CN116288339A - Laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process - Google Patents
Laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116288339A CN116288339A CN202310315395.3A CN202310315395A CN116288339A CN 116288339 A CN116288339 A CN 116288339A CN 202310315395 A CN202310315395 A CN 202310315395A CN 116288339 A CN116288339 A CN 116288339A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of C23C24/10, in particular to a laser osmotically-hardened surface treatment process, which at least comprises the following steps: (1) Spraying a hard alloy powder solution on the surface of a substrate to obtain a sample to be treated; (2) The method comprises the steps of carrying out laser scanning treatment on a sample to be treated by an instrument, cooling to form a product with a hard alloy layer combined on the surface, effectively combining laser quenching and laser surface alloying technologies, realizing the optimization of the mechanical properties of a base material by utilizing the compressive stress of a high-energy laser beam and the compressive stress mechanism of a metal material, strengthening a plurality of materials which cannot be subjected to surface quenching technology to obtain hardness, and changing the size of the base material slightly while ensuring that the material obtains extremely high wear resistance and remarkably improved hardness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of C23C24/10, in particular to a laser osmotically-pressed surface hardening treatment process.
Background
The surface of a metal material is subjected to hardening treatment, and particularly the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the surface of the metal material are improved by adopting flame spraying, supersonic spraying, laser cladding additive technology, laser surface quenching technology, laser surface alloying technology and the like, so that the surface of the metal material is becoming a better material surface processing mode.
The laser cladding material adding technology specifically adopts high-energy laser, after the alloy powder and the surface layer of the substrate are treated, a layer of metal material is melted and covered on the surface layer of the metal substrate, so that the size of the substrate is increased, and the mechanical property is improved; the laser quenching technology irradiates the surface of the base material by high-energy and high-density laser beams, so that the temperature of the surface layer of the base material is quickly increased and is quickly removed, and then the gold image tissue of the surface layer of the material is changed by the quick quenching process of quick heat dissipation of the volume of the base material, so that extremely compact and fine martensite crystal tissue is obtained, and the hardness of the surface layer of the material is improved. The laser surface alloying technology is to spray coating alloy powder on the surface of a base material, and then to make the alloy powder component and the base material component melt and mix simultaneously through irradiation of high-energy laser beams, so as to obtain new surface layer alloy after melting, thereby achieving ideal mechanical properties. And the section microscopic observation shows that the bonding trace is avoided, and the bonding strength is extremely high. For example, chinese patent application (application number CN112536447 a) discloses a 3D laser cladding additive manufacturing process based on a bearing bush alloy layer, specifically, laser cladding is performed on a cladding material preset on the surface of a pretreated substrate, and tin-based babbitt powder is clad layer by layer to a design thickness, but for a metal material with a low carbon content, the purpose of hardness improvement cannot be achieved by the conventional laser technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the conventional laser technology cannot realize the improvement of the hardness of a sample with very low carbon content, the invention provides a laser osmotically-surface hardening treatment technology, which is effectively combined with the laser quenching and laser surface alloying technologies, and utilizes the compressive stress of a high-energy laser beam and the compressive stress mechanism of a metal material to realize the optimization of the mechanical properties of a base material, so that a plurality of materials which cannot be subjected to the surface quenching technology to obtain the hardness are subjected to strengthening treatment, so that the materials obtain extremely high wear resistance and remarkably improved hardness, and the size of the base material is slightly changed.
The invention provides a laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process, which at least comprises the following steps:
(1) Spraying a hard alloy powder solution on the surface of a substrate to obtain a sample to be treated;
(2) And (3) carrying out laser scanning treatment on the sample to be treated by adopting an instrument, and cooling to form a product with the surface combined with the cemented carbide layer.
As a preferable technical scheme, the substrate is a metal material, and the metal material is selected from stainless steel.
As a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the hard alloy powder to the solvent in the hard alloy powder solution is 1: (2-4). The preparation method of the hard alloy powder solution comprises the following steps: mixing the hard alloy powder and then mixing the mixture with a solvent according to the mass ratio.
Preferably, the solvent is ethanol.
Preferably, the cemented carbide powder comprises at least carbide, nitride;
preferably, the carbide is at least one selected from titanium carbide, boron carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, zirconium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, cerium carbide and graphene;
preferably, the nitride is at least one selected from aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride, zirconium nitride and chromium nitride;
preferably, the hard alloy powder comprises 20-40% of titanium carbide, 40-60% of boron carbide, 1-5% of titanium nitride, 1-5% of boron nitride and 5-10% of graphene in percentage by mass.
