CN1162746A - Microwave sensor - Google Patents
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- CN1162746A CN1162746A CN 96108037 CN96108037A CN1162746A CN 1162746 A CN1162746 A CN 1162746A CN 96108037 CN96108037 CN 96108037 CN 96108037 A CN96108037 A CN 96108037A CN 1162746 A CN1162746 A CN 1162746A
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Abstract
A microwave sensor includes a case, an object apparatus, an antenna attached to the case, a signal processing unit and an output terminal. The antenna receives a microwave signal generated by a discharge that is created by the object apparatus. The signal processing unit amplifies and detects the signal transferred from the antenna and then passes the processed signal to the output terminal.
Description
The present invention relates to the device of a kind of detection because of aging, unusual and so on the discharge that causes of electronic installation.
Often be accompanied by the shelf depreciation of conduct phenomenon in early stage as the Fault of Insulating Breakdown of one of electronic installation catastrophic failure.Therefore, when detecting shelf depreciation, stage or in the Abnormal Insulation of the not obvious stage detection. electronics that does not also cause Fault of Insulating Breakdown in early days just.In electronics was provided with, it was very important carrying out preventive maintenance.Thereby require the electronic installation equipment to be used for the detector of fault diagnosis.
Causing owing to degradation of insulation and so on reason under the situation of shelf depreciation, when in electronic installation, in a single day discharge taking place, will produce various phenomenons, electromagnetic wave, change electromagnetic field for example take place, produce discharge pulse current, generation discharge noise and insulating material generation chemical change.Habitually in the past, proposed to utilize these phenomenons to detect the method for shelf depreciation.
Fig. 9 and 10 is synoptic diagram of the discharge detection method of expression prior art, this method is according to detecting electric current, be disclosed in technical report part ii (about the Professional Committee of the preventive maintenance of transformer) August nineteen ninety No. 344 of the NEC IEEE of NEC IEEE, the present situation and the trend ＂ of the preventive maintenance technology of ＂ transformer by name.In the drawings, reference number 21 marks need to detect the wherein destination apparatus of discharge, 22 marks, one high-voltage capacitor, and 23 mark pulse transformers, 24 mark amplifiers, 25 mark finders are oscillograph for example.
Introduce its operating mode below.High-voltage capacitor 22 is connected on the destination apparatus 21, and through pulse transformer 23 ground connection.Because the voltage oscillation that discharge causes in the destination apparatus 21 occurs with the form of the charge/discharge current of high-voltage capacitor 22.This electric current utilizes pulse transformer 23 to be transformed to voltage.Utilize amplifier 24 to amplify this voltage, utilize oscillograph and so on to observe then.
Figure 10 is that expression is according to the another kind of discharge detection method that detects discharge current.In the drawings, reference number 21 marks need to detect the wherein destination apparatus of discharge, 26 mark sieve Koffsky coils, and 24 mark amplifiers, 25 mark finders are oscillograph for example.
Introduce its operating mode below.Utilize sieve Koffsky coil 26 that forms electromagnetic coupled with the earth conductor of destination apparatus 21 and so on to obtain because the pulse current that discharge and so on produces.Utilize amplifier 24 to amplify this electric current, on oscillograph and so on, observe then.
In above two kinds of methods, frequency span is conspicuous to about 1 megahertz by hundreds of.This circuit is connected on the electronic installation through a conductor, and obtains the high-frequency signal of the wide region that produces in each circuit network of stationary distribution, and these circuit are coupled to each other by space distribution electric capacity.Thereby the internal discharge and the external noise that are difficult to observe make a distinction.In certain zone, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) often is low like that, and the lowest detection level has been uprised, thereby causes this method actually not use.
Figure 11 is the discharge detection method of expression according to the prior art that detects the discharge noise, it is disclosed in No. 344 of NEC IEEE report (part ii) (about Professional Committee of transformer preventive maintenance) August nineteen ninety of NEC IEEE, and name is called the present situation and the trend ＂ of the preventive maintenance technology of ＂ transformer.In the drawings, the destination apparatus of the oil-filled or similar mediums of reference number 27 mark one, the oil tank wall of 28 mark destination apparatus, 29 mark piezoelectric devices, 30 marks, one magnetic sheet, 31 marks, one cable.Element 29 to 31 constitutes a ultrasound wave acoustic pickup.
In the method, on the oil tank wall 28 of ultrasound wave acoustic pickup, detect the discharge noise then attached to destination apparatus.Yet sensitivity can not be brought up to satisfied level.Within the specific limits, for example be difficult to remove because the noise that the sound that the raindrop or the grains of sand and destination apparatus bump are produced causes.
In the method for another kind of prior art, the product that utilizes the chemical method analysis to decompose.According to the method, collect analysing fluid megohmite insulant (oil or gas) then, in this megohmite insulant, be scattered with the organic insulation substrate that is thermal decomposited owing to discharge.Assign to differentiate the unusual of insulation according to the one-tenth of the gas of collecting.This differentiation needs long time, requires to have the professional standing and experience to the megohmite insulant thermal decomposition.
In sequence number is the uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ corona discharge detector ＂ of SHO 62-134574, sequence number is the unusual detector ＂ of uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ electronic installation of HEI 2-29708, sequence number is to disclose in the shelf depreciation detector ＂ of uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ electronic installation of HEI 3-81674 and the uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file that sequence number is HEI 3-239971 to detect because the whole bag of tricks of the prior art of the component of the electromagnetic wave of discharge generation and electromagnetic field.
