CN116275446B - Anti-deformation diffusion welding method for silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material - Google Patents
Anti-deformation diffusion welding method for silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116275446B CN116275446B CN202310386570.8A CN202310386570A CN116275446B CN 116275446 B CN116275446 B CN 116275446B CN 202310386570 A CN202310386570 A CN 202310386570A CN 116275446 B CN116275446 B CN 116275446B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-deformation diffusion welding method of a silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material, which mainly comprises the following steps: modeling, adding initial boundary conditions, establishing diffusion welding simulation working conditions, and determining the basic deformation of a workpiece after the initial geometric model passes through the diffusion welding simulation working conditions under the initial boundary conditions; and adding condition compensation on the basis of the initial geometric model and the initial boundary condition to obtain processing conditions, entity processing and the like meeting the requirements. The deformation of the workpiece is researched by a geometric modeling and numerical simulation method, and the machining conditions meeting the requirements are obtained through increasing condition compensation, so that the workpiece meeting the requirements can be machined at one time, and the machining yield of the workpiece is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material welding, in particular to an anti-deformation diffusion welding method for a silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material.
Background
Diffusion welding is a welding process that is integrally heated. Under vacuum condition, the temperature of the heating belt applies heat to the workpiece in the form of heat radiation, the pressure device applies pressure to the workpiece, and the workpiece completes the diffusion connection process under the combined action of the temperature and the pressure. The silicon-aluminum diffusion welding is a process of forming a stable welding interface on the contact surface of two workpieces under the action of temperature and pressure, and is mainly used in the fields of aerospace, satellites and the like.
However, silicon aluminum and aluminum alloys have different coefficients of thermal expansion and undergo different thermal deformations due to the heat source. The yield strength of the silicon aluminum alloy is different from that of the aluminum alloy, and the deformation amount generated under the same pressure load is different. Under the influence of various conditions such as temperature, pressure, dissimilar materials and the like, the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces can deform after diffusion welding, and the deformation is obviously different from the welding deformation of the same material.
Currently, the whole heat welding method has few reports on the aspect of reverse deformation, especially on the aspect of whole heat welding of dissimilar materials, and basically has no report on the aspect of reverse deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the technical defect of the diffusion welding deformation of a silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material in the prior art, and provides an anti-deformation diffusion welding method of the silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an anti-deformation diffusion welding method of a silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: modeling;
establishing an initial geometric model of the silicon-aluminum and aluminum alloy diffusion welding workpiece; performing hexahedral mesh division on the initial geometric model, and setting material performance parameters;
step 2: adding an initial boundary condition;
step 3: establishing a diffusion welding simulation working condition; determining the basic deformation of the workpiece after the initial geometric model passes through the diffusion welding simulation working condition under the initial boundary condition;
step 4: adding condition compensation on the basis of the initial geometric model and the initial boundary condition, and re-executing the operation of the step 1-3 to obtain compensation condition deformation; changing the numerical value of the condition compensation until the deformation of the obtained compensation condition meets the workpiece requirement, and determining the processing condition;
step 5: the actual silicon-aluminum/aluminum alloy diffusion welding process is performed using the processing conditions.
In the above technical solution, in step 1, in the initial geometric model, an air vent is provided at an aluminum alloy portion.
In the above technical solution, the hexahedral mesh is an uneven mesh; the contact positions of the aluminum alloy and the silicon aluminum and the positions of the exhaust holes use denser grids, and the rest positions use relatively loose grids.
Wherein, the contact position of the aluminum alloy and the silicon aluminum is not less than 3 grids in the thickness direction of the silicon aluminum; the silicon aluminum is at least 2 grids away from the edge of the aluminum alloy single side in the thickness direction; the shape of the exhaust hole is square or round; at the position of the square exhaust hole, the single side is not less than 2 grids; at the positions of the circular exhaust holes, the positions of the circular edges are not less than 4 grids; the density of the rest position grids is 0.2-0.25 times of the thickness dimension of the workpiece.
In the above technical solution, the material performance parameters include a thermophysical parameter and a mechanical parameter.