Preferably, the particle size of the titanium carbide, the boron carbide and the graphene is 50-100nm.
Preferably, the grain size of the titanium nitride and the boron nitride is 50-100nm.
The inventor finds that, in the research process, especially, titanium carbide, boron carbide, cerium carbide, titanium nitride, boron nitride and graphene with specific proportions are adopted together as hard alloy powder, so that the hardness and wear resistance of the base material are remarkably improved, and meanwhile, extremely high oxidation resistance, red heat resistance and impact resistance are provided for the base material. Further, by controlling the particle size of each raw material in the hard alloy powder, the metallurgical bonding of titanium carbide, boron carbide, cerium carbide, titanium nitride, boron nitride, graphene and a base material is realized, the hard alloy layer and the strain strengthening layer are clear through section microscopic observation, the thickness of the hard alloy layer is 0.03-0.05mm, and the depth of the strain strengthening layer is 0.40-0.45mm.
Preferably, the spraying amount is 0.3-0.5mm for covering the surface layer of the substrate.
As a preferred technical solution, the apparatus is a fiber laser complete custom assembly device, and the fiber laser complete custom assembly device includes a laser emitter and a robot arm.
Preferably, the laser output power of the laser transmitter is 1000-2000W.
Preferably, the scanning light spot of the robot arm is (1-3) ×10-30 mm.
Preferably, the scanning speed of the robot arm is 400-800mm/min.
Preferably, the laser focal length of the robot arm is 20-28cm.
Preferably, the cemented carbide layer has a thickness of 0.03 to 0.05mm.
Preferably, the depth of the strain strengthening layer is 0.40-0.45mm.
Preferably, the cooling is natural cooling or water cooling, and the cooling time is 2-5min.
According to the laser infiltration surface hardening treatment process provided by the invention, the laser output power of the laser transmitter is controlled to be 1000-2000W, so that the hard alloy powder sprayed on the surface of the substrate is melted under the irradiation of a high-energy laser beam, the melted hard alloy powder is extruded at high temperature and high pressure through the compression stress impact of the laser beam and the compression shrinkage stress of the metal material, granular powder is mutually melted, infiltrated, lattice filled and crystallized, the surface layer of the substrate in a micro-melting state is infiltrated, and the hard alloy layer on the surface of the substrate is formed after cooling. And further, by adjusting the scanning spot size, scanning speed and laser focal length of the robot arm, hard alloy powder strengthening treatment is carried out on a plurality of materials which cannot be subjected to surface quenching technology to obtain hardness, so that the materials have extremely high wear resistance and extremely high toughness, and the hardness of a hard alloy layer can reach more than HRC 70. And the material with the hardness obtained by adopting the surface quenching technology is treated, and a hard alloy layer with the thickness of 0.03-0.05mm can be obtained outside the quenching layer with a certain depth, so that the wear resistance is greatly improved.
In addition, the base material is treated by the laser osmotically-hardening treatment process, so that the base material has extremely high-temperature resistance, and the detected hardness value is about HRC60 at the surface temperature of 100-200 ℃ through detection; the hardness value is HRC50 or more when the surface temperature is 260 ℃. The hardness value is HRC40 or more when the surface temperature is 300 ℃.
The invention further provides application of the laser osmotically-hardening treatment process to surface hardening treatment of metal substrates.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention provides a laser osmotically-pressed surface hardening treatment process, which effectively combines laser quenching and laser surface alloying technologies, realizes the optimization of the mechanical properties of a base material by utilizing the compressive stress of a high-energy laser beam and the compressive stress mechanism of a metal material, strengthens a plurality of materials which cannot obtain hardness by adopting the surface quenching technology, and ensures that the base material has extremely high wear resistance and remarkably improved hardness, and the change of the size of the base material is negligible.
2. According to the laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process provided by the invention, titanium carbide, boron carbide, titanium nitride, boron nitride, graphene and the like with specific proportions are adopted as hard alloy powder, so that the hardness and wear resistance of the base material are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the base material is endowed with extremely high oxidation resistance, red heat resistance and impact resistance.
