CN116296535B - Soil sample pretreatment device and method for soil nutrient detection - Google Patents
Soil sample pretreatment device and method for soil nutrient detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN116296535B CN116296535B CN202310093324.3A CN202310093324A CN116296535B CN 116296535 B CN116296535 B CN 116296535B CN 202310093324 A CN202310093324 A CN 202310093324A CN 116296535 B CN116296535 B CN 116296535B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil sample pretreatment device for soil nutrient detection and a method thereof in the field of soil detection, wherein the soil sample pretreatment device comprises a workbench and an earth boring mechanism, at least two groups of vertically arranged strip-shaped through holes are formed in the lower part of a drilling machine shell, and the strip-shaped through holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drilling machine shell; a sliding plate is vertically and slidably arranged in the strip-shaped through hole, a sampling hole for communicating the inside and the outside of the drilling machine shell is formed in the sliding plate, an adjusting column is connected to the sliding plate through threads, and the adjusting column is vertically and rotatably arranged at the upper end of the drilling machine shell; the drilling machine shell is internally provided with a sampling mechanism. The soil sample pretreatment device can freely set different sampling depths and simultaneously sample a plurality of soil with different depths; in addition, in the sampling process, the soil sample is firstly transferred into the drilling machine shell and then lifted to the ground, so that the mixing of the sampled soil with the shallow soil in the lifting process is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil detection, in particular to a soil sample pretreatment device and a soil sample pretreatment method for soil nutrient detection.
Background
Soil nutrient measurement has important roles in accurate agriculture and soil measurement formula fertilization, and students at home and abroad are constantly devoted to the research of a rapid real-time measurement method thereof. The existing soil detection equipment has more problems when facing to soil detection with a certain depth; when soil with different depths on the same land is required to be detected, frequent and repeated sampling is usually required by staff, and the soil cannot be simultaneously sampled, so that the labor intensity of the staff is increased, and the sampling efficiency is reduced; in addition, because the sampled soil has a certain depth, the sampled soil is often mixed with shallow soil when the sampled soil is lifted to the ground surface, and the accuracy of the detection result is greatly reduced. Therefore, there is a need for a soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection and a method thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soil sample pretreatment device for soil nutrient detection and a method thereof, wherein the soil sample pretreatment device can freely set different sampling depths, simultaneously sample a plurality of soils with different depths, reduce the working intensity of staff and improve the working efficiency; in addition, the soil sample is firstly transferred into the drilling machine shell in the process of sampling and then lifted to the ground, so that the mixing of the sampled soil with shallow soil in the lifting process is avoided, and the accuracy of soil detection is ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the soil sample pretreatment device for soil nutrient detection comprises a workbench, wherein an earth boring mechanism is rotatably arranged on the workbench, the earth boring mechanism comprises a hollow drilling machine shell, at least two groups of vertically arranged strip-shaped through holes are formed in the lower part of the drilling machine shell, and the strip-shaped through holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drilling machine shell; the device comprises a drilling machine shell, a long-strip-shaped through hole, a sliding plate, an adjusting column and a connecting rod, wherein the sliding plate is vertically and slidably arranged in the long-strip-shaped through hole, the length of the sliding plate is longer than that of the long-strip-shaped through hole, a sampling hole used for communicating the inside and the outside of the drilling machine shell is formed in the sliding plate, the adjusting column is connected with the sliding plate through threads, and the adjusting column is vertically and rotatably arranged at the upper end of the drilling machine shell; the drilling machine shell is internally provided with a sampling mechanism.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the sampling mechanism includes a sampling unit for loading a soil sample and a lifting unit for lifting the sampling unit to the ground; the lifting unit comprises a first guide post which is vertically and rotatably arranged at the center of the drilling machine shell, a lifting plate is vertically and slidably arranged on the first guide post, the sampling unit is arranged on the lifting plate, ratchets are arranged on two sides of the lifting plate, pawls are arranged on the sides of the ratchets, the pawls are rotatably arranged on a vertically arranged vibrating rod, the vibrating rod is vertically and slidably arranged in the drilling machine shell, and the pawls are driven to jack up the ratchets upwards when the vibrating rod vertically reciprocates; the workbench is provided with a second guide post, a circular ring is detachably arranged on the second guide post, the bottom end of the circular ring is provided with a vibrating track which is fluctuated up and down, the upper end of the vibrating rod is provided with a contact block, and a first spring is arranged between the bottom end of the vibrating rod and the bottom surface of the drilling machine shell; when the contact block slides on the vibration track, the vibration rod vertically reciprocates.
