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Electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer and manufacturing method thereof
Description
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Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroslag plate electrode fusion welding, relates to a crystallizer and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to an electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer and a manufacturing method thereof, and particularly relates to a crystallizer special for manufacturing an anode structure type anode steel claw in the electrolytic aluminum industry and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The electrolytic aluminum anode steel claw is a large amount of consumable parts of an electrolytic aluminum production enterprise. The traditional steel claw is cast by a lost foam, and has the problems of complicated material, high metal density, high resistivity, weak oxidation resistance and the like. At present, high-quality rolled steel is selected to manufacture the anode steel claw, and a special crystallizer is needed to finish electroslag fusion welding of the large section of the steel claw. In the past, the crystallizer is formed by manually welding copper and steel materials, and the manually welded crystallizer has the problems of high welding technical requirement, large workpiece error of the crystallizer, incapability of universal interchange, easiness in leakage, high material loss, low use utilization rate, great damage of toxic gas to personnel in the welding process and the like.
Meanwhile, in the manufacturing process of the electrolytic aluminum anode steel claw, electroslag polar plate fusion welding equipment is used for production, the crystallizer bears high power and high temperature in the production process, the cooling environment can not leak and deform the crystallizer, the cooling welding line can not crack after thermal expansion, the thermal conductivity of the crystallizer can not meet high performance requirements, and the like.
Moreover, the crystallizer formed by welding copper and steel has the advantages of long manufacturing period, small yield, high labor rate, high processing cost and serious waste.
In view of the above technical defects of the prior art, it is urgently needed to develop a novel electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer and a manufacturing method thereof, which can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer is simple to manufacture, capable of reducing material waste, short in processing period, high in utilization rate, not easy to damage and capable of being repaired.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer comprises an upper crystallizer body and a lower crystallizer, and is characterized in that the upper crystallizer body consists of an upper crystallizer main body and an upper crystallizer cover plate connected with the upper crystallizer main body, the lower crystallizer consists of a lower crystallizer main body and a lower crystallizer cover plate connected with the lower crystallizer main body, a square cavity structure which is shaped like a Chinese character 'hui' is arranged on the top surface of the upper crystallizer main body, tapered square holes which penetrate through the upper part and the lower part are formed in the middle of the square cavity structure, four first holes are formed in the back surface of the upper crystallizer main body, a groove is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of the lower crystallizer main body, four second holes are formed in the back surface of the lower crystallizer main body, the upper crystallizer main body is connected with the upper crystallizer cover plate through a plurality of screws, and the lower crystallizer main body is connected with the lower crystallizer cover plate through a plurality of screws.
Further, the four first holes formed in the back surface of the upper mold body are respectively close to four top corners of the back surface of the upper mold body.
Still further, wherein the four second holes opened in the back surface of the lower mold body are respectively close to four top corners of the back surface of the lower mold body.
In addition, the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating the red copper raw material to 1083 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace to form a liquid state, and then casting the liquid state into blanks of the upper crystallizer main body and the lower crystallizer main body through a mouldAnd then, performing repeated forging and extrusion on the blank piece to ensure that the tissue structure of the red copper is fine and remove air holes in the blank piece so as to increase the density of the red copper to 8.92g/cm 3 The above;
(2) Putting the blank obtained in the step (1) into a vacuum furnace, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and then putting into water for cooling to prevent oxidation and eliminate stress; .
(3) Placing the blank processed in the step (2) into a numerical control lathe, and performing outer wall precision processing and inner cavity finish processing according to the size required by the steel claw;
(4) Respectively installing the upper crystallizer cover plate and the lower crystallizer cover plate on the upper crystallizer main body and the lower crystallizer which are processed in the step (3) and fastening, connecting and sealing the upper crystallizer cover plate and the lower crystallizer cover plate by bolts;
(5) And the back surface of the upper crystallizer main body is provided with the four first holes, and the back surface of the lower crystallizer main body is provided with the four second holes.
Compared with the existing crystallizer and the manufacturing method thereof, the electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer and the manufacturing method thereof have the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the problems of complex manufacture, serious material waste, long processing period, low utilization rate, easy damage, unrepairable property and the like of the original crystallizer are solved through the reconstruction design of the crystallizer.
