CN116295175A - Slope displacement detection method and device - Google Patents

Slope displacement detection method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116295175A
CN116295175A CN202211092669.9A CN202211092669A CN116295175A CN 116295175 A CN116295175 A CN 116295175A CN 202211092669 A CN202211092669 A CN 202211092669A CN 116295175 A CN116295175 A CN 116295175A
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measuring point
point position
displacement
slope
relation
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康希锐
刘勇
李炜
刘小龙
耿靖源
张瑾瑶
和延
张世平
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SHAANXI ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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SHAANXI ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope displacement detection method and device, wherein one end of a cantilever beam is fixed on a slope, and a force F is applied to the other end of the cantilever beam, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer; measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity; and finally, solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation to finish the slope displacement detection. The method can efficiently detect the displacement of the side slope, has good adaptability under the condition of overlarge or undersize displacement of the side slope, has the characteristics of high efficiency and strong adaptability, solves the problems of lower precision and low measuring speed of the side slope measured by adopting a traditional instrument, and realizes effective monitoring and early warning of the landslide body.

Description

Slope displacement detection method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, in particular to a slope displacement detection method and device.
Background
The geological conditions of China are changeable, and are affected by complex climatic environments, and geological disasters frequently occur. According to the related geological disaster investigation data of China, landslide accounts for the largest proportion in a plurality of address disasters, and particularly due to climate abnormality and the like, landslide disasters are increased or not more than one year, and economic losses of billions and casualties are caused each year. Railway and highway in mountain area are mostly passed between mountain and valley, and a large number of side slopes are often excavated. The excavation of the side slope damages the original vegetation cover layer, so that a large amount of bare land is generated, serious water and soil loss phenomenon is generated, and the ecological environment is damaged. Collapse of the side slope rock-soil body, landslide, debris flow and other unstable damages can also bring huge losses to lives and properties of people. Therefore, the method is particularly important to effectively reduce direct economic loss and casualties by performing good quality disaster monitoring and early warning, particularly landslide mass monitoring and early warning.
For the detection of the side slope, the main traditional instruments are mainly inclinometers, LVTDs, inductive displacement sensors, multipoint extensometers and the like. The traditional instruments have low precision and low measurement speed, and are difficult to be qualified for long-term slope measurement and real-time early warning tasks.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a slope displacement detection method and device, which can solve the problems of lower slope displacement precision and low measurement speed of the traditional instrument measurement and realize effective monitoring and early warning of a landslide body.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a slope displacement detection method comprising:
one end of a cantilever beam is fixed on a side slope, and a force F is applied to the other end of the cantilever beam, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer;
measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point positions and the strain quantity;
and solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation to finish the slope displacement detection.
Further, the measuring the strain amount of each measuring point position is as follows:
and pasting strain gauges at the positions of each measuring point in a 1/4 bridge or half bridge mode, and measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point.
Further, the establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain amount is as follows:
taking the distance between the measuring point position and the force F as an input x, taking the strain quantity as an output y, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity by adopting a least square method:
Figure BDA0003837624860000021
wherein a is i Represents the fitting coefficient, and n represents the number of fitting terms.
Further, the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement obtained by solving according to the fitting relation is:
and carrying out secondary integration on the fitting relation to obtain the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement.
Further, after the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement is obtained according to the fitting relation, the method further comprises the following steps:
substituting the actual displacement of the cantilever beam and the measuring point position into the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain a correction coefficient so as to correct the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement.
Further, substituting the actual displacement of the cantilever beam and the measuring point position into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain a correction coefficient includes:
loading force F=10N on the suspension end of the cantilever beam, substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position when the force F=10N into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain an initial correction coefficient;
sequentially increasing the value of the force F, increasing by 10N each time until F=50N, sequentially calculating to obtain corresponding correction coefficients, and selecting the correction coefficient which minimizes the slope displacement calculation result and the actual displacement error as a final correction coefficient.
Further, the ratio of the average value of the distance between the N measuring point positions to the length of the cantilever beam is 2:15.
