CN116290561A - FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and construction method thereof - Google Patents
FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116290561A CN116290561A CN202310113997.0A CN202310113997A CN116290561A CN 116290561 A CN116290561 A CN 116290561A CN 202310113997 A CN202310113997 A CN 202310113997A CN 116290561 A CN116290561 A CN 116290561A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/20—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/24—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction
- E04G21/246—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction specially adapted for curing concrete in situ, e.g. by covering it with protective sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of green building materials and structural engineering, and discloses an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam, which comprises an FRP rib frame and poured rubber concrete, wherein the FRP rib frame is composed of FRP rib frame studs, FRP tie bars and FRP rib hoops, hooks are arranged at two ends of each FRP tie bar, glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes are used between the hooks and the FRP tie bars in a crisscross binding mode, and the hooks and the FRP tie bars are sealed by epoxy resin glue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of green building materials and structural engineering, in particular to an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and a construction method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the wide application of reinforced concrete in structural engineering, various engineering problems such as reinforcement corrosion problems, fresh water, river sand resource shortage problems and the like appear in the fields of high floors, heavy loads, large spans and the like, and meanwhile, the development demands of ocean engineering and offshore construction limit the further expansion of the reinforced concrete. The fiber reinforced composite material (fibre reinforced polymer, FRP for short) has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good tensile property, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic resistance, excellent designability and the like, meets the industrialization requirements of modern construction technology, and can be used for solving the problems of steel bar corrosion and resource shortage excellently when being combined with common concrete, rubber concrete and seawater sea sand concrete.
Structural damage caused by steel bar corrosion in the concrete structure seriously threatens the long-term safety of the reinforced concrete structure and restricts the healthy development of the concrete structure. The fiber reinforced composite material rib, FRP rib, is produced with several strands of continuous long fiber, such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, etc. and resin matrix, such as unsaturated polyester, polyethylene resin, polypropylene, etc. in certain proportion, and through adding some assistant material, such as initiator, promoter, etc. and extrusion, drawing, etc. Because the FRP reinforcement has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, light weight, high strength, good electromagnetic insulation, good fatigue resistance, good designability and the like, numerous domestic and foreign scholars propose to replace the steel reinforcement for reinforcing the concrete structure, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of corrosion of the steel reinforcement and effectively reducing the maintenance cost and the comprehensive cost of the building structure. Accordingly, FRP reinforced concrete structures are a focus of attention.
Concrete is the building material with the largest usage amount in the world at present, and a large amount of concrete is manufactured, so that a large amount of natural coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are consumed. At present, natural fine aggregate mainly takes river sand as main material, and the river sand resource quantity can not meet the requirement of building construction consumption. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of the global transportation industry, the number of discarded tires per year in the world is continuously increasing in the unit of billions. The generation of a large number of junked tires brings unpredictable and huge pressure to the earth environment. The treatment mode of the waste tires at the present stage mainly comprises concentrated accumulation, and the treatment mode of reprocessing, heating energy supply and the like is smaller. The accumulation of excessive junked tires not only occupies a large amount of cultivated land, but also brings serious environmental pollution. Some scholars have proposed grinding junked tires to obtain rubber powder with different particle sizes, and adopting the rubber powder to partially or completely replace natural aggregate, so that the problems of excessive junked tires and shortage of natural fine aggregate can be relieved, and for this reason, the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and a construction method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and a construction method thereof, wherein the FRP rib is adopted to replace steel bars in common reinforced rubber concrete. The beam has better bending and shearing resistance and stronger ductility and energy consumption simultaneously, and in addition, the beam adopts green concrete materials (rubber powder obtained by grinding junked tires) and has remarkable environmental benefit.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam comprises an FRP rib frame and poured rubber concrete, wherein the FRP rib frame is composed of an FRP rib frame vertical rib, an FRP pulled rib and an FRP rib stirrup, hooks are arranged at two ends of the FRP pulled rib, and glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes are used for binding the hooks and the FRP pulled rib in a crisscross manner and are sealed through epoxy resin glue.
Preferably, the surface of the FRP lacing wire is screw thread, winding rib, indentation or sand bonding.
Preferably, the bending angles of the hooks at the two ends are 135 degrees and 90 degrees respectively.
