CN116275304A - Processing method of end teeth of air compressing impeller - Google Patents
Processing method of end teeth of air compressing impeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN116275304A CN116275304A CN202310219849.7A CN202310219849A CN116275304A CN 116275304 A CN116275304 A CN 116275304A CN 202310219849 A CN202310219849 A CN 202310219849A CN 116275304 A CN116275304 A CN 116275304A
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F15/00—Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by groups B23F7/00 - B23F13/00
- B23F15/06—Making gear teeth on the front surface of wheels, e.g. for clutches or couplings with toothed faces
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a processing method of end teeth of an air compressing impeller, which comprises the steps of mounting the impeller on a five-axis processing center, rotating the impeller by a certain angle to enable the axis of a milling cutter to be perpendicular to the bottom of the end teeth of the impeller, and obtaining a first workpiece to be milled; carrying out left-right alternate feed milling on the end teeth of the impeller by the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled; performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled; detecting the third workpiece to be milled to obtain a detection result, and then performing Z-term tool supplementing to obtain end teeth; and the end teeth are inspected, so that end tooth parts are obtained after inspection, and the problem of high processing cost of the end teeth of the existing air compressing impeller is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a processing method of end teeth of a gas compressing impeller.
Background
With the development of society, the vapor compressor market of China is larger and larger, the requirements on the vapor compressor in the aspects of pharmacy, sewage treatment and the like are higher and higher, a high-speed shaft and an impeller are used as core parts of the vapor compressor, and an end tooth matching connection mode is adopted between the high-speed shaft and the impeller, so that the vapor compressor can be centered and can transmit large torque during matching. The quality of the processing of the mating end teeth of the high speed shaft and the impeller directly affects the practical performance and service life of the vapor compressor.
The end face teeth of the air compressing impeller at the present stage mainly have two processing modes, namely milling and grinding, wherein the milling is mainly performed by adopting a three-axis milling machine or a five-axis processing center, the end teeth are milled by adopting a three-axis linkage mode by using a special milling cutter, the special milling cutter angle is specially manufactured according to the projection angle of the end teeth, the end teeth with different specifications are different, the specifications of cutters are also different, the cutter universality is low, the cutter cost is high, and the method adopts the three-axis linkage mode to mill, because each shaft of the machine tool has a reverse gap, and a certain repeated positioning precision error exists. The more the linkage shafts are, the more the shafts are affected with each other, the poorer the position accuracy of the end teeth is, and the higher the requirement on the machine tool is for the machining mode.
The five-axis machining center is used for machining the end teeth, a special milling cutter is used for milling the end teeth, the angle and the round angle of the milling cutter are identical to the structural angle and the round angle of the end teeth, the specific implementation steps are that a part is rotated to a certain angle, a machine tool main shaft is perpendicular to the bottom of the end teeth, the direction of the machine tool main shaft is fixed, then milling is carried out in the direction of a parallel tooth bottom, Z numerical values are changed, milling is carried out in the direction parallel to Y numerical values until one tooth is milled, then the C axis is rotated, and the above operation is repeated.
The grinding has loss, and the end tooth machining requirement is very high, so that the machining can be realized only by a high-precision grinding machine with automatic tool compensation. There is no suitable grinding machine in the factory to machine the end teeth, if a new machine tool is required to be purchased to machine the end teeth by adopting the grinding machine, the machining cost is greatly increased; thus, a low-cost, high-efficiency and high-quality end tooth processing method is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method of end teeth of an air compressing impeller, which aims to solve the problem of high processing cost of the end teeth of the existing air compressing impeller.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a processing method of end teeth of a gas compressing impeller, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of mounting an impeller on a five-axis machining center, and rotating the impeller to enable the axis of a milling cutter to be perpendicular to the bottom of end teeth of the impeller, so as to obtain a first workpiece to be milled;
carrying out left and right alternate feeding and end tooth milling on the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom to obtain a second workpiece to be milled;
carrying out left-right alternate feed milling on the end teeth of the impeller by the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled;
performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled;
detecting the third workpiece to be milled to obtain a detection result, and performing Z-term tool supplementing based on the detection result to obtain end teeth;
and (5) checking the end teeth, and obtaining the end tooth part after the end teeth are checked to be qualified.
The step of carrying out left-right alternate feeding and end tooth milling on the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled comprises the following steps:
and feeding the first workpiece to be milled in parallel with the bottom of the impeller in a left-right alternating manner, and adjusting the contact area between the milling cutter and the first workpiece to be milled to a preset area after the milling cutter is milled to a preset depth.