As a further scheme of the invention, the circular ring is vertically and slidably arranged on the second guide post, and the circular ring is fixed on the second guide post through a nut.
As a further scheme of the invention, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling bin, a funnel-shaped sieve plate is arranged in the sampling bin, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped sieve plate is close to the center of the drilling machine shell; the vertical sliding tray that opens on the lift plate, fixed mounting has the sliding block on the sampling bin, the vertical slidable mounting of sliding block is in the sliding tray, the sliding block pass through fastening bolt with lift plate fixed connection.
As a further scheme of the invention, a sealing plate is vertically and slidably arranged on the inner wall of the drilling machine shell, and the sealing plate is used for opening and sealing the sampling hole; the bottom end of the sealing plate is provided with an elastic clamping plate, the bottom of the sampling bin is provided with a clamping groove, and the sealing plate is connected with the sampling bin through the elastic clamping plate; an opening is formed in the sealing plate, when the opening is overlapped with the sampling hole, the sampling hole is opened, and when the opening is completely misplaced with the sampling hole, the sampling hole is sealed; after the sealing plate is connected with the sampling bin, the opening is positioned above the sampling bin.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the opening is in a form of a fence.
As a further scheme of the invention, the stirring blade for breaking up soil is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the drilling machine shell.
As a further proposal of the invention, a baffle plate is fixedly arranged in the drill shell and is used for separating the inner space of the drill shell.
As a further scheme of the invention, a motor for driving the earth boring mechanism to rotate is arranged in the workbench, and a handle is arranged on the workbench.
The invention also provides a soil sample pretreatment method for soil nutrient detection, which is suitable for the soil sample pretreatment device and mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: moving the soil sample pretreatment device to a designated sampling place, setting sampling depths with different depths, then firstly closing the sampling holes, drilling the soil to a specified depth by using an earth drilling mechanism, then opening the sampling holes, simultaneously sampling soil samples with different depths to the sampling mechanism positioned in the casing of the drill, and then lifting the sampling mechanism to move the soil samples to the ground;
s2: the method for setting different sampling depths comprises the following steps: rotating the adjusting column to drive the sliding plate to slide in the strip-shaped through hole, and changing the height of the sampling hole on the sliding plate, wherein the height of the sampling hole is the sampling depth; the height of the sampling bin is adjusted by driving a sliding block on the sampling bin to move in a sliding groove on the lifting plate, the sampling bin is fixed on the lifting plate through a fastening bolt after adjustment, the sealing plate is connected to the sampling bin, and then the lifting plate is inserted into the drill shell through a first guide post, so that an opening on the sealing plate is positioned below the sampling hole, and the sampling bin is positioned below the opening;
s3: the lifting method of the sampling mechanism comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a circular ring is arranged on a second guide post, the height of the circular ring is adjusted to enable a vibrating track at the bottom of the circular ring to be in contact with a contact head on a vibrating rod, then the circular ring is fixed on the second guide post through an upper nut and a lower nut, then a drilling machine shell rotates to drive the vibrating rod to rotate, the contact head at the upper end of the vibrating rod slides on the vibrating track to drive the vibrating rod to vertically reciprocate, a driving pawl continuously pushes up the ratchet teeth during vertical reciprocation of the vibrating rod, the height of a lifting plate is further continuously improved, a sampling bin continuously vibrates and rises, and a funnel-shaped sieve plate is used for vibrating and sieving soil samples while the sampling bin rises;
s4: the method for opening and closing the sampling hole comprises the following steps: the opening is completely misplaced with the sampling hole at the beginning, and the sampling hole is closed; then the lifting plate drives the sealing plate to move upwards, so that the sampling hole is opened when the opening starts to be overlapped with the sampling hole; then, as the closing plate rises, the sampling hole is gradually closed when the opening and the sampling hole are gradually misplaced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the soil sample pretreatment device can freely set different sampling depths, simultaneously sample a plurality of soil with different depths, reduce the working strength of staff and improve the working efficiency; in addition, the soil sample is firstly transferred into the drilling machine shell in the process of sampling and then lifted to the ground, so that the mixing of the sampled soil with shallow soil in the lifting process is avoided, and the accuracy of soil detection is ensured.
