CN109175917B - Manufacturing method of titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109175917B CN109175917B CN201811288973.4A CN201811288973A CN109175917B CN 109175917 B CN109175917 B CN 109175917B CN 201811288973 A CN201811288973 A CN 201811288973A CN 109175917 B CN109175917 B CN 109175917B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, which comprises the following steps: preparing materials; blanking; forming a plate; cleaning; coating a solder stopping agent: the lower core plate is distributed with several coating areas and several crossed diffusion areas, and each diffusion area is provided with several coating areas and several crossed diffusion areasThe coating area and the vent grooves are coated with solder stopping agent, the diffusion areas respectively correspond to the upper and lower grids, the vent grooves are communicated to form a snake-shaped channel, and the vent grooves correspond to the vent holes; sealing and welding; detecting the air tightness; filling a mold; superplastic forming/diffusion bonding: placing the mould with the sealed airfoil surface in a superplastic forming device, and vacuumizing 10 the airfoil surface
‑2～10
‑5Pa, heating to 880-940 ℃; the press is pressurized by 1-1.5 MPa through an outer layer air inlet and is insulated for 3-4H, then pressurized by 1-1.5 MPa through an inner layer inlet and is insulated for 3-4H, and then the press is cooled along with the furnace; fine processing and polishing; injecting cooling liquid and circulating the cooling liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil.
Background
The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) technology, which has been rapidly developed since the 70 s of the twentieth century, utilizes a metal material having a specific microstructure to have excellent elongation and good diffusion properties in a high temperature region, and in a thermal cycle, diffusion bonding is performed at a bonded portion of the material by applying an appropriate pressure, and superplastic forming is performed at a separated portion, thereby forming an integral hollow structure. The technology can be used for forming an integral structure with a complex shape at one time, so that a large number of riveting and welding assemblies are reduced, and the weight of the structure is reduced.
At present, hollow and thin-wall structures of airfoil structures mainly adopt casting forming, plate tailor-welding, brazing technology, 3D printing and the like, but the problems of low material utilization rate, poor scale precision, weak integral rigidity, complex preparation process and the like exist in the actual production process and the splicing of multiple positions.
Although the superplastic forming/diffusion bonding technology is suitable for forming titanium alloy lightweight structures, the conventional technological process is difficult to realize for parts with thin framework wall thickness, large airfoil thickness and uneven framework wall thickness due to bearing requirements. For the brazing process, the problems that the brazing surface is small, the number of welding seams is large, the rigidity of a welded part is poor, a tool is difficult to load and the like exist. The electron beam welding needs to be carried out in a vacuum environment, and for parts needing to be welded in multiple welding seams, the production and manufacturing period is long, and the cost is high.
Because the airfoil generates a large amount of heat when moving at high speed due to friction with air, the high-temperature airfoil can reduce the overall strength and the rigidity of the airfoil, and the performance index of the airfoil is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, which can reduce the weight of the airfoil, enhance the strength of the airfoil and ensure that the metallographic structure of a joint surface is uniform, the product produced by the method has good profile precision and high strength, the weight of the structure is reduced by more than 30 percent, and meanwhile, the airfoil can obtain good heat dissipation effect by injecting cooling liquid into the airfoil and circulating the cooling liquid along a serpentine channel formed by a plurality of vent holes.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing a titanium alloy plate with the thickness meeting the design requirement;
(2) blanking: cutting an upper mask, a lower mask, an upper core layer plate, a lower core layer plate, an upper grating plate, a lower grating plate and side plates which accord with the design size;
(3) plate forming: the method comprises the following steps of performing an upper mask plate, a lower mask plate and side plates, respectively welding and forming the upper grating plate and the lower grating plate into an upper grating and a lower grating which are in a cross structure, wherein vent holes are formed in the lower edge of the upper grating plate and the upper edge of the lower grating plate;
(4) cleaning: carrying out oil and stain removal treatment on the formed plate by using a cleaning agent;
(5) coating a solder stopping agent: the lower core plate is distributed with a plurality of coating areas and a plurality of cross-shaped diffusion areas at intervals, each diffusion area is provided with a vent groove, the coating areas and the vent grooves are coated with solder stopping agents, the diffusion areas correspond to the lower grids and the upper grids respectively, the vent grooves are communicated to form a snake-shaped channel, and the vent grooves correspond to the vent holes;
