from the calculation, the functional surface inclination angle J1 in the central position area of the prism array film 12 is smaller, and when the non-functional surface inclination angle J2 is 0 degrees, the vertex angle J3 of the functional surface at right angles to the non-functional surface is larger. The functional surface inclination angle J1, the non-functional surface inclination angle J2 and the vertex angle J3 are three inner angles of a triangle, and the sum of the three is pi. When the functional surface deviates from the central position by a certain angle, namely deviates from a certain phi angle, the angle J1 of the functional surface is larger, the vertex angle is smaller at the moment, the demolding is easy and the tooth trace vertex angle is not collapsed in order to facilitate the processing of the expansion angle prism array membrane by using the compression molding process, and the non-functional surface is required to be inclined by a certain angle at the moment, and the size of the inclination angle is smaller than a second preset angle phi 1. As shown in the figure, J2 < phi 1 ensures that the light beam is incident on the functional surface after being refracted from the plane and does not enter the nonfunctional surface to generate stray light to influence the display effects such as contrast of light field display. Therefore, the embodiment has the effects of low module processing difficulty, low membrane forming difficulty, no incidence of light beams on the nonfunctional surface to generate stray light and the like.
Optionally, the vertex angle J3 is greater than or equal to a third preset angle.
Specifically, the third preset angle is determined according to the processing technology of the diaphragm, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment. Since the larger the vertex angle is, the easier it is to mold, and the smaller the vertex angle of the saw tooth structure is, which is known from the calculation to be farther from the center, it is possible to set the vertex angle J3 to be constant when the vertex angle J3 needs to be smaller than the third preset angle. In the middle area of the prism array diaphragm of the angle-of-view, the vertex angle of the sawtooth structure is continuously changed, the farther the distance from the center is, the smaller the vertex angle is, and the non-functional surface bevel angle is fixed to be 0. When the vertex angle changes to A, the processing mode that the non-functional surface with the fixed vertex angle is inclined can be used, so that the vertex angles of all insections of the diaphragm are ensured to be more than or equal to A.
Alternatively, in the above embodiments, the surface of the prism array film near the lenticular grating is a saw-tooth structure. In other embodiments, the side of the lenticular lens, which is away from the lenticular lens, may be provided with a saw tooth structure. At this time, the design principles of the functional surface inclination angle, the non-functional surface inclination angle and the vertex angle of the sawtooth structure are similar to those of the above embodiments, that is, the non-functional surface inclination angle is guaranteed to enable light incident from the surface of the angle-expanding prism array diaphragm, which is close to the projection assembly, to be incident only on the functional surface, and the vertex angle is greater than or equal to a third preset angle.
In the above embodiment, with continued reference to fig. 1, the three-dimensional display device may further include a quasi-linear fresnel lens 14, where the quasi-linear fresnel lens 14 is disposed between the projection assembly 11 and the viewing angle prism array film 12.
Specifically, the projection assembly 11 is disposed on the focal plane of the quasi-linear fresnel lens 14, and the light beam emitted from the projection assembly 11 is deflected after passing through the quasi-linear fresnel lens 14, so as to generate a collimation effect in the second direction, and after passing through the subsequent optical film system, the light energy distribution of the emitted light beam can be better kept consistent in the direction (vertical), which is beneficial to adjusting the white balance of RGB color matching and the uniformity of display brightness. Of course, for a display system in which the brightness of the display chip is high enough, the gray scale can be adjusted in real time to realize the adjustment of white balance and brightness uniformity, and the quasi-linear Fresnel lens can be omitted.
In the above embodiment, the imaging pixel has a divergence angle θ after the display chip passes through the projection lens 0 After passing through the array film of the angle-enlarging prism, the divergence angle of the pixels changes in the horizontal direction, the change quantity is related to the angle change of the nonfunctional surface in the sawtooth structure covered by the imaging pixel facula, and the divergence angle of the imaging pixels in the horizontal direction is theta 0 +θ 1 ，(θ 0 The divergence angle of imaging pixels after the pixels of the display chip pass through the projection lens is related to the lens and the imaging distance, theta 1 In order to increase the pixel divergence angle caused by the change of the emergent angle of the emergent beam due to different function angles of different sawtooth structures because the imaging pixel light spots cover a plurality of sawtooth structures of the horizontal angle-expanding prism array diaphragm, theta 1 Related to the angular rate of change of the functional surface of the sawtooth structure caused by the degree of the angle of the prism array diaphragm. Since the parallax 3D display needs to satisfy that the pixel light spots do not cover both eyes at the same time when there is no eye tracking, the maximum distance of the parallax 3D display has a relationship with the pixel divergence angle, and beyond the maximum distance, only the planar display screen can be viewed.