2. The sampling mechanism synchronously performs vibration screening when ascending, and utilizes the bump when the pawl lifts the sampling bin to perform vibration screening to sample soil. According to the invention, when the vibration rises, the drilling machine shell rotates, and the lifting plate and the sampling bin are driven to rotate together through the vibration rod. The sieve plate is arranged to be funnel-shaped, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped sieve plate is close to the center of the drilling machine shell because the sampling bin is vibrated and lifted together when rotating, and then the sampling soil with large particles and small particles is subjected to centrifugal force, so that the sampling soil with large particles is thrown to the edge of the funnel-shaped sieve plate and the sampling soil with small particles is convenient to pass through the funnel-shaped sieve plate, and the screening efficiency is improved.
3. The invention can complete the automatic opening and closing actions of the sampling hole by utilizing the vibration ascending of the lifting plate without an additional opening unit. In addition, because the drilling machine shell rotates all the time when sampling, the sampling hole also rotates all the time, so that the sampling range of the depth can be enlarged, the accuracy of a detection result is ensured, and the error is reduced. The fence shape that sets up the opening is in order to avoid getting into the sample storehouse of large granule soil, reduces vibration screening's work load. In addition, the sampling mechanism is detachably arranged, so that the portable sampling device is convenient to carry.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the removal table and drill housing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view of portion A of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the drill housing, vibration rod and spacer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sampling port, opening, sampling bin position and configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the sampling bin of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a process flow diagram of a method for pretreating a soil sample for soil nutrient detection.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
11-bench, 12-drill housing, 13-elongated through hole, 14-slide plate, 15-sampling hole, 16-adjusting column, 21-first guide column, 22-lifting plate, 23-ratchet, 24-pawl, 25-vibrating bar, 26-second guide column, 27-ring, 28-vibrating track, 29-contact block, 30-first spring, 31-nut, 41-sampling bin, 42-funnel-shaped screen plate, 43-slide groove, 44-slide block, 45-fastening bolt, 51-closing plate, 52-elastic clamping plate, 53-clamping groove, 54-opening, 61-stirring blade, 62-partition plate, 63-handle.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the invention provides a soil sample pretreatment device for soil nutrient detection, which comprises a workbench 11, wherein an earth boring mechanism is rotatably arranged on the workbench 11, the earth boring mechanism comprises a hollow drilling machine shell 12, at least two groups of vertically arranged strip-shaped through holes 13 are formed in the lower part of the drilling machine shell 12, and the strip-shaped through holes 13 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drilling machine shell 12; a sliding plate 14 is vertically and slidably arranged in the strip-shaped through hole 13, the length of the sliding plate 14 is longer than that of the strip-shaped through hole 13, a sampling hole 15 for communicating the inside and the outside of the drilling machine shell 12 is formed in the sliding plate 14, an adjusting column 16 is connected to the sliding plate 14 in a threaded manner, and the adjusting column 16 is vertically and rotatably arranged at the upper end of the drilling machine shell 12; a sampling mechanism is provided inside the drill housing 12.