CN116285401A - 一种聚氨酯木粒板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚氨酯木粒板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116285401A CN116285401A CN202310199394.7A CN202310199394A CN116285401A CN 116285401 A CN116285401 A CN 116285401A CN 202310199394 A CN202310199394 A CN 202310199394A CN 116285401 A CN116285401 A CN 116285401A
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Abstract
本发明涉及材料技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种聚氨酯木粒板及其制备方法，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得，所述聚氨酯占总重量的15％～25％；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。本发明通过改性剂对木粒改性，上述改性剂能够在较短的时间内对木粒完成改性便于后续的加工工序。并且通过在木粒板中部夹设第一增强层，在下表面设置第二增强层提高了木粒板的纵向性能。进一步，在木粒板上表面设置防护层提高了木粒的耐水性、阻燃性等性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种聚氨酯木粒板及其制备方法。
背景技术
墙体是建筑中重要的围护结构，其功能是分隔室内和室外空间，承受负荷和美观的装饰。在建筑材料中墙体材料所占的比例在70％以上，其中实心粘土砖作为一种有上千年应用历史的传统墙体材料，长期占据墙体材料市场的主导地位。粘土砖在生产过程中对环境产生了污染，随着环境可持续发展的理念以及建筑节能的思想在建筑材料领域的推广，新型墙体材料在建筑工程中的应用受到越来越多的关注。
新型的墙体材料有砖、砌块、板材。新型墙砖不再从农田取土而改用工业废渣，生产工艺改为非烧结；常用的砌块有混凝土空心砌块、加气混凝土砌块、轻骨料混凝土砌块等；墙用板材主要有水泥类、石膏类、植物纤维类以及复合墙板四种。板材具有厚度小、重量轻，抗震性能好，板面平整，施工速度快，耐火性能好，隔声性能好等优点，应用范围越来越广泛范围。但现有各种板材是还有众多需要改进的地方：低密度水泥石膏类板材的力学强度差，不能用作结构板；植物纤维类板材主要是各种人造板，存在着生产过程能源消耗大、密度偏大、板材厚度偏小、三醛类胶黏剂环保性差、产品均一性不足、结构强度偏低、防霉菌腐蚀和耐水性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的问题，提供一种聚氨酯木粒板及其制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种聚氨酯木粒板，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得；所述聚氨酯占总重量的15％～25％；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。
优选地，所述可固化高分子载体为不饱和脂肪酸衍生物，所述有机防腐防霉剂为三唑类杀菌剂、异噻唑啉酮或氨基甲酸酯中的一种或多种；所述高分子阻燃剂以及表面活性剂均为有机硅树脂或纳米硅树脂。
优选地，所述聚氨酯包括A料与B料，所述A料与B料的重量比为(100～130)：100；所述A料为PAPI或PAPI与改性MDI按照质量比为1～2:1混合而得到的混合物；所述B料按照重量份计，包括多元醇60～80份，阻燃剂10～20份，匀泡剂1～2份，扩链剂0.01～1份，水1.5～2.5份，催化剂0.01～2.2份，稳定剂0.01～1份。
更优选地，所述聚氨酯A料与B料的重量比为105:100。其中，A料为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯PAPI；B料按照重量份计，包括泡聚醚多元醇50份，弹性体聚醚多元醇10份，聚酯多元醇13份，植物油多元醇7份，阻燃剂15份，匀泡剂1.5份，水1份，催化剂1.5份，扩链剂0.5份，稳定剂0.5份。
