CN116278301A - 一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法 - Google Patents

一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法 Download PDF

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CN116278301A
CN116278301A CN202310297880.2A CN202310297880A CN116278301A CN 116278301 A CN116278301 A CN 116278301A CN 202310297880 A CN202310297880 A CN 202310297880A CN 116278301 A CN116278301 A CN 116278301A
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microporous polyurethane
polytetrafluoroethylene
component
polyurethane elastomer
protective structure
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邹美帅
赵志颖
李晓东
江皓
王潇萱
苏醒
王硕
张旭东
吴晓霞
施成旺
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种微孔聚氨酯‑聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法，属于聚氨酯技术领域。包括聚四氟乙烯钠化膜和微孔聚氨酯弹性体，微孔聚氨酯弹性体的上表面通过中温环氧树脂胶膜与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜连接；复合防护结构的上表面均布有半球形凸起；所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜与中温环氧树脂胶膜的接触面、微孔聚氨酯弹性体与中温环氧树脂胶膜的接触面分别经过硅烷偶联剂活化处理；使用时，将所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体的下表面粘贴在被防护物品表面。所述复合防护结构即具有的聚四氟乙烯材料的耐老化性能、耐热性、耐酸碱腐蚀性，又具有闭孔聚氨酯泡沫弹性体的减震吸能性。

Description

一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法，属于聚氨酯技术领域。
背景技术
精密仪器、军用物资及贵重物品在转运过程中会受到颠簸冲击影响，有可能造成物资损坏，而常用的减震设备有金属类弹簧装置、高分子弹性体材料等。金属类减震设备质量大，给运输带来压力。高分子弹性体类材料具有很好的减震吸能作用，具有“空气弹簧”之称，其中，微孔聚氨酯弹性体是一种常用的减震材料，但微孔聚氨酯弹性体减震材料暴露在空气中，会受到光照、酸性、油性等影响，造成性能下降，而金属壳体或组件将其包覆，使其与外界隔离，减少酸性、油性等外部条件对微孔聚氨酯弹性体减震垫的影响，但是金属壳体及组件，结构复杂且增加质量，造成转运操作困难。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，包括聚四氟乙烯钠化膜和微孔聚氨酯弹性体，微孔聚氨酯弹性体的上表面通过中温环氧树脂胶膜与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜连接；复合防护结构的上表面均布有半球形凸起；
所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体的密度为400～500kg/m3、拉伸强度≥0.4MPa、断裂伸长率≥150％、导热系数≤0.06W/(m·K)、单位体积吸能为0.25～0.6J/cm3；
所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜与中温环氧树脂胶膜的接触面、微孔聚氨酯弹性体与中温环氧树脂胶膜的接触面分别经过硅烷偶联剂活化处理；
使用时，将所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体的下表面粘贴在被防护物品表面，所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体的厚度通过以下公式计算得到：
Figure BDA0004143808450000021
其中，d代表微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫厚度，M代表被防护物品的质量，a代表被防护物品可承受碰撞加速度，g代表重力加速度，ρ代表微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的密度，A代表被防护物品与防护结构的接触面面积(即粘接微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫及聚四氟乙烯复合结构材料面面积)，h为下落高度，E为微孔聚氨酯弹性体单位体积吸能量。
进一步的，所述半球形凸起的半径为2～3mm。
进一步的，所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜的厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
进一步的，所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550。
进一步的，所述中温环氧树脂胶膜为耐60～100℃的环氧树脂胶。
进一步的，所述中温环氧树脂胶膜的厚度≤0.5mm。
进一步的，所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体由A组分与B组分反应固化成型得到；
所述A组分由聚醚多元醇、发泡剂、催化剂、开孔剂和填料混合均匀配制而成；所述聚醚多元醇为3官能度5000分子量的高活性聚醚多元醇(EP-330N)和500分子量的高活性聚醚多元醇(MN500)，所述发泡剂为H2O，所述催化剂包含双(二甲氨基乙基)醚(BDMAEE)和二月桂酸二丁基锡(T12)，所述开孔剂为德国赢创公司牌号为B8168的开孔硅油，所述填料为活性碳纤维；
以A组分的原料总质量为100份计，各组分的质量份数为：EP-330N 50～60份，MN500 30～40份，H2O 0.33～0.39份，BDMAEE 0.16～0.18份，T12 0.020～0.024份，开孔硅油1.00～1.30份，活性碳纤维6～10份；
