CN116267461B - 一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法 - Google Patents
一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267461B CN116267461B CN202310196126.XA CN202310196126A CN116267461B CN 116267461 B CN116267461 B CN 116267461B CN 202310196126 A CN202310196126 A CN 202310196126A CN 116267461 B CN116267461 B CN 116267461B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,属于作物种植领域。所述栽培方法为:取小麦种子浸泡于药液中,之后沥干,进行高低频电流交替处理;向土壤中施加生物肥料,进行翻耕;将处理后的种子播种于翻耕的土壤中,并在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期分别施用所述的生物肥料,适时灌溉,至小麦成熟后收获。本发明采用药剂浸泡种子结合高低频电流交替处理,提高种子活力和促进种子萌芽出苗生长,再采用多种菌株与有机废料发酵处理后结合无机肥改良盐碱地土壤,同时为作物提供丰富的营养和抗菌成分,在减少化肥和农药使用的基础上,显著降低小麦病害发生率及促进小麦在盐碱地高产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作物种植领域,特别是涉及一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法。
背景技术
滨海盐碱地是我国盐碱地重要类型之一,占比达到30%以上,由于地下水含盐量高、水位浅,随着地表水分蒸发导致盐分富集而产生,在生产中该类盐碱地利用困难,不易改良。随着季节的变化,土壤的盐碱随着水分而迁移,富集区域盐分高达1%以上,对植物生长造成严重胁迫。盐分在土层中运动的特征也使盐碱地的治理和利用更加困难。滨海盐碱地主要分布在东部和南部沿海地区。在经济落后地区,盐碱地会严重限制当地生态建设、土地生产开发和农业生产利用,严重制约经济发展。
小麦是重要的粮食作物,在粮食作物总面积当中占到22%左右,是主要的商品粮和战略储备粮,这决定了小麦在粮食生产、流通和消费中的重要地位。但是前人研究已证实盐碱条件显著影响小麦发芽出苗、生长发育、产量等,当前有采用施加化肥和喷洒农药辅助提高小麦长势的措施,但是长期使用化肥和农药会进一步造成土壤板结,加重土壤盐碱化。因此,提供一种减少使用化肥和农药的前提下,增加小麦产量,提高农户生产效益的盐碱地栽培方法是十分有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明采用药剂浸泡种子结合高低频电流交替处理,提高种子活力和促进种子萌芽出苗生长,再采用多种菌株与有机废料发酵处理后结合无机肥改良盐碱地土壤,同时为作物提供丰富的营养和抗菌成分,减少化肥和农药使用,显著降低小麦病害发生及提高小麦产量。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提高一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)种子处理:取小麦种子浸泡于药液中,之后沥干,进行高低频电流交替处理;
(2)土壤处理:向土壤中施加生物肥料,进行翻耕;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的种子播种于步骤(2)翻耕的土壤中,并在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期分别施用步骤(2)所述的生物肥料,经病虫害防治处理及适时灌溉,至小麦成熟后收获;
步骤(1)所述药液包括以下重量配比组分:0.01-0.05μmol/L冠菌素10-25%、0.1%v/v甘油20-30%、葡萄籽原花青素10-18%、草木灰7-15%,余量为含盐量0.01-0.03%的盐水。