K in the calculation formula is human doubleEye distance, typically 60mm, L is the designed maximum viewing distance, θ 0 The size of the divergence angle of the imaging pixel of the projection lens is related to the f focal length of the lens, the F.no of the projection lens and the imaging focal point image distance V of the pixel through the projection lens, when the projection lens is selected, the F.no and the f are determined, and at the moment, the theta 0 Regarding the image distance V only, θ when V increases 0 Smaller, so θ can be reduced by adjusting V 0 For example, the imaging position may be adjusted to be intermediate the linear fresnel film and the viewing angle film, at which point the maximum effective viewing distance may be changed. In summary, the horizontal viewing angle expansion multiple of the diaphragm can be designed and adjusted according to factors such as viewing distance and viewing angle requirements, parameters of the projection lens and the like.
In the above embodiment, the minimum width of the insection of the quasi-linear fresnel lens 14 is set to be greater than 80 micrometers, and the width D of the sawtooth structure in the prism array film 12 is set to be greater than 80 micrometers, so that diffraction phenomenon generated by insection of light at the edge of the film can be avoided to affect imaging resolution.
Optionally, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a lenticular lens according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, a surface of the lenticular lens 13, which is close to the view-angle prism array diaphragm, is a plurality of cylindrical lenses 131, the cylindrical lenses 131 face the view-angle prism array diaphragm 12, the cylindrical lenses 131 are aspheric surfaces, and the aspheric surfaces have preset aspheric coefficients, a first preset refractive index, and a first preset size so that light emitted from the lenticular lens 13 conforms to lambertian distribution.
Specifically, the lambertian distribution means that the light intensity of the light emitted from the light source or the light scattered from the scattering body satisfies a cosine distribution, and is characterized in that the brightness seen is the same regardless of the angle from which it is seen. According to the embodiment, the parameters of the aspherical cylindrical mirror 131 on the cylindrical mirror grating are set, so that the light emitted by the cylindrical mirror grating 13 meets the lambertian distribution, and the problem of poor display effect caused by uneven light intensity distribution at each position when a user views the cylindrical mirror grating can be avoided. In the above embodiment, the size of the cylindrical mirror is the width in the second direction Z.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of still another lenticular lens according to an embodiment of the present invention. The side of the cylindrical lens grating 13, which is close to the view angle prism array membrane 12, is provided with a plurality of first cylindrical lenses 132, and the side of the cylindrical lens grating 13, which is far away from the view angle prism array membrane 12, is provided with a plurality of second cylindrical lenses 133; the first cylindrical lens 132 is away from the second cylindrical lens 133, and the first cylindrical lens 132 and the second cylindrical lens 133 have a second preset radius of curvature, a second preset refractive index and a second preset size, and a first center-of-circle distance is between the first cylindrical lens 132 and the second cylindrical lens 133, so that the light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating 13 accords with lambertian distribution.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the lenticular lens may also be set to have cylindrical lenses on both sides, and by adjusting the corresponding parameters of the cylindrical lenses, the light emitted by the lenticular lens 13 satisfies lambertian distribution, so that the problem of poor display effect caused by uneven light intensity distribution at each position when viewed by a user can be avoided.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of still another cylindrical lens grating according to an embodiment of the present invention. The surface of the cylindrical lens grating 13 close to the view angle prism array membrane 12 is provided with a plurality of third cylindrical lenses 134, the surface of the cylindrical lens grating 13 far away from the view angle prism array membrane 12 is provided with a plurality of fourth cylindrical lenses 135, the third cylindrical lenses 133 are opposite to the cylindrical surfaces of the fourth cylindrical lenses 135, the third cylindrical lenses 134 and the fourth cylindrical lenses 135 have a third preset curvature radius, a third preset refractive index and a third preset size, and a second circular center distance is arranged between the third cylindrical lenses 134 and the fourth cylindrical lenses 135 so that the light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating accords with the lambertian distribution.
Specifically, air or a material with a refractive index smaller than that of the cylindrical mirror may be between the third cylindrical mirror 134 and the fourth cylindrical mirror 135, and by adjusting the corresponding parameters of the cylindrical mirror, the light emitted by the cylindrical mirror grating 13 satisfies lambertian distribution, so that the problem of poor display effect caused by uneven light intensity distribution at each position when the user views the light can be avoided.