Preferably, the FRP lacing wire is bound with FRP lacing wires through glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes, the diameters of the FRP lacing wires and the FRP lacing wire are equal, and the length of the FRP lacing wire is ten times the diameter.
Preferably, the FRP reinforcement stirrup can adopt GFRP reinforcement stirrup or CFRP reinforcement stirrup, and the FRP tie-up can adopt GFRP tie-up or BFRP tie-up.
A manufacturing method of an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam comprises the following steps:
the first step: preparing modified rubber concrete;
and a second step of: selecting an FRP reinforcement frame, and determining the use types of the FRP reinforcement frame vertical bars, the FRP stretched bars and the FRP reinforcement stirrups;
and a third step of: the method comprises the steps of applying hooks to the end parts of FRP tension bars, binding the hooks and the FRP tension bars in a crisscross manner by using glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes, sealing the hooks and the FRP tension bars by using epoxy resin glue, and binding the FRP tension bars with the diameter equal to that of the FRP tension bars and the length about 10 times that of the FRP tension bars by using an FRP bar with the diameter equal to that of the FRP tension bars, binding the FRP tension bars in a crisscross manner by using the glass fiber bundles or the nylon ropes, and sealing the FRP tension bars by using epoxy resin;
fourth step: and after the epoxy resin is completely cured, pouring rubber concrete, and curing regularly to finish the construction.
Preferably, the preparation method of the rubber concrete comprises the following steps:
s1: randomly selecting 3 natural fine aggregate samples for screening experiments, counting the residual percentage of each sieve pore, and carrying out averaging treatment on the three experimental results to obtain a grading curve of the natural fine aggregate;
s2: sieving natural fine aggregate according to 0-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm;
s3: soaking rubber powder in sodium hydroxide solution, and sieving modified rubber powder subjected to natural air drying according to 0-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm and 2.36-4.75mm for later use;
s4: replacing the natural fine aggregate with rubber powder, and complementing the natural fine aggregate in the rest grain size range by using the determined grading curve of the natural fine aggregate to obtain the grading fine aggregate containing the rubber aggregate;
s5: and weighing cement according to the amount, mixing the cement with the graded fine aggregate containing the rubber aggregate, adding a forced stirrer, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the coarse aggregate, water and the water reducing agent according to the amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain the rubber concrete.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1mol/L, and the soaking time of the rubber powder in the sodium hydroxide solution is 1h.
Preferably, the rubber powder is formed by grinding waste tires, and the particle size range is between 0 and 4.75 mm.
Preferably, the natural fine aggregate adopts natural river sand, the grain diameter is between 0 and 4.75mm, and the fineness modulus is between 2.6 and 2.8.
Preferably, the natural coarse aggregate is crushed stone with the grain diameter of 5-20mm and good grading, wherein the crushed stone with the grain diameter of 5-10mm accounts for 37 percent and the crushed stone with the grain diameter of 10-20mm accounts for 63 percent.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and the construction method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and the construction method thereof, the technical means of the common steel bars is replaced by the FRP rib, the problem of high maintenance cost caused by steel bar corrosion is solved, the service life of a concrete structure is prolonged, the waste tires are recycled, the problem of black pollution caused by accumulation of the waste tires is relieved, and the huge threat of the accumulation of the excessive waste tires to the environment and human health is effectively relieved.
2. According to the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and the construction method thereof, rubber concrete and FRP ribs are used in a matched mode, and as the deformation of the rubber concrete is coordinated with the deformation of the FRP ribs, the development of cracks is delayed, the tensile strength of the FRP ribs can be fully exerted, the ultimate bending shear bearing capacity is improved, and the ductility in damage is improved.
3. According to the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and the construction method thereof, the strength of the adopted modified rubber concrete is ensured, and adverse effects on the bending and shearing performances of the FRP rib concrete beam caused by the reduction of the strength of the concrete can be avoided.
4. The FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam and the construction method thereof have the advantages that the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam is large in deformation capacity and high in ductility, and under the general earthquake action, the material of the beam is expected to keep elastic characteristics, and residual deformation is avoided or greatly reduced, so that the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam possibly becomes a recoverable structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention employing GFRP stirrups and GFRP pulled bars;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention employing GFRP bar stirrups and BFRP pulled bars;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention employing CFRP reinforcement stirrups and GFRP pulled-up;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention employing BFRP tendons and CFRP tendons.