A side slope displacement detection device comprising:
one end of the cantilever beam is fixed on the side slope, and the other end of the cantilever beam applies a force F, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer;
the strain measurement and fitting module is used for measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point positions and the strain quantity;
and the displacement calculation module is used for solving and obtaining the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation so as to finish the slope displacement detection.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
the correction module is used for substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position of the cantilever beam into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, calculating to obtain a correction coefficient, and further obtaining a relational expression of the corrected measuring point position and the corrected slope displacement;
further, on the cantilever beam, the ratio of the average value of the intervals among the N measuring point positions to the length of the cantilever beam is 2:15.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The invention provides a side slope displacement detection method, which comprises the steps of measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position on a cantilever beam, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity; the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement is obtained according to the fitting relation, so that the slope displacement detection is completed, the technical scheme of slope displacement detection through the cantilever beam is realized, the problem that the slope displacement precision is low and the measuring speed is low when a traditional instrument is adopted is solved, and the effective monitoring and early warning of the landslide body are realized.
(2) The method has the advantages that the fitting relation between the measuring point position and the variable is built by the least square method, then the fitting relation is integrated for the second time, the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement is obtained, the slope displacement can be detected efficiently, and the computing method has good adaptability under the condition that the slope displacement is too large or too small, and has the characteristics of high efficiency and strong adaptability.
(3) The actual displacement and the measuring point position of the cantilever beam are substituted into the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and the correction coefficient is obtained through calculation, so that the relation between the corrected measuring point position and the slope displacement is obtained, the accuracy of the slope displacement detection is improved, and the effective monitoring and early warning of the landslide body are further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of slope displacement detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of slope displacement detection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of slope displacement detection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a correction coefficient calculation method according to a scene embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a slope displacement detection method and device, wherein one end of a cantilever beam is fixed on a slope, and a force F is applied to the other end of the cantilever beam, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer; measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity; and finally, solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation to finish the slope displacement detection. The method can efficiently detect the displacement of the side slope, has good adaptability under the condition of overlarge or undersize displacement of the side slope, has the characteristics of high efficiency and strong adaptability, solves the problems of lower precision and low measuring speed of the side slope measured by adopting a traditional instrument, and realizes effective monitoring and early warning of the landslide body.
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a side slope displacement, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a side slope displacement according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the flowchart includes the following steps:
step S102, fixing one end of a cantilever beam on a side slope, and applying a force F on the other end, wherein N measuring point positions are uniformly distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer;
in one embodiment, the ratio of the average spacing between the N measurement point locations to the cantilever length is 2:15.
Step S104, measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity;
in one embodiment, the strain amount measured at each site location is: and sticking strain gauges at the positions of each measuring point in a 1/4 bridge or half bridge mode, and measuring the strain quantity at the positions of each measuring point.
In one embodiment, the fitting relation between the measurement point position and the strain amount is established as follows: taking the distance between the measuring point position and the force F as input x, taking the dependent variable as output y, and adopting a least square method to establish a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the dependent variable:
Figure BDA0003837624860000051
wherein a is i Represents the fitting coefficient, and n represents the number of fitting terms.
And S106, solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation to finish the slope displacement detection.
In a specific embodiment, the relationship between the position of the measuring point and the slope displacement obtained by solving the fitting relationship is: and carrying out secondary integration on the fitting relation to obtain the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement.
In a specific embodiment, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a slope displacement according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the flowchart includes the following steps:
step S202, fixing one end of a cantilever beam on a side slope, and applying a force F on the other end, wherein N measuring point positions are uniformly distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer;
step S204, measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity;
step S206, solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation;
and step S208, substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position of the cantilever beam into a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement, calculating to obtain a correction coefficient, further obtaining a relation between the corrected measuring point position and the slope displacement, and further completing the slope displacement detection.
The steps S202 to S206 are the same as the steps S102 to S106, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
In a specific embodiment, the actual displacement of the cantilever beam and the measuring point position are substituted into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and the correction coefficient is calculated, that is, step S208 specifically includes:
firstly, loading force F=10N on a suspension end of a cantilever beam, substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position when the force F=10N into a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain an initial correction coefficient;
and then sequentially increasing the value of the force F, increasing by 10N each time until F=50N, sequentially calculating to obtain corresponding correction coefficients, and selecting the correction coefficient which minimizes the slope displacement calculation result and the actual displacement error as a final correction coefficient.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a slope displacement detection apparatus including:
one end of the cantilever beam is fixed on the side slope, and the other end of the cantilever beam applies a force F, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam according to mechanical simulation, and N is a positive integer;
the strain measurement and fitting module is used for measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity;
and the displacement calculation module is used for solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation so as to finish the slope displacement detection.