Figure 12 A and 12B are illustrated in disclosed corona discharge detector ＂ among the Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ corona discharge detector ＂ that uncensored sequence number is SHO 62-13454.In the drawings, reference number 33 mark one conductor, it is fixed on the metallic conduit 32 through support plate 34, and flows through high-tension current through it, and 35 marks are contained in being used on the pipeline 32 and detect the electromagnetic antenna that is produced by corona discharge at pipeline.Only in the time will detecting, antenna just is connected on the control device 37 through connector 36.
Introduce its operating mode below.When producing corona discharge, because discharge can generate electromagnetic waves.Antenna is pre-configured on the various position of pipeline, in the tour process, portable control device is connected on the antenna in regular turn, so that detect.When detecting the electromagnetic wave that is produced by corona discharge, differentiation has produced corona discharge.
In this system,, therefore can not detect with real-time mode because antenna and control device separate.Thereby the shortcoming that this system exists is: when control device is connected on one of them antenna, if there is not electromagnetic wave to produce, just can not detect discharge.In other words, this system has only and is only in this case effectively, and promptly degradation of insulation develops into certain phase, produced continuous discharge, but under such a case, promptly degradation of insulation is in initial stage, only produce discharge, then have and to detect discharge in discontinuous mode.
Figure 13 and 14 represents to be disclosed in the example of the prior art among the shelf depreciation detector ＂ of anomaly detector ＂ of uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ electronic installation that sequence number is HEI 2-297078 and the uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ electronic installation that sequence number is HEI 3-81674.In the drawings, reference number 38 marks one magnetic detector, wherein with lead repeatedly (circle) on magnetic core, so that detect the electromagnetic magnetic-field component that produces owing to shelf depreciation, 39 marks one receive the hyperacoustic sound reception device that is produced by shelf depreciation, and 40 mark amplifier A, 41 mark amplifier B, 42 mark discharge detection circuits, 37 marks are used to receive the ultraviolet light-receiving detector by office's cancer discharge generation, 43 Annotation Display Units.
Introduce its operating mode below.Consult Figure 13, when in destination apparatus 2, producing shelf depreciation, generate electromagnetic waves and ultrasound wave by shelf depreciation.Utilize magnetic detector to detect 38 and detect electromagnetic wave.Detected electromagnetic wave is amplified by amplifier 40, is transferred to discharge detection circuit 42 then.Utilize sound reception device 39 to detect ultrasound wave.Detected ultrasonic signal is amplified by amplifier 41, is transferred to discharge detection circuit 42 then.When discharge detection circuit when both receive input signal by magnetic detector harmony receiving trap, this circuit is differentiated and has been produced discharge, and display device 43 starts and comes into operation.When discharge detection circuit during, then differentiate disturbance has taken place only by both one of them receiving inputted signals of magnetic detector harmony receiving trap.In device shown in Figure 14,, utilize optical pickup apparatus to replace the sound reception device in order to detect the ultraviolet ray that produces by shelf depreciation.
In this system, for the perturbing area that will enter in the magnetic detector branches away, so that the raising accuracy of detection, utilize method that magnetic detector detects the electromagnetic field that shelf depreciation produces and utilize other method of sound reception device or light-receiving detector will combine utilization.Thereby the shortcoming that this system exists is to use multiple detector to make system architecture complicated.Magnetic detector is to be made of the coil that is formed on the magnetic core.The wave frequency that this structure can detect is up to several megahertzes.Because the electromagnetic wave of this frequency band has used in many instances, therefore not remaining vacant interval between each frequency, is difficult to prevent disturb enter magnetic detector, causes this system to use in conjunction with another system.
Figure 15 A and 15B represent to be disclosed in the enforcement of a prior art that sequence number is the uncensored Japanese Patent Application Publication file ＂ corona discharge detector ＂ of HEI 3-239971.In the drawings, reference number 45 mark one detector assembly, one group of microcircuit antenna of 46 marks, they are differing from one another aspect the electromagnetic induction frequency, as a whole the frequency range of Fu Gaiing be 10 kilo hertzs to 1 kilo-mega cycles per second.Reference number 48 marks need the device of measurement, and 49 marks one are detecting device relatively, and 50 marks are used for the phantom antenna of walkaway, and 51 represent CPU, and 52 represent RAM, and 53 represent ROM, and 54 represent CRT, and 55 represent printer.
Introduce its operating mode below.Because the corona discharge that the degradation of insulation of device being tested 48 produces generates electromagnetic waves.Each component from 10 kilo hertzs to 1 kilo-mega cycles per second that utilizes antenna 46 to receive in the electromagnetic wave is provided to comparison expression detecting device 49 through concentric cable 47 then.Receive aerial noise by phantom antenna 50, be provided to comparison expression detecting device 49 then.To compare each other by the electromagnetic wave and the noise signal of discharge generation, produce relatively output by the comparison expression detecting device.Utilize CPU to handle, showing on the CRT 54 and on the printer 55 then relatively exporting.
