CN116270636A - 一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物 - Google Patents
一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物,是以胡椒碱和/或其衍生物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制成而成的。能够明显改善视网膜缺血引起的症状,可用于治疗或改善视网膜缺血症或是带有视网膜缺血的疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及眼部疾病治疗或缓解药物领域,具体涉及一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物。
背景技术
在很多跟视网膜相关的疾病中均检测到视网膜缺血的情况,这些疾病主要有视网膜血管阻塞、新生血管性老年有关黄斑部退化及视网膜发育异常等疾病。因此针对视网膜缺血的治疗或许会明显改善这些疾病。
胡椒碱是一种广谱抗惊厥药,化学式为C17H19NO3,无色单斜棱形晶体,无气味,有尝后灼烧感。对石蕊试剂呈中性。易溶于氯仿、乙醇、乙醚,溶于苯和乙酸,几乎不溶于水和石油。可以在为胡椒科植物胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)的干燥近成熟或成熟果实中提取倒。对大鼠实验性电惊厥有良好的对抗作用,对戊四氮、印防己毒素、士的宁,以及脑室内注射筒箭毒碱、谷氨酸等引起的惊厥发作和听源性发作,都有不同程度的对抗作用。对某些类型的癫痫病也有疗效。未见胡椒碱用于治疗或改善视网膜缺血相关疾病的报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是视网膜缺血相关疾病的治疗或改善,目的在于提供一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物,为胡椒碱提供了一种新的用途,也为视网膜缺血的治疗或改善提供了一种新的,有效的方式。
本发明提供了一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物,是以胡椒碱和/或其衍生物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制成而成的。
其中:胡椒碱衍生物是指具有和胡椒碱发挥相同作用的衍生物,例如:四氢胡椒碱、胡椒脂碱(Chavicine)、椒新碱(Piperanine)、胡椒阿明碱(Piperamine)、胡椒林碱(Piperyline)、胡椒油碱A(Piperoleine A)、胡椒油碱B(Piperoleine B)、荜拨环碱(Pipernonaline)、胡椒酰胺(pipercide)、几内亚胡椒酰胺(guineensine)、荜茇酰胺(longamide)、氢荜茇明宁碱(dihydropiperlonguminine)、胡椒环丁酰胺A(Pipercyclobutanamide A)、胡椒环丁酰胺C(Pipercyclobutanamide C)、胡椒环丁酰胺G(Pipercyclobutanamide G)、胡椒环丁酰胺H(Pipercyclobutanamide H)、(4E)-4-戊烯-1-酮、5-(1,3-苯并二氧基-5-基)-1-(1-哌啶基)((4E)-4-Penten-1-one,5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(1-piperidinyl))等等。这里所说的相同作用是指能够治疗或改善视网膜缺血。
其中,视网膜功能损伤保护药物为液体制剂、固体制剂、喷剂、气雾剂、注射剂、混悬剂、乳剂或溶液剂。
其中,视网膜功能损伤为缺血性视网膜损伤。
其中,药物为哺乳动物用药。
其中,药物为人用药。
其中,胡椒碱和/或其衍生物通过抑制或激活APE1蛋白功能表达来实现视网膜功能损伤的修复或缓解损伤。
其中,辅料包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、香味剂、甜味剂、色素中的至少一种。
其中,根据本发明实验发现,对于大鼠,胡椒碱和/或其衍生物的给药量为18mg/kg~22mg/kg时,疗效显著。根据大鼠和人的剂量换算关系,对于人,胡椒碱和/或其衍生物的给药量应为1.8mg/kg~2.2mg/kg,以60kg的成人计算,每日54mg~66mg的胡椒碱和/或其衍生物。