优选地，所述阻燃剂为磷酸酯或卤代磷酸酯类阻燃剂，可选TCPP、TCEP、DMMP、TDCPP、DEEP等一种或多种；所述匀泡剂为有机硅类表面活性剂；所述扩链剂为二醇或三醇，可选乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、三乙醇胺等一种或多种；所述催化剂选自叔胺类催化剂或者有机金属催化剂中的一种或多种；所述稳定剂为液体类光稳定剂、抗氧剂、水解稳定剂的一种或多种。
优选地，所述聚氨酯木粒板设置有第一增强层和/或第二增强层；所述第一增强层夹设于所述木粒板的中间，所述第二增强层位于木粒板的下表面。
优选地，所述第一增强层为金属管或植物茎秆；所述第二增强层为连续纤维增强的PU，或长短纤维纺织的毡、布，或金属板。
所述第一增强层具体可以为金属材料、织物材料或复合材料。第一增强层的材料优选厚度(直径)为0.5～50mm。更具体地，所述金属材料选自铁、不锈钢、铝、铝合金、铜、铜合金、镀锌、镀锡板(管)的一种或多种；所述植物材料选自竹竿、竹片、木棒、木片的一种或多种；所述复合材料为经竹纤维、麻纤维、聚酯纤维、玄武岩纤维、尼龙纤维和玻璃纤维中的一种或多种连续纤维增强的EP、UP、PE、PP、PVC、PA、PU、PS、ABS、PC、POM或PBT材料。
所述第二增强层优选为用竹纤维、麻纤维、聚酯纤维、玄武岩纤维、尼龙纤维和玻璃纤维中的一种或多种长、短纤维混杂编织而成的毡、布，经复合EP、UP、PE、PP、PVC、PA、PU、PS、ABS、PC、POM或PBT而成。所述第二增强层的厚度优选为0.2～5mm。
优选地，所述木粒板的上表面设置有防护层，所述防护层包括预聚体和固化剂，其质量比为100：12～40；所述预聚体组份包括如下重量份数的组分：聚醚多元醇55～80％、甲苯二异氰酸酯20～45％；所述固化剂组份包括如下重量份数的组分：胺类扩链剂10～75％、聚氧化丙烯三元醇0～69％、阻燃剂20～45％、疏水剂5～10％、催化剂0～0.3％、抗氧剂0.3～0.9％。
所述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.将木粒进行干燥，使其含水量为3％～15％，将浓度为0.5～5％的改性液喷淋在木粒表面，喷淋量为干木粒重量的10-150％；改性剂与木粒混合0.2～4min；然后再以70～120℃的温度烘干20～100min；优选所述混合时间为30～90s，烘干时间30～100min烘干温度为80～100℃；
S2.按照配比，将所述A料与B料进行混合，将AB混合液加入到步骤S1得到的改性木粒中，并同时强力搅拌，搅拌时间为30～300秒，得到本体原料；
S3.在模具内喷涂脱模剂；
S4.在步骤S3的模具中填入步骤S2得到的本体原料，并压制成型，脱模后即得。
优选地，所述步骤S3喷涂脱模剂之后，在所述模具内填入第二增强层；然后再进行步骤S4。
优选地，所所述步骤S4在填充本体原料过程中填入第一增强层，使第一增强层嵌入本体原料之间。
优选地，所述步骤S4填充完本体原料之后，再在本体原料上淋上一层防护层液体料；再压制。
增强材料层的制备：对于金属、植物材料、连续纤维增强PU所得的增强层材料，先切割成需要的尺寸，对增强材料接触本体材料层的表面进行喷砂处理，清洁喷砂面后涂刷微孔聚氨酯AB混合料；对于长短纤维纺织的毡、布，切割成需要的尺寸后，直接在一面涂刷微孔聚氨酯AB混合料。
需要在聚氨酯木粒板下表面设置第二增强层时，将连续纤维增强的PU，或长短纤维纺织的毡、布，或金属板放置在步骤S3喷涂脱模剂之后的模具内。将涂胶面朝上，然后再填入本体原料。
需要在聚氨酯木粒板中部夹设第一增强层时，先在模具内填充一部分本体原料，并将原料铺平再将增强材料放置在模具内，再继续填充本体原料。
填充完毕之后，将模具压合并在40～70℃下保温40～90min，待各组份固化成型后开模，并在室温下放置24～72h，即得。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术效果：
本发明提供的一种聚氨酯木粒板及其制备方法，通过改性剂对木粒改性，上述改性剂能够在较短的时间内对木粒完成改性便于后续的加工工序。并且通过在木粒板中部夹设第一增强层，在下表面设置第二增强层提高了木粒板的纵向性能。进一步，在木粒板上表面设置防护层提高了木粒的耐水性、阻燃性等性能。
附图说明
图1实施例1(左)和实施例2(右)得到的木粒板打钉效果的照片。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的技术内容，特举以下实施例详细说明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。实施例中所用到的各种常用化学试剂，均为市售产品。
实施例1
一种聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。