In this system, owing to must receive bandwidth by discharge generation by 10 kilo hertzs of electromagnetic waves, so a plurality of antennas of needs to 1 kilo-mega cycles per second.And this frequency band has been applied in a lot of occasions, therefore, for electromagnetic wave and external noise difference are come, must dispose an exterior antenna as object of reference.
Owing to adopt the method according to the prior art of the detection discharge of above-mentioned formation, this method is easy to the influence that is interfered within the specific limits.Therefore in order correctly to obtain the electric discharge phenomena signal, multiple detection method and noise elimination apparatus must be used in combination.
In the method for detection by the electromagnetic prior art of discharge generation, the echo signal frequency is not higher than 1 kilo-mega cycles per second.As shown in figure 16, have very wide spectral range by the electromagnetic wave of discharge generation, expand to the microwave of tens kilo-mega cycles per seconds from several kilo hertzs low frequencies, its characteristic is proportional with 1/f (wherein f is a frequency) basically for its distribution.Therefore in the time need discharging, can detect effectively according to receiving the low frequency electromagnetic wave structure according to Electromagnetic Wave Detection.In the prior art, do not adopt the structure of utilizing microwave.Employed low frequency range is the zone that is utilized in the mode of being crowded with of electromagnetic wave wherein in adopt receiving the low frequency electromagnetic wave structure.Therefore, the shortcoming of this structure is to be easy to be subjected to other electromagnetic influence, so must to use in conjunction with the noise/interference cancellation element.
In order to solve problem discussed above, the present invention notices that the electromagnetic frequency range by discharge generation expands to this fact of microwave region when implementing.Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of being easy to and correctly and with real-time mode detect the microwave detector that discharge is subjected to disturbing effect hardly, wherein extract the frequency component that is in the microwave band.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of microwave detector, it comprises: an antenna assembly, be used for receiving microwave signal by the discharge generation that produces at electronic installation, its place electronic installation near; First bandpass filter only makes the predetermined frequency signal of the microwave signal that is received by antenna assembly pass through wave filter; Multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the microwave signal by the output of first bandpass filter; Second bandpass filter, it eliminates the noise that is produced by amplifier installation; Converting means is used for the microwave signal by the output of second bandpass filter is transformed to picture signal; And the picture signal multiplying arrangement, be used to amplify picture signal by converting means output.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of microwave detector, it comprises: antenna element, be used for receiving the microwave signal of the discharge generation that produces by electronic installation, place electronic installation near; First band pass filter means, the predetermined frequency signal that only makes the microwave signal that is received by antenna is by this wave filter; Multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the microwave signal by the output of first bandpass filter; Signal generation apparatus is used to export an oscillator signal; Mixer device is used to receive from the microwave signal of multiplying arrangement with from the oscillator signal of signal generation apparatus, and two signals are mixed with each other, and forms the signal of an intermediate frequency; Second bandpass filter is used for eliminating the noise by the intermediate frequency signal of mixer device output; The intermediate frequency signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the intermediate frequency signal by the output of second bandpass filter; Converting means is used for the intermediate frequency signal by the output of intermediate frequency signal multiplying arrangement is transformed to picture signal; And the picture signal multiplying arrangement, be used to amplify picture signal by converting means output.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide a kind of microwave detector, it comprises: antenna assembly, be used for receiving the microwave signal of the discharge generation that takes place by electronic installation, and place near the electronic installation; First bandpass filter only makes the predetermined frequency signal in the microwave signal that is received by antenna assembly pass through this wave filter; Multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the microwave signal by the output of first bandpass filter; Signal generation apparatus is used to export an oscillator signal; Mixer device, be used to receive from the microwave signal of multiplying arrangement with from the oscillator signal of signal generation apparatus, two signals are mixed with each other, form an intermediate frequency signal, second bandpass filter is used to eliminate the noise by the intermediate frequency signal of mixer device output; The intermediate frequency signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the intermediate frequency signal by the output of second bandpass filter; Logarithm amplifies and converting means, is used to amplify by the intermediate frequency signal of second bandpass filter output and is picture signal with this signal transformation; The picture signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the picture signal by logarithm amplifies and converting means is exported.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide a kind of microwave detector, it comprises: in the multiplying arrangement previous stage: coupling device is used to obtain a part of microwave signal; Comparison means, the electromagnetic wave level that is used for the microwave signal that will be obtained by coupling device is compared with predetermined numerical value; Attenuating device, this microwave signal that is used to decay, and conversion equipment are used for microwave signal is transformed into attenuating device, and the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal on being provided to comparison means is when being not less than this predetermined value, and conversion equipment is transformed into attenuating device automatically.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of microwave detector is provided, and it comprises: the interrupting device in the multiplying arrangement previous stage, when being used for electromagnetic wave level when microwave signal greater than predetermined value, interrupt microwave signal, this interrupting device comprises a switch and a terminal.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide a kind of microwave detector, it is included in the limiter in the multiplying arrangement previous stage, when the electromagnetic wave level of microwave signal during greater than predetermined value, limits the electromagnetic wave level of this microwave signal.