进一步地,在步骤(1)中,所述高低频电流交替处理的方式为:先10-20Hz处理20-40min,之后30-40Hz处理10-30min,最后50-60Hz处理5-10min,交替处理3-6h。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述生物肥料的制备方法为:取以下重量份组分:小麦秸秆粉碎物70-100份、蚯蚓粪50-60份、贝壳粉45-65份、腐殖酸80-100份、水100-160份、侧孢短芽孢杆菌20-30份、嗜硫小红卵菌12-17份、喜盐放线菌30-60份和寡营养细菌30-50份,均匀混合后,26-28℃条件下发酵10-20天,制备得到生物复合肥;之后向生物复合肥中加入80-100份尿素、10-20份硫酸镁和25-30份磷酸一铵,混匀即得生物肥料。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述生物肥料的施加量为350-550kg/hm2;所述翻耕的深度为20-30cm。
进一步地,在步骤(3)中,所述播种方式具体为:采用机械深耕播种,播幅为6-8cm,行距为15-20cm,播种量为300-400kg/hm2。
进一步地,在步骤(3)中,在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期施用所述生物肥料的用量均为40-60kg/hm2,施加次数均为1次。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
本发明采用特定配比的药剂浸泡小麦种子,其中冠菌素在盐碱胁迫下促进作物种子萌发出苗生长;原花青素和甘油均匀地包裹于种子表面,既能减轻低温对胚细胞的损伤又能促进原花青素发挥强抗氧化功能,促进种子毛细作用,提高种子活力;草木灰能够促进种子发芽生根,且能抑制病虫害,防止土壤中害虫啃咬种子;低盐度盐水浸泡种子,可提高作物抗盐性,改善种子在盐碱胁迫下的萌发出苗状况。
浸泡后的种子采用高低频交替电流刺激,使其逐步吸收能量,促使细胞原生质处于持续活跃和兴奋状态,增加其氧化还原作用和酶的活性,提高种皮透性和种子发芽出苗率、增强发芽势,达到出苗好、生长快、高效增产的效果。
侧孢短芽孢杆菌的繁殖过程中产生粘性分泌物,增加土壤有机质,促进土壤团粒结构的形成,改善土壤通透性、保墒性、保温性、保肥性,刺激作物生长和根系发育,从而实现增产效果;嗜硫小红卵菌的分泌物中含有多种杀菌活性物质,能够杀灭和抑制多种病原微生物,并通过竞争性抑制有效控制病原微生物的生长和繁殖,且分泌物能被植物吸收并诱导植株的抗病能力;同时嗜硫小红卵菌能够利用自然界中的有机物、硫化物、氨等作为供氢体兼碳源进行光合作用,提高土壤肥力,改善土壤盐化、板结现象;喜盐放线菌对高浓度盐碱具有较强的耐受性,易在盐碱土壤环境存活繁殖,改良土壤的同时提高植物盐碱抗逆性,逐步缓解改良盐碱土壤;且喜盐放线菌还能产生胞外多糖及其它聚合物,蛋白含量极高,也产生大量的抗生素、维生素等抗菌活性成分,既能为作物生长提供丰富的营养成分,又能提高作物抗病能力,达到增产增效目的;寡营养细菌在生长过程中分泌大量的黏多糖,使得土壤结成皮层,减缓土壤水分蒸发,缓解土壤盐碱度,同时寡营养细菌是表土中主要的反硝化细菌,有利于土壤营养元素的利用。
本发明采用的四种菌株之间相互无抑制作用,与多种有机废料共同发酵,之后结合无机肥,各组分协同配合,共同改良盐碱地土壤,分解土壤中难溶磷、钾、硅等元素盐类,提高土壤速效钾、磷含量,提高小麦种子萌发出苗率和产量,在减少施用化肥及农药的基础上,达到实现盐碱地小麦高产的效果。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明以下实施例采用的侧孢短芽孢杆菌(保藏编号CCTCCNo:M20191101)和嗜硫小红卵菌(保藏编号CCTCC NO:M2012369)均购自中国典型培养物保藏中心;喜盐放线菌购自河南省工业微生物菌种工程技术研究中心,产品编号为BNCC218473;寡营养细菌(保藏编号CGMCC NO.11925)购自中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心;其中侧孢短芽孢杆菌的含菌量为1.0×108cfu/g,嗜硫小红卵菌的含菌量为1.0×108cfu/g,喜盐放线菌的含菌量为1.0×109cfu/g,寡营养细菌的含菌量为6.0×109cfu/g。
实施例1
一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)种子处理:选取健康饱满的小麦种子,将其完全浸泡在药液中10h,之后沥干,采用高低频电流处理种子,具体为:先10Hz处理30min,之后30Hz处理20min,最后55Hz处理8min,交替处理6h;
所述药液组分重量配比为:0.01μmol/L冠菌素15%、0.1%v/v甘油20%、葡萄籽原花青素12%、草木灰7%,余量为含盐量0.01%的盐水。
(2)土壤处理:播种前以550kg/hm2用量向土壤中均匀施加生物肥料,之后翻耕土壤,翻耕深度为30cm;