所述木粒长度为10～30mm，宽度1～3mm；所述聚氨酯占本体原料的16％，按照重量份计，所述聚氨酯按照重量份计，包括：
上述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
I.改性木颗粒的准备
上述改性液用水按照1:18进行稀释，将预干燥至水分含量10-15％木颗粒在经过稀释的改性液中浸泡60秒，然后在设定温度为100℃的烘干设备中干燥60分钟至残留水分含量10-15％，分筛后降至常温；
II.本体材料层原料的准备
首先在专门设计的混合器中输入设定量的步骤I得到的改性木颗粒，然后将所述微孔聚氨酯的A、B料采用高压发泡机进行混合并连续投入到混合器中，进行同步搅拌混合30s出料，即得到本体材料；
III.模具中填充本体材料
首先在预热至60℃模具腔内均匀喷涂适量的脱模剂；往模腔中填充步骤II得到的本体材料层原料后用刨平器刨平。
Ⅴ.模压成型
在所有本体材料填充完毕后，模具加压合模到设计的高度，在65℃下保温50min，待各组份固化成型后开模，并在室温下放置24h，即得。
实施例2
一种聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。
所述木粒长度为10～30mm，宽度1～3mm；所述聚氨酯占本体原料的16％，按照重量份计，所述聚氨酯按照重量份计，包括：
所述防护层由浇注型聚氨酯弹性体制成，厚0.5mm；所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料组成为：
该聚氨酯木粒板中间夹设有第一增强层，底面设置有第二增强层。第一增强层为直径40-50mm的竹竿；第二增强层为长短纤维纺织的毡布。
上述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
I.改性木颗粒的准备
上述改性液用水按照1:18进行稀释，将预干燥至水分含量10-15％木颗粒在经过稀释的改性液中浸泡60秒，然后在设定温度为100℃的烘干设备中干燥60分钟至残留水分含量10-15％，分筛后降至常温；
II.本体材料层原料的准备
首先在专门设计的混合器中输入设定量的步骤I得到的改性木颗粒，然后将所述微孔聚氨酯的A、B料采用高压发泡机进行混合并连续投入到混合器中，进行同步搅拌混合30s出料，即得到本体材料；
III.增强材料层的准备
对于长短纤维纺织的毡布，按照模具尺寸进行切割，在其一面涂刷微孔聚氨酯AB混合料。
对于竹竿，先切割成需要的尺寸，表面进行喷砂至粗糙度6.3-12.5，清洁表面后涂刷微孔聚氨酯AB混合料；
Ⅳ.模具中置入增强材料和填充本体材料
首先在预热至60℃模具腔内均匀喷涂适量的脱模剂；把步骤III得到的毡布放入模具底部，涂胶面向上；往模腔中酒入一定量的步骤II得到的本体材料层原料后用刨平器刨平，接着放置步骤III所得竹竿，再将剩余的步骤II得到的本体材料原料洒入模腔中，用刨平器刨平。
Ⅴ.模压成型
在所有本体材料填充完毕后，喷淋防护层液体料再将模具加压合模到设计的高度，在65℃下保温50min，待各组份固化成型后开模，并在室温下放置24h，即得。
实施例3
一种聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。
所述木粒长度为10～30mm，宽度1～3mm；所述聚氨酯占本体原料的20％，按照重量份计，所述聚氨酯包括：
所述防护层由浇注型聚氨酯弹性体制成，厚0.8mm；所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料组成为：
该聚氨酯木粒板中间夹设有第一增强层；所述第一增强层材料为宽度在25-30mm的竹片扎成截面约30×30的竹片束。
上述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
I.改性木颗粒的准备
上述改性液用水按照1:20进行稀释，在连续喷淋混合设备中将经过稀释的改性液喷淋至预干燥至水分含量10-15％木颗粒中，然后在设定温度为90℃的烘干设备中干燥50分钟至残留水分含量10-15％，分筛后降至常温；
II.本体材料层原料的准备
首先在专门设计的混合器中输入设定量的步骤I得到的改性木颗粒，然后将所述微孔聚氨酯的A、B料采用高压发泡机进行混合并连续投入到混合器中，进行同步搅拌混合40秒出料，即得到本体材料；
III.增强材料层的准备
对竹片束的表面进行喷砂至粗糙度6.3-12.5，清洁表面后涂刷微孔聚氨酯AB混合料；
Ⅳ.模具中置入增强材料和填充本体材料
