CN116276665A - Jet cutting device and jet cutting method - Google Patents

Jet cutting device and jet cutting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116276665A
CN116276665A CN202310158811.3A CN202310158811A CN116276665A CN 116276665 A CN116276665 A CN 116276665A CN 202310158811 A CN202310158811 A CN 202310158811A CN 116276665 A CN116276665 A CN 116276665A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
liquid nitrogen
abrasive
flow path
carrier gas
jet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310158811.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张显
朴君
韩新梅
王荣东
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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China Institute of Atomic of Energy
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Publication date
Application filed by China Institute of Atomic of Energy filed Critical China Institute of Atomic of Energy
Priority to CN202310158811.3A priority Critical patent/CN116276665A/en
Publication of CN116276665A publication Critical patent/CN116276665A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
    • B24C7/0076Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier the blasting medium being a liquid stream

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a jet cutting device and a jet cutting method. The jet cutting device comprises: a cutting head provided with a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet; a liquid nitrogen flow path connected with the first inlet of the cutting head and used for providing liquid nitrogen into the cutting head; a carrier gas flow path connected to the second inlet of the cutting head for providing carrier gas; and the abrasive supply part is used for supplying the abrasive into the carrier gas flow path so that the abrasive is carried by the carrier gas into the cutting head to be mixed with the liquid nitrogen and then sprayed outwards from the outlet to form liquid nitrogen abrasive jet. According to the jet cutting device and the jet cutting method, in the cutting process, a large amount of heat can be prevented from being generated, sodium risks such as sodium fire are avoided, and the jet cutting device and the jet cutting method can be applied to cutting of sodium equipment and pipelines.

Description

Jet cutting device and jet cutting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of jet cutting, in particular to a jet cutting device and a jet cutting method.
Background
Sodium-cooled fast reactor can produce a large amount of sodium-related equipment and pipeline in retirement, and for some sodium-related equipment and pipeline that are great, the shape is complicated, in order to be convenient for handle, need cut the disintegration to it. Because the chemical property of sodium is very active, a great amount of heat can be generated in the cutting process of saw cutting, flame cutting, laser cutting and other thermal cutting modes, and meanwhile, the phenomena of melting, flowing, open fire, splashing and the like of sodium are accompanied, so that the risk of sodium fire is high.
At present, the cold cutting technology represented by high-pressure abrasive water jet cutting can effectively avoid the problem of generating a large amount of heat in the cutting process, but the technology can not be applied to the cutting of sodium-related equipment and pipelines because water and sodium react violently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the application provides a jet cutting device and a jet cutting method, which adopt liquid nitrogen jet to replace water jet and can be applied to cutting sodium-related equipment and pipelines.
According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a jet cutting device comprising: a cutting head provided with a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet; a liquid nitrogen flow path connected with the first inlet of the cutting head and used for providing liquid nitrogen into the cutting head; a carrier gas flow path connected to the second inlet of the cutting head for providing carrier gas; and the abrasive supply part is used for supplying the abrasive into the carrier gas flow path so that the abrasive is carried by the carrier gas into the cutting head to be mixed with the liquid nitrogen and then sprayed outwards from the outlet to form liquid nitrogen abrasive jet.
According to a second aspect of the present application there is provided a jet cutting method, implemented with an apparatus as in the first aspect of the present application, the method comprising: precooling: supplying low-pressure liquid nitrogen into the cutting head by utilizing a liquid nitrogen flow path; cutting: the high-pressure liquid nitrogen is supplied to the cutting head by a liquid nitrogen flow path, and then the carrier gas carries the abrasive into the cutting head to be mixed with the liquid nitrogen, and the mixture is sprayed outwards from an outlet to form liquid nitrogen abrasive jet.
According to the jet cutting device and the jet cutting method, in the cutting process, a large amount of heat can be prevented from being generated, sodium risks such as sodium fire are avoided, and the jet cutting device and the jet cutting method can be applied to cutting of sodium equipment and pipelines.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which provide a thorough understanding of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a jet cutting device according to one embodiment of the invention;
figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a cutting head according to one embodiment of the present invention.
It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, but are merely shown in a schematic manner that does not affect the reader's understanding.