Wherein, the step of performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled in the depth direction to obtain a third workpiece to be milled includes:
the layered milling is divided into rough milling, semi-finish milling and finish milling;
the rough milling cutter for rough milling, the first finish milling cutter for semi-finish milling, the second finish milling cutter for finish milling, and the first finish milling cutter and the second finish milling cutter have the same size.
The step of performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled includes:
using the rough milling cutter to rough mill all end teeth of the second workpiece to be milled in an alternate feeding mode, wherein each rough milling cutter is used for milling a depth of 0.5 millimeter, and rough milling parts are obtained;
half finish milling all end teeth of the rough milling part by using the first finish milling cutter in an alternate feeding mode, and half finish milling each cutter to a depth of 0.2 mm to obtain a half finish milling part;
and (3) carrying out finish machining on the end teeth of the semi-finish-milled part by using the second finish milling cutter, and finish milling the allowance by 0.1mm to obtain a third workpiece to be milled.
Wherein, the step of inspecting the processed end tooth to obtain a qualified end tooth part comprises the following steps:
the surface of the end tooth is free from vibration marks and cutter marks when the eyes look at the end tooth;
and (5) checking the end teeth by using a measuring tool, wherein the circle runout of the distal end of the measuring tool is within 0.1mm, and the end teeth are qualified.
According to the processing method of the end teeth of the air compressing impeller, the impeller is arranged on a five-axis processing center, and the impeller is rotated, so that the axis of the milling cutter is perpendicular to the bottom of the end teeth of the impeller, and a first workpiece to be milled is obtained; carrying out left-right alternate feed milling on the end teeth of the impeller by the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled; performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled; detecting the third workpiece to be milled to obtain a detection result, and performing Z-term tool supplementing based on the detection result to obtain end teeth; and the end teeth are inspected, the end teeth are inspected to be qualified, and end tooth parts are obtained, so that the problem of high processing cost of the end teeth of the existing air compressing impeller is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing end teeth of a gas compressing impeller.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of end teeth of different specifications, which are mentioned in the background of the invention, wherein the angles of the end teeth are different, so that the specifications of the cutters are also different.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of end teeth of different specifications, which are mentioned in the background of the invention, and the angles of the end teeth are different, so that the specifications of the cutters are also different.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the end tooth structure of the compressor wheel.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the end tooth structure of the compressor wheel.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a special milling cutter tool.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a special milling cutter tool.
Fig. 8 is a schematic milling diagram.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of alternate feeding
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a structure before and after rough milling.
Fig. 11 is a structural diagram after semi-finish milling.
Fig. 12 is a dedicated measurement tool.
Fig. 13 is an end tooth profile and cross section.
Fig. 14 is a milling depth.
Fig. 15 is a finish milling Y-term anchor point.
Fig. 16 is all Y item anchor points.
Fig. 17 is an X item anchor point.
Fig. 18 is a rough milling feed simulation.
Fig. 19 is a semi-finish milling feed simulation.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for processing end teeth of a gas compressing impeller, comprising the following steps:
s1, an impeller is arranged on a five-axis machining center, and the impeller is rotated to enable the axis of a milling cutter to be perpendicular to the bottom of end teeth of the impeller, so that a first workpiece to be milled is obtained;
s2, carrying out left-right alternate feed milling on the end teeth of the impeller by the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled;
in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
s21 the special milling cutter is as shown in fig. 6 and 7;
s22, feeding the first workpiece to be milled alternately left and right, wherein the first workpiece to be milled is parallel to the bottom of the impeller, and after the milling cutter is milled to a preset depth, the contact area between the milling cutter and the first workpiece to be milled is adjusted to be a preset area.
S3, carrying out layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled;
in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
s31, the layered milling is divided into rough milling, semi-finish milling and finish milling;
s34, using the rough milling cutter to rough mill all end teeth of the second workpiece to be milled in an alternating feed mode, wherein each rough milling cutter mills a depth of 0.5 millimeter to obtain a rough-milled part;
s35, half finish milling all end teeth of the rough milling part by using the first finish milling cutter in an alternate feeding mode, and half finish milling each cutter to mill a depth of 0.2 mm to obtain a half finish milling part
S4, detecting the third workpiece to be milled to obtain a detection result, performing Z-term tool compensation based on the detection result to obtain end teeth,
s5, checking the end teeth, checking to be qualified, obtaining end tooth parts,
in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
s51, the surface of the end tooth is seen by naked eyes to have no vibration marks and no tool receiving marks;
s52, using a measuring tool to test the end teeth, wherein the circle runout of the distal end of the measuring tool is within 0.1mm, and the end teeth are qualified.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. and (5) layered milling. And carrying out layered milling on the depth direction, respectively carrying out rough milling, semi-finish milling and finish milling on the part, carrying out semi-finish milling on all the teeth after rough milling, and carrying out finish milling on all the teeth after semi-finish milling, thereby effectively ensuring the processing quality of the part.
