CN116293962A - 一种旋转式涂层除湿系统 - Google Patents

一种旋转式涂层除湿系统 Download PDF

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CN116293962A
CN116293962A CN202310217246.3A CN202310217246A CN116293962A CN 116293962 A CN116293962 A CN 116293962A CN 202310217246 A CN202310217246 A CN 202310217246A CN 116293962 A CN116293962 A CN 116293962A
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dehumidification
flow side
regeneration
district
desiccant
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刘林
黄宏宇
王振鹏
邓立生
李军
何兆红
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1423Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/147Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • F24F2003/1464Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators using rotating regenerators
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    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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Abstract

本发明公开一种旋转式涂层除湿系统,包括旋转式涂层除湿器,旋转式涂层除湿器呈圆柱体形,其内部设置有沿自身轴向固定的绝热板,绝热板将除湿器分割为除湿区和再生区。除湿区和再生区的空气通道均包含一次流侧和二次流侧,两侧通道交叉间隔分布,其中一次流侧内部均依次涂覆不同干燥剂,而二次流侧仅在除湿区作为冷却空气通道。除湿区和再生区各自一次流侧进风口到出风口的方向设置相反,而二次流侧出风口和进风口分布于除湿区上沿的前后两端。本发明的有益效果是:可以利用不同干燥剂分级吸‑脱附过程强化除湿性能,同时通过除湿区二次流侧的冷却空气有效消除吸附过程热影响,并回收利用吸附热、再生残余热以及再生排气余热。

Description

一种旋转式涂层除湿系统
技术领域
本发明涉及暖通空调设备,空气除湿技术领域,尤其涉及一种旋转式涂层除湿系统。
背景技术
作为能够以太阳能、地热能和工业余热等低品位热能驱动的有效除湿技术之一,固体吸附除湿技术能够将节能减排与低品位热能开发利用完美结合,拥有光明发展前景。在转轮式、固定床式以及涂层式三种类型的固体除湿器中,涂层式除湿器由于可以实现显热与潜热负荷的同时处理而备受关注。涂层式除湿器是将干燥剂涂覆在传统金属换热器壁面制备而成,其较薄干燥剂层与换热器壁面之间的紧密接触保证了良好的传热传质能力。另外,涂层式除湿器能够通过引入内部冷却流体的方式消除吸附过程吸附热和再生残余热影响,提高除湿能力。然而,与单床即可取得连续除湿的转轮式除湿器相比,涂层式除湿器至少需要双床匹配才能保证连续除湿,不可避免地增加了系统体积与复杂程度,严重制约其应用推广。
采用特别的结构设计将涂层式除湿器加工成转轮形式是实现单床连续除湿的有效解决方案。目前,已报道了几种特殊结构的旋转式涂层除湿器,根据它们内部冷却方式的不同,主要可以分为冷却水管外冷却和空气间壁冷却两种。冷却水管外冷却的旋转式涂层除湿器是由传统管壳式换热器发展而来,干燥剂被涂覆在管道内部,吸附过程中除湿区旋转浸没在冷却水中进行干燥剂层的实时冷却;空气间壁冷却的旋转式涂层除湿器则是将圆柱体形的除湿器沿圆面分为多个小扇形区域,冷却空气通道和干燥剂通道相互间隔,两种通道的进口或出口分别沿圆面和圆周分布,吸附过程中通过向除湿区的冷却空气通道引入冷却空气而冷却干燥剂层。