(6) sealing and welding: sequentially overlapping and assembling the processed upper mask plate, the processed upper grating, the processed upper core layer plate, the processed lower grating and the processed lower mask plate, performing seal welding on the upper core layer plate and the processed lower core layer plate, and reserving an inner layer inlet and an inner layer outlet, wherein the inner layer inlet and the inner layer outlet are respectively communicated with the head and the tail of the serpentine channel; a side plate is arranged at the front end of the airfoil surface, the upper mask plate, the lower mask plate and the side plate are sealed and welded, and an outer-layer air inlet and an outer-layer air outlet are reserved on the side plate;
(7) and (3) detecting air tightness: detecting whether the air tightness of the seal welding is qualified or not;
(8) die filling: loading the sealed and welded airfoil surface into a mold, and closing the mold;
(9) superplastic forming/diffusion bonding: placing the mould in superplastic forming equipment, vacuumizing the wing surface with the vacuum degree of 10
-2～10
-5Pa, heating to 880-940 ℃; the press firstly pressurizes 1-1.5 MPa through an outer layer air inlet and keeps the temperature for 3-4H, so that the upper mask, the lower mask and the side plates are subjected to superplastic forming, the upper grid is in diffusion connection with the upper core layer plate, and the lower grid is in diffusion connection with the lower core layer plate; the upper core layer plate and the lower core layer plate are in diffusion connection without being coated with the solder; the press is pressurized by 1-1.5 MPa through the inner layer inlet and is insulated for 3-4H, so that the upper core layer plate and the lower core layer plate are subjected to superplastic forming, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grating and the upper mask plate, the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate is respectively in diffusion connection with the lower grating and the lower mask plate, the side plate is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grating, the lower grating, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate and the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate, the air pressure is unloaded, and the mold is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace;
(10) finish machining and polishing: performing finish machining on the cooled airfoil to remove the margin edge, and then performing polishing treatment;
(11) injection and circulation of cooling fluid: and cooling liquid is injected from the inner layer inlet, the outer layer air inlet and the outer layer air outlet are sealed, and the inner layer inlet and the inner layer outlet are respectively connected with a circulating pump.
In the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the thickness of the plate in the step (1) is at least one of equal thickness or gradient thickness.
In the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the cleaning agent in the step (4) is acetone.
In the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, in the step (5), the upper grid corresponds to the lower grid.
In the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the lower edge vent hole of the upper grid plate in the step (3) corresponds to the upper edge vent hole of the lower grid plate.
In the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the cooling liquid in the step (11) is water or superconducting liquid.
In the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the vacuum degree in the step (9) is 10
-2Pa, heating to 880 ℃, pressurizing an outer layer air inlet to 1.5MPa, and preserving heat for 2H; the inlet of the inner layer is pressurized to 1MPa, and the temperature is kept for 4H.
In the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the vacuum degree in the step (9) is 10
-3Pa, heating to 900 ℃, pressurizing the outer layer air inlet to 1.3MPa, and preserving heat for 3H; the inlet of the inner layer is pressurized to 1.1MPa, and the temperature is kept for 2.5H.
In the method for manufacturing the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, the vacuum degree in the step (9) is 10
-5Pa, heating to 940 ℃, pressurizing the outer layer air inlet to 1MPa, and preserving heat for 4H; the inlet of the inner layer is pressurized to 1.5MPa, and the temperature is kept for 2H.
In the manufacturing method of the titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, in the step (2), the upper mask plate, the lower mask plate, the upper core layer plate, the lower core layer plate and the side plates are provided with process margin edges according to theoretical unfolding external dimensions, and the margin edges are 2-5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the weight of the airfoil is reduced, the strength of the airfoil can be enhanced, the junction surface is transited smoothly, the metallographic structure is uniform, and the upper core layer plate, the lower core layer plate, the upper mask plate and the lower mask plate are organically integrated through a four-layer superplastic forming/diffusion connection structure, so that the strength of the airfoil is greatly enhanced; by injecting cooling liquid into the airfoil and accelerating the circulation of the cooling liquid through the circulating pump, the heat generated by the friction between the airfoil and air can be effectively reduced.