Reference numerals illustrate:
11. a liquid nitrogen flow path; 12. a cryogenic fluid pump; 13. a liquid nitrogen container;
21. a carrier gas flow path; 22. a pressurizing section; 23. a nitrogen container; 24. an abrasive container; 25. an abrasive outlet channel, 26, a screw; 27. an abrasive pipe; 28. a one-way valve;
31. a mechanical arm; 32. a support part;
41. a cutting head; 411. an end face; 412. a cylinder; 413. a cone; 414. an outlet; 415. a first inlet; 416. a second inlet;
51. and a control system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are one embodiment, but not all embodiments, of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a jet cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the cutting head 41, the liquid nitrogen flow path 11, the carrier gas flow path 21, and the abrasive supply section. The cutting head 41 is provided with a first inlet 415, a second inlet 416 and an outlet 414. The liquid nitrogen flow path 11 is connected to the first inlet 415 of the cutting head 41 for supplying liquid nitrogen into the cutting head 41. The carrier gas flow path 21 is connected to the second inlet 416 of the cutter head 41 for supplying carrier gas. The abrasive supply section is used to supply an abrasive into the carrier gas flow path 21 to carry the abrasive by the carrier gas into the cutting head 41 to be mixed with liquid nitrogen and then to be ejected outward from the outlet 414 to form a liquid nitrogen abrasive jet.
The liquid nitrogen and the abrasive are fully mixed in the cutting head 41, and are sprayed out from the outlet 414 under the action of high pressure to form continuous liquid nitrogen abrasive mixed jet flow with cutting capability, and the continuous liquid nitrogen abrasive mixed jet flow acts on sodium-related equipment to complete cutting. Therefore, the jet cutting device provided by the embodiment of the application can avoid generating a large amount of heat in the cutting process due to the fact that liquid nitrogen jet is adopted to carry abrasive materials for cutting, and avoid sodium risks such as sodium fire and the like, and can be applied to cutting of sodium-related equipment and pipelines.
Further, in the related art, the abrasive supply part is directly connected to the cutting head 41, and the abrasive is sucked by entrainment of the jet flow so that the abrasive and the jet flow are directly mixed in the cutting head 41 (i.e., the abrasive is not mixed with the jet flow by the carrier gas). The inventors of the present application found that for such mixing, the abrasive cannot enter the jet center, thereby greatly affecting the cutting effect. Furthermore, in other related art, the abrasive is directly connected to the piping for supplying the jet liquid through the screw 26, that is, the abrasive and the jet liquid are directly mixed in the piping. With such a mixing mode, the inventors of the present application found that it was difficult for the abrasive to uniformly mix with the jet liquid due to the large resistance of the jet liquid. The inventors of the present application have further found that, since the gas resistance is smaller than the liquid resistance, if the abrasive is mixed with the gas first, the mixing effect of the abrasive and the gas can be improved, and then the abrasive carried by the gas is mixed with the liquid, the mixing effect of the abrasive and the jet liquid can be improved, thereby greatly improving the jet cutting effect.
Further, in the embodiment of the application, the carrier gas is used to carry the abrasive into the cutting head 41 to be mixed with the liquid nitrogen, so that on one hand, the mixing effect of the abrasive and the liquid nitrogen can be improved, the abrasive is more uniformly mixed in the liquid nitrogen, and the jet cutting effect is improved; on the other hand, the carrier gas carrying the abrasive and the liquid nitrogen are directly sprayed outward from the outlet 414 after being mixed into the cutting head 41, simplifying the structure of the cutting head 41.
The abrasive may be a mixture of one or more of garnet, silica, and diamond.
According to the jet flow cutting device, liquid nitrogen which does not react with sodium is used as a carrier, garnet, silicon dioxide, diamond and other hard particles are used as abrasive materials, after being mixed according to a certain proportion, liquid nitrogen abrasive material mixed jet flow is formed under the action of high pressure, and then the liquid nitrogen abrasive material mixed jet flow acts on equipment or a pipeline to be cut, so that the cutting of the large-caliber sodium filling equipment and the pipeline is completed.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, cutting head 41 includes a face 411, a barrel 412 that interfaces with face 411, and a cone 413 that interfaces with barrel 412, with the larger diameter port of cone 413 interfacing with barrel 412 and the smaller diameter port of cone 413 forming outlet 414. In such an embodiment, the cutting head 41 is very simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and the carrier gas flow path 21 carrying the abrasive and the liquid nitrogen flow path 11 can be well mixed inside the cutting head 41.