Optionally, fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a view-angle prism array film, referring to fig. 10, the three-dimensional display device further includes a double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror 15, the double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror 15 includes a first supporting mirror 151 and a second supporting mirror 152 that are finger-jointed, the view-angle prism array film 12 is fixed on the first supporting mirror 151, and the lenticular grating 13 is fixed on the second supporting mirror 152.
Specifically, the three-dimensional display device of the embodiment can be used for displaying scenes such as translation and rotation, and the stress of the membrane is different when the three-dimensional display device is in different scenes, so that in order to keep the fixed form of the membrane, the fixed mounting mode of the membrane needs to be designed. In particular, the inner ring screen display and the outer ring screen display during rotation have different cambered surface orientations of the diaphragm, the installation mode is also adjusted, and the method can be used for the scene of the inner ring screen display in fig. 10. The invention arranges a double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror 15 at the position of two layers of films, and the films are attached to the inner side or the outer side of the supporting mirror according to a rotary display mode to keep the bending condition of the films. When the annular inner display is performed, the diaphragm cambered surface faces the rotating center, so that the diaphragm is required to be attached to the outer side of the cambered surface of the supporting mirror, and when the annular outer display is performed, the diaphragm cambered surface faces away from the rotating center, so that the diaphragm is required to be attached to the inner cambered surface of the supporting mirror. The diaphragms are respectively located at different positions of the support mirror as shown in fig. 10. The joint positions of the two layers of support mirrors are bonded in a toothed finger joint mode, and the rigidity of the two layers of support mirrors is reinforced simultaneously by fixedly mounting the membrane, so that the membrane is prevented from deforming during rotary motion.
The double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror 15 can further comprise a cross brace 153, a protrusion is fixed on the cross brace 153 near the position of the supporting mirror, the protrusion position can prevent the supporting mirror from moving caused by internal rotation or external rotation of the three-dimensional display device, the rigidity of the double-layer cambered surface supporting mirror is kept, and the cross brace 153 is positioned between the supporting mirror and the projection assembly, so that light emission of the projection assembly is not affected.
The invention also provides a three-dimensional display system, as shown in fig. 11, and fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-dimensional display system according to the embodiment of the invention. The three-dimensional display system includes: the lamp posts 20, each lamp post 20 is provided with a plurality of three-dimensional display devices.
In particular, the three-dimensional display system may be in a fixed or mobile state. The three-dimensional display system and the user have relative motion, which can be the motion of the user or the motion of the three-dimensional display system. When the movement speed enables eyes to generate visual persistence effect, the sparsely arranged three-dimensional display device can be equivalent to a densely arranged display array, each display chip comprises luminous light beams of display pixels with luminous angles pointing to a plurality of directions, each point in the array panel can have the display pixels with the luminous angles pointing to any direction of a space, and the same pixel cannot be seen by both eyes in a designed viewing distance due to the fact that the divergence angle of the luminous light beams of the pixels is small enough, each point in the display array can independently send light beams to each eye, namely each eye can independently view an independent display picture with parallax composed of the display array, so that parallax stereoscopic visual effect is generated. The three-dimensional display system provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes the three-dimensional display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, so that the three-dimensional display system has the same beneficial effects, and will not be described in detail herein.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional display system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 12, the three-dimensional display system further includes a turntable 21 and a human eye tracking device (not shown), wherein the lamp post 20 is fixed on the turntable 21, and the human eye tracking device is used for tracking human eyes.
Specifically, the three-dimensional display system of the present embodiment can realize the cambered surface display, which is the same as the planar display principle, and the present embodiment will not be described herein, wherein the user can stand on the turntable 21 to watch.
It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, so long as the desired results of the technical solution of the present invention are achieved, and the present invention is not limited herein.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A three-dimensional display device, the three-dimensional display device comprising:
the projection assembly, the angle-of-view prism array diaphragm and the lenticular grating;
the projection component is used for projecting an image to be displayed to the expansion angle prism array membrane;
the angle-of-field prism array diaphragm and the cylindrical lens grating are arc-shaped and have the same circle center, and the circle center is positioned on the optical axis of the projection assembly;
the view-angle prism array diaphragm is positioned between the projection assembly and the cylindrical lens grating, one surface of the view-angle prism array diaphragm is provided with a plurality of saw-tooth structures which are arranged along a first direction, and the saw-tooth structures are configured to deflect light emitted by the projection assembly in the first direction;
the cylindrical lens grating comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a second direction, and the cylindrical lenses are used for expanding light incident on the cylindrical lenses along the second direction; the first direction intersects the second direction.