The invention relates to a superplastic forming/diffusion bonding process for hollow multi-rib parts with four-layer structure, which has the advantages of good product profile precision, high strength, good rigidity and structure weight reduction of more than 30%.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an airfoil configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the airfoil of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the airfoil with the side plate removed in the mold according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention after completion of the airfoil superplastic forming/diffusion bonding with the side plates removed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the middle state of the superplastic forming/diffusion bonding of the upper and lower core sheets with the upper mask removed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the lower core sheet coating flux stop profile of the present invention.
Wherein, the reference numbers:
1. covering the upper mask; 2. a lower mask plate; 3. an upper grid; 31. an upper grid plate; 4. a lower grid; 41. a lower grid plate; 5. an upper core layer plate; 6. a lower core laminate; 7. a vent hole; 8. a side plate; 9. a coating zone; 10. a diffusion region; 11. a vent channel; 12. a serpentine channel; 13. a circulation pump; A. an airfoil; a. an outer layer air inlet; b. an outer layer air outlet; c. an inner layer inlet; d. and an inner layer outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings, which are provided for illustration purposes and the like:
as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the method for manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing a titanium alloy plate with the thickness meeting the design requirement, and selecting at least one of equal thickness or gradient thickness according to the size and the stress of the airfoil A;
(2) blanking: cutting an upper mask 1, a lower mask 2, an upper core layer plate 5, a lower core layer plate 6, an upper grid plate 31, a lower grid plate 41 and a side plate 8 which accord with the design size, wherein the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2, the upper core layer plate 5, the lower core layer plate 6 and the side plate 8 leave a process margin according to the theoretical expansion overall size, and the margin is 2-5 mm;
(3) plate forming: the upper mask plate 1, the lower mask plate 2 and the side plates 8 are preformed, the upper grid plate 31 and the lower grid plate 41 are respectively welded and formed into an upper grid 3 and a lower grid 4 which are in a cross structure, vent holes 7 are respectively arranged on the lower edge of the upper grid plate 31 and the upper edge of the lower grid plate 41, and the vent holes 7 on the lower edge of the upper grid plate 31 correspond to the vent holes 7 on the upper edge of the lower grid plate 41;
(4) cleaning: carrying out oil and stain removal treatment on the formed plate by using a cleaning agent; the cleaning agent is preferably acetone;
(5) coating a solder stopping agent: the lower core plate 6 is distributed with a plurality of coating areas 9 and a plurality of cross-shaped diffusion areas 10 at intervals, each diffusion area 10 is provided with a vent groove 11, the coating areas 9 and the vent grooves 11 are coated with solder-stopping agent, and as shown in figure 7, the shaded parts are coated with solder-stopping agent;
the diffusion area 10 corresponds to the lower grid 4 and the upper grid 3, the plurality of vent grooves 11 are communicated to form a serpentine channel 12, the vent grooves 11 correspond to the vent holes 7, so that the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are not in diffusion connection at the positions of the vent holes 7, when air pressure is added to the inner layer inlet c, the air pressure can slowly fill the whole closed space formed by the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 along the serpentine channel 12 formed by the plurality of vent holes 7, the upper grid 3 and the lower grid 4 are subjected to superplastic forming/diffusion connection, and the middle process of the superplastic forming/diffusion connection is shown in figures 5 and 6;
(6) sealing and welding: sequentially overlapping and assembling the processed upper mask plate 1, the processed upper grating 3, the processed upper core layer plate 5, the processed lower core layer plate 6, the processed lower grating 4 and the processed lower mask plate 2, and sealing and welding the upper grating 3 and the lower grating 4 correspondingly, sealing and welding the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6, reserving an inner layer inlet c and an inner layer outlet d, and respectively communicating the inner layer inlet c and the inner layer outlet d with the head and the tail of the serpentine channel 12; a side plate 8 is arranged at the front end of the airfoil surface A, the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2 and the side plate 8 are sealed and welded, and an outer-layer air inlet a and an outer-layer air outlet b are reserved on the side plate 8;
(7) and (3) detecting air tightness: detecting whether the air tightness of the seal welding is qualified or not;