In a specific embodiment, the slope displacement detecting device may further include: the correction module is used for substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position of the cantilever beam into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, calculating to obtain a correction coefficient, and further obtaining a relational expression of the corrected measuring point position and the corrected slope displacement;
it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the slope displacement detection device provided in the foregoing embodiment of the present invention is an implementation form of the slope displacement detection method, where the strain measurement and fitting module, the displacement calculation module and the correction module may be operated, set, counted and calculated by an operator, or the algorithm may be set on a computer in a program manner, and the data counting and calculation may be performed by a form of a calculation system, which is not limited herein.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description is provided with reference to specific exemplary embodiments.
Scene embodiment one
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a slope displacement detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment of the present invention, the steps of the slope displacement detection method are thinned, so as to form the following steps:
S 1 and (3) determining a measuring position: according to the mechanical simulation result, arranging measuring points on the strain rod piece, and determining N measuring point positions to form a measuring rod piece;
the ratio of the average distance value of the N measuring points to the length of the rod piece is 2:15.
S 2 And (3) building a measuring rod piece: one end of the measuring rod piece is fixed to form a cantilever beam, and the other end is loaded with force;
S 3 1/4 bridge strain gage paste: the strain gauges are stuck at the measuring point positions in a 1/4 bridge mode, and the strain quantity of each position is measured;
S 4 fitting a position strain curve: fitting a relation between the rod position and the strain by a polynomial fitting method;
the adopted polynomial fitting algorithm is least square polynomial fitting.
S 5 Fitting a position displacement curve: for S 4 Performing secondary integration on the fitting relation of the rod piece, and solving the relation between the measured position and deflection of the rod piece; wherein, deflection is displacement in the invention.
S 6 Curve correction: by measuring actual displacement, and S 5 Comparing the calculated results, and according to the actual displacement, comparing S 5 Is corrected by the relation of (2).
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a correction coefficient calculation method according to a scene embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 4, step S 6 The calculation process of the curve correction, namely the correction coefficient, specifically comprises the following steps:
S 601 loading a 1kg weight (force F=10N) on one end of the cantilever beam, and measuring the actual displacement of N measuring points;
S 602 establishing a curve relation between the position and the strain according to the distribution position and the strain quantity of each measuring point, and solving a quadratic integral to obtain a relation between the position and the displacement;
S 603 according to S 601 The obtained actual displacement is S 602 The result of (2) is corrected;
S 604 sequentially increasing weights by 1kg, and repeating the step S 601 、S 602 、S 603 Until the relative error between the calculation result of the correction curve and the actual strain is minimum, completing displacement detection;
scene embodiment two
In this embodiment of the present scenario, the slope displacement detection method provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to specific numerical values and formulas.
Given that the total length of the side slope test rod piece used in the invention is 1.5m, 6 measuring points are distributed according to Ansys mechanical simulation results, so that the pitch average value of the 6 measuring points is equal to 20cm, the numbers are A1-A6, the displacement of each point can be expressed as A1-L in the test process, wherein 1 represents the measuring point number, L represents the displacement of the measuring point, and the side slope test rod piece can represent the displacement of the 6 measuring points.
The detection steps of the side slope displacement are as follows:
S 1 and the start and stop numbers of the measurement points of the read rod piece, namely the cantilever beam, are A1-0 to A6-0.
S 2 One end of the measuring rod piece, namely the measuring point 1 of the cantilever Liang Juli is fixed, the other end is suspended to form a cantilever beam, and S is 1 Forming a measuring bar. The right end of the cantilever beam is fixed and a downward force F is applied at the left end.
S 3 And the strain gauges are stuck at the positions of the measuring points in a 1/4 bridge mode, and the strain quantity of each position is measured.
According to the formula
Figure BDA0003837624860000081
The theoretical strain epsilon of each measuring point can be calculated.
Wherein:
f represents the force applied by the cantilever end; l represents the distance between the measuring point A and the force F; e represents the elastic modulus of the strain rod; b represents the width of the strain rod; h represents the height of the strain rod.
S 4 And loading force F on the suspension end, measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point at the moment, and constructing a relation between the position of the measuring point and the strain quantity.
Distance L (L) 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 、L 6 ) As an input x, strain ε (ε) corresponding to each point is determined 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 、ε 4 、ε 5 、ε 6 ) As an output y, a least square fitting polynomial is adopted to obtain a relation between position and strain:
Figure BDA0003837624860000091
wherein a is i Represents the fitting coefficient, and n represents the number of fitting terms.