In microwave detector of the present invention, reception is by the microwave signal in the electromagnetic wave of the discharge generation that produces in electronic installation, the preset frequency that first bandpass filter makes the microwave signal that is received by antenna element is through passing through therebetween, and multiplying arrangement is to being amplified by the microwave signal of first bandpass filter output.Second band pass filter means is eliminated the noise that is produced by multiplying arrangement, and converting means will be transformed to picture signal by the microwave signal of second bandpass filter output, and the picture signal multiplying arrangement is to being amplified by the picture signal of converting means output.Utilize the optional viewing device to show this picture signal, so that detect the generation of discharge.
Mixer device receives this microwave signal and from the oscillator signal of signal generation apparatus, two signals is mixed each other, so that form the signal of an intermediate frequency, improves the stability of detector whereby.
Logarithm amplifies and converting means amplifies intermediate frequency signal, increase responding range whereby, and this signal transformation is picture signal.
When the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal on being provided to comparison means was not less than predetermined value, switchgear automatically was transformed into attenuating device, makes microwave signature attenuation, improved the dynamic range of converting means.
When the electromagnetic wave level of microwave signal during greater than predetermined value, the interrupting device that comprises a switch and a terminal interrupts microwave signal, so that the protection low noise amplifier can not imported too high signal level.
When the electromagnetic wave level of microwave signal during greater than a predetermined value, limiter limits the electromagnetic wave level of this microwave signal, protects low noise amplifier can not import too high signal level whereby.
Following introduction in conjunction with the drawings will make above and other objects of the present invention and feature more obvious:
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the structure of expression one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 2 A, 2B and 2C are the synoptic diagram of expression this embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A, 3B are the synoptic diagram of an example of the display screen in the expression this embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the calcspar of expression another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the expression calcspar of an embodiment more of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the expression calcspar of an embodiment more of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the expression calcspar of an embodiment more of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the expression calcspar of an embodiment more of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the calcspar of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 10 is the calcspar of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 11 is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 12 A and 12B are the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 13 is the calcspar of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 14 is the calcspar of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 15 A and 15B are the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of expression prior art;
Figure 16 is the characteristic curve diagram of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum of discharge generation;
Figure 17 is the expression synoptic diagram of an embodiment more of the present invention;
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are introduced in more detail.Embodiment 1
With reference to the accompanying drawings one embodiment of the present of invention are introduced.Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of expression according to the structure of the detector that is used for electronic installation of the present invention, and Fig. 2 A is the calcspar of detector; Fig. 2 B is the level synoptic diagram of a signal and a voltage; And Fig. 2 C is the curve map of I/O characteristic that expression is used for the detector of electronic installation.In Fig. 1, reference number 1 representative may produce the housing of the destination apparatus of discharge, 2 represent this destination apparatus, 3 represent an antenna, are used to receive the microwave signal by discharge generation, and it is attached on the destination apparatus housing 1,4 representatives are connected to the signal processing apparatus on the antenna 3, its amplification and detect microwave signal, and the picture signal of amplification detection, and 13 output terminals of representing output image signal.This microwave detector is made up of antenna 3, signal processing apparatus 4 and output terminal 13.Fig. 2 A is the calcspar that expression is used for the detector of electronic installation.In the drawings, reference number 3 representatives receive the microwave signal by discharge generation, 5a represents the bandpass filter of high frequency band, it only allows to be passed through by the assigned frequency component of the microwave signal of antenna reception, 6 represent a low noise amplifier, bandpass filter 5a and output are amplified, the 5b representative is used for the bandpass filter of high frequency band, 10 represent a wave detector, it is a converting means, be used for and will be transformed to picture signal by the microwave signal of bandpass filter 5b output, the image signal amplifier of these picture signals is amplified in 11 representatives, and 13 output terminals of representing output image signal.
Introduce its operating mode below.Consult Fig. 2 A and 2B, utilize antenna 3 can receive by the power of discharge generation in the electronic installation be P1 microwave signal f1 (5 kilo-mega cycles per seconds for example, as shown in figure 16).The gain of being exported according to antenna by antenna makes power bring up to the signal f1 of P2 then.After this, signal f1 is by the bandpass filter 5a of high frequency band, and the output of this wave filter is because the P3 that the loss power of wave filter reduces.After this, to be amplified to level by low noise amplifier 6 be P4 in this output.Have only the component of signal that needs just to be allowed to by bandpass filter 5b.Utilizing wave detector 10 directly microwave signal to be transformed to picture signal (level is V1), is a DC signal.Utilize image signal amplifier 11 that picture signal is enlarged into the signal of level for V2, through output terminal 13 outputs.Because frequency is lower, and is higher by the electromagnetic power level (seeing Figure 16) of discharge generation.After this, bandpass filter 5a tolerance frequency be the signal of f1 ± hundreds of megahertz (for example f ± 100 megahertzes) from passing through therebetween, make the semiconductor devices (for example low noise amplifier 6) of detector can prevent to be damaged owing to the low-frequency electromagnetic wave of high power levels.Because the noise that in low noise amplifier 6, produces, noise is added among the signal f1.In the usual way, use bandpass filter 5b so that eliminate this noise.Utilize for example oscillograph observation output signal of optional viewing device.Shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B, for example, on screen, show the plus or minus half-wave part of the envelope signal of microwave signal.
In Fig. 2 B, represent the maximum level that detects by the top straight line, utilize the bottom straight line to represent the minimum detection level.Even under the identical situation of frequency, the electromagnetic wave power level also changes with discharge mode.The electromagnetic level that produces in the unusual initial stage of electronic installation is very low, or is-100 to-80 decibels.Need to detect minimum level.