3. Based on the system, the particle size of each raw material in the hard alloy powder is controlled, so that the titanium carbide, the boron carbide, the titanium nitride, the boron nitride and the graphene are metallurgically bonded with the base material, the hard alloy layer and the strain layer are clear in section microscopic observation, the thickness of the hard alloy layer is 0.03-0.05mm, the depth of the strain strengthening layer is 0.40-0.45mm, the bonding strength is extremely high, and the change of the size of the base material is negligible.
4. According to the laser infiltration surface hardening treatment process provided by the invention, the laser output power of the laser transmitter is controlled to be 1000-2000W, so that the hard alloy powder sprayed on the surface of the substrate is melted under the irradiation of a high-energy laser beam, the melted hard alloy powder is extruded at high temperature and high pressure through the compression stress impact of the laser beam and the compression shrinkage stress of the metal material, granular powder is mutually melted, infiltrated, lattice filled and crystallized, the surface layer of the substrate in a micro-melting state is infiltrated, and the hard alloy layer on the surface of the substrate is formed after cooling.
5. According to the laser osmotically-surface hardening treatment process provided by the invention, through adjusting the scanning spot size, scanning speed and laser focal length of the robot arm, hard alloy powder strengthening treatment is carried out on a plurality of materials which cannot be subjected to surface hardening technology to obtain hardness, so that the materials obtain extremely high wear resistance and extremely high toughness, and the hardness of a hard alloy layer can reach more than HRC 70.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of three hardness tests performed on a 0Cr13 substrate in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of three hardness tests after the Cr12mov substrate of example 2 was treated.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparative development of the surface grain structure of the 304 stainless steel substrate before and after treatment in example 3, wherein a is the comparative development of the lattice before and after treatment, and b is the development of the lattice after treatment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional golden phase diagram of the 0Cr13 matrix of example 1 after treatment, labeled as structural features of the laser osmotically hardened alloy layer.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a laser osmotically-surface hardening treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Spraying a hard alloy powder solution on the surface of a substrate to obtain a sample to be treated;
(2) And (3) carrying out laser scanning treatment on the sample to be treated by adopting an instrument, and cooling to form a product with the surface combined with the cemented carbide layer.
The base material is a metal material, and the metal material is 0Cr13 stainless steel.
The mass ratio of the hard alloy powder to the solvent in the hard alloy powder solution is 1:3. the preparation method of the hard alloy powder solution comprises the following steps: mixing the hard alloy powder and then mixing the mixture with a solvent according to the mass ratio.
The solvent is ethanol.
The hard alloy powder comprises, by mass, 30% of titanium carbide, 60% of boron carbide, 1% of titanium nitride, 2% of boron nitride and 7% of graphene.
The particle size of the titanium carbide, the boron carbide and the graphene is 50nm.
The grain sizes of the titanium nitride and the boron nitride are 50nm.
The spraying amount is 0.3mm of the covering thickness of the surface layer of the base material.
The instrument is fiber laser complete custom assembly equipment, which comprises a laser emitter and a robot arm.
The laser output power of the laser transmitter is 1500W.
The scanning light spot of the robot arm is 2 x 20mm.
The scanning speed of the robot arm is 600mm/min.
The laser focal length of the robot arm is 24cm.
The cemented carbide layer had a thickness of 0.04mm.
The depth of the strain strengthening layer is 0.43mm.
The cooling is natural cooling, and the cooling time is 3min.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a laser osmotically-surface hardening treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Spraying a hard alloy powder solution on the surface of a substrate to obtain a sample to be treated;
(2) And (3) carrying out laser scanning treatment on the sample to be treated by adopting an instrument, and cooling to form a product with the surface combined with the cemented carbide layer.
The base material is a metal material, and the metal material is Cr12mov die steel.
The mass ratio of the hard alloy powder to the solvent in the hard alloy powder solution is 1:3. the preparation method of the hard alloy powder solution comprises the following steps: mixing the hard alloy powder and then mixing the mixture with a solvent according to the mass ratio.
The solvent is ethanol.
The hard alloy powder comprises, by mass, 30% of titanium carbide, 50% of boron carbide, 5% of titanium nitride, 5% of boron nitride and 10% of graphene.
The particle size of the titanium carbide, the boron carbide and the graphene is 50nm.
The grain sizes of the titanium nitride and the boron nitride are 50nm.
The sprayed amount was 0.3mm in surface coverage thickness.