S 5 Will S 4 And carrying out secondary integration on the fitted relation between the position and the dependent variable to obtain a relation between the position and the displacement.
S 6 Measuring the actual displacement of each measuring point, substituting the measuring point position into S 5 In the obtained displacement relation, calculating to obtain a theoretical displacement, correcting the theoretical displacement according to the actual displacement, and perfecting an algorithm.
Specifically, the step S6 includes:
S 601 loading 1kg weight (force F=10N) on one suspended end of the cantilever beam, and measuring the actual displacement of 6 measuring points such as B1-B6;
S 602 according to the distribution position and strain quantity of each measuring point, the position x is x 1 、x 2 、x 3 、x 4 、x 5 、x 6 The strain amounts are y1, y2, y3, y4, y5 and y6, a curve relation of the position x and the strain y is established by adopting least square fitting, and secondary integration is carried out on the relation to obtain a relation of the position and the displacement;
S 603 in S 601 After the weights are loaded, measuring the actual displacement of B1-B6 at the moment, and according to the actual displacement, carrying out S 602 Correcting the relation calculation result of the formula (I);
S 604 the weights are sequentially increased by 1kg (the total weight is increased to 5kg, namely the force F=50N), and the step S is repeated 601 、S 602 、S 603 And (3) until the relative error between the calculation result of the correction curve and the actual strain is minimum, and finishing displacement detection.
In conclusion, the invention provides the high-efficiency and high-cost-performance side slope displacement detection method aiming at the displacement detection problem in landslide, and the efficiency of side slope displacement detection is improved; the method has good adaptability under the condition of overlarge or undersize slope displacement. The slope displacement detection algorithm is high in efficiency and adaptability.
The above specific embodiments merely describe the design principle of the present invention, and the shapes, names, and fitting orders and numbers of the components in the description may be different, without limitation. Therefore, the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or replaced equivalently by those skilled in the art; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and technical scope of the invention, and all of them should be considered to fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A slope displacement detection method, comprising:
one end of a cantilever beam is fixed on a side slope, and a force F is applied to the other end of the cantilever beam, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer;
measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point positions and the strain quantity;
and solving and obtaining a relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation to finish the slope displacement detection.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said measuring the amount of strain at each of said station locations is:
and pasting strain gauges at the positions of each measuring point in a 1/4 bridge or half bridge mode, and measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing a fit relationship between the site location and the strain amount is:
taking the distance between the measuring point position and the force F as an input x, taking the strain quantity as an output y, and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point position and the strain quantity by adopting a least square method:
Figure FDA0003837624850000011
wherein a is i Represents the fitting coefficient, n representsFitting the number of items.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solving for the relationship between the station position and the slope displacement based on the fit relationship is:
and carrying out secondary integration on the fitting relation to obtain the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after said solving for said relationship for said station position and slope displacement based on said fitted relationship:
substituting the actual displacement of the cantilever beam and the measuring point position into the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain a correction coefficient so as to correct the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein substituting the actual displacement of the cantilever beam and the measured point position into the relation between the measured point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain the correction coefficient comprises:
loading force F=10N on the suspension end of the cantilever beam, substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position when the force F=10N into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, and calculating to obtain an initial correction coefficient;
sequentially increasing the value of the force F, increasing by 10N each time until F=50N, sequentially calculating to obtain corresponding correction coefficients, and selecting the correction coefficient which minimizes the slope displacement calculation result and the actual displacement error as a final correction coefficient.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the average spacing of the N station locations relative to each other to the cantilever length is 2:15.
8. A slope displacement detection device, comprising:
one end of the cantilever beam is fixed on the side slope, and the other end of the cantilever beam applies a force F, wherein N measuring point positions are distributed on the cantilever beam, and N is a positive integer;
the strain measurement and fitting module is used for measuring the strain quantity of each measuring point position and establishing a fitting relation between the measuring point positions and the strain quantity;
and the displacement calculation module is used for solving and obtaining the relation between the measuring point position and the slope displacement according to the fitting relation so as to finish the slope displacement detection.
9. The apparatus as recited in claim 8, further comprising:
and the correction module is used for substituting the actual displacement and the measuring point position of the cantilever beam into the relational expression of the measuring point position and the slope displacement, calculating to obtain a correction coefficient, and further obtaining the relational expression of the corrected measuring point position and the corrected slope displacement.
CN202211092669.9A 2022-09-08 2022-09-08 Slope displacement detection method and device Pending CN116295175A (en)

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