Along with the development of electronic installation abnormal conditions, the intensity of discharge increases, and is also increased by the electromagnetic level of discharge generation, therefore, preferably makes dynamic range big as much as possible.Yet dynamic range is subjected to making the restriction of the characteristic (for example saturated) of used various elements, therefore, defines the maximum level Pmax that detects.
Fig. 2 C represents the I/O characteristic of detector.According to above-mentioned working result, the corresponding picture signal that is between minimum and maximum level Pmin of detection and the Pmax of the level of output and microwave signal.Characteristic according to using the semiconductor devices in detector etc. has determined various I/O characteristics.Therefore, when the level of microwave signal was not higher than Pmin, this microwave signal ＂ hid ＂ ＂ after the noise ＂ of detector itself, made to detect this microwave signal.When the level of microwave signal was not less than Vmax, amplifier or wave detector were saturated, can not obtain level and surpass peaked picture signal output.
The receiving sensitivity of the structure of this embodiment is not very high, but is enough for the discharged condition of for example penetrating the high electromagnetic wave level (approximately-80 to-50 decibels) of generation by the arc discharge or the spark discharge width of cloth.Therefore, this embodiment is applicable to the electromagnetic wave of the level that detection is high relatively.
As mentioned above, the electromagnetic wave of discharge generation has wide band each frequency component, takes microwave band to from low frequency.Therefore the frequency band that is lower than microwave band is easy to be interfered by for example occupied for the various electromagnetic waves of broadcast wave and communication ripple.In contrast, microwave is restricted on using, and it produces very big decay in the space, is difficult to be subjected to the electromagnetic influence in the space.Therefore, microwave is muting basically.With utilize sound wave different, utilize this embodiment of microwave not need the noise that is produced by the phenomenon that is different from discharge is taked the counteracting measure, thereby can right judgement.
Under the situation of using low-frequency band,, need a kind of device of eliminating electromagnetic wave noise in order to detect discharge.In this embodiment, this device then not necessarily, this wave detector directly is transformed to picture signal with microwave, makes that circuit structure is simple.In addition, owing to use microwave band, the each several part of detector can constitute according to very little size.Therefore,, make the microwave detector microminiaturization, can produce economically according to this embodiment.
Can utilize the directionality of antenna, detect the discharge in optional spatial dimension.
In this embodiment, the each several part of detector can constitute according to very little size, realizes contactless discharge detection method.Thereby detector is installed the restriction that is not subjected to insulation distance and mounting means.
In this embodiment, get with mode reed of electricity because the signal (discharge-electromagnetism wave amplitude is penetrated) that the fundamemtal phenomena that discharge causes produces.Therefore, with chemical method (decomposition-collection of discharge-heating-organic insulation material-analysis-detection), can detect and be easier to judge discharge quickly.
Owing to can make the detector microminiaturization, can dispose a lot of detectors, the feasible position that produces according to the differential analysis electromagnetic wave of detection time and level etc.Embodiment 2
To introduce another embodiment of the present invention below.At the initial period of electronic installation degradation of insulation, produce very little discharge basically, the electromagnetic level that the width of cloth is penetrated under this discharge condition is low.According to viewpoint, must detect the discharge of this level to the electronic installation preventive maintenance.When the signal processing apparatus of detector when the microwave Direct Transform is constituted for the direct detection system of being introduced as embodiment 1 of-DC signal, the gain of low noise amplifier 6 must high (about 80 decibels).In this case, amplifier is easy to produce vibration, makes to be difficult to detect.
The structure of this embodiment makes no longer needs the low noise amplifier 6 of high-gain, just can detect low level electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 4 is the calcspar of expression one microwave detector structure.In the drawings, with reference to digital 3,5a, 6,10,11 with each ingredients of 13 representatives with identical to each counterpart among the embodiment 1 in Fig. 2 A, they no longer are introduced.Represent a frequency mixer with reference to digital 7, the frequency of the frequency of an intermediate frequency signal of its output and the microwave signal of exporting by low noise amplifier 6 and corresponding by the difference between the assigned frequency of the oscillator signal of oscillator 8.The bandpass filter of intermediate frequency frequency band is represented in reference digital 12, is used for eliminating at the spur signal of device 7 generations frequently that disappears, the intermediate frequency signal amplifier that 9 representatives are amplified the output of bandpass filter 12.
Introduce its operating mode below.Antenna 3 receives by the microwave signal f1 that produces discharge generation in the electronic installation.Signal f1 is provided to frequency mixer 7 then by bandpass filter 5a, be amplified to predetermined level by low noise amplifier 6.Providing frequency by oscillator 8 output terminals by frequency mixer 7 is the signal of f2.The result is by the signal of frequency mixer 7 output intermediate frequency f3=f1-f2.Frequency f 2 is predetermined, makes the intermediate frequency of signal f3 be about the hundreds of megahertz.By extracting a required signal in this signal, utilize intermediate frequency signal amplifier 9 to amplify by bandpass filter 12, utilize this wave detector 10 to be transformed to picture signal then.Utilize image signal amplifier 11 to amplify this picture signal, then through output terminal 13 outputs.When frequency mixer 7 carries out frequency transformation, produce the spur signal of 2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1.Utilize bandpass filter 12 to eliminate these spur signals.For example the optional viewing device for example oscillograph observe output signal by the transmission of this output terminal.