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the soil sample pretreatment device is moved to a designated sampling place in operation, sampling depths with different depths are set, then the sampling holes 15 are closed, the soil is drilled to a specified depth by an earth drilling mechanism, then the sampling holes 15 are opened, soil samples with different depths are simultaneously sampled to the sampling mechanism positioned in the drilling machine shell 12, and then the sampling mechanism is lifted to move the soil samples to the ground. As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the method for setting different sampling depths is as follows: the staff manually rotates the adjusting column 16 to drive the sliding plate 14 to slide in the strip-shaped through hole 13, and the height of the sampling hole 15 on the sliding plate 14 is changed, wherein the height of the sampling hole 15 is the sampling depth; as shown in fig. 3, the sliding block 44 on the sampling bin 41 is driven to move vertically in the sliding groove 43 on the lifting plate 22 from the outside, so that the height of the sampling bin 41 is adjusted, the sampling bin 41 is fixed on the lifting plate 22 through the fastening bolt 45 after the height of the sampling bin 41 is adjusted, then the closing plate 51 is connected on the sampling bin 41 as shown in fig. 5, then the lifting plate 22 is inserted into the drill housing 12 through the first guide post 21 as shown in fig. 2, so that the opening 54 on the closing plate 51 is positioned below the sampling hole 15, and the sampling bin 41 is positioned below the opening 54 as shown in fig. 5. At this point, different sampling depths have been adjusted, and then the motor is started to begin drilling and sampling. As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment provided by the invention can simultaneously sample 4 kinds of depth soil. The soil sample pretreatment device can freely set different sampling depths, simultaneously sample a plurality of soil with different depths, reduce the working strength of staff and improve the working efficiency; in addition, in the process of sampling, the soil sample is firstly transferred into the drilling machine shell 12 and then lifted to the ground, so that the mixing of the sampled soil with shallow soil in the lifting process is avoided, and the accuracy of soil detection is ensured.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the sampling mechanism includes a sampling unit for loading a soil sample and a lifting unit for lifting the sampling unit to the ground; the lifting unit comprises a first guide column 21 vertically rotatably installed at the center of the drilling machine shell 12, a lifting plate 22 is vertically and slidably installed on the first guide column 21, the sampling unit is arranged on the lifting plate 22, ratchets 23 are arranged on two sides of the lifting plate 22, pawls 24 are arranged on the sides of the ratchets 23, the pawls 24 are rotatably installed on a vertically arranged vibrating rod 25, the vibrating rod 25 is vertically and slidably installed in the drilling machine shell 12, and the pawls 24 are driven to jack up the ratchets 23 when the vibrating rod 25 vertically reciprocates; the workbench 11 is provided with a second guide post 26, a circular ring 27 is detachably arranged on the second guide post 26, the bottom end of the circular ring 27 is provided with a vibrating track 28 which is up and down fluctuated, the upper end of the vibrating rod 25 is provided with a contact block 29, and a first spring 30 is arranged between the bottom end of the vibrating rod 25 and the bottom surface of the drilling machine shell 12; when the contact block 29 slides on the vibration rail 28, the vibration rod 25 vertically reciprocates.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the ring 27 is vertically slidably mounted on the second guide post 26, and the ring 27 is fixed on the second guide post 26 by a nut 31.
As a further scheme of the invention, the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling bin 41, a funnel-shaped sieve plate 42 is arranged in the sampling bin 41, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped sieve plate 42 is close to the center of the drilling machine shell 12; the lifting plate 22 is vertically provided with a sliding groove 43, the sampling bin 41 is fixedly provided with a sliding block 44, the sliding block 44 is vertically and slidably arranged in the sliding groove 43, and the sliding block 44 is fixedly connected with the lifting plate 22 through a fastening bolt 45.