In some embodiments, the first inlet 415 and the second inlet 416 are disposed radially opposite the end face 411. Since the end face 411 is opposite to the outlet 414, the first inlet 415 and the second inlet 416 are disposed on the end face 411 in a radial direction, so that the jet flow velocity is not reduced, turbulence is not caused, and meanwhile, when two paths of fluid enter the cylinder 412 and expand in volume and flow outwards along the outlet 414 of the cone 413, the two paths of fluid are well mixed.
It will be readily appreciated that in the present embodiment, the interior space of barrel 412 corresponds to providing a mixing chamber that allows for thorough mixing of the abrasive-laden carrier gas flow path 21 and liquid nitrogen jet flow path 11, and the interior space of taper 413 corresponds to providing a nozzle that allows the abrasive-laden jet to be ejected outwardly.
It will be readily appreciated that the inner diameter of the barrel 412 of the cutting head 41 is greater than the inner diameters of the first inlet 415, the second inlet 416, and the outlet 414. The inner diameters of the first inlet 415 and the second inlet 416 may be the same. The inner diameter of the cylinder 412 may be, for example, 2 times or more the inner diameter of the first inlet 415. Further, the inner diameter of the cylinder 412 may be, for example, 3 times or more the inner diameter of the first inlet 415 to further enhance the mixing effect of the jet and the abrasive.
In some embodiments, the jet cutting device further comprises: a cryogenic fluid pump 12 is provided in the liquid nitrogen flow path 11 for adjusting the pressure of the liquid nitrogen flow path.
The jet cutting device further comprises: and a liquid nitrogen container 13 connected to the liquid nitrogen flow path 11 for supplying liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen flow path 11. Cryogenic fluid pump 12 is used to pressurize liquid nitrogen from liquid nitrogen container 13 so that it forms a jet of liquid nitrogen.
The abrasive supply may include: an abrasive container 24 and a screw 26. The bottom of the abrasive container 24 is provided with an abrasive outlet 414 passage 25, and the abrasive outlet 414 passage 25 communicates with the carrier gas flow path 21 through an abrasive pipe 27. A screw 26 is disposed in the abrasive outlet 414 passageway 25 for pushing the abrasive in the abrasive container 24 into the abrasive conduit 27 for mixing with the carrier gas. The mass flow rate of the whole abrasive delivery can be regulated by the rotational speed of the screw 26.
In some embodiments, the jet cutting device further comprises: the pressurizing part 22 is arranged on the carrier gas flow path 21 and is used for pressurizing the carrier gas to the pressure range which is basically the same as that of the liquid nitrogen so as to improve the mixing effect of the carrier gas and the liquid nitrogen jet flow.
In some embodiments, the jet cutting device further comprises: the nitrogen container 23 is connected to the carrier gas flow path 21, and supplies nitrogen to the carrier gas flow path 21. The pressurizing unit 22 pressurizes the nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas container 23. The pressurizing portion 22 may be a gas pressurizer.
The liquid nitrogen flow path 11 can be provided with a valve, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge, a heat preservation layer and the like, and the main functions are to keep liquid nitrogen in a liquid state and obtain parameters of the liquid nitrogen flow path. The portion of the liquid nitrogen flow path 11 connected to the cutting head 41 may be a flexible line so as to follow the movement of the cutting head 41.
A valve, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge, etc. may also be provided on the carrier gas flow path 21 to realize that the carrier gas carries the abrasive into the cutting head 41 and obtains parameters of the carrier gas flow path, and provides the abrasive for the liquid nitrogen abrasive mixed jet. The portion of the line connecting the carrier gas flow path 21 with the cutting head 41 may also be a flexible line so as to follow the movement of the cutting head 41. The carrier gas flow path 21 may also be provided with a check valve 28 provided downstream of the junction of the abrasive pipe 27 and the carrier gas flow path 21 (i.e., on the mixing pipe where the abrasive and carrier are mixed) for preventing the fluid containing liquid nitrogen from flowing reversely along the carrier gas flow path 21 from the cutting head 41.