以上两种旋转式涂层除湿器均可兼顾涂层式与转轮式除湿器的双重优点,但除湿性能偏低,且没有考虑对吸附热、再生残余热和再生排气余热的回收利用。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出一种旋转式涂层除湿系统,利用不同干燥剂分级吸-脱附过程强化除湿性能,同时通过引入冷却空气内部冷却的方式有效消除吸附过程热影响,并回收利用吸附热、再生残余热以及再生排气余热。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种旋转式涂层除湿系统,包括旋转式涂层除湿器,所述旋转式涂层除湿器呈圆柱体形,其内部设置有沿自身轴向固定的绝热板,所述绝热板将所述旋转式涂层除湿器分割为除湿区和再生区,所述除湿区和所述再生区的空气通道均包含一次流侧和二次流侧,所述除湿区和所述再生区的所述一次流侧内部均依次涂覆不同干燥剂,且所述除湿区和所述再生区各自一次流侧进风口到出风口的方向设置相反,所述除湿区二次流侧出风口和进风口分布于除湿区上沿的前后两端,其中,所述除湿区一次流侧进风口设置有第一风机,所述除湿区二次流侧进风口设置有第二风机,所述除湿区二次流侧出风口依次与换热器第一介质通道、热源耦合后接入所述再生区一次流侧进风口,所述再生区一次流侧出风口与所述换热器第二介质通道相连。
在一些实施方式中,所述除湿区和所述再生区的一次流侧内部均按照相同方向依次涂覆有至少两种不同干燥剂。
在一些实施方式中,所述除湿区和所述再生区一次流侧均等分为前级和后级,两个所述前级内部涂覆有第一干燥剂,两个所述后级内部涂覆有第二干燥剂,其中,预设相对湿度区间A1和相对湿度区间A2,A1的最小值大于A2的最大值,在相对湿度区间A1内,所述第一干燥剂的吸湿量大于所述第二干燥剂的吸湿量,在相对湿度区间A2内,所述第二干燥剂的吸湿量大于所述第一干燥剂的吸湿量。同时,所述第二干燥剂的再生温度高于所述第一干燥剂的再生温度。
在一些实施方式中,所述除湿区外部设置留有环形开口的环形盖板,所述盖板用于隔开所述除湿区二次流侧进风口和出风口。所述盖板为固定部件,其位置不随旋转式涂层除湿器除湿区和再生区的切换而变化。所述二次流侧出风口和进风口均为环形开口,分布于除湿区上沿的前后两端。
在一些实施方式中,所述旋转式涂层除湿器轴心安装有驱动电机。
在一些实施方式中,所述热源采用太阳能、设备余热,或者电加热中的至少一种。
本发明的有益效果为:通过在旋转式涂层除湿器中依次涂覆不同干燥剂,利用吸湿能力大小与再生温度高低的互补关系构建分级吸-脱附过程,强化除湿性能。同时,利用第二风机往除湿区二次流侧通入冷却空气,对除湿区一次流侧的干燥剂层进行冷却,及时消除吸附热和再生残余热,预热空气随后经过换热器回收再生排气余热,并进一步经热源加热后作为再生空气。因此,本系统能够利用分级吸-脱附过程强化除湿性能,并有效消除吸附过程热影响问题,回收利用吸附热、再生残余热和再生排气余热。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例公开的旋转式涂层除湿系统结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例公开的旋转式涂层除湿器结构示意图;
图3a为不同相对湿度下除湿区一次流侧第一干燥剂和第二干燥剂的平衡吸湿量示意图;
图3b为除湿区一次流侧第一干燥剂出口和第二干燥剂出口的空气绝对湿度示意图;
图3c为不同相对湿度下再生区一次流侧第一干燥剂和第二干燥剂的平衡吸湿量示意图;
图3d为再生区一次流侧第一干燥剂出口和第二干燥剂出口的空气绝对湿度示意图;
其中:1-旋转式涂层除湿器,2-绝热板,3-除湿区,4-再生区,5-二次流侧进风口,6-二次流侧出风口,7-第一风机,8-第二风机,9-换热器,10-热源,11-盖板,12-驱动电机,13-一次流侧通道,14-二次流侧通道。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的内容做进一步详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部内容。