The common method for detecting soil nutrients is to make a soil sample into a suspension and then detect the components in the suspension by chemical reagents. The soil sample obtained in the ordinary sampling process is usually large-particle soil, which is unfavorable for the preparation of suspension, and needs the pretreatment operations of grinding and vibration screening. In the invention, when working, a worker drills the earth drilling mechanism to a designated depth, then simultaneously samples soil samples with different depths to the sampling mechanism positioned in the drilling machine shell 12, and then the sampling mechanism starts to ascend to move the soil samples to the ground. The sampling mechanism synchronously performs vibration screening when ascending. The specific ascending process of the sampling mechanism is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the motor is turned off to stop the rotation of the earth boring mechanism, the circular ring 27 is mounted on the second guide post 26, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the height of the circular ring 27 is adjusted to enable the vibrating rail 28 at the bottom of the circular ring 27 to be in contact with the contact head on the vibrating rod 25, then the circular ring 27 is fixed on the second guide post 26 through the upper nut 31 and the lower nut 31, then the motor is started to drive the earth boring mechanism to start rotating, the drilling machine shell 12 rotates to drive the vibrating rod 25 to rotate, at this time, the contact head at the upper end of the vibrating rod 25 slides on the vibrating rail 28 to drive the vibrating rod 25 to vertically reciprocate, as shown in fig. 3, the pawl 24 is driven to continuously jack up the ratchet teeth 23 when the vibrating rod 25 vertically reciprocates, so that the height of the lifting plate 22 is continuously increased, the soil sample in the sampling bin 41 continuously vibrates and rises under the action of vibration, and the small particle soil sample easy to be made into suspension is separated by the vibration sieve plate 42. In addition, the invention drives the lifting plate 22 and the sampling bin 41 to rotate together through the vibrating rod 25 when the drill shell 12 rotates during vibration ascending. The sieve plate is arranged to be funnel-shaped, and the bottom of the funnel-shaped sieve plate 42 is close to the center of the drill shell 12 because the sampling bin 41 is firstly vibrated and lifted together when rotating, and then the sampling soil with large particles and small particles is subjected to rotating centrifugal force, so that the sampling soil with large particles is thrown to the edge of the funnel-shaped sieve plate 42, and the sampling soil with small particles is convenient to pass through the funnel-shaped sieve plate 42, thereby being more beneficial to improving the screening efficiency.
As a further scheme of the invention, a sealing plate 51 is vertically and slidably arranged on the inner wall of the drill shell 12, and the sealing plate 51 is used for opening and sealing the sampling hole 15; the bottom end of the closing plate 51 is provided with an elastic clamping plate 52, the bottom of the sampling bin 41 is provided with a clamping groove 53, and the closing plate 51 is connected with the sampling bin 41 through the elastic clamping plate 52; an opening 54 is formed in the sealing plate 51, when the opening 54 is overlapped with the sampling hole 15, the sampling hole 15 is opened, and when the opening 54 is completely misplaced with the sampling hole 15, the sampling hole 15 is sealed; after the closing plate 51 is connected to the sampling chamber 41, the opening 54 is located above the sampling chamber 41.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the opening 54 is in the shape of a fence.
The invention needs to close the sampling hole 15 when drilling the earth, then open the sampling hole 15 when sampling, and finally close the sampling hole 15 again after sampling. As shown in fig. 5, the specific process of opening and closing the sampling hole 15 is as follows: the opening 54 is completely misplaced with the sampling hole 15 at the beginning of the drilling, and the sampling hole 15 is closed; when sampling starts, the sealing plate 51 is connected to the lifting plate 22 through the elastic clamping plate 52, and when the lifting plate 22 rises in a vibrating way, the sealing plate 51 is driven to move upwards, so that the opening 54 starts to coincide with the sampling hole 15, and the sampling hole 15 is opened; then, as the closing plate 51 is raised, the sampling hole 15 is gradually closed when the opening 54 is gradually displaced from the sampling hole 15. The invention can utilize the vibration of the lifting plate 22 to lift up to complete the automatic opening and closing actions of the sampling hole 15 without an additional opening unit. In addition, because the drilling machine shell 12 always rotates during sampling, the sampling hole 15 also always rotates, so that the sampling range of the depth is enlarged, the accuracy of a detection result is ensured, and errors are reduced. The barrier-shaped openings 54 are provided to prevent large granular soil from entering the sampling bin 41 and reduce the workload of vibration screening.