2. The cold processing is adopted in the manufacturing process of the crystallizer, so that the damage to the crystallizer caused by the heat treatment such as welding, heating and the like is avoided.
3. The water-cooling inner cavity of the crystallizer is not provided with a partition plate so as to reduce the water flow resistance and have better cooling effect.
4. The crystallizer is processed by the whole red copper at one time, and cold processing is adopted in the manufacturing process, so that the damage to the crystallizer caused by heat treatment such as welding, heating and the like is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of an electroslag plate electrode fusion welding mold of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of the upper mold.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the lower mold.
Fig. 4 is a top right view of the upper mold body.
Fig. 5 is a left lower view of the upper mold body.
Fig. 6 is a top left view of the lower mold body.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of an electroslag plate electrode fusion welding mould of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the electroslag plate-electrode fusion welding mold of the present invention includes an upper mold 1 and a lower mold 2. When the device is used, a beam and a steel claw leg of an anode steel claw used in the electrolytic aluminum industry are placed in the crystallizer, a fusion welding seam is reserved, and electroslag plate fusion welding is adopted to complete metal fusion in the crystallizer and weld and form.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper mold 1 is composed of an upper mold body 1-2 and an upper mold cover 1-1 connected to the upper mold body 1-2. Preferably, the upper mold body 1-2 and the upper mold cover plate 1-1 are connected by a plurality of screws. That is, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the top surface of the upper mold body 1-2, a plurality of threaded holes are also formed in the upper mold cover plate 1-1, and the upper mold body 1-2 and the upper mold cover plate 1-1 are connected together through screws.
As shown in fig. 3, the lower mold 2 is composed of a lower mold body 2-2 and a lower mold cover 2-1 connected to the lower mold body 2-2. Preferably, the lower mold body 2-2 and the lower mold cover plate 2-1 are connected by a plurality of screws. That is, a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the bottom surface of the lower mold body 2-2, a plurality of threaded holes are also formed in the lower mold cover plate 2-1, and the lower mold body 2-2 and the lower mold cover plate 2-1 are connected together through screws.
As shown in FIG. 4, the top surface of the upper mold body 1-2 is provided with a cavity structure 1-2-1 shaped like a Chinese character 'hui'. The middle of the square cavity structure 1-2-1 is provided with a tapered square hole 1-2-2 which penetrates through the upper part and the lower part, namely, the tapered square hole 1-2-2 is square on the top surface of the upper crystallizer main body 1-2 and extends downwards from the top surface of the upper crystallizer main body 1-2 in a tapered manner.
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 5, four first holes 1-2-3 are formed in the back surface of the upper mold body 1-2. Preferably, the four first holes 1-2-3 formed in the back surface of the upper mold body 1-2 are respectively close to four top corners of the back surface of the upper mold body 1-2.
Also, in the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the top surface of the upper mold body 1-2 is covered by the upper mold cover 1-1, and wherein the tapered square hole 1-2-2 is not covered by the upper mold cover 1-1.
As shown in FIG. 6, a groove 2-2-1 is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of the lower mold body 2-2. Preferably, the grooves 2-2-1 are tapered for recovery. That is, the grooves 2-2-1 are tapered upward from the bottom surface of the upper mold body 2-2.
And, the back of the lower mold body 2-2 is opened with four second holes 2-2-2. Preferably, the four second holes 2-2-2 opened in the back surface of the lower mold body 2-2 are respectively close to four top corners of the back surface of the lower mold body 2-2.
In the present invention, the bottom surface of the lower mold body 2-2 is covered by the lower mold cover 2-1, and the grooves 2-2-1 are not covered by the lower mold cover 2-1, i.e., the bottom surface of the lower mold 2 is formed in a cavity structure.
When the electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer is manufactured, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a whole block of high-quality red copper is selected as a raw material, namely, the upper crystallizer main body 1-2 and the lower crystallizer main body 2-2 are respectively made of a whole block of high-quality red copper. After the raw materials are selected, the red copper raw materials are heated to 1083 ℃ in a high-temperature furnace to form a liquid state, and then the liquid state is cast into blank pieces of the upper crystallizer main body 1-2 and the lower crystallizer main body 2-2 through a mould.