本发明试验证实,胡椒碱或其衍生物能够明显改善视网膜缺血引起的视神经组织坏死,水肿缓解,明显改善视神经的血管损伤,并且还降低了细胞凋亡比率,由此可说明,胡椒碱或其衍生物通过保护视网膜神经来改善或治疗视网膜缺血,为临床防治视网膜缺血提供了一种新的,有效的选择。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本急速思想前提下,可以作出其它多种形式的修改,替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的土述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明土述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明土述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明示例性实施方式的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。在附图中:
图1为空白对照组的染色结果图;
图2为缺血组的染色结果图;
图3为胡椒碱组的染色结果图;
图4为缺血组大鼠脸部图;
图5为胡椒碱组的脸部图;
图6为空白对照组大鼠眼睛眼底血管成像图;
图7为缺血组大鼠眼睛眼底血管成像图;
图8为胡椒碱组大鼠眼睛眼底血管成像图;
图9为空白对照组大鼠视网膜神经节细胞图;
图10为空白对照组血管电镜图;
图11为缺血组视网膜神经节细胞图;
图12为缺血组血管电镜图;
图13为胡椒碱组视网膜神经节细胞图;
图14为胡椒碱组组血管电镜图;
图15为空白对照组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞凋亡比率分析图;
图16为空白对照组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞分析图;
图17为缺血组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞凋亡比率分析图;
图18为缺血组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞分析图;
图19为胡椒碱组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞凋亡比率分析图;
图20为胡椒碱组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞分析图;
图21为APE1和胡椒碱形成的复合物的整体结合视图以及局部结合视图;
图22为胡椒碱在复合物中位置的展示图;
图23为建立视网膜缺血模型的示意图;
图24为缺血模型成功建立的标准图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
以下各实施例中所采用的实验方法和过程如下:
取健康SD大鼠21只,随机分3组,每组7只,①空白对照组,简称对照组;②视网膜缺血损伤组,简称缺血组;③视网膜缺血组和胡椒碱(20mg/kg),简称胡椒碱组;灌胃给药2次/天,连续7天,空白对照组和视网膜缺血损伤组均灌胃生理盐水1ml/100g,加有胡椒碱组灌胃处理7天,比较治疗7天后的视网膜各层细胞及神经的恢复情况。
视网膜缺血模型的建立
如图23所示,大鼠采用异氟烷麻醉后,仰卧固定。颈部碘伏及酒精消毒后,沿颈部正中线行纵向切开皮肤及皮下组织,钝性分离肌肉和筋膜,暴露并剥离左右侧颈总动脉(CCA)及迷走神经。使用缝合线挑起右侧颈总动脉,逐一分离颈内动脉(ICA)和颈外动脉(ECA),缝合线结扎颈外动脉,随后继续沿着颈内动脉剥离翼腭动脉(PPA),此时将翼腭动脉结扎,经激光散斑系统证实完全无灌注血流。随后30分钟之内再观察血流量如有回升则失败,老鼠淘汰。逐层封合切口,给予药物,预防感染,随后将大鼠放置于干净舒适的环境,自由获取水和食物。假手术组大鼠只分离右侧的颈总动脉,不进行结扎,其余手术步骤同上。
缺血模型成功的判定
缺血5分钟,眼底成像观察视网膜的血液供应被阻断,视网膜颜色浅,变的苍白,激光散斑成像系统观察血流量明显降低,这都是是视网膜缺血成功的标志,如图24所示。淘汰大鼠标准:深度麻醉导致大鼠死亡;血管结扎错误或损伤破裂;血管结扎不充分。
实施例1
获取已经治疗7天的三组大鼠的视网膜,并且进行HE染色处理,HE染色的具体过程如下:
1.取材眼球石蜡切片的制备
各时间点将麻醉后大鼠固定于鼠板上,剔除毛发后剪开皮肤,分离肌肉及组织完全暴露心脏,随后心脏灌注生理盐水和多聚甲醛(4%)各200ml。视网膜组织放置4%的多聚甲醛中固定24h,20%的蔗糖溶液中放置24h,30%的蔗糖溶液中放置48h,流水冲24h。脱水透明浸蜡:梯度酒精依次为70%(2h)、80%(2h)、90%(2h)、95%(1.5h)、100%Ⅰ(0.5h)、100%Ⅱ(0.5h),随后二甲苯Ⅰ,Ⅱ各0.5h,石蜡Ⅰ,Ⅱ各2h。将眼组织块置于模具中石蜡包埋,待石蜡完全凝固后使用徕卡石蜡切片机切片(厚5μm),将切好的视网膜置于37℃水浴锅中展视网膜,捞片。放置于65℃烘箱烘烤过夜后放置冰箱保存或进行后续实验。
2.HE染色
眼组织片脱蜡水化步骤为:二甲苯Ⅰ,Ⅱ各10min、100%酒精Ⅰ,Ⅱ各4min、下行梯度酒精95%,90%,80%,70%各3min、蒸馏水(1min)、苏木精(10min)、流水冲(10min)、蒸馏水返蓝(10min)、观察核形态、1%盐酸酒精(1s)、流水冲(15min)、伊红(30s-1min)、蒸馏水1min(3次)、上行梯度酒精70%,80%,90%各3-5s、95%(3min)、100%Ⅰ,Ⅱ各4min、二甲苯Ⅰ,Ⅱ各4min、中性树脂封片、显微镜下观察并拍照保存。
结果如图1-3所示,其中:图1为空白对照组的染色结果,图2为缺血组的染色结果,图3为胡椒碱组的染色结果。
需要说明的是:由于有水肿和组织细胞的坏死,因此图2中浅色区域是由该原因引起的。
由图1-3可知,与空白对照组相比,缺血组随着时间的延长,缺血组视网膜发生了明显的水肿;视神经出现明显的组织坏死,细胞死亡,出现空泡,组织间隙增大。而与缺血组相比,胡椒碱组的视网膜在视神经节细胞层、纤维层,内核层等都水肿明显改善;视神经组织坏死明显改善,细胞排列齐;说明胡椒碱能够明显保护跟视神经相关的细胞和组织。
实施例2
观察已经治疗7天的三组大鼠的眼球,结果如图4-5所示,其中:图4为缺血组大鼠脸部图,图5为胡椒碱组的脸部情况,图4和图5中大鼠左侧的眼睛均没有作任何处理,可以作为空白对照。
由图4可知,与左眼相比,右眼缺血损伤后,明显发现供血异常,瞳孔收缩异常,萎缩等症状。由图4和5可知,与图4中的右眼相比,胡椒碱干预治疗(图5中的右眼)后发现右眼供血得到明显改善,瞳孔收缩也明显恢复。说明胡椒碱能够明显改善视网膜缺血情况。
实施例3
观察已经治疗7天的三组大鼠的眼球,结果如图6-8所示,其中:图6为空白对照组大鼠眼睛眼底血管成像图,图7为缺血组大鼠眼睛眼底血管成像图,图8为胡椒碱组大鼠眼睛眼底血管成像图。
由图6-8可知,通过眼底成像观察实验分析,与对照组相比,缺血组眼底血管血流明显下降,血管也变细,视盘也出现明显得水肿。与缺血组相比,通过胡椒碱组的视网膜血管血流改善,血管也变粗,水肿也缓解。说明胡椒碱能够明显使得血管增粗,提高血流,从而改善缺血情况。
实施例4
观察已经治疗7天的三组大鼠的眼球透射电镜情况,结果如图9-14所示,其中:图9为空白对照组大鼠视网膜神经节细胞图,图10为空白对照组血管电镜图;图11为缺血组视网膜神经节细胞图,图12为缺血组血管电镜图;图13为胡椒碱组视网膜神经节细胞图,图14为胡椒碱组组血管电镜图。
由图9-14可知,与空白对照组相比,视网膜及视神经缺血损伤后,缺血组的视神经节细胞线粒体明显损伤、空泡,核糖体减少,内质网扩增,核膜破裂等;视神经的血管出现明显的痉挛,线粒体损伤、空泡。与缺血组相比,胡椒碱组发现视神经细胞损伤程度明显改善,各细胞器损伤也缓解,视神经的血管损伤也明显改善。说明胡椒碱能够缓解视网膜缺血引起的细胞组的损伤和视神经相关损伤。
实施例5
观察已经治疗7天的三组大鼠的眼球透射电镜情况,结果如图15-20所示,其中:图15为空白对照组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞凋亡比率分析图,图16为空白对照组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞分析图;图17为缺血组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞凋亡比率分析图,图18为缺血组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞分析图;图19为胡椒碱组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞凋亡比率分析图,图20为胡椒碱组大鼠细眼睛外周血液细胞分析图。