所述生物肥料的制备方法为:取以下重量份组分:小麦秸秆粉碎物80份、蚯蚓粪50份、贝壳粉65份、腐殖酸100份、水160份、侧孢短芽孢杆菌25份、嗜硫小红卵菌17份、喜盐放线菌30份和寡营养细菌50份,均匀混合后,加盖塑料薄膜(注意不要密封),28℃条件下发酵15天,制备得到生物复合肥;之后向生物复合肥中加入90份尿素、15份硫酸镁和30份磷酸一铵,混匀即得生物肥料。
(3)播种:十月中旬播种,采用机械深耕播种,播幅为7cm,行距20cm,播种量300kg/hm2。
(4)施肥:在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期分别施加一次生物肥料,每次施加量为55kg/hm2。
(5)病虫害防治:采用15%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂以正常量减量1/3的剂量进行喷雾防治,自拔节期开始至孕穗期结束。
(6)适时灌溉,小麦成熟后收获。
实施例2
一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)种子处理:选取健康饱满的小麦种子,将其完全浸泡在药液中10h,之后沥干,采用高低频电流处理种子,具体为:先20Hz处理40min,之后35Hz处理30min,最后60Hz处理5min,交替处理5h;
所述药液组分重量配比为:0.03μmol/L冠菌素25%、0.1%v/v甘油30%、葡萄籽原花青素10%、草木灰5%,余量为含盐量0.02%的盐水。
(2)土壤处理:播种前以350kg/hm2用量向土壤中均匀施加生物肥料,之后翻耕土壤,翻耕深度为30cm;
所述生物肥料的制备方法为:取以下重量份组分:小麦秸秆粉碎物70份、蚯蚓粪60份、贝壳粉50份、腐殖酸100份、水120份、侧孢短芽孢杆菌30份、嗜硫小红卵菌12份、喜盐放线菌50份和寡营养细菌30份,均匀混合后,加盖塑料薄膜(注意不要密封),28℃条件下发酵20天,制备得到生物复合肥;之后向生物复合肥中加入100份尿素、10份硫酸镁和30份磷酸一铵,混匀即得生物肥料。
(3)播种:十月中旬播种,采用机械深耕播种,播幅为7cm,行距20cm,播种量300kg/hm2。
(4)施肥:在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期分别施加一次生物肥料,每次施加量为40kg/hm2。
(5)病虫害防治:采用15%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂以正常量减量1/2的剂量进行喷雾防治,自拔节期开始至孕穗期结束。
(6)适时灌溉,小麦成熟后收获。
实施例3
一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)种子处理:选取健康饱满的小麦种子,将其完全浸泡在药液中10h,之后沥干,采用高低频电流处理种子,具体为:先15Hz处理20min,之后40Hz处理10min,最后50Hz处理10min,交替处理3h;
所述药液组分重量配比为:0.05μmol/L冠菌素10%、0.1%v/v甘油30%、葡萄籽原花青素18%、草木灰15%,余量为含盐量0.03%的盐水。
(2)土壤处理:播种前以400kg/hm2用量向土壤中均匀施加生物肥料,之后翻耕土壤,翻耕深度为30cm;
所述生物肥料的制备方法为:取以下重量份组分:小麦秸秆粉碎物100份、蚯蚓粪60份、贝壳粉45份、腐殖酸80份、水100份、侧孢短芽孢杆菌20份、嗜硫小红卵菌15份、喜盐放线菌60份和寡营养细菌30份,均匀混合后,加盖塑料薄膜(注意不要密封),26℃条件下发酵20天,制备得到生物复合肥;之后向生物复合肥中加入80份尿素、20份硫酸镁和25份磷酸一铵,混匀即得生物肥料。
(3)播种:十月中旬播种,采用机械深耕播种,播幅为7cm,行距15cm,播种量300kg/hm2。
(4)施肥:在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期分别施加一次生物肥料,每次施加量为60kg/hm2。
(5)病虫害防治:采用15%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂以正常量减量1/2的剂量进行喷雾防治,自拔节期开始至孕穗期结束。
(6)适时灌溉,小麦成熟后收获。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(1)所述药液中含盐量0.01%的盐水替换为纯净水。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(1)所述药液组分重量配比为:0.01μmol/L冠菌素5%、甘油50%、葡萄籽原花青素2%、草木灰27%,余量为含盐量0.01%的盐水。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(1)高低频电流处理种子的步骤替换为仅采用30Hz处理6h。