(8) die filling: loading the sealed and welded airfoil A into a die, and closing the die;
(9) superplastic forming/diffusion bonding: placing the mould in superplastic forming equipment, vacuumizing the airfoil surface A, wherein the vacuum degree is 10
-2～10
-5Pa, heating to 880-940 ℃; the press firstly pressurizes 1-1.5 MPa through an outer layer air inlet a and keeps the temperature for 3-4H, so that the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2 and the side plates 8 are subjected to superplastic forming, the upper grid 3 is in diffusion connection with the upper core layer plate 5, and the lower grid 4 is in diffusion connection with the lower core layer plate 6; the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are in diffusion connection without being coated with solder; the press is pressurized by 1-1.5 MPa through an inner layer inlet c and is insulated for 3-4H, so that an upper core layer plate 5 and a lower core layer plate 6 are subjected to superplastic forming, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 is respectively in diffusion connection with an upper grid 3 and an upper mask plate 1, the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6 is respectively in diffusion connection with a lower grid 4 and a lower mask plate 2, a side plate 8 is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grid 3, the lower grid 4, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 and the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6, the air pressure is unloaded, and the mold is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace;
(10) finish machining and polishing: performing finish machining on the cooled airfoil A to remove the margin edge, and then performing polishing treatment;
(11) injection and circulation of cooling fluid: because the vent grooves 11 on the lower core layer plate 6 respectively correspond to the lower edge vent holes 7 of the upper grid plate 31 and the upper edge vent holes 7 of the lower grid plate 41, and the vent grooves 11 are coated with the solder stopping agent, the vent holes 7 can not be blocked by diffusion connection in the process of superplastic forming of the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6, after the superplastic forming/diffusion connection of the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 is finished, the lower edge vent holes 7 of the upper grid plate 31 and the upper edge vent holes 7 of the lower grid plate 41 are still reserved, a plurality of vent holes 7 are communicated end to form a serpentine channel 12, the head end of the serpentine channel 12 is communicated with the inner layer inlet c, and the tail end of the serpentine channel 12 is communicated with the inner; injecting cooling liquid from an inner layer inlet c, and sealing an outer layer air inlet a and an outer layer air outlet b, wherein the cooling liquid is water or superconducting liquid; the inner inlet c and the inner outlet d are respectively connected with a circulating pump 13; the cooling liquid in the airfoil A is filled in the whole inner cavity of the airfoil A through the communicated vent holes 7; the circulation pump 13 circulates the cooling liquid along the serpentine channel 12 formed by the plurality of vent holes 7, so that the efficiency of the cooling liquid circulation is greatly improved. The dashed lines in FIG. 7 show serpentine cooling fluid passages 12 that enhance the cooling of airfoil A by circulating the cooling fluid.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-7, a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing a titanium alloy plate with the thickness meeting the design requirement, and selecting at least one of equal thickness or gradient thickness according to the size and the stress of the airfoil A;
(2) blanking: cutting an upper mask 1, a lower mask 2, an upper core layer plate 5, a lower core layer plate 6, an upper grid plate 31, a lower grid plate 41 and a side plate 8 which accord with the design size, wherein the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2, the upper core layer plate 5, the lower core layer plate 6 and the side plate 8 leave a process margin according to the theoretical expansion overall size, and the margin is 2-5 mm;
(3) plate forming: the method comprises the following steps of preforming an upper mask 1, a lower mask 2 and a side plate 8, respectively welding and forming an upper grid 3 and a lower grid 4 which are in a cross structure by an upper grid plate 31 and a lower grid plate 41, wherein vent holes 7 are formed in the lower edge of the upper grid plate 31 and the upper edge of the lower grid plate 41, and the vent holes 7 in the lower edge of the upper grid plate 31 correspond to the vent holes 7 in the upper edge of the lower grid plate 41;
(4) cleaning: carrying out oil and stain removal treatment on the formed plate by using a cleaning agent; the cleaning agent is preferably acetone;
(5) coating a solder stopping agent: the lower core plate 6 is distributed with a plurality of coating areas 9 and a plurality of cross-shaped diffusion areas 10 at intervals, each diffusion area 10 is provided with a vent groove 11, the coating areas 9 and the vent grooves 11 are coated with solder-stopping agent, and as shown in figure 7, the shaded parts are coated with solder-stopping agent;