所述B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI；
B组分含有的-NCO基团与A组分含有的活泼-H的摩尔比为0.85～0.95:1.00。A组分中的活泼-H为多元醇-OH中的活泼-H和H2O中活泼-H之和。
进一步的，以A组分的原料总质量为100份计，各组分的质量份数为：EP-330N 53～57份，MN500 34～38份，H2O 0.35～0.37份，BDMAEE 0.16～0.17份，T12 0.022～0.024份，开孔硅油1.10～1.20份，活性碳纤维7～8份。
进一步的，B组分含有的-NCO基团与A组分含有的活泼-H的摩尔比为0.90～0.95:1.00。
进一步的，固化成型方法为：先将A组分预热至35±2℃、B组分预热至45±2℃，然后将预热后的A组分和预热后的B组分浇注到预热至65±5℃的模具中，在60～70℃下固化成型，得到所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
本发明所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构的成型方法，方法步骤包括：
(1)将中温环氧树脂加热熔融成液态胶液，搅拌均匀真空脱泡后，倒入胶膜机胶槽中，并在涂膜机上成膜，得到中温环氧树脂胶膜；
(2)聚四氟乙烯钠化膜活化面涂硅烷偶联剂，将所述中温环氧树脂胶膜与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜活化面加压复合，得到聚四氟乙烯钠化膜-中温环氧树脂胶膜复合膜；
(3)将所述复合膜裁剪成要求尺寸，铺设到成型模具下模内，将微孔聚氨酯弹性体上表面涂硅烷偶联剂并放入成型模具上模内；合模，中温环氧树脂胶膜与微孔聚氨酯弹性体上表面接触；下模上设有半球形凹坑；
(4)将成型模具放入压机上100±5℃下加压至0.4～0.6MPa，保温保压4h以上，脱模，得到一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构。
有益效果
本发明提供了一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合结构，即具有的聚四氟乙烯材料的耐老化性能、耐热性、耐酸碱腐蚀性，又具有微孔聚氨酯泡沫弹性体的减震吸能性。一方面有效的替代金属壳体或组件包裹微孔聚氨酯弹性体使其与外界隔离，避免转运困难问题；另一方面比金属弹簧类减震组件结构简单、耐腐蚀性强。
本发明提供了一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合结构，具有很好的耐久性及减震吸能性，可直接用于或粘接到精密仪器、军用物资及贵重物品外包装上，减缓颠簸等冲击对精密仪器、军用物资及贵重物品的损伤。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合结构的结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述复合结构的成型模具结构示意图。
其中，1-聚四氟乙烯钠化膜，2-耐高温粘接剂膜，3-微孔聚氨酯弹性体，4-下模，5-上模，6-定位销，7-调节高度垫块，8-锁紧螺栓，9-组合块。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，包括聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1和微孔聚氨酯弹性体3，微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的上表面通过中温环氧树脂胶膜2与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1连接；复合防护结构的上表面均布有半球形凸起；
所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1与耐高温粘接剂膜2的接触面、微孔聚氨酯弹性体3与耐高温粘接剂膜2的接触面分别经过硅烷偶联剂活化处理；
所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1的性能如下表1所示：
表1
Figure BDA0004143808450000051
所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的性能要求如下表2所示：
表2
Figure BDA0004143808450000052
Figure BDA0004143808450000061
使用时，将所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的下表面粘贴在被防护物品表面，所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的厚度通过以下公式计算得到：
Figure BDA0004143808450000062
其中，d代表微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫厚度，M代表被防护物品的质量，a代表被防护物品可承受碰撞加速度，g代表重力加速度，ρ代表微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的密度，A代表被防护物品底面面积(即粘接聚氨酯泡沫及聚四氟乙烯复合结构材料面面积)，h为下落高度，E为微孔聚氨酯弹性体单位体积吸能量。
所述半球形凸起的半径为2～3mm。
所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1的厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550。
所述中温环氧树脂胶膜2为耐60～100℃的环氧树脂胶。
所述中温环氧树脂胶膜2的厚度≤0.5mm。
成型时：
(1)将中温环氧树脂在60～70℃下加热30min熔融成液态胶液，搅拌均匀真空脱泡后，倒入胶膜机胶槽中，并在涂膜机上成膜，得到中温环氧树脂胶膜2；
(2)聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1活化面涂硅烷偶联剂KH550，将所述中温环氧树脂胶膜2与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜1活化面加压复合，得到聚四氟乙烯钠化膜-中温环氧树脂胶膜复合膜；
(3)将所述复合膜裁剪成要求尺寸，铺设到成型模具下模4内，将微孔聚氨酯弹性体3上表面涂硅烷偶联剂KH550并放入成型模具上模5内；合模，中温环氧树脂胶膜2与微孔聚氨酯弹性体3上表面接触；下模4上设有半球形凹坑；使用前对模具进行清理，并涂2～3遍脱模剂；