首先在预热至60℃模具腔内均匀喷涂适量的脱模剂；往模腔中酒入一定量步骤II得到的本体材料层原料后用刨平器刨平，接着放置步骤III所得增强材料层上，再将剩余的步骤II得到的本体材料层原料洒入模腔中，用刨平器刨平；
Ⅴ.模压成型
在所有本体材料填充完毕后，在基材层上表面淋入设定重量的防护层液体料，模具加压合模到设计的高度，在60℃下保温50min，待各组份固化成型后开模，并在室温下放置36h，即得。
实施例4
一种聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。
所述木粒长度为10～30mm，宽度1～3mm；所述聚氨酯占本体原料的25％，按照重量份计，所述聚氨酯按照重量份计，包括：
所述聚氨酯木粒板底面设置有第二增强层，所述第二增强层的材料为长短纤维纺织的毡布。
上述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
I.改性木颗粒的准备
上述改性液用水按照1:18进行稀释，在连续喷淋混合设备中将经过稀释的改性液喷淋至预干燥至水分含量10-15％木颗粒中，然后在设定温度为95℃的烘干设备中干燥45分钟至残留水分含量10-15％，分筛后降至常温；
II.本体材料层原料的准备
首先在专门设计的混合器中输入设定量的步骤I得到的改性木颗粒，然后将所述微孔聚氨酯的A、B料采用高压发泡机进行混合并连续投入到混合器中，进行同步搅拌混合50秒出料，即得到本体材料；
III.增强材料层的准备
将长短纤维纺织的毡布，切割成需要的尺寸后，直接在一面涂刷微孔聚氨酯AB混合料。
Ⅳ.模具中置入增强材料和填充本体材料
首先在预热至60℃模具腔内均匀喷涂适量的脱模剂；把步骤III得到的毡布放入模具底部，涂胶面向上；往模腔中酒入定量骤Ⅱ得到的的基材层原料后用刨平器刨平；
Ⅴ.模压成型
在所有本体材料填充完毕后，模具加压合模到设计的高度，在55℃下保温60min，待各组份固化成型后开模，并在室温下放置24h，即得
对比例1
与实施例1相比，本对比例改变木粒的改性时长，分别为10s、20s、30s、40s、60s、2min然后比较得到的聚氨酯的机械强度、阻燃性和防腐性。结果如下表所示：
| 10s | 20s | 30s | 40s | 60s | 2min | |
| 弯曲强度/Mpa | 18.6 | 18.5 | 19.4 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 17.4 |
| 整体弯曲载荷/KN | 22.4 | 24.6 | 25.3 | 25.3 | 24.8 | 24.3 |
| 压缩强度/MPa | 10.5 | 10.5 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 10.5 |
| 冲击强度(kJ/m2) | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
| 握钉力/N/mm | 33.1 | 33.0 | 32.6 | 30.6 | 28.4 | 29.3 |
| 重复握钉力/N/mm | 20.4 | 21.8 | 22.4 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 19.9 |
| 氧指数 | 26.5 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| 防腐性 | 耐腐 | 耐腐 | 强耐腐 | 强耐腐 | 强耐腐 | 强耐腐 |
对比例2
测试本发明以及按照CN 113910732 A公开的方法制备的复合板材、市售欧松板的性能，结果如下表所示：
| 测试项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 复合板材 | 欧松板 |
| 密度(g/cm3) | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.57 |
| 弯曲强度(MPa) | 19.6 | 210 | 200 | 194 | 172 | 7.6 |
| 整体弯曲载荷(KN) | 25 | 62 | 44 | 47 | 42 | 16 |
| 压缩强度(MPa) | 11.5 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 9.2 | 5.3 |
| 冲击强度(摆锤能量50J) | 断 | 不断 | 不断 | 不断 | 不断 | 断 |
| 握钉力(N/mm) | 32.2 | 22.7 | 23.2 | 23.0 | 20.7 | 15.4 |