the diffusion area 10 corresponds to the lower grid 4 and the upper grid 3, the plurality of vent grooves 11 are communicated to form a serpentine channel 12, the vent grooves 11 correspond to the vent holes 7, so that the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are not in diffusion connection at the positions of the vent holes 7, when air pressure is added to the inner layer inlet c, the air pressure can slowly fill the whole closed space formed by the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 along the serpentine channel 12 formed by the plurality of vent holes 7, the upper grid 3 and the lower grid 4 are subjected to superplastic forming/diffusion connection, and the middle process of the superplastic forming/diffusion connection is shown in figures 5 and 6;
(6) sealing and welding: sequentially overlapping and assembling the processed upper mask plate 1, the processed upper grating 3, the processed upper core layer plate 5, the processed lower core layer plate 6, the processed lower grating 4 and the processed lower mask plate 2, and sealing and welding the upper grating 3 and the lower grating 4 correspondingly, sealing and welding the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6, reserving an inner layer inlet c and an inner layer outlet d, and respectively communicating the inner layer inlet c and the inner layer outlet d with the head and the tail of the serpentine channel 12; a side plate 8 is arranged at the front end of the airfoil surface A, the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2 and the side plate 8 are sealed and welded, and an outer-layer air inlet a and an outer-layer air outlet b are reserved on the side plate 8;
(7) and (3) detecting air tightness: detecting whether the air tightness of the seal welding is qualified or not;
(8) die filling: loading the sealed and welded airfoil A into a die, and closing the die;
(9) superplastic forming/diffusion bonding: placing the mould in superplastic forming equipment, vacuumizing the airfoil surface A, wherein the vacuum degree is 10
-2Pa, heating to 880 ℃; the press firstly presses 1.5MPa through the outer layer air inlet a and keeps 2H to lead the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2 and the side plate 8 to be superplastic-formed and the upper maskThe grid 3 is in diffusion connection with the upper core layer plate 5, and the lower grid 4 is in diffusion connection with the lower core layer plate 6; the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are in diffusion connection without being coated with solder; the press is pressurized by 1MPa through an inner layer inlet c and is insulated by 4H, so that an upper core layer plate 5 and a lower core layer plate 6 are subjected to superplastic forming, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 is respectively in diffusion connection with an upper grid 3 and an upper mask plate 1, the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6 is respectively in diffusion connection with a lower grid 4 and a lower mask plate 2, a side plate 8 is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grid 3, the lower grid 4, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 and the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6, the air pressure is unloaded, and the mold is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace;
(10) finish machining and polishing: performing finish machining on the cooled airfoil A to remove the margin edge, and performing polishing treatment;
(11) injection and circulation of cooling fluid: because the vent grooves 11 on the lower core layer plate 6 respectively correspond to the lower edge vent holes 7 of the upper grid plate 31 and the upper edge vent holes 7 of the lower grid plate 41, and the vent grooves 11 are coated with the solder stopping agent, the vent holes 7 can not be blocked by diffusion connection in the process of superplastic forming of the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6, after the superplastic forming/diffusion connection of the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 is finished, the lower edge vent holes 7 of the upper grid plate 31 and the upper edge vent holes 7 of the lower grid plate 41 are still reserved, a plurality of vent holes 7 are communicated end to form a serpentine channel 12, the head end of the serpentine channel 12 is communicated with the inner layer inlet c, and the tail end of the serpentine channel 12 is communicated with the inner; injecting cooling liquid from an inner layer inlet c, and sealing an outer layer air inlet a and an outer layer air outlet b, wherein the cooling liquid is water or superconducting liquid; the inner inlet c and the inner outlet d are respectively connected with a circulating pump 13; the cooling liquid in the airfoil A is filled in the whole inner cavity of the airfoil A through the communicated vent holes 7; the circulation pump 13 circulates the cooling liquid along the serpentine channel 12 formed by the plurality of vent holes 7, so that the efficiency of the cooling liquid circulation is greatly improved. The dashed lines in FIG. 7 show serpentine cooling fluid passages 12 that enhance the cooling of airfoil A by circulating the cooling fluid.