(4)将成型模具放入压机上100±5℃下加压至0.4～0.6MPa，保温保压4h，脱模，得到一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构。
实施例1
本实施例中，微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的固化成型工艺如下：
将55份EP-330N、35.2份MN500、0.38份H2O、0.18份BDMAEE、0.02份T12、1.22份开孔硅油以及8份活性碳纤维混合均匀获得A组分。B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI。按照B组分中-NCO基团与A组分中活泼-H的摩尔比为0.92:1.00，将预热至35℃的A组分和预热至45℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，按单位模具体积注入400kg的混合料计算投料量，浇注到预热至65℃的模具中，模具能够锁死，不会因物料膨胀影响模腔内的体积。再将注入混合料的模具置于65℃下固化10min，混合料膨胀成型后充满模具，在模具中成型密度为400kg/m3的微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
本实施例中，微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的固化成型工艺如下：
将55份EP-330N、35.4份MN500、0.33份H2O、0.17份BDMAEE、0.02份T12、1.08份开孔硅油以及8份活性碳纤维混合均匀获得A组分。B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI。按照B组分中-NCO基团与A组分中活泼-H的摩尔比为0.93:1.00，将预热至35℃的A组分和预热至45℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，按单位模具体积注入500kg的混合料计算投料量，浇注到预热至65℃的模具中，模具能够锁死，不会因物料膨胀影响模腔内的体积。再将注入混合料的模具置于65℃下固化10min，混合料膨胀成型后充满模具，在模具中成型密度为500kg/m3的微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1
本对比例中，微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的固化成型工艺如下：
将55份EP-330N、35.2份MN500、0.39份H2O、0.18份BDMAEE、0.02份T12、1.21份开孔硅油以及8份活性碳纤维混合均匀获得A组分。B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI。按照B组分中-NCO基团与A组分中活泼-H的摩尔比为0.92:1.00，将预热至35℃的A组分和预热至45℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，按单位模具体积注入350kg的混合料计算投料量，浇注到预热至65℃的模具中，模具能够锁死，不会因物料膨胀影响模腔内的体积。再将注入混合料的模具置于65℃下固化10min，混合料膨胀成型后充满模具，在模具中成型密度为350kg/m3的微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例2
本对比例中，微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的固化成型工艺如下：
将65份EP-330N、25.2份MN500、0.38份H2O、0.18份BDMAEE、0.022份T12、1.218份开孔硅油以及8份活性碳纤维混合均匀获得A组分。B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI。按照B组分中-NCO基团与A组分中活泼-H的摩尔比为0.92:1.00，将预热至35℃的A组分和预热至45℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，按单位模具体积注入400kg的混合料计算投料量，浇注到预热至65℃的模具中，模具能够锁死，不会因物料膨胀影响模腔内的体积。再将注入混合料的模具置于65℃下固化10min，混合料膨胀成型后充满模具，在模具中成型密度为400kg/m3的微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例3
本对比例中，微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的固化成型工艺如下：
将57份EP-330N、36.2份MN500、0.39份H2O、0.18份BDMAEE、0.02份T12、1.21份开孔硅油以及5份活性碳纤维混合均匀获得A组分。B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI。按照B组分中-NCO基团与A组分中活泼-H的摩尔比为0.92:1.00，将预热至35℃的A组分和预热至45℃的B组分经双组分聚氨酯浇注机混合均匀后，按单位模具体积注入400kg的混合料计算投料量，浇注到预热至65℃的模具中，模具能够锁死，不会因物料膨胀影响模腔内的体积。再将注入混合料的模具置于65℃下固化10min，混合料膨胀成型后充满模具，在模具中成型密度为400kg/m3的微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例及对比例中所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体3的性能结果如下表3所示。
表3
Figure BDA0004143808450000091
由于对比例1-2中微孔聚氨酯弹性体的性能不满足防护要求，导致最终得到的复合防护结构防护效果较差。
综上所述，发明包括但不限于以上实施例，凡是在本发明的精神和原则之下进行的任何等同替换或局部改进，都将视为在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：包括聚四氟乙烯钠化膜(1)和微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)，微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)的上表面通过中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜(1)连接；复合防护结构的上表面均布有半球形凸起；