| 重复握钉力(N/mm) | 22.6 | 14.4 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 11.7 | 12.3 |
| 氧指数 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 26 |
| 吸水厚度膨胀率 | 17.6 | 15.8 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 22.3 | 24.5 |
比较实施例1与实施例2的上表面的打钉后的效果，结果如图1所示，实施例2打钉后表面相较实施例1更平整，更不易起毛刺。
以上所述的实施例仅为阐述性例子，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等同的置换方式，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，包括改性木粒、聚氨酯复合而成；所述改性木粒通过改性液与木粒混合后干燥获得，所述聚氨酯占总重量的15％～25％；所述改性液按照重量份计，包括：水85％～98％、可固化高分子载体0.5％～5.0％、有机防腐防霉剂0.5％～3.0％、高分子阻燃剂1％～5％以及表面活性剂0.2％～3％。
2.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，所述可固化高分子载体为不饱和脂肪酸衍生物，所述有机防腐防霉剂为三唑类杀菌剂、异噻唑啉酮或氨基甲酸酯中的一种或多种；所述高分子阻燃剂以及表面活性剂均为有机硅树脂或纳米硅树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯包括A料与B料，所述A料与B料的重量比为(100～130)：100；所述A料为PAPI或PAPI与改性MDI按照质量比为1～2：1混合而得到的混合物；所述B料按照重量份计，包括多元醇60～80份，阻燃剂10～20份，匀泡剂1～2份，扩链剂0.01～1份，水1.5～2.5份，催化剂0.01～2.2份，稳定剂0.01～1份。
4.根据权利要求1所述聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯木粒板设置有第一增强层和/或第二增强层；所述第一增强层夹设于所述木粒板的中间，所述第二增强层位于木粒板的下表面。
5.根据权利要求4所述聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，所述第一增强层为金属管或植物茎秆；
所述第二增强层为连续纤维增强的PU，或长短纤维纺织的毡、布，或金属板。
6.根据权利要求1或4所述聚氨酯木粒板，其特征在于，所述木粒板的上表面设置有防护层，所述防护层包括预聚体和固化剂，其质量比为100：12～40；所述预聚体组份包括如下重量份数的组分：聚醚多元醇55～80％、甲苯二异氰酸酯20～45％；所述固化剂组份包括如下重量份数的组分：胺类扩链剂10～75％、聚氧化丙烯三元醇0～69％、阻燃剂20～45％、疏水剂5～10％、催化剂0～0.3％、抗氧剂0.3～0.9％。
7.一种权利要求1至6任一项所述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.将木粒进行干燥，使其含水量为3％～15％，将改性液稀释15～25倍后喷淋在木粒表面，喷淋量为干木颗粒重量的10-150％；改性剂与木粒混合0.2～4min；然后再以70～120℃的温度烘干20～100min；
S2.按照配比，将所述A料与B料进行混合，将AB混合液加入到步骤S1得到的改性木粒中，并同时强力搅拌，搅拌时间为30～50s，得到本体原料；
S3.在模具内喷涂脱模剂；
S4.在步骤S3的模具中填入步骤S2得到的本体原料，并压制成型，脱模后即得。
8.根据要求7所述所述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3喷涂脱模剂之后，在所述模具内填入第二增强层；然后再进行步骤S4。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4在填充本体原料过程中填入第一增强层，使第一增强层嵌入本体原料之间。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述聚氨酯木粒板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4填充完本体原料之后，再在本体原料上淋上一层防护层液体料；再压制。
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