When single-frequency signals was amplified, low noise amplifier must have high-gain.In amplifier,, for example vibrate then through having problems to the unifrequency high-gain.In said structure, this frequency is transformed, and the amplifier that is respectively applied for high frequency and intermediate frequency part is provided respectively.Therefore, improved the stability of detector, prevented from for example to occur for the problem of vibrating.When frequency is low, can make Amplifier Gain higher under stable situation.Thereby, the gain of intermediate frequency signal amplifier 9 can be easy to set higherly, must be lower with the gain setting of low noise amplifier 6, make it possible to detect reliably by the low level electromagnetic wave of having of discharge generation, improve whereby and detect performance.Embodiment 3
Consult accompanying drawing below, the special introduction carried out an improved embodiment in order to enlarge responding range.
Fig. 5 is the calcspar of expression one microwave detector structure.In the drawings, by reference number 3,5a, 6,10,11 with each ingredients of 13 representatives with represent that at Fig. 4 the counterpart among the embodiment 2 is identical, they are no longer introduced.Reference number 14 is represented a logarithm amplifier, and it is exported bandpass filter 12 and carries out linearity-log-transformation and amplification, exports with the form of picture signal then.
Introduce its operating mode below.The microwave signal f1 that antenna 3 receives by discharge generation in the electronic installation.Signal f1 is amplified to predetermined level by the logical filter 5a of band by low noise amplifier 6, is provided to frequency mixer 7 then.
Providing frequency by the output terminal of oscillator 8 to frequency mixer 7 is the signal of f2.The result is by the signal of frequency mixer 7 outputs one intermediate frequency f3=f1-f2.The bandpass filter 12 that the signal f3 that is exported by frequency mixer 7 leads to the intermediate frequency frequency band is so that only extract required signal.The signal that is extracted is carried out linearity-log-transformation and amplification in logarithmic amplifier 14, export with the form of picture signal then.Utilize image signal amplifier n that this picture signal is amplified output then.
According to this configuration, be about 20 to 30 decibels situation contrast with the responding range in embodiment 2, this embodiment guarantees that responding range is 50 to 60 decibels, thereby increases by 20 decibels at least.Thereby minimum can reach 100 times responding range.
According to this configuration, responding range can be expanded, and detects performance and further improves.Embodiment 4
To introduce improvement structure with reference to the accompanying drawings for this embodiment of the dynamic range that guarantees the detector in embodiment 1 and 2.Fig. 6 be in the microwave detector from antenna 3 to low noise amplifier the calcspar of the each several part 6 these segment limits.In the drawings, by with reference to digital 3,5a, 6,10,11 identical with the counterpart of in Fig. 2, representing embodiment 1, they are no longer introduced with each ingredient of 13 representatives.
Introduce its operating mode below.The microwave signal f1 that antenna 3 receives by the electronic installation discharge generation.Signal f1 is by bandpass filter 5a, and switch 15 is changed antenna 16 in groups in addition, makes this signal level attenuation.After this, this signal is provided to low noise amplifier 6.The dynamic range of this detecting device 10 is limited to about 30 decibels.Because attenuator 16 when level is changed, makes the input signal scalable of this wave detector 10, it is under 30 decibels the situation, can increase to 60 decibels as the numerical value at attenuator that the dynamic range of detector can be increased to a very big numerical example when detected signal.Then the operating mode behind the low noise amplifier is identical with the operating mode of embodiment 1 and 2.
According to this structure, the dynamic range of detector can enlarge, and detects performance and further improves.Embodiment 5
Introduce this embodiment below with reference to accompanying drawings.Fig. 7 is the calcspar of the each several part of the microwave detector of 6 these scopes from antenna 3 to low noise amplifier.With reference to digital 3,5a, 15 identical with counterpart in Fig. 2 and 6, they are no longer introduced in the drawings with the ingredients of 6 representatives.Represent a terminal with reference to number 17, utilize the conversion operations of switch 15 to make it possible to its input microwave signal.
Introduce its operating mode below.Antenna 3 is received in the microwave signal f1 of discharge generation in the electronic equipment.Signal f1 is provided to low noise amplifier 6 through switch 15 then by bandpass filter 5a.Then the operating mode behind the low noise amplifier is identical with counterpart among the embodiment 1 to 3.Switch 15 normally is connected to low noise amplifier 6.In some device of detector is installed, this situation may appear, decides by running status, clearly owing to appearance discharge and so on, thereby sniffer was subjected to the effect of the input signal of high level probably.Under this situation, change the state of switch 15, make switch be connected to terminal 17.So just prevent that low noise amplifier 6 was subjected to the effect of high level input signal, therefore improve the reliability of detector.
Same mode among the embodiment 4 that represents according to Fig. 6, the detector that comprises coupling mechanism 19 and comparer 20 can be connected on the previous stage of switch 15, make that switch 15 is transformed on the terminal 17 automatically when the signal of crossing high level that may damage low noise amplifier 6 is imported.