In the above technical solution, the thermophysical parameters include heat conduction coefficient, specific heat capacity, emissivity and density;
the mechanical parameters include Young's modulus, poisson's ratio, yield strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
In the above technical solution, in step 2, the initial boundary conditions include a thermal boundary condition and a mechanical boundary condition;
the thermal boundary conditions refer to temperature conditions of the workpiece at different moments;
wherein, the temperature of the workpiece rises from room temperature to 560-580 ℃ in the temperature rising stage, and the workpiece temperature rises along with the time extension of the stage; the temperature of the workpiece is kept unchanged at 560-580 ℃ in the heat preservation and pressurization stage; a workpiece cooling stage, wherein the temperature of the workpiece is reduced from the highest temperature of 560-580 ℃ to room temperature, and the workpiece temperature is reduced along with the time extension of the stage; and removing the constraint stage of the tool, and maintaining the temperature of the workpiece unchanged at room temperature.
The mechanical boundary condition refers to the constraint condition of silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces and the initial pressure load.
In the above technical scheme, in step 3, the diffusion welding simulation working conditions include four working conditions of workpiece heating, heat preservation and pressurization, workpiece cooling and tool constraint removal.
In the above technical solution, in step 3, the basic deformation refers to deformation of the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpiece in the height direction.
In the above technical solution, in step 4, the condition compensation means that, based on the initial pressure load, the pressure load at each position of the workpiece is increased or decreased according to the deformation amount of the position in the height direction.
In the above technical solution, the condition compensation means that, based on the initial geometric model, the thickness of the workpiece at each position is increased or decreased according to the deformation amount of the workpiece in the height direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the anti-deformation diffusion welding method for the silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material, provided by the invention, the deformation of the workpiece is researched by a geometric modeling and numerical simulation method, so that the experimental cost can be saved.
2. According to the anti-deformation diffusion welding method for the silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material, provided by the invention, the processing conditions meeting the requirements are obtained through increasing condition compensation, so that the workpiece meeting the requirements can be processed at one time, and the processing yield of the workpiece is improved.
3. The anti-deformation diffusion welding method of the silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material provided by the invention not only can be applied to the control of the deformation of diffusion welding, but also is suitable for the control of the deformation of other integral heating welding methods, and is suitable for the control of the deformation of various workpieces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an initial geometric model of a silicon-aluminum and aluminum alloy diffusion welded workpiece;
wherein, 1-aluminum alloy; 2-silicon aluminum, 3-exhaust holes;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of meshing of an initial geometric model;
FIG. 3 illustrates a diffusion welding tool;
FIG. 4 is a general flow chart of a method for modifying a pressure load to achieve reverse deformation;
FIG. 5 shows a workpiece shape change location profile;
FIG. 6 is a general flow chart illustrating a method for modifying the shape of a workpiece to achieve inverse deformation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
An anti-deformation diffusion welding method of a silicon aluminum-aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
step 1: modeling;
establishing an initial geometric model of the silicon-aluminum and aluminum alloy diffusion welding workpiece; performing hexahedral mesh division on the initial geometric model, and setting material performance parameters;
step 2: adding an initial boundary condition; the initial boundary conditions include thermal boundary conditions and mechanical boundary conditions; the thermal boundary condition refers to the temperature of the workpiece at different moments; the mechanical boundary condition refers to constraint conditions of silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces and initial pressure load;
step 3: establishing diffusion welding working conditions, wherein the diffusion welding working conditions comprise four working conditions of workpiece heating, heat preservation and pressurization, workpiece cooling and tool constraint removal; determining the basic deformation of the workpiece of the initial geometric model under the initial boundary condition by a numerical simulation method;
step 4: adding condition compensation on the basis of the initial geometric model and the initial boundary condition, and re-executing the operation of the step 1-3 to obtain compensation condition deformation; changing the value of the condition compensation until the obtained deformation of the compensation condition meets the workpiece requirement, and increasing the value of the condition compensation at the moment on the basis of the initial geometric model and the initial boundary condition, namely the processing condition;
step 5: the actual silicon-aluminum/aluminum alloy diffusion welding process is performed using the processing conditions.
Specifically, step 1 includes the steps of
1) And establishing a geometric model of the silicon-aluminum and aluminum alloy diffusion welding workpiece. As shown in FIG. 1, the orange part is aluminum alloy 1, and the gray part is silicon aluminum 2. Two silicon aluminum 2 are respectively positioned at the left and right sides of the workpiece (only 1 silicon aluminum is visible at the position shown in the view of fig. 1). The aluminum alloy 1 is provided with two exhaust holes 3 for exhaust.