As a further aspect of the present invention, a stirring blade 61 for breaking up soil is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential side of the drill housing 12. The purpose of this arrangement is that the sampling housing rotates to drive the stirring blade 61 to break up the surrounding earth during sampling so that small particles of sampled soil enter the sampling bin 41 through the sampling aperture 15.
As a further aspect of the present invention, a partition plate 62 is fixedly disposed in the drill housing 12, and the partition plate 62 is used for partitioning the internal space of the drill housing 12. As shown in fig. 4, the purpose of this arrangement is to separate each sampling bin 41, avoiding that the soil escapes into the other sampling bins 41 when the sampling bins 41 are vibrated up, mixing occurs, and the accuracy of the detection is affected.
As a further scheme of the invention, a motor for driving the earth boring mechanism to rotate is arranged in the workbench 11, and a handle 63 is arranged on the workbench 11. As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides the earth boring force by the staff pressing downwards through the handle 63 when boring the earth, and the staff does not apply pressure when sampling, so that the earth boring mechanism rotates flatly, and surrounding soil is broken by the stirring blade 61, thereby facilitating sampling.
In addition, the sampling mechanism is detachably arranged, so that the portable sampling device is convenient to carry.
The invention also provides a soil sample pretreatment method for soil nutrient detection, which is suitable for the soil sample pretreatment device and mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: moving the soil sample pretreatment device to a designated sampling place, setting sampling depths with different depths, then firstly closing the sampling hole 15, drilling the soil to the specified depth by using an earth drilling mechanism, then opening the sampling hole 15, simultaneously sampling soil samples with different depths to the sampling mechanism positioned in the drilling machine shell 12, and then lifting the sampling mechanism to move the soil samples to the ground;
s2: the method for setting different sampling depths comprises the following steps: the adjusting column 16 is rotated to drive the sliding plate 14 to slide in the strip-shaped through hole 13, and the height of the sampling hole 15 on the sliding plate 14 is changed, wherein the height of the sampling hole 15 is the sampling depth; the height of the sampling bin 41 is adjusted by driving the sliding block 44 on the sampling bin 41 to move in the sliding groove 43 on the lifting plate 22, after the adjustment, the sampling bin 41 is fixed on the lifting plate 22 through the fastening bolt 45, the closing plate 51 is connected on the sampling bin 41, and then the lifting plate 22 is inserted into the drilling machine shell 12 through the first guide post 21, so that the opening 54 on the closing plate 51 is positioned below the sampling hole 15, and the sampling bin 41 is positioned below the opening 54;
s3: the lifting method of the sampling mechanism comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of mounting a circular ring 27 on a second guide post 26, adjusting the height of the circular ring 27 to enable a vibrating track 28 at the bottom of the circular ring 27 to be in contact with a contact head on a vibrating rod 25, fixing the circular ring 27 on the second guide post 26 through an upper nut 31 and a lower nut 31, driving the vibrating rod 25 to rotate through rotation of a drilling machine shell 12, enabling the contact head at the upper end of the vibrating rod 25 to slide on the vibrating track 28, driving the vibrating rod 25 to vertically reciprocate, driving a pawl 24 to continuously jack up a ratchet 23 when the vibrating rod 25 vertically reciprocates, further continuously improving the height of a lifting plate 22, enabling a sampling bin 41 to continuously vibrate and ascend, and vibrating and screening soil samples through a funnel-shaped sieve plate 42 when the sampling bin 41 ascends;
s4: the method for opening and closing the sampling hole 15 comprises the following steps: the opening 54 is completely misplaced with the sampling hole 15 at the beginning, and the sampling hole 15 is closed; then, the lifting plate 22 drives the closing plate 51 to move upwards, so that the sampling hole 15 is opened when the opening 54 starts to be overlapped with the sampling hole 15; then, as the closing plate 51 is raised, the sampling hole 15 is gradually closed when the opening 54 is gradually displaced from the sampling hole 15.