2. A new knife is added. On the basis of the prior art, a rough milling cutter is added, and because the nose fillet of the rough milling cutter is larger than that of the prior milling cutter, the rough milling cutter is easier to remove chips and better in milling performance than the prior milling cutter, the cutting amount in rough machining is relatively increased, and the machining time is reduced.
3. Adopts a feeding mode of alternately feeding left and right. After the left-right alternate feed milling cutter is milled to a certain depth, one end of the feed milling cutter can slowly reduce the contact area with a workpiece, as shown in a figure eight, and one end of the cutter reduces stress and prolongs the service life of the cutter.
In order to better illustrate the processing method of the end teeth of the air compressing impeller, the following examples are provided:
referring to figures 4 to 12 of the drawings,
taking the end tooth with the diameter of 60/90 and the 16-tooth end tooth inclination of 9.822 degrees and the tooth depth of 11.173 as an example, the end tooth of the air compressing impeller is processed in a Hermle Germany Hammer C52 five-axis milling and turning compound processing center, the end tooth structure is shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the following drawings are combined:
the end tooth structure is special, the end tooth cannot be machined by using a common milling cutter, the milling cutter is customized according to the end tooth structure, the machining of the end tooth is divided into three times of machining, rough milling, semi-finish milling and finish milling, the rough milling uses a cutter, the semi-finish milling and finish milling uses a cutter but the finish milling needs to replace a new cutter, and errors caused by cutter abrasion are reduced.
In particular, the cutter is shown in fig. 6 and 7.
Clamping parts, clamping and correcting the impeller on a C52 machine tool, wherein the axial runout and the radial runout are both 0.005-0.01mm before machining.
Processing is started. After the preparation work is completed, the formal machining is carried out, and the workpiece and the coordinates are rotated 9.822 degrees first so that the axis of the cutter is perpendicular to the tooth bottom of the end tooth to be machined, as shown in fig. 8.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
rough milling. All teeth are rough-milled by using a rough milling cutter in an alternate feeding mode, wherein the structure before and after rough milling of one tooth slot is shown in fig. 10, and the feeding mode is shown in fig. 9.
Semi-finish milling. All teeth are half finish-milled by using a finish milling cutter in an alternate feeding mode, and the structure of one tooth slot after half finish milling is shown in fig. 11.
Remarks: and (3) carrying out rechecking after finishing the semi-finish milling, wherein the jump has no obvious change, and if the jump is out of tolerance, the machining can be continued after the rechecking.
Finish milling. And (5) finishing the end teeth by using a finish milling cutter.
And finally, checking. After the processing is finished, the parts are not required to be disassembled, and the surface of the end tooth is free from vibration marks and cutter connection marks. The special measuring tool is used to verify that the measuring tool distal end circle runout is within 0.1 mm.
In particular, the dedicated measuring tool is shown in fig. 12.
The machining program is particularly important for milling the end teeth, and the following programming of numerical control machining of the end teeth is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
please read with reference to figures 13-19,
the profile and cross section of the end tooth is shown in figure 13.
And the finish milling leaves a margin of 0.1mm, and the milling depth of rough milling and semi-finish milling can be drawn according to the radius of the tip of the milling cutter. As can be seen from fig. 14, the rough milling depth is 11.173-1.7= 9.473mm, and the finish milling depth is 1.7-0.2=1.5 mm
The positioning points of the cutter, which are finish-milled in parallel with the tooth bottom direction (hereinafter referred to as Y terms), are drawn, and as shown in FIG. 15, the positioning points of the finish-milled Y terms are Y54.0 and Y24.5. It should be noted that the positioning point of the tool nose is the coordinate after the coordinate is rotated, and if the positioning point is not the rotation angle picture, the coordinate is converted.