The instrument is fiber laser complete custom assembly equipment, which comprises a laser emitter and a robot arm.
The laser output power of the laser transmitter is 1800W.
The scanning light spot of the robot arm is 2 x 20mm.
The scanning speed of the robot arm is 600mm/min.
The laser focal length of the robot arm is 24cm.
The cemented carbide layer had a thickness of 0.05mm.
The depth of the strain strengthening layer is 0.40mm.
The cooling is natural cooling, and the cooling time is 3min.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the invention provides a laser osmotically-surface hardening treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Spraying a hard alloy powder solution on the surface of a substrate to obtain a sample to be treated;
(2) And (3) carrying out laser scanning treatment on the sample to be treated by adopting an instrument, and cooling to form a product with the surface combined with the cemented carbide layer.
The base material is a metal material, and the metal material is 304 stainless steel.
The mass ratio of the hard alloy powder to the solvent in the hard alloy powder solution is 1:3. the preparation method of the hard alloy powder solution comprises the following steps: mixing the hard alloy powder and then mixing the mixture with a solvent according to the mass ratio.
The solvent is ethanol.
The hard alloy powder comprises, by mass, 35% of titanium carbide, 25% of boron carbide, 10% of titanium nitride, 20% of boron nitride and 10% of graphene.
The particle size of the titanium carbide, the boron carbide and the graphene is 50nm.
The grain sizes of the titanium nitride and the boron nitride are 50nm.
The sprayed amount is 0.2mm for covering the surface layer of the base material.
The instrument is fiber laser complete custom assembly equipment, which comprises a laser emitter and a robot arm.
The laser output power of the laser transmitter is 1500W.
The scanning light spot of the robot arm is 2 x 20mm.
The scanning speed of the robot arm is 600mm/min.
The laser focal length of the robot arm is 24cm.
The cemented carbide layer had a thickness of 0.03mm.
The depth of the strain strengthening layer is 0.42mm.
The cooling is natural cooling, and the cooling time is 3min.
Performance test method
(1) Hardness: the hardness of the substrates of examples 1 to 3 before and after treatment was measured by an ultrasonic hardness tester, and the average value of the results of the measurement was recorded in Table 1. FIGS. 1 and 2 are graphs showing the results of three hardness tests after the substrates of examples 1 and 2 were treated, respectively.
(2) The surface grain structure of the 304 stainless steel substrate of example 3 was observed before and after treatment with a hand-held portable microscope at 40 magnification, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
(3) The structural characteristics of the hardened alloy layer on the cross section of the substrate treated in example 1 were observed by using a DMI8-C Leka metallographic microscope (magnification: 50 times), and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
TABLE 1
Claims (10)
1. The hardening treatment process of the laser osmotic surface is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
(1) Spraying a hard alloy powder solution on the surface of a substrate to obtain a sample to be treated;
(2) And (3) carrying out laser scanning treatment on the sample to be treated by adopting an instrument, and cooling to form a product with the surface combined with the cemented carbide layer.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a metallic material.
3. The process for hardening a laser-osmotically pressed surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the cemented carbide powder to the solvent in the cemented carbide powder solution is 1: (2-4).
4. A process for the solidification of a laser-infiltrated surface according to claim 3, wherein the cemented carbide powder comprises at least carbides, nitrides.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the carbide is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, boron carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, zirconium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, cerium carbide, and graphene.
6. The process of claim 4, wherein the nitride is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride, zirconium nitride, and chromium nitride.
7. A process for hardening a laser osmotically-pressed surface according to claim 3, wherein the instrument is a fiber laser custom-made assembly device comprising a laser transmitter and a robotic arm.
8. The process for hardening a laser-osmotically pressed surface according to claim 7, wherein the laser output power of the laser transmitter is 1000-2000W.
9. The process for hardening a laser-osmotically-pressed surface according to claim 7, wherein the scanning light spot of the robot arm is (1-3) ×10-30 mm; the scanning speed of the robot arm is 400-800mm/min; the laser focal length of the robot arm is 20-28cm.
10. Use of a laser osmotically surface hardening treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, for the surface hardening treatment of metal substrates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310315395.3A CN116288339A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310315395.3A CN116288339A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process |
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| CN116288339A true CN116288339A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN202310315395.3A Pending CN116288339A (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2023-03-28 | Laser osmoticum surface hardening treatment process |
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