Claims (9)
1. A soil sample preprocessing device for soil nutrient detection is characterized in that: the drilling machine comprises a workbench (11), wherein an earth-boring mechanism is rotatably arranged on the workbench (11), the earth-boring mechanism comprises a hollow drilling machine shell (12), at least two groups of vertically arranged strip-shaped through holes (13) are formed in the lower part of the drilling machine shell (12), and the strip-shaped through holes (13) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drilling machine shell (12); a sliding plate (14) is vertically and slidably arranged in the strip-shaped through hole (13), the length of the sliding plate (14) is larger than that of the strip-shaped through hole (13), a sampling hole (15) used for communicating the inside and the outside of the drilling machine shell (12) is formed in the sliding plate (14), an adjusting column (16) is connected to the sliding plate (14) in a threaded mode, and the adjusting column (16) is vertically and rotatably arranged at the upper end of the drilling machine shell (12); a sampling mechanism is arranged in the drilling machine shell (12);
the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling unit for loading soil samples and a lifting unit for lifting the sampling unit to the ground; the lifting unit comprises a first guide column (21) which is vertically and rotatably arranged at the center of the drilling machine shell (12), a lifting plate (22) is vertically and slidably arranged on the first guide column (21), the sampling unit is arranged on the lifting plate (22), ratchets (23) are arranged on two sides of the lifting plate (22), pawls (24) are arranged on the sides of the ratchets (23), the pawls (24) are rotatably arranged on a vertically arranged vibrating rod (25), the vibrating rod (25) is vertically and slidably arranged in the drilling machine shell (12), and the pawls (24) are driven to jack up the ratchets (23) upwards when the vibrating rod (25) vertically reciprocates; a second guide column (26) is arranged on the workbench (11), a circular ring (27) is detachably arranged on the second guide column (26), a vibrating track (28) which is up-and-down fluctuated is arranged at the bottom end of the circular ring (27), a contact block (29) is arranged at the upper end of the vibrating rod (25), and a first spring (30) is arranged between the bottom end of the vibrating rod (25) and the bottom surface of the drilling machine shell (12); the vibrating rod (25) vibrates vertically and reciprocally when the contact block (29) slides on the vibrating rail (28).
2. The soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the circular ring (27) is vertically and slidably arranged on the second guide post (26), and the circular ring (27) is fixed on the second guide post (26) through a nut (31).
3. The soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sampling mechanism comprises a sampling bin (41), a funnel-shaped screen plate (42) is arranged in the sampling bin (41), and the bottom of the funnel-shaped screen plate (42) is close to the center of the drilling machine shell (12); the vertical sliding chute (43) that opens on lift plate (22), fixed mounting has sliding block (44) on sampling bin (41), sliding block (44) vertical slidable mounting is in sliding chute (43), sliding block (44) pass through fastening bolt (45) with lift plate (22) fixed connection.
4. A soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a sealing plate (51) is vertically and slidably arranged on the inner wall of the drilling machine shell (12), and the sealing plate (51) is used for opening and sealing the sampling hole (15); the bottom end of the sealing plate (51) is provided with an elastic clamping plate (52), the bottom of the sampling bin (41) is provided with a clamping groove (53), and the sealing plate (51) is connected with the sampling bin (41) through the elastic clamping plate (52); an opening (54) is formed in the sealing plate (51), when the opening (54) is overlapped with the sampling hole (15), the sampling hole (15) is opened, and when the opening (54) is completely misplaced with the sampling hole (15), the sampling hole (15) is sealed; after the sealing plate (51) is connected with the sampling bin (41), the opening (54) is positioned above the sampling bin (41).