2. The three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein the sawtooth structure is configured to refract light emitted by the projection assembly to change a propagation direction of the light, the sawtooth structure including a functional surface and a non-functional surface, an included angle of the functional surface with a corresponding tangent line of the view angle prism array film sheet being a functional surface tilt angle;
in the plurality of sawtooth structures arranged along the first direction, the functional surface inclination angle of the sawtooth structures gradually becomes smaller along the direction of pointing the edge to the center; the function surface inclination angle is determined according to a first preset angle between the incident light rays incident on the function surface and the optical axis, so that the refraction light formed by the incident light rays after passing through the corresponding sawtooth structures is perpendicular to the circular arc where the angle-expanding prism array diaphragm is located.
3. The three-dimensional display device of claim 2, wherein a surface of the prism array film adjacent to the lenticular lens is of the saw tooth structure.
4. A three-dimensional display device according to claim 3, wherein the angle between the non-functional surface and the perpendicular to the tangent is a non-functional surface tilt angle;
the non-functional surface inclination angle is smaller than a second preset angle, and the second preset angle is a refraction angle of incident light formed by the fact that emergent light of the projection assembly is incident into the inside of the angle-of-view prism film.
5. The three-dimensional display device of claim 4, wherein the functional surface and the non-functional surface have an included angle that is a vertex angle that is greater than or equal to a third predetermined angle.
6. The three-dimensional display device of claim 2, wherein a side of the diffuser prism array film adjacent to the projection assembly is the saw tooth structure.
7. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein a face of the lenticular lens adjacent to the angle-of-field prism array film is a plurality of the lenticular lenses, the lenticular lenses facing the angle-of-field prism array film; the cylindrical lens is an aspheric surface and has a preset aspheric coefficient, a first preset refractive index and a first preset size so that light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating accords with lambertian distribution.
8. The three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein a side of the lenticular lens adjacent to the viewing angle prism array film sheet has a plurality of first lenticular lenses, and a side of the lenticular lens remote from the viewing angle prism array film sheet has a plurality of second lenticular lenses; the first cylindrical lens is away from the cylindrical surface of the second cylindrical lens, the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens have a second preset curvature radius, a second preset refractive index and a second preset size, and a first circular center distance is arranged between the first cylindrical lens and the second cylindrical lens so that light emitted by the cylindrical lens grating accords with lambertian distribution.
9. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the lenticular lens, which is close to the view-angle prism array diaphragm, is provided with a plurality of third cylindrical lenses, a surface of the lenticular lens, which is far away from the view-angle prism array diaphragm, is provided with a plurality of fourth cylindrical lenses, the third cylindrical lenses are opposite to the cylindrical surfaces of the fourth cylindrical lenses, the third cylindrical lenses and the fourth cylindrical lenses have a third preset curvature radius, a third preset refractive index and a third preset size, and a second center of circle distance is provided between the third cylindrical lenses and the fourth cylindrical lenses, so that light emitted through the lenticular lens accords with lambertian distribution.
10. The three-dimensional display device of claim 1, further comprising a quasi-linear fresnel lens disposed between the projection assembly and the anamorphic prism array film.
11. The three-dimensional display device of claim 1, wherein the projection assembly comprises a display chip and a projection lens;
the display chip is provided with a plurality of vector pixels arranged along a first direction; the projection lens is arranged between the display chip and the expansion angle prism array membrane.
12. The three-dimensional display device of claim 1, further comprising a double-layer cambered surface support mirror comprising a first support mirror and a second support mirror finger-jointed, wherein the anamorphic prism array diaphragm is fixed on the first support mirror, and wherein the lenticular grating is fixed on the second support mirror.
13. A three-dimensional display system, the three-dimensional display system comprising: a plurality of light poles, each of which is provided with a plurality of three-dimensional display devices as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12.
14. The three-dimensional display system of claim 13, further comprising a turret and a human eye tracking device, wherein the light pole is fixed to the turret and the human eye tracking device is configured to track a position of a human eye.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310294317.XA CN116300133A (en) | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | Three-dimensional display device and system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310294317.XA CN116300133A (en) | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | Three-dimensional display device and system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116300133A true CN116300133A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310294317.XA Pending CN116300133A (en) | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | Three-dimensional display device and system |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116300133A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-23 CN CN202310294317.XA patent/CN116300133A/en active Pending
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