Example two:
compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that:
in the step (9), the airfoil surface A is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is 10
-3Pa, heating to 900 ℃; the press firstly pressurizes 1.3MPa and preserves heat for 3H through the outer layer air inlet a, so that the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2 and the side plate 8 are subjected to superplastic forming, the upper grid 3 is in diffusion connection with the upper core layer plate 5, and the lower grid 4 is in diffusion connection with the lower core layer plate 6; the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are in diffusion connection without being coated with solder; the press is pressurized by 1.1MPa through the inner layer inlet c and is insulated by 2.5H, so that the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are subjected to superplastic forming, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grid 3 and the upper mask plate 1, the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6 is respectively in diffusion connection with the lower grid 4 and the lower mask plate 2, the side plate 8 is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grid 3, the lower grid 4, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 and the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6, the air pressure is unloaded, and the mold is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace.
Example three:
compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that:
in the step (9), the airfoil surface A is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is 10
-5Pa, heating to 940 ℃; the press firstly pressurizes 1MPa and preserves heat for 4H through the outer layer air inlet a, so that the upper mask 1, the lower mask 2 and the side plate 8 are subjected to superplastic forming, the upper grid 3 is in diffusion connection with the upper core layer plate 5, and the lower grid 4 is in diffusion connection with the lower core layer plate 6; the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are in diffusion connection without being coated with solder; the press is pressurized by 1.5MPa through the inner layer inlet c and is insulated by 2H, so that the upper core layer plate 5 and the lower core layer plate 6 are subjected to superplastic forming, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grating 3 and the upper mask plate 1, the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6 is respectively in diffusion connection with the lower grating 4 and the lower mask plate 2, the side plate 8 is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grating 3, the lower grating 4, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate 5 and the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate 6, the air pressure is unloaded, and the mold is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace.
The upper and lower grids in the airfoil are in a cross structure, and the airfoil formed by the upper and lower grids, the upper and lower mask plates, the upper and lower core layer plates greatly improves the mechanical strength of a product, improves the production efficiency and reduces the manufacturing cost.
The invention selects the heating temperature range of 880-940 ℃, and can ensure the quality of diffusion bonding on the premise of ensuring that the titanium alloy material has superplasticity.
Because the pressure of diffusion bonding often will be higher than the pressure of superplastic forming and have the close relation with the intensity of junction, only under sufficient pressure, can make the distance of titanium alloy panel support shorten to the interatomic distance of interaction, guarantee the diffusion of metal atom, but also can not be too high, too high has adverse effect to mould, equipment etc..
When diffusion bonding is performed at a certain temperature and pressure, creep and diffusion at the bonding surface, and the strength of the joint are time-dependent. When the superplastic forming is carried out on a complex component, appropriate pressure maintaining time is required, the time is too long, crystal grains further grow, and the plasticity of the material is reduced.
By injecting cooling liquid into the airfoil A and accelerating the circulation of the cooling liquid through the circulating pump 13, the heat generated by high-speed friction of the airfoil A and air can be effectively reduced, and the stability of the mechanical property of the airfoil A is ensured.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing a titanium alloy plate with the thickness meeting the design requirement;
(2) blanking: cutting an upper mask, a lower mask, an upper core layer plate, a lower core layer plate, an upper grating plate, a lower grating plate and side plates which accord with the design size;
(3) plate forming: the method comprises the following steps of performing an upper mask plate, a lower mask plate and side plates, respectively welding and forming the upper grating plate and the lower grating plate into an upper grating and a lower grating which are in a cross structure, wherein vent holes are formed in the lower edge of the upper grating plate and the upper edge of the lower grating plate;
(4) cleaning: carrying out oil and stain removal treatment on the formed plate by using a cleaning agent;
(5) coating a solder stopping agent: the lower core plate is distributed with a plurality of coating areas and a plurality of cross-shaped diffusion areas at intervals, each diffusion area is provided with a vent groove, the coating areas and the vent grooves are coated with solder stopping agents, the diffusion areas correspond to the upper grids and the lower grids respectively, the vent grooves are communicated to form a snake-shaped channel, and the vent grooves correspond to the vent holes;