5. The soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the opening (54) is in the shape of a fence.
6. The soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and a stirring blade (61) for breaking up soil is fixedly arranged on the circumferential outer side of the drilling machine shell (12).
7. A soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a partition plate (62) is fixedly arranged in the drilling machine shell (12), and the partition plate (62) is used for separating the inner space of the drilling machine shell (12).
8. The soil sample pretreatment apparatus for soil nutrient detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the workbench (11) is internally provided with a motor for driving the earth boring mechanism to rotate, and the workbench (11) is provided with a handle (63).
9. A method for pretreating a soil sample for soil nutrient detection, comprising the pretreatment device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: the soil sample pretreatment device is moved to a designated sampling place, sampling depths with different depths are set, then a sampling hole (15) is closed, an earth boring mechanism is used for boring the earth to the designated depth, then the sampling hole (15) is opened, soil samples with different depths are simultaneously sampled to a sampling mechanism positioned in a drilling machine shell (12), and then the sampling mechanism ascends to move the soil samples to the ground;
s2: the method for setting different sampling depths comprises the following steps: rotating the adjusting column (16) to drive the sliding plate (14) to slide in the strip-shaped through hole (13) and changing the height of the sampling hole (15) on the sliding plate (14), wherein the height of the sampling hole (15) is the sampling depth; the height of the sampling bin (41) is adjusted by driving a sliding block (44) on the sampling bin (41) to move in a sliding groove (43) on the lifting plate (22), the sampling bin (41) is fixed on the lifting plate (22) through a fastening bolt (45) after adjustment, a closing plate (51) is connected on the sampling bin (41), and then the lifting plate (22) is inserted into a drilling machine shell (12) through a first guide column (21), so that an opening (54) on the closing plate (51) is positioned below a sampling hole (15), and the sampling bin (41) is positioned below the opening (54);
s3: the lifting method of the sampling mechanism comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a circular ring (27) is arranged on a second guide post (26), the height of the circular ring (27) is adjusted to enable a vibrating track (28) at the bottom of the circular ring (27) to be in contact with a contact head on a vibrating rod (25), then the circular ring (27) is fixed on the second guide post (26) through an upper nut and a lower nut (31), then a drilling machine shell (12) rotates to drive the vibrating rod (25) to rotate, the contact head at the upper end of the vibrating rod (25) slides on the vibrating track (28) to drive the vibrating rod (25) to vertically reciprocate, a pawl (24) is driven to continuously jack up a ratchet (23) when the vibrating rod (25) vertically reciprocates, the height of a lifting plate (22) is further continuously improved, a sampling bin (41) is continuously vibrated and simultaneously the sampling bin (41) is vibrated and a funnel-shaped sieve plate (42) is vibrated and screened a soil sample;
s4: the method for opening and closing the sampling hole (15) comprises the following steps: the opening (54) is completely misplaced with the sampling hole (15) at the beginning, and the sampling hole (15) is closed; then the lifting plate (22) drives the closing plate (51) to move upwards, so that the sampling hole (15) is opened when the opening (54) starts to be overlapped with the sampling hole (15); then, as the closing plate (51) is raised, the sampling hole (15) is gradually closed when the opening (54) and the sampling hole (15) are gradually dislocated.
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| US11921015B2 (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2024-03-05 | International Center For Bamboo And Rattan | Device for sampling soil of tropical lowland rainforest |
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| CN110361223A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-22 | 盐城师范学院 | A kind of sampler of beach reclamation area agricultural land soil |
| CN213422669U (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-06-11 | 韦兴典 | Sampling device for soil testing formula |
| CN113447301A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-28 | 宁夏绿源实业有限公司 | Sampling system and sampling method for soil monitoring |
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