According to this configuration, can protect low noise amplifier not to be subjected to the effect of the input signal of high level, improve the reliability of detector whereby.Embodiment 6
Introduce this embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.Fig. 8 is the calcspar by the each several part of the microwave detector in this zone from the antenna to the low noise amplifier.Identical by the ingredients of reference number 3,5a and 6 representatives in the drawings with counterpart among Fig. 2, they are no longer introduced.Represent a stop with reference to number 18, prevented the microwave signal input of high level.
Introduce its operating mode below.Antenna 3 is received in the microwave signal that produces discharge generation in the electronic installation.Signal f1 is through bandpass filter 5a, is provided to low noise amplifier 6 through the limiter 18 that is used to protect the high level signal input then.Then the operating mode behind the low noise amplifier is identical with counterpart among the embodiment 1 to 3.Under normal user mode, the electromagnetic signal level that is input in the detector is low.When producing the phenomenon do not wish to take place in the destination apparatus that detector is housed, have this situation and cross the electromagnetic wave signal of high level and be input to antenna 3, and the electron device of tamper detection device.Damage in order to protect low noise amplifier 6 not caused by this phenomenon of not wishing to take place is linked into limiter 18 on the previous stage of low noise amplifier 6, makes the signal that is higher than a certain level can not be input to this amplifier.So just prevent the influence that low noise amplifier 6 is not imported by a signal of crossing high level, the reliability of detector is improved.
According to this structure, can protect low noise amplifier not to be subjected to the influence of the input signal of high level, thereby improve the reliability of detector.Embodiment 7
To introduce an embodiment more of the present invention below.
Figure 17 is the synoptic diagram of expression microwave detector work, and this detector is towards an enclosure space that is limited by metal.In the drawings, reference number 3,4 and 13 is represented microwave detector of the present invention, signal processing apparatus and image output respectively, and 56 represent an enclosure space, and for example by the housing of metallic seal, 57 represent discharge source, and 58 and 59 represent the electromagnetic wave propagation passage.
Below, introduce its operating mode.In a single day when in enclosure space 56, discharging, by radiating the three-dimensional direction in some edge width of cloth radio magnetic wave towards periphery.When electromagnetic wave propagation that the width of cloth is penetrated, arrive the wall of enclosure space 56, because the wall of enclosure space 56 is metal, electromagnetic wave 58 is reflected.In enclosure space, in the repeated reflection, in the process of this repeated reflection, have the antenna 3 that electromagnetic wave reaches microwave detector.Certainly, also have some electromagnetic wave 59 directly to arrive antenna 3 from radial site.Therefore, the antenna 3 that arrives microwave detector in compound each other mode from the direct wave 59 and the reflection wave 58 of radial site.Thereby the level of received signal improves, and sensitivity is increased.
As mentioned above, during discharge in detecting enclosure space, be to arrive antenna in compound each other mode by the direct wave and the reflection wave of discharge generation.The signal level that receives improves, Gu and sensitivity increases.Can detect the electromagnetic wave of discharge generation according to reflection wave.Therefore, even when between point of discharge and microwave detector, having obstacle, also can detect discharge.Thereby the number of detector configuration can reduce, and selects the degree of freedom of installation site to increase.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, this microwave detector comprises: antenna element is used to be received in the microwave signal of electronic installation discharge generation; First bandpass filter, its predetermined frequency signal that only makes the microwave signal that is received by antenna are from wherein passing through, and multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the microwave signal by the output of first bandpass filter; Second bandpass filter, it eliminates the noise that is produced by multiplying arrangement; Converting means is used for the microwave signal by the output of second bandpass filter is transformed to picture signal; The picture signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the picture signal by converting means output.Therefore, the interference-free influence of microwave detector has very high reliability, can detect discharge reliably.In addition, owing to use microwave band, detector integral body can be microminiaturized.This just makes it possible to a lot of detectors can be installed on the electronic installation, can measure discharge position.
This microwave detector comprises: the signal generation apparatus that is used for outputting oscillation signal; And mixer device, be used to receive from the microwave signal of multiplying arrangement with from the oscillator signal of signal generation apparatus, two signals are mixed with each other, to form intermediate frequency signal.Therefore, improve the stability of detector, can detect low level discharge.
In addition, this microwave detector comprises: be used to amplify intermediate frequency signal and with the logarithm multiplying arrangement of this signal transformation picture signal.Therefore, responding range can enlarge, and detects performance and can further improve.
When the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal on being provided to comparison means was not less than a predetermined value, switchgear was transformed into attenuating device automatically, and therefore, the dynamic range of detector can enlarge, and detection performance can further improve.
This microwave detector comprises interrupting device, when being used for electromagnetic wave level when microwave signal greater than a predetermined value, interrupts microwave signal.Interrupting device comprises a switch and a terminal.Therefore, can protect low noise amplifier not to be subjected to the influence of the signal input of high level, improve the reliability of detector whereby.
This microwave detector comprises a limiter, and when microwave signal electromagnetic wave level during greater than a predetermined value, restriction is provided to the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal of low noise amplifier.Therefore, can protect low noise amplifier not to be subjected to the influence of the signal input of high level, improve the reliability of detector whereby.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention having been carried out introducing this for the purpose of explanation introduction is not to plan to limit the invention to described definite form as possible, according to top introduction or by realizing various improvement and variation to practice of the present invention.In order to explain principle of the present invention and application thereof, so that person skilled in the art can utilize the present invention, select and introduced this embodiment, various embodiment and various improvement are applicable to any application-specific of expection.Protection scope of the present invention is to be limited by claim that is proposed or equivalent.