2) And carrying out hexahedral mesh division on the geometric model. In the process, the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy entities are respectively subjected to grid division, and an interface between the silicon aluminum and the aluminum alloy entities is reserved. Meanwhile, the contact interface of the silicon aluminum and the aluminum alloy ensures that the unit grids of the two entities are connected together to ensure data transmission. As shown in fig. 2, the hexahedral mesh is a non-uniform mesh, the aluminum alloy and silicon-aluminum contact positions and the exhaust hole positions use denser meshes, and the rest positions use relatively loose meshes. The deformation of the workpiece position in the diffusion welding process is presented through the deformation of the node position. Wherein, at the position of the exhaust hole, 2 grids are arranged on one side; the contact position of the aluminum alloy and the silicon aluminum is 3-5 grids in the thickness direction, and the distance between the silicon aluminum and the aluminum alloy single side edge is 3-5 grids in the thickness direction. The thickness of the workpiece in this example was 20mm and the mesh density at the rest of the site was about 5mm.
3) Setting material performance parameters of silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy, and adding the material performance parameters to hexahedral units corresponding to the material performance parameters. The material performance parameters include thermophysical parameters and mechanical parameters. The thermophysical parameters include heat conductivity, specific heat capacity, emissivity and density. The mechanical parameters include Young's modulus, poisson's ratio, yield strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion. In the material setting process, the units of material parameters need to be unified. In this example, length is in millimeters (mm), time is in seconds(s), force is in newtons (N), mass is in tons (t), and temperature is in degrees celsius (c). Specific values of the above-mentioned material property parameters are obtained by reference.
Specifically, in step 2, according to the theory of heat transfer science (higher education press, yang Shiming, tao Wenquan, 08 in 2006) and the actual method of diffusion welding of silicon-aluminum and aluminum alloys, thermal boundary conditions are added, wherein the thermal boundary conditions refer to the temperatures of the workpieces at different moments. Mechanical boundary conditions are added according to the theory of elastoplastics (scientific press, chen Mingxiang, 4 th 2007) and the diffusion welding processing technology of aluminum-silicon-aluminum alloy. The mechanical boundary conditions refer to the constraint conditions and the initial pressure load provided by the diffusion welding tool shown in fig. 3.
Specifically, in step 3, the first working condition is: and in the workpiece temperature rising stage, the workpiece rises to the highest temperature of 570 ℃ from the room temperature, the constraint of the tooling on the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpiece is applied, and no pressure is applied. Working condition II: and (3) a heat preservation and pressurization stage, wherein the workpiece at the stage keeps the highest temperature, the constraint of the tooling on the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpiece is kept, and the pressure is applied to 5MPa. And (3) working condition III: and a workpiece cooling stage, wherein the workpiece is cooled from the highest temperature to the room temperature, the pressure is removed, and the constraint of the tooling on the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpiece is maintained. And (4) working condition four: and removing the constraint stage of the tool, wherein the temperature of the workpiece is kept at room temperature, and the constraint of the tool on the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpiece is removed.
Determining the basic deformation of the workpiece after the diffusion welding simulation working condition of the initial geometric model under the initial boundary condition by a numerical simulation method; the basic deformation amount refers to deformation of the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces in the height direction. The deformation of the workpiece in the height direction is between-0.58 mm and 0.31mm, and signs represent the deformation direction. The detail of the basic deformation cloud picture of the workpiece under the initial boundary condition of the initial geometric model is shown in other reference materials.
Example 2
This example describes a condition compensation method based on example 1.
The condition compensation in this embodiment means that, on the basis of the initial pressure load, the pressure load at each position of the workpiece is increased or decreased according to the deformation amount in the height direction of the position. That is, at a position where the deformation amount in the height direction is positive (for example, a position where the deformation amount is about 0.31 mm), the pressure load at the position is increased to reduce the deformation amount to the acceptable range; at a position where the deformation amount in the height direction is negative (for example, a position where the deformation amount is about-0.58 mm), the pressure load at this position is reduced, and the deformation amount thereof is increased to a satisfactory range. So as to meet the requirement of the required deformation and meet the requirements of flatness and perpendicularity.