In the figure: 1. FRP rib frame ribs; 2. GFRP reinforcement stirrups; 3. GFRP is pulled; 4. rubber concrete; 5. BFRP is stretched; 6. CFRP reinforcement stirrup.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 2, the FRP reinforcement modified rubber concrete beam comprises an FRP reinforcement frame and poured rubber concrete 4, wherein the FRP reinforcement frame is composed of an FRP reinforcement frame upright rib 1, FRP tie bars and FRP reinforcement hooping, hooks are arranged at two ends of the FRP tie bars, glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes are used for crossed binding between the hooks and the FRP tie bars, the FRP tie bars are sealed through epoxy resin glue, the FRP tie bars adopt GFRP tie bars 3, and the FRP tie bars adopt GFRP tie bars 2.
The surface of the FRP lacing wire is screw thread, winding rib, indentation or sand bonding.
The bending angles of the hooks at the two ends are 135 degrees and 90 degrees respectively.
FRP tendons are bound on the FRP pulled tendons through glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes, the diameters of the FRP tendons are equal to those of the FRP pulled tendons, and the lengths of the FRP tendons are ten times the diameters.
On the basis of a common reinforced rubber concrete beam, the common reinforced steel bar is replaced by the FRP bars with excellent corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of the FRP rib can enable the member to be better applied to scenes such as ocean engineering and offshore construction.
Embodiment two: on the basis of the first embodiment, the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam is only different in that the FRP tension rib adopts a BFRP tensile rib 5, as shown in figure 3.
Embodiment III: on the basis of the first embodiment, the FRP reinforcement modified rubber concrete beam is different in that CFRP reinforcement stirrups 6 are adopted as FRP reinforcement stirrups, as shown in FIG. 4.
Embodiment four: on the basis of the first embodiment, the FRP reinforcement modified rubber concrete beam is the only difference that the FRP reinforcement stirrup adopts the CFRP reinforcement stirrup 6, and the FRP lacing bar adopts the BFRP lacing bar 5, as shown in figure 5.
A manufacturing method of an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam comprises the following steps:
step 1: randomly selecting 3 natural fine aggregate samples for screening experiments, counting the residual percentage of each sieve pore, and carrying out averaging treatment on the three experimental results to obtain a grading curve of the natural fine aggregate;
step 2: sieving natural fine aggregate according to 0-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm;
step 3: sieving the modified rubber powder which is naturally air-dried according to the sizes of 0-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm and 2.36-4.75mm for standby;
step 4: selecting rubber powder with a specific particle size range in the step 3 to replace the natural fine aggregate with the corresponding particle size range in the step 2, and then supplementing the natural fine aggregate with the rest particle size ranges according to the grading curve of the natural fine aggregate determined in the step 1 to obtain the grading fine aggregate containing the rubber aggregate;
step 5: weighing cement according to the amount, mixing the cement with graded fine aggregate containing rubber aggregate, adding a forced stirrer, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding the weighed coarse aggregate, water and a water reducer according to the amount, stirring uniformly, wherein the water reducer is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, tap water meeting the national standard is adopted as water, the cement is P.O 42.5.5-grade ordinary Portland cement, the natural coarse aggregate is crushed stone, the grain size is between 5 and 20mm, and the grading is good;
step 5: the FRP reinforcement frame vertical rib 1 is selected from common FRP reinforcement, the FRP reinforcement stirrup adopts GFRP reinforcement stirrup 2, and the FRP tension rib is selected from GFRP tension rib 3;
step 6: the FRP ribs are anchored in the rubber concrete beam, and in order to avoid sliding damage of the FRP rib rubber aggregate concrete beam in the loading process, certain measures are taken for anchoring the end parts of the FRP tension ribs. A hook with a bending angle of 135 degrees at one end and 90 degrees at the other end is applied to the end of the FRP tension rib, and the FRP tension rib which cannot be directly bent is used for being subjected to cross binding with the FRP tension rib by using an FRP rib with the diameter equal to that of the FRP tension rib and the length about 10 times of that of the FRP tension rib, is bound by using a glass fiber bundle or a nylon rope, and is relatively closed by using epoxy resin; and after the epoxy resin is completely cured, pouring the rubber concrete. And (5) periodically maintaining to finish the construction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam is characterized by comprising an FRP rib frame and poured rubber concrete (4), wherein the FRP rib frame is composed of an FRP rib frame upright rib (1), an FRP tie bar and an FRP rib stirrup, hooks are arranged at two ends of the FRP tie bar, glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes are used for binding the hooks and the FRP tie bar in a crisscross manner, and the FRP rib is sealed through epoxy resin glue.