本实施例提出了一种旋转式涂层除湿系统,如图1、图2所示,包括旋转式涂层除湿器1,旋转式涂层除湿器1呈圆柱体形,其基体为导热金属材料,由厚度相同的前后两级组成。旋转式涂层除湿器1内部设置有沿自身轴向固定的绝热板2,绝热板2将旋转式涂层除湿器1分割为除湿区3和再生区4,除湿区3和再生区4的空气通道均包含一次流侧13和二次流侧14,除湿区3和再生区4的一次流侧内部均依次涂覆不同干燥剂,且除湿区3和再生区4各自一次流侧进风口到出风口的方向设置相反,除湿区3二次流侧进风口5和出风口6分布于除湿区3上沿的后端和前端,其中,除湿区3一次流侧进风口设置有第一风机7,除湿区3二次流侧进风口5设置有第二风机8,除湿区3二次流侧出风口6依次与换热器9第一介质通道、热源10耦合后接入再生区4一次流侧进风口,再生区4一次流侧出风口与换热器9的第二介质通道相连。需要说明的是,本发明所述的旋转式涂层除湿器1使用空气间壁冷却原理,即具有一次流侧13和二次流侧14的结构,除湿区3的一次流侧13为除湿空气通道,除湿区3的二次流侧14为冷却空气通道,而再生区4的一次流侧13为再生空气通道,再生区4的二次流侧14保持闲置。在后续运行控制中,只需切换除湿区3和再生区4的位置,即能够令再生区4转变为除湿区3,从而对应地令除湿区3转变为再生区4。
在本实施例中,通过绝热板2将旋转式涂层除湿器1分割为除湿区3和再生区4,利用第一风机7往除湿区3一次流侧通入处理空气,第二风机8往除湿区3二次流侧通入冷却空气。冷却空气为除湿区3一次流侧干燥剂层进行冷却的同时回收吸附热和再生残余热,预热空气随后经过换热器9回收再生排气余热,并进一步经热源10加热后作为再生空气送入再生区4的一次流侧,最后再生排气流过换热器9,其中的余热被回收后排放至室外。因此,本系统能够有效消除吸附过程热影响,同时回收利用吸附热、再生残余热和再生排气余热。
除湿区3和再生区4一次流侧内部均按照相同方向依次涂覆有至少两种不同的干燥剂。以两种干燥剂为例,高湿度条件下吸湿能力较强的第一干燥剂作为除湿区3前级(处理空气上游),而低湿度区间吸湿能力较强的第二干燥剂作为除湿区3后级(处理空气下游),有利于强化吸湿能力;较高再生温度要求的第二干燥剂作为再生区4后级(再生空气上游),而低再生温度要求的第一干燥剂作为再生区4前级(再生空气下游)时,第一干燥剂可利用上游较低温度的再生排气继续脱附再生,实现能量梯级利用;两种干燥剂吸湿能力大小和再生温度高低成互补关系的干燥剂组合涵盖所有类别干燥剂材料,在此不做特别限定;另外,上述互补关系不只存在两种干燥剂之间,可能是大于两种干燥剂的组合,因此所述旋转式涂层除湿器1的级数可以大于或等于两级。通过分级吸附过程中干燥剂吸湿能力的互补关系,还可以对湿空气进行深度除湿。
具体的,除湿区3和再生区4的一次流侧均等分为前级和后级,两个前级内部涂覆有第一干燥剂,两个后级内部涂覆有第二干燥剂,其中,预设相对湿度区间A1和相对湿度区间A2,A1的最小值大于A2的最大值,在相对湿度区间A1内,第一干燥剂的吸湿量大于第二干燥剂的吸湿量,在相对湿度区间A2内,第二干燥剂的吸湿量大于第一干燥剂的吸湿量。同时,第二干燥剂的再生温度高于第一干燥剂的再生温度。如此,可通过分级吸-脱附过程强化除湿性能。
参照图3a-3d,分级吸-脱附过程的基本原理可由“S”形(Ⅰ)和线性(Ⅱ)吸附等温线干燥剂举例说明:吸附过程中,对应φ3状态的入口空气流经除湿区3一次流侧,湿度逐渐降低,到达出口时降至φ1。若对应φ3→φ2过程采用第一干燥剂,而φ2→φ1过程采用第二干燥剂,则在φ3→φ1过程中干燥剂总的平衡吸湿能力将沿图中点划线路径变化,高于单一干燥剂平衡吸湿能力(如图3a所示)。图3b定性地表示了吸附过程除湿区3一次流侧第一和第二干燥剂出口处空气湿度的变化。由于第二干燥剂弥补了第一干燥剂在φ1~φ2湿度区间内吸湿能力不足的缺陷,使得来自上游的湿空气即使在低湿度条件下也可被进一步除湿,提高除湿能力;脱附过程中,两种干燥剂在φ 3对应的相对湿度条件下具有相同的平衡吸湿量W 3。若两种干燥剂脱附量相等,即平衡吸湿量均从W 3降至W 1,此时对应的相对湿度分别为φ 1和φ 2且φ 1<φ 2(如图3c所示),这表明第一干燥剂再生温度更低。将第二干燥剂置于再生空气上游,而第一干燥剂置于再生空气下游。若再生空气相对湿度为φ 1,则脱附过程中再生区4一次流侧第一和第二干燥剂出口处的空气湿度变化可以定性地表示为图3d。假设t’1时刻第二干燥剂脱附平衡,则第一干燥剂入口空气湿度达到φ 1,由于φ 1<φ 2,第一干燥剂脱附量甚至可能高于第二干燥剂。t’1时刻结束再生时,与单一的第二干燥剂相比,下游第一干燥剂可以直接利用上游较低温度的再生排气继续再生,实现能量梯级利用,产生的收益即为第一干燥剂的脱附量。应该强调的是,上述内容仅是举例说明,并不对具体干燥剂类型进行限定,干燥剂吸附等温线形状亦非限定为“S”形和线性。凡是吸湿能力大小和再生温度高低成互补关系的两种或两种以上干燥剂均能够构建出分级吸-脱附过程。