The pressure load is modified based on the initial pressure load. The concrete modification mode is that the deformation is in the area of-0.58 to-0.4 mm, and a pressure load of 4MPa is applied; the deformation is in the area of-0.4 to-0.04 mm, and a pressure load of 4.5MPa is applied; applying a pressure load of 5MPa to a region with deformation of-0.04 mm; and applying a pressure load of 5.5MPa to a region with the deformation of 0.04-0.31 mm. The actual finished part is processed using the pressure load at this time.
The deformation cloud diagram details of the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces in the height direction after the pressure load is modified are shown in other reference materials, and the maximum deformation of the workpieces in the height direction is 0.32mm, so that the practical requirements are met.
Example 3
This example describes another condition compensation method based on example 1.
The condition compensation in this embodiment means that the thickness of the workpiece at each position is increased or decreased according to the deformation amount of the workpiece in the height direction at that position on the basis of the initial geometric model. Namely, the thickness of the blank workpiece before welding is reduced at the position with larger deformation in the height direction; and the thickness of the blank workpiece before welding is increased at the position with smaller deformation in the height direction. So that the thickness of the deformed workpiece meets the requirement.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the work piece is modified according to the basic deformation amount shown in fig. 5. Specifically, the modification positions (1) increased by 0.5mm in position, (2) increased by 0.4mm in position, (3) increased by 0.3mm in position, (4) increased by 0.2mm in position, (5) increased by 0.1mm in position, (6) decreased by 0.2mm in position, and (7) decreased by 0.2mm in position. After the shape of the workpiece is modified, the simulation is performed again. Compared with the original model, the deformation cloud image of the workpiece in the height direction after the shape of the workpiece is modified has the maximum deformation amount at the positions far away from the 2 vertexes of silicon aluminum, the deformation amount is minus 0.20mm, the design requirement is met, and the structure is used for processing and manufacturing the finished product.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An anti-deformation diffusion welding method for a silicon-aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: modeling;
establishing an initial geometric model of the silicon-aluminum and aluminum alloy diffusion welding workpiece; performing hexahedral mesh division on the initial geometric model, and setting material performance parameters;
step 2: adding an initial boundary condition;
the initial boundary conditions include thermal boundary conditions and mechanical boundary conditions; the thermal boundary conditions refer to temperature conditions of the workpiece at different moments; the mechanical boundary condition refers to constraint conditions of silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpieces and initial pressure load;
step 3: establishing a diffusion welding simulation working condition; determining the basic deformation of the workpiece after the initial geometric model passes through the diffusion welding simulation working condition under the initial boundary condition;
the diffusion welding simulation working conditions comprise four working conditions of workpiece heating, heat preservation and pressurization, workpiece cooling and tool constraint removal;
step 4: adding condition compensation on the basis of the initial geometric model and the initial boundary condition, and re-executing the operation of the step 1-3 to obtain compensation condition deformation;
the condition compensation means that on the basis of the initial pressure load, the pressure load at each position of the workpiece is increased or reduced according to the deformation of the position in the height direction; or, the condition compensation means that the thickness of the workpiece at each position is increased or reduced according to the deformation of the position of the workpiece in the height direction on the basis of the initial geometric model;
changing the numerical value of the condition compensation until the deformation of the obtained compensation condition meets the workpiece requirement, and determining the processing condition;
step 5: the actual silicon-aluminum/aluminum alloy diffusion welding process is performed using the processing conditions.
2. The method for reverse deformation diffusion welding of a silicon-aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, in the initial geometric model, an air vent is arranged at the aluminum alloy part.
3. The method for anti-deformation diffusion welding of a silicon-aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, wherein: the hexahedral mesh is a non-uniform mesh.
4. The method for reverse deformation diffusion welding of a silicon-aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein: the material performance parameters include thermophysical parameters and mechanical parameters.
5. The method for anti-deformation diffusion welding of a silicon-aluminum alloy material according to claim 4, wherein: the thermophysical parameters include thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, emissivity and density;
the mechanical parameters include Young's modulus, poisson's ratio, yield strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
6. The method for reverse deformation diffusion welding of a silicon-aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the basic deformation amount refers to deformation of the silicon aluminum and aluminum alloy workpiece in the height direction.
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