(6) sealing and welding: sequentially overlapping and assembling the processed upper mask plate, the processed upper grating, the processed upper core layer plate, the processed lower grating and the processed lower mask plate, sealing and welding the processed upper mask plate, the processed upper core layer plate, the processed lower grating and the processed lower mask plate, sealing and welding the processed upper core layer plate and the processed lower core layer plate, and reserving an inner layer inlet and an inner layer outlet which are respectively communicated with the head and the tail of the serpentine channel; a side plate is arranged at the front end of the airfoil surface, the upper mask plate, the lower mask plate and the side plate are sealed and welded, and an outer-layer air inlet and an outer-layer air outlet are reserved on the side plate;
(7) and (3) detecting air tightness: detecting whether the air tightness of the seal welding is qualified or not;
(8) die filling: loading the sealed and welded airfoil surface into a mold, and closing the mold;
(9) superplastic forming/diffusion bonding: placing the mould in superplastic forming equipment, vacuumizing the wing surface with the vacuum degree of 10
-2～10
-5Pa, heating to 880-940 ℃; the press firstly pressurizes 1-1.5 MPa through an outer layer air inlet and keeps the temperature for 3-4H, so that the upper mask, the lower mask and the side plates are subjected to superplastic forming, the upper grid is in diffusion connection with the upper core layer plate, and the lower grid is in diffusion connection with the lower core layer plate; the upper core layer plate and the lower core layer plate are in diffusion connection without being coated with the solder; the press is pressurized by 1-1.5 MPa through the inner layer inlet and is insulated for 3-4H, so that the upper core layer plate and the lower core layer plate are subjected to superplastic forming, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grating and the upper mask plate, the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate is respectively in diffusion connection with the lower grating and the lower mask plate, the side plate is respectively in diffusion connection with the upper grating, the lower grating, the superplastic formed structure of the upper core layer plate and the superplastic formed structure of the lower core layer plate, the air pressure is unloaded, and the mold is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace;
(10) finish machining and polishing: performing finish machining on the cooled airfoil to remove the margin edge, and then performing polishing treatment;
(11) injection and circulation of cooling fluid: and cooling liquid is injected from the inner layer inlet, the outer layer air inlet and the outer layer air outlet are sealed, and the inner layer inlet and the inner layer outlet are respectively connected with a circulating pump.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sheet of step (1) is at least one of uniform or graded.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4) the cleaning agent is acetone.
4. The method of manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil of claim 1, wherein step (5) the upper grid corresponds to the lower grid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the lower edge ventilation holes of the upper grid plate in step (3) correspond to the upper edge ventilation holes of the lower grid plate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooling fluid of step (11) is water or a superconducting fluid.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the vacuum in step (9) is 10 degrees
-2Pa, heating to 880 ℃, pressurizing an outer layer air inlet to 1.5MPa, and preserving heat for 2H; the inlet of the inner layer is pressurized to 1MPa, and the temperature is kept for 4H.
8. The method of manufacturing a titanium alloy lightweight reinforced airfoil of claim 1, wherein in step (9) the vacuum level is10
-3Pa, heating to 900 ℃, pressurizing the outer layer air inlet to 1.3MPa, and preserving heat for 3H; the inlet of the inner layer is pressurized to 1.1MPa, and the temperature is kept for 2.5H.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (9) the vacuum is 10
-5Pa, heating to 940 ℃, pressurizing the outer layer air inlet to 1MPa, and preserving heat for 4H; the inlet of the inner layer is pressurized to 1.5MPa, and the temperature is kept for 2H.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the upper mask, the lower mask, the upper core plate, the lower core plate and the side plate are formed with a margin of 2-5mm according to the theoretical developed outer dimension.
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| US4672727A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-06-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of fabricating film cooling slot in a hollow airfoil |
| CN102248383B (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-04-10 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Process for machining connecting structure in integral thin-wall closed cavity |
| CN105149874A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-16 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Integral forming method for titanium alloy skin with reinforcing rib structure |
| CN107717224B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-04-07 | 北京普惠三航科技有限公司 | Processing method of titanium alloy hollow lightweight airfoil |
| CN108161205B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-05-26 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Electron beam welding superplastic forming process for wing rudder parts |
| CN108637568A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-12 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A kind of superplastic forming ＆ diffusion bonding Mould design and manufacturing method being suitable for complicated titanium alloy component |
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