The jet cutting device further comprises: a moving part connected to the cutting head 41 for carrying the cutting head 41 to move. In some embodiments, the moving portion may include a driving portion that drives the cutting head 41 to move along a slide rail, and the like. In some embodiments, the motion portion may be a robotic arm 31. The robot arm 31 may have a plurality of degrees of freedom. The arm 31 can perform translational movement, inversion movement, flexion-extension movement, pitching movement, and the like. The cutting head 41 may be flexibly connected to the robot arm 31 by a stainless steel hose to facilitate the movement of the robot arm 31.
The jet cutting device further comprises: a support portion 32, and the arm 31 is connected to the support portion 32.
The jet cutting device further comprises: the control system 51 is configured to control the pressure of the liquid nitrogen flow path 11, the pressure of the carrier gas flow path 21, and the mass flow rate of the abrasive in the carrier gas flow path 21. The control system 51 can adjust the pressure, flow rate of the liquid nitrogen jet and the mass flow rate of the abrasive to adjust the performance parameters of the high pressure abrasive liquid nitrogen jet. The control system 51 may also adjust the process parameters such as cutting distance, cutting speed, angle, etc. by controlling the movement of the robotic arm 31.
The jet cutting device of this application embodiment can adopt sled dress formula structure to the bulk movement of being convenient for.
The embodiment of the application also provides a jet cutting method which is realized by using the jet cutting device. The jet cutting method comprises the following steps: precooling: low-pressure liquid nitrogen is supplied into the cutting head 41 by the liquid nitrogen flow path 11; cutting: the high-pressure liquid nitrogen is supplied to the cutting head 41 through the liquid nitrogen flow path 11, and then the carrier gas carries the abrasive into the cutting head 41 to be mixed with the liquid nitrogen, and the mixture is sprayed outwards from the outlet 414 to form a liquid nitrogen abrasive jet.
In the pre-cooling step, a valve on the liquid nitrogen flow path 11 can be opened, and the control system 51 starts the low-temperature fluid pump 12 to operate for a period of time with a small flow rate of 2L/min, so that the liquid nitrogen pipeline, the mixing bin and the nozzle reach a low-temperature state. Subsequently, in the cutting step, the pressure of the liquid nitrogen is raised, forming a jet of liquid nitrogen.
In the cutting step, the pressure of the liquid nitrogen jet can be adjusted within the pressure range of more than 50MPa, and the mass flow of the abrasive is adjusted within the mass flow range of 0.05-0.2kg/s, so that the formed abrasive jet has the capability of cutting stainless steel pipelines.
When the pipeline is cut, the liquid nitrogen abrasive jet ejected by the cutting head 41 fixed on the mechanical arm 31 can vertically act on the pipeline by controlling the movement of the mechanical arm 31, the distance between the outlet 414 of the cutting head 41 and the pipeline is adjusted within the range of 3mm-10mm, and the cutting is completed after the mechanical arm 31 is operated to wind the pipeline for a circle at the cutting speed of 10mm/min-20 mm/min.
The method of cutting the large-caliber pipe on both sides of the valve by using the jet cutting device will be described below in connection with the specific case of detaching the large-caliber sodium valve from the sodium circuit.
(1) And dismantling the large-caliber sodium valve and the heat preservation layers on the two sides, so that sodium in the pipeline is gradually solidified, and the bottom of the large-caliber sodium valve is stably supported, so that the sodium valve is prevented from falling after cutting is finished.
(2) The sodium related device cutting device is arranged at a reasonable position on one side of the valve, so that the movable range of the mechanical arm 31 covers the large-caliber pipeline.
(3) The valve on the liquid nitrogen jet flow path 11 is opened, the low-temperature fluid pump 12 is started through the control system 51, the liquid nitrogen jet flow path 11 and the cutting head 41 are enabled to reach a low-temperature state by running for a period of time at a small flow rate of 2L/min, and then the pressure of liquid nitrogen is raised to form liquid nitrogen jet flow.
(4) The valves of the nitrogen pipeline and the grinding material pipeline 27 are opened, the mass flow rate of grinding material conveying is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the screw 26, and after being pressurized by the gas booster, the nitrogen is used as carrier gas to convey the grinding material to the cutting head 41, and the carrier gas is mixed with liquid nitrogen to form liquid nitrogen grinding material jet flow.