In order to improve the density, after the blank is cast, the blank is subjected to repeated forging and extrusion to ensure that the texture structure of the red copper is fine, and air holes in the blank are removed to increaseThe density of red copper is finally made to 8.92g/cm 3 The above.
Then, the forged and extruded blank is put into a vacuum furnace to be heated to 600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2 to 4 hours, and then the blank is put into water to be cooled to prevent oxidation and eliminate stress, so as to further improve the strength.
And then, placing the blank subjected to the treatment into a numerical control lathe, and performing outer wall precision treatment and inner cavity finish machining according to the required size of the steel claw. That is, it is cold worked by a numerically controlled lathe to have the outer wall and inner cavity dimensions meet the requirements.
And then, respectively and additionally installing the upper crystallizer main body 1-2 and the lower crystallizer 2-2 which are processed in a numerical control manner with the upper crystallizer cover plate 1-1 and the lower crystallizer cover plate 2-1, and fastening, connecting and sealing the upper crystallizer cover plate 1-1 and the lower crystallizer cover plate 2-1 by using bolts.
And finally, the back of the upper crystallizer main body 1-2 is provided with the four first holes 1-2-3, and the back of the lower crystallizer main body 2-2 is provided with the four second holes 2-2-2.
In addition, in the invention, 6-minute steel pipes can be respectively connected to the four first holes 1-2-3 and the four second holes 2-2-2 to be connected with an external water path to form a complete cooling circulation water path. In this way, cooling of the steel jaw may be facilitated.
Eight electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizers are one set and combined with one mold, and the manufacturing of the structural anode steel claw of an electrolytic aluminum plant can be completed. The combined dies with different models can produce structural anode steel claws with different specifications.
The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications which are obvious to the technical scheme of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
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Claims (1)
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1. The electroslag plate electrode fusion welding crystallizer comprises an upper crystallizer (1) and a lower crystallizer (2), wherein the upper crystallizer (1) consists of an upper crystallizer main body (1-2) and an upper crystallizer cover plate (1-1) connected with the upper crystallizer main body (1-2), the lower crystallizer (2) consists of a lower crystallizer main body (2-2) and a lower crystallizer cover plate (2-1) connected with the lower crystallizer main body (2-2), and the top surface of the upper crystallizer main body (1-2) is provided with a return groove "
The mold comprises a square cavity structure (1-2-1), wherein a conical square hole (1-2-2) penetrating through the upper part and the lower part is formed in the middle of the square cavity structure (1-2-1), four first holes (1-2-3) are formed in the back of an upper mold main body (1-2), a groove (2-2-1) is formed in the middle of the bottom surface of a lower mold main body (2-2), four second holes (2-2-2) are formed in the back of the lower mold main body (2-2), the upper mold main body (1-2) is connected with an upper mold cover plate (1-1) through a plurality of screws, the lower mold main body (2-2) is connected with the lower mold cover plate (2-1) through a plurality of screws, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating red copper raw material to 1083 ℃ in a high temperature furnace to form a liquid state, casting the liquid state into blank pieces of the upper crystallizer main body (1-2) and the lower crystallizer main body (2-2) through a mould, and then repeatedly forging and extruding the blank pieces to enable the tissue structure of the red copper to be fine and remove air holes in the blank pieces so as to increase the density of the red copper to 8.92g/cm 3 The above;
(2) Putting the blank obtained in the step (1) into a vacuum furnace, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, then putting into water, cooling to prevent oxidation and eliminating stress;
(3) Placing the blank processed in the step (2) into a numerical control lathe, and performing outer wall precision processing and inner cavity finish processing according to the size required by the steel claw;
(4) Respectively installing the upper crystallizer main body (1-2) and the lower crystallizer (2-2) processed in the step (3) with the upper crystallizer cover plate (1-1) and the lower crystallizer cover plate (2-1) and fastening, connecting and sealing the upper crystallizer main body and the lower crystallizer cover plate by bolts;
(5) The back of the upper crystallizer main body (1-2) is provided with four first holes (1-2-3), and the back of the lower crystallizer main body (2-2) is provided with four second holes (2-2-2).