有图15-20可知,与对照组相比,缺血组的细胞凋亡比率明显增高。与缺血组相比,胡椒碱组的细胞凋亡比率明显降低。由此可知,胡椒碱能够明显降低视网膜缺血情况下细胞凋亡比率。
通过实施例1-5可知,对于视网膜缺血的症状,采用一定量的胡椒碱治疗一段时间(每天两次,一共7天,试验中针对大鼠采用20mg/kg),能够得到明显改善,因此胡椒碱或其衍生物可以应用于视网膜缺血相关疾病的治疗或改善。
本发明发明人进一步探究胡椒碱改善视网膜缺血的相关机理发现,胡椒碱和脱嘌呤脱嘧啶核酸内切酶(APE1)之间通过氢键和疏水作用来抑制视网膜缺血性损伤引起的相关不良反应。
基于AutoDock Vina 1.1.2对接获得的小分子-蛋白结合亲和力评估表(kcal/mol)。
表1
Target name | Ligand name | Docking score |
3U8U | DB12582 | -7.7 |
对接模拟技术是探究小分子与目标靶点相互作用的便捷有效手段。在此,我们使用AutoDock Vina 1.1.2软件对小分子DB12582(胡椒碱)与3U8U(APE1)蛋白进行对接研究。如表1所示,我们获得了它们的结合能评分。结合能为负数表示存在结合的可能,通常数值小于-5kcal/mol被认为结合可能性较大。在该表中,APE1和胡椒碱的结合亲和力低于-5kcal/mol,意味着胡椒碱分子与APE1具备潜在活性效果。
图21为APE1和胡椒碱形成的复合物的整体结合视图以及局部结合视图。其中,虚线表示氢键作用,虚线左侧相连的部分中一部分直线表示和胡椒碱分子形成氢键的氨基酸,虚线右侧相连的部分表示胡椒碱分子。
图22为胡椒碱分子和APE1结合时存在的位置,就复合物而言,DB12582结合在3U8U上ASN229、ALA230、PHE266、ASN212、HIS309、GLU96、ASP308、LEU282、TRP280氨基酸围绕而成的口袋当中,其中与HIS309形成氢键作用,与ASN229、ALA230、PHE266、ASN212、GLU96、ASP308、LEU282、TRP280形成疏水作用。
由图22可知,APE1与胡椒碱的主要作用为氢键和疏水作用,该作用可能是这三个小分子对3U8U蛋白发生效果的主要作用类型。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述药物是以胡椒碱和/或其衍生物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制成而成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述胡椒碱和/或其衍生物作为唯一的活性成分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述胡椒碱和/或其衍生物的用量为1.8~2.2mg/kg。
4.根据权利要求3所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述胡椒碱和/或其衍生物的用量为2.0mg/kg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述视网膜功能损伤保护药物为液体制剂、固体制剂、喷剂、气雾剂、注射剂、混悬剂、乳剂或溶液剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述视网膜功能损伤为缺血性视网膜损伤。
7.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述药物为哺乳动物用药。
8.根据权利要求7所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述哺乳动物为人。
9.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述胡椒碱和/或其衍生物通过抑制或激活APE1蛋白功能表达来实现视网膜功能损伤的修复或缓解损伤。
10.根据权利要求1所述的视网膜功能损伤保护药物,其特征在于,所述辅料包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、稳定剂、香味剂、甜味剂、色素中的至少一种。
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