(5) The pressure of the liquid nitrogen jet flow is regulated within the pressure range of more than 50MPa, and the mass flow of the abrasive is regulated within the mass flow range of 0.05-0.2kg/s, so that the formed abrasive jet flow has the capability of cutting stainless steel pipelines.
(6) By controlling the movement of the mechanical arm 31, the liquid nitrogen abrasive jet flow sprayed out of the outlet 414 fixed on the mechanical arm 31 vertically acts on the pipeline, the distance between the outlet 414 and the pipeline is adjusted within the range of 3mm-10mm, parameters such as 10mm/min-20mm/min, cutting speed and the like are adjusted, and the mechanical arm 31 is operated to complete cutting after winding the pipeline for one circle.
(7) Repeating the steps to finish the cutting of the pipeline on the other side of the large-caliber valve.
(8) And transferring the disassembled valve to a temporary storage facility, cleaning and collecting sodium polluted by cuttings, abrasive materials and the like near the pipeline cut, treating the sodium as waste alkali metal, and then sealing the pipeline cut. And after the operation is finished, cleaning the field environment.
It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the features of the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments without conflict.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A jet cutting device comprising:
the cutting head is provided with a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet;
a liquid nitrogen flow path connected with the first inlet of the cutting head and used for providing liquid nitrogen into the cutting head;
a carrier gas flow path connected to the second inlet of the cutting head for providing carrier gas; and
and the abrasive supply part is used for supplying the abrasive into the carrier gas flow path so that the abrasive is carried by the carrier gas, enters the cutting head, is mixed with the liquid nitrogen, and is sprayed outwards from the outlet to form a liquid nitrogen abrasive jet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cutting head comprises an end face, a barrel interfacing with the end face, and a cone interfacing with the barrel, a larger diameter port of the cone interfacing with the barrel, a smaller diameter port of the cone forming the outlet.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first inlet and the second inlet are disposed diametrically opposite the end face.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the low-temperature fluid pump is arranged on the liquid nitrogen flow path and used for adjusting the pressure of the liquid nitrogen jet flow.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and a pressurizing unit provided in the carrier gas flow path for pressurizing the carrier gas to a pressure range substantially equal to the pressure range of the liquid nitrogen jet.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the abrasive supply comprises:
an abrasive container, the bottom of which is provided with an abrasive outlet channel which is communicated with the carrier gas flow path through an abrasive pipeline, and
the screw rod is arranged in the abrasive outlet channel and used for pushing the abrasive in the abrasive container into the abrasive pipeline to be mixed with the carrier gas.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the moving part is connected with the cutting head and used for carrying the cutting head to move.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the motion portion is a robotic arm.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
the liquid nitrogen container is connected with the liquid nitrogen flow path and is used for supplying liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen flow path;
a nitrogen container connected to the carrier gas flow path for supplying nitrogen to the carrier gas flow path; and/or
A control system configured to control the pressure of the liquid nitrogen flow path, the pressure of the carrier gas flow path, and the mass flow rate of the abrasive in the carrier gas flow path.
10. A jet cutting method, implemented with the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
precooling: supplying low-pressure liquid nitrogen into the cutting head by using the liquid nitrogen flow path;
cutting: and supplying high-pressure liquid nitrogen into the cutting head by using the liquid nitrogen flow path, carrying the abrasive by using the carrier gas into the cutting head, mixing with the liquid nitrogen, and then spraying the mixture outwards from the outlet to form liquid nitrogen abrasive jet.
CN202310158811.3A 2023-02-14 2023-02-14 Jet cutting device and jet cutting method Pending CN116276665A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310158811.3A CN116276665A (en) 2023-02-14 2023-02-14 Jet cutting device and jet cutting method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310158811.3A CN116276665A (en) 2023-02-14 2023-02-14 Jet cutting device and jet cutting method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116276665A true CN116276665A (en) 2023-06-23

Family

ID=86782647

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310158811.3A Pending CN116276665A (en) 2023-02-14 2023-02-14 Jet cutting device and jet cutting method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116276665A (en)

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