旋转式涂层除湿器1运行过程中,在除湿区3,处理空气首先进入除湿区3一次流侧前级,被在高湿度条件下吸湿能力较强的第一干燥剂先行吸附除湿,随后流入除湿区3的一次流侧后级,进一步被在低湿度条件下吸湿能力较强的干燥剂Ⅱ吸附除湿而降低湿度,吸附过程分级进行;与此同时,除湿区3二次流侧进风口5通入环境空气或室内低温回风对除湿区3一次流侧的干燥剂层进行冷却,消除吸附热和再生残余热;在再生区4,再生空气首先进入再生区4一次流侧后级脱附具有较高再生温度要求的第二干燥剂,随后流入再生区4一次流侧前级继续脱附具有较低再生温度要求的第一干燥剂,脱附过程分级进行。
除湿区3设置留有环形开口的环形盖板11,盖板11用于隔开除湿区3二次流侧进风口5和出风口6。环形盖板11为固定部件,其位置不随旋转式涂层除湿器除湿区3和再生区4的切换而变化。除湿区3二次流侧进风口5和出风口6均为环形开口,分布于除湿区上沿的后端和前端。其中,进风口5通过管道与第二风机8连接,出风口6通过管道与换热器9相连。
旋转式涂层除湿器1轴心安装有驱动电机12,其驱动旋转方式也可视具体情况而定。当除湿区3吸附饱和后由驱动电机12驱动旋转式涂层除湿器1旋转,进行除湿区3和再生区4的上下切换,保证连续除湿;由于旋转式涂层除湿器1间歇性旋转运行,因此可有效降低运行噪音。
热源10可采用太阳能、设备余热,或者电加热中的至少一种。
上述实施例只是为了说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的是在于让本领域内的普通技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容的实质所做出的等效的变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种旋转式涂层除湿系统,包括旋转式涂层除湿器,其特征在于,所述旋转式涂层除湿器呈圆柱体形,其内部设置有沿自身轴向固定的绝热板,所述绝热板将所述旋转式涂层除湿器分割为除湿区和再生区,所述除湿区和所述再生区的空气通道均包含一次流侧和二次流侧,所述除湿区和所述再生区的所述一次流侧内部均依次涂覆不同干燥剂,且所述除湿区和所述再生区各自一次流侧进风口到出风口的方向设置相反,所述除湿区二次流侧出风口和进风口分布于除湿区上沿的前后两端,其中,所述除湿区一次流侧进风口设置有第一风机,所述除湿区二次流侧进风口设置有第二风机,所述除湿区二次流侧出风口依次与换热器第一介质通道、热源耦合后接入所述再生区一次流侧进风口,所述再生区一次流侧出风口与所述换热器第二介质通道相连。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转式涂层除湿系统,其特征在于,所述除湿区和所述再生区的一次流侧内部均按照相同方向依次涂覆有至少两种不同干燥剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的旋转式涂层除湿系统,其特征在于,所述除湿区和所述再生区的一次流侧均等分为前级和后级,两个所述前级内部涂覆有第一干燥剂,两个所述后级内部涂覆有第二干燥剂,其中,预设相对湿度区间A1和相对湿度区间A2,A1的最小值大于A2的最大值,在相对湿度区间A1内,所述第一干燥剂的吸湿量大于所述第二干燥剂的吸湿量,在相对湿度区间A2内,所述第二干燥剂的吸湿量大于所述第一干燥剂的吸湿量。同时,所述第二干燥剂的再生温度高于所述第一干燥剂的再生温度。
4.如权利要求1所述的旋转式涂层除湿系统,其特征在于,所述除湿区外部设置留有两个环形开口的环形盖板,所述盖板用于隔开所述除湿区二次流侧的进风口和出风口;所述盖板为固定部件,其位置不随所述旋转式涂层除湿器除湿区和再生区的切换而变化;所述二次流侧出风口和进风口均为环形开口,分布于除湿区上沿的前后两端。
5.如权利要求1所述的旋转式涂层除湿系统,其特征在于,所述旋转式涂层除湿器轴心安装有驱动电机。
6.如权利要求1所述的旋转式涂层除湿系统,其特征在于,所述热源采用太阳能、设备余热,或者电加热中的至少一种。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117080887A (zh) * 2023-10-09 2023-11-17 河北迅博电力器材有限公司 一种防水雾的干燥型配电箱
CN117080887B (zh) * 2023-10-09 2024-01-30 河北迅博电力器材有限公司 一种防水雾的干燥型配电箱

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