Claims (9)
1. microwave detector is characterized in that comprising: the antenna assembly unit, the microwave signal that it is used for receiving by in the electronic installation discharge generation, place electronic installation near,
First band pass filter means only makes by predetermined frequency signal in the microwave signal of antenna element reception and passes through this wave filter,
Multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the microwave signal by described first bandpass filter output,
Second bandpass filter is used to eliminate the noise that is produced by described multiplying arrangement,
Converting means is used for the microwave signal by the output of the logical ripple device frequently of described second band is transformed to picture signal, and
The picture signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the picture signal by described converting means output.
2. microwave detector is characterized in that comprising:
Antenna element is used for receiving the microwave signal by the discharge generation that takes place at electronic installation, places near the electronic installation,
First bandpass filter only makes the predetermined frequency signal in the microwave signal that is received by described antenna element pass through described wave filter,
Multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the microwave signal by described first bandpass filter output,
Signal generation apparatus is used for outputting oscillation signal,
Mixer device is used to receive from the microwave signal of multiplying arrangement with from the oscillator signal of described signal generation apparatus, and two signals are mixed with each other, and forms an intermediate frequency signal,
Second bandpass filter is used for eliminating the noise by the intermediate frequency signal of described mixer device output,
The intermediate frequency signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the intermediate frequency signal by described second bandpass filter output,
Converting means is used for the intermediate frequency signal by described intermediate frequency signal multiplying arrangement output is transformed to picture signal, and
The picture signal multiplying arrangement is used to amplify the picture signal by described converting means output.
3. microwave detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that described converting means comprises a logarithm and amplifies and converting means, and the intermediate frequency signal that is used to amplify by described second bandpass filter output is a picture signal with being used for this signal transformation.
4. microwave detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also being included in the coupling device in the described multiplying arrangement previous stage, be used to obtain the part microwave signal, comparison means, be used for the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal that will obtain by described coupling device and a predetermined value relatively, attenuating device this microwave signal that is used to decay, and conversion equipment, be used for this microwave signal is transformed into described attenuating device, and when the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal that is provided to described comparison means was not less than this predetermined value, described conversion equipment was transformed into described attenuating device automatically.
5. microwave detector according to claim 2, it is characterized in that also being included in the described multiplying arrangement previous stage: coupling device, be used to obtain a part of microwave signal, comparison means is used for the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal that will be obtained by described coupling device and a predetermined numeric ratio; Attenuating device, this microwave signal that is used to decay, and conversion equipment are used for microwave signal is transformed into attenuating device, and the electromagnetic wave level of the microwave signal on being provided to comparison means is when being not less than this predetermined value, and described conversion equipment is transformed into attenuating device automatically.
6. microwave detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also being included in the interrupting device in the described multiplying arrangement previous stage, when being used for electromagnetic wave level when microwave signal greater than a predetermined value, interrupt microwave signal, described interrupting device comprises a switch and a terminal.
7. microwave detector according to claim 2, it is characterized in that also being included in the interrupting device in the described multiplying arrangement previous stage, when being used for electromagnetic wave level when microwave signal greater than a predetermined value, interrupt microwave signal, described interrupting device comprises a switch and a terminal.
8. microwave detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that also being included in the limiter in the described multiplying arrangement previous stage, when the electromagnetic wave level of microwave signal during greater than a predetermined value, limits the electromagnetic wave level of this microwave signal.
9. microwave detector according to claim 2 is characterized in that also being included in the limiter in the described multiplying arrangement previous stage, when the electromagnetic wave level of microwave signal during greater than a predetermined value, limits the electromagnetic wave level of this microwave signal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96108037 CN1162746A (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1996-04-15 | Microwave sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96108037 CN1162746A (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1996-04-15 | Microwave sensor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1162746A true CN1162746A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96108037 Pending CN1162746A (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1996-04-15 | Microwave sensor |
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| CN103713243A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | 10-V switch cabinet internal discharge detection device based on electromagnetic wave antenna receiving array |
| CN105425131A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-03-23 | 众芯汉创（北京）科技有限公司 | Safety early warning system and method for electric transmission line |
| CN106338647A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | Circuit and method for retraining instant increase and oscillation of power in microwave power probe |
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- 1996-04-15 CN CN 96108037 patent/CN1162746A/en active Pending
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| CN112327069A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2021-02-05 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | In-tool ESD event monitoring method and apparatus |
| CN103713243A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | 10-V switch cabinet internal discharge detection device based on electromagnetic wave antenna receiving array |
| CN103713243B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-08-24 | 国家电网公司 | 10V inside switch cabinet discharging detection device based on electromagnetic antenna receiving array |
| CN105425131A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-03-23 | 众芯汉创（北京）科技有限公司 | Safety early warning system and method for electric transmission line |
| CN106338647A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2017-01-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | Circuit and method for retraining instant increase and oscillation of power in microwave power probe |
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| CN109633288A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 贵州航天计量测试技术研究所 | Mechanism of High Power Microwave Pulse signal strength test macro and method in a kind of closed bin |
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| CN112187364A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 大连优迅科技有限公司 | High-speed broadband microwave detector module |
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