2. The FRP reinforcement-modified rubber concrete beam of claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the FRP lacing wire is screw thread, winding rib, indentation or sand bonding.
3. The FRP reinforcement-modified rubber concrete beam of claim 1, characterized in that: the bending angles of the hooks at the two ends are 135 degrees and 90 degrees respectively.
4. The FRP reinforcement-modified rubber concrete beam of claim 1, characterized in that: FRP tendons are bound on the FRP stretched tendons through glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes, the diameters of the FRP tendons are equal to those of the FRP stretched tendons, and the lengths of the FRP tendons are ten times the diameters of the FRP tendons.
5. The FRP reinforcement-modified rubber concrete beam of claim 1, characterized in that: the FRP reinforcement stirrup can adopt GFRP reinforcement stirrup (2) or CFRP reinforcement stirrup (6), and the FRP is received the lacing wire and can select GFRP to receive lacing wire (3) or BFRP to receive lacing wire (5).
6. A manufacturing method of an FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam comprises the following steps:
the first step: preparing modified rubber concrete (4);
and a second step of: selecting an FRP reinforcement frame, and determining the use types of the FRP reinforcement frame vertical bars (1), the FRP pulled bars and the FRP reinforcement stirrups;
and a third step of: the method comprises the steps of applying hooks to the end parts of FRP tension bars, binding the hooks and the FRP tension bars in a crisscross manner by using glass fiber bundles or nylon ropes, sealing the hooks and the FRP tension bars by using epoxy resin glue, and binding the FRP tension bars with the diameter equal to that of the FRP tension bars and the length about 10 times that of the FRP tension bars by using an FRP bar with the diameter equal to that of the FRP tension bars, binding the FRP tension bars in a crisscross manner by using the glass fiber bundles or the nylon ropes, and sealing the FRP tension bars by using epoxy resin;
fourth step: and after the epoxy resin is completely cured, pouring the rubber concrete (4), and curing regularly to finish the construction.
7. The method for manufacturing the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam according to claim 6, wherein: the preparation method of the rubber concrete (4) comprises the following steps:
s1: randomly selecting 3 natural fine aggregate samples for screening experiments, counting the residual percentage of each sieve pore, and carrying out averaging treatment on the three experimental results to obtain a grading curve of the natural fine aggregate;
s2: sieving natural fine aggregate according to 0-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm;
s3: soaking rubber powder in sodium hydroxide solution, and sieving modified rubber powder subjected to natural air drying according to 0-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm and 2.36-4.75mm for later use;
s4: replacing the natural fine aggregate with rubber powder, and complementing the natural fine aggregate in the rest grain size range by using the determined grading curve of the natural fine aggregate to obtain the grading fine aggregate containing the rubber aggregate;
s5: and weighing cement according to the amount, mixing the cement with the graded fine aggregate containing rubber aggregate, adding a forced stirrer, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding the coarse aggregate, water and the water reducing agent according to the amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain the rubber concrete (4).
8. The method for manufacturing the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam according to claim 7, wherein: the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in the step S3 is 1mol/L, and the soaking time of the rubber powder in the sodium hydroxide solution is 1h;
the rubber powder is formed by grinding waste tires, and the grain size range is between 0 and 4.75 mm.
9. The method for manufacturing the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam according to claim 7, wherein: the natural fine aggregate in the S2 adopts natural river sand, the grain diameter is between 0 and 4.75mm, and the fineness modulus is between 2.6 and 2.8.
10. The method for manufacturing the FRP rib modified rubber concrete beam according to claim 7, wherein: the coarse aggregate in the step S5 is crushed stone with the particle size of 5-20mm, wherein the crushed stone with the particle size of 5-10mm accounts for 37 percent and the crushed stone with the particle size of 10-20mm accounts for 63 percent.
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