Because of the inclination of the end teeth, if Y24.5 is used as a locating point, a distance of empty cutters can be moved during rough milling, wherein the upper surfaces of the end teeth are equidistant by one millimeter, and then locating points are found for Y items according to rough milling of 0.5 millimeter one cutter and semi-finish milling of 0.2 millimeter one cutter, as shown in fig. 16.
Next, the X item is found, roughly milled, a circle with the radius the same as that of the roughly milled cutter tip is drawn, and the circle is tangent to a tooth surface equidistant by 0.1mm, as shown in fig. 17, 5.196 is the positioning of the X item when Z is 10.7, and attention is paid here to that because of alternate feeding, X is minus 5.196 when Z is 10.7, then the Z item is reduced by 0.5 again, then the finding is carried out until Z is 1.7, and half finish milling is the same as the above until Z is 0.2.
Numerical control programming is performed according to the above-found coordinates of X, Y and Z, and it is noted that the rough milling of the next tooth is performed by rotating the C axis after rough milling of one tooth, and half finish milling is performed until all the teeth are rough milled, and the finish milling is performed after the half finish milling is performed, and all the teeth are milled. The feed simulation of the rough milling and semi-finish milling procedure is shown in fig. 18 and 19.
The above disclosure is merely illustrative of a preferred embodiment of a method for machining end teeth of a compressor wheel, and it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the above-described embodiments can be implemented and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the invention still fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The processing method of the end teeth of the air compressing impeller is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the steps of mounting an impeller on a five-axis machining center, and rotating the impeller to enable the axis of a milling cutter to be perpendicular to the bottom of end teeth of the impeller, so as to obtain a first workpiece to be milled;
carrying out left-right alternate feed milling on the end teeth of the impeller by the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled;
performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled;
detecting the third workpiece to be milled to obtain a detection result, and performing Z-term tool supplementing based on the detection result to obtain end teeth;
and (5) checking the end teeth, and obtaining the end tooth part after the end teeth are checked to be qualified.
2. A method of machining an end tooth of a compressor wheel as defined in claim 1, wherein,
the step of carrying out left-right alternate feed milling of end teeth on the first workpiece to be milled parallel to the bottom of the impeller to obtain a second workpiece to be milled comprises the following steps:
and feeding the first workpiece to be milled in parallel with the bottom of the impeller in a left-right alternating manner, and adjusting the contact area between the milling cutter and the first workpiece to be milled to a preset area after the milling cutter is milled to a preset depth.
3. A method of machining an end tooth of a compressor wheel as defined in claim 2, wherein,
the step of carrying out layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled in the depth direction to obtain a third workpiece to be milled comprises the following steps:
the layered milling is classified into rough milling, semi-finish milling and finish milling.
4. A method of machining an end tooth of a compressor wheel as defined in claim 3,
the rough milling cutter for rough milling, the first finish milling cutter for semi-finish milling, the second finish milling cutter for finish milling, and the first finish milling cutter and the second finish milling cutter have the same size.
5. The method for machining the end teeth of the air compressing impeller as recited in claim 4, wherein
And performing layered milling on the second workpiece to be milled to obtain a third workpiece to be milled, wherein the layered milling comprises the following steps:
using the rough milling cutter to rough mill all end teeth of the second workpiece to be milled in an alternate feeding mode, wherein each rough milling cutter is used for milling a depth of 0.5 millimeter, and rough milling parts are obtained;
half finish milling all end teeth of the rough milling part by using the first finish milling cutter in an alternate feeding mode, and half finish milling each cutter to a depth of 0.2 mm to obtain a half finish milling part;
and (3) carrying out finish machining on the end teeth of the semi-finish-milled part by using the second finish milling cutter, and finish milling the allowance by 0.1mm to obtain a third workpiece to be milled.
6. A method of machining an end tooth of a compressor wheel as defined in claim 5, wherein,
and the end teeth are inspected, the inspection is qualified, and the end tooth part obtaining comprises the following steps:
the surface of the end tooth is free from vibration marks and cutter marks when the eyes look at the end tooth;
and (5) checking the end teeth by using a measuring tool, wherein the circle runout of the distal end of the measuring tool is within 0.1mm, and the end teeth are qualified.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310219849.7A CN116275304A (en) | 2023-03-09 | 2023-03-09 | Processing method of end teeth of air compressing impeller |
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| CN202310219849.7A CN116275304A (en) | 2023-03-09 | 2023-03-09 | Processing method of end teeth of air compressing impeller |
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