所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)的密度为400～500kg/m3、拉伸强度≥0.4MPa、断裂伸长率≥150％、导热系数≤0.06W/(m·K)、单位体积吸能为0.25～0.6J/cm3；
所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜(1)与中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)的接触面、微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)与中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)的接触面分别经过硅烷偶联剂活化处理；
使用时，将所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)的下表面粘贴在被防护物品表面，所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)的厚度通过以下公式计算得到：
Figure FDA0004143808440000011
其中，d代表微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫厚度，M代表被防护物品的质量，a代表被防护物品可承受碰撞加速度，g代表重力加速度，ρ代表微孔聚氨酯弹性体泡沫的密度，A代表被防护物品与防护结构的接触面面积，h为下落高度，E为微孔聚氨酯弹性体单位体积吸能量。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：所述半球形凸起的半径为2～3mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：所述聚四氟乙烯钠化膜(1)的厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：所述中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)为耐60～100℃的环氧树脂胶。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：所述中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)的厚度≤0.5mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)由A组分与B组分反应固化成型得到；
所述A组分由聚醚多元醇、发泡剂、催化剂、开孔剂和填料混合均匀配制而成；所述聚醚多元醇为EP-330N和MN500，所述发泡剂为H2O，所述催化剂为BDMAEE和T12，所述开孔剂为德国赢创公司牌号为B8168的开孔硅油，所述填料为活性碳纤维；
以A组分的原料总质量为100份计，各组分的质量份数为：EP-330N 50～60份，MN500 30～40份，H2O 0.33～0.39份，BDMAEE 0.16～0.18份，T12 0.020～0.024份，开孔硅油1.00～1.30份，活性碳纤维6～10份；
所述B组分为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI；
B组分含有的-NCO基团与A组分含有的活泼-H的摩尔比为0.85～0.95:1.00。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：以A组分的原料总质量为100份计，各组分的质量份数为：EP-330N 53～57份，MN500 34～38份，H2O 0.35～0.37份，BDMAEE 0.16～0.17份，T12 0.022～0.024份，开孔硅油1.10～1.20份，活性碳纤维7～8份。
B组分含有的-NCO基团与A组分含有的活泼-H的摩尔比为0.90～0.95:1.00。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构，其特征在于：固化成型方法为：先将A组分预热至35±2℃、B组分预热至45±2℃，然后将预热后的A组分和预热后的B组分浇注到预热至65±5℃的模具中，在60～70℃下固化成型，得到所述微孔聚氨酯弹性体。
10.一种如权利要求1～9任意一项所述的微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构的成型方法，其特征在于：方法步骤包括：
(1)将中温环氧树脂加热熔融成液态胶液，搅拌均匀真空脱泡后，倒入胶膜机胶槽中，并在涂膜机上成膜，得到中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)；
(2)聚四氟乙烯钠化膜(1)活化面涂硅烷偶联剂，将所述中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)与聚四氟乙烯钠化膜(1)活化面加压复合，得到聚四氟乙烯钠化膜-中温环氧树脂胶膜复合膜；
(3)将所述复合膜裁剪成要求尺寸，铺设到成型模具下模内，将微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)上表面涂硅烷偶联剂并放入成型模具上模内；合模，中温环氧树脂胶膜(2)与微孔聚氨酯弹性体(3)上表面接触；下模上设有半球形凹坑；
(4)将成型模具放入压机上100±5℃下加压至0.4～0.6MPa，保温保压4h以上，脱模，得到一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构。
CN202310297880.2A 2023-03-24 2023-03-24 一种微孔聚氨酯-聚四氟乙烯复合防护结构及其成型方法 Pending CN116278301A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117603617A (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-02-27 广州市晶邦密封技术有限公司 一种聚四氟乙烯的表面活化处理方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117603617A (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-02-27 广州市晶邦密封技术有限公司 一种聚四氟乙烯的表面活化处理方法
CN117603617B (zh) * 2024-01-23 2024-03-26 广州市晶邦密封技术有限公司 一种聚四氟乙烯的表面活化处理方法

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