对比例4
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(2)所述生物肥料的侧孢短芽孢杆菌替换成胶冻样类芽孢杆菌。
对比例5
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(2)所述生物肥料的嗜硫小红卵菌替换成多粘类芽孢杆菌。
对比例6
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将步骤(2)所述生物肥料的喜盐放线菌替换成喜盐芽孢杆菌。
对比例7
与实施例1的区别仅在于,步骤(2)中,所述生物肥料的制备方法为:取以下重量份组分:玉米秸秆粉碎物80份、鸡粪50份、贝壳粉65份、腐殖酸100份、水160份、侧孢短芽孢杆菌15份、嗜硫小红卵菌27份、喜盐放线菌10份和寡营养细菌80份,均匀混合后,加盖塑料薄膜(注意不要密封),28℃条件下发酵15天,制备得到生物复合肥;之后向生物复合肥中加入90份尿素、15份硫酸镁和30份磷酸一铵,混匀即得生物肥料。
效果验证
1.生物肥料改良盐碱地土壤的效果
选择河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县盐碱地试验田种植小麦(品种为烟农19号,采用实施例1-3、对比例1-7及对照组(采用常规栽培、田间管理、施肥灌溉和正常量喷施农药措施)的栽培方法进行栽培,每组试验田面积1亩,每组试验重复三次,定期观察记录各组小麦出苗率、病害发生率及统计小麦的平均产量,并分别取各组等量土壤样品进行测试,结果如下:
表1生物肥料对试验田土壤0-30cm土层的改良
表2小麦出苗率、病害发生率及产量统计结果
从表1和表2所示结果可以看出,施用实施例1-3特定配比的生物肥料,能够明显改良盐碱地土壤的酸碱度和含盐量,并且复合微生物菌剂协同配合,分解土壤中难溶磷、钾、硅等元素盐类,提高土壤速效钾、磷含量,提高作物产量;再者,与对照组相比,实施例1-3的小麦种子经药剂浸种和高低频电流处理后,小麦活力及抗盐碱能力增强,出苗率明显提高,且小麦病害如麦锈病和白粉病发生率显著降低;而未按照实施例方法进行小麦种植的对比例1-7小麦增产效果略有下降,病害发生率略有上升,但与对照组相比,其小麦产量仍然较高。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)种子处理:取小麦种子浸泡于药液中,之后沥干,进行高低频电流交替处理;
(2)土壤处理:向土壤中施加生物肥料,进行翻耕;
(3)将步骤(1)处理后的种子播种于步骤(2)翻耕的土壤中,并在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期分别施用步骤(2)所述的生物肥料,经病虫害防治处理及适时灌溉,至小麦成熟后收获;
步骤(1)所述药液包括以下重量配比组分:0.01-0.05 μmol/L冠菌素10-25%、0.1%v/v甘油20-30%、葡萄籽原花青素10-18%、草木灰7-15%,余量为含盐量0.01-0.03%的盐水;
在步骤(1)中,所述高低频电流交替处理的方式为:先10-20Hz处理20-40min,之后30-40Hz处理10-30min,最后50-60Hz处理5-10min,交替处理3-6h;
在步骤(2)中,所述生物肥料的制备方法为:取以下重量份组分:小麦秸秆粉碎物70-100份、蚯蚓粪50-60份、贝壳粉45-65份、腐殖酸80-100份、水100-160份、侧孢短芽孢杆菌20-30份、嗜硫小红卵菌12-17份、喜盐放线菌30-60份和寡营养细菌30-50份,均匀混合后,26-28℃条件下发酵10-20天,制备得到生物复合肥;之后向生物复合肥中加入80-100份尿素、10-20份硫酸镁和25-30份磷酸一铵,混匀即得生物肥料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述生物肥料的施加量为350-550kg/hm2;所述翻耕的深度为20-30cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述播种方式具体为:采用机械深耕播种,播幅为6-8cm,行距为15-20cm,播种量为300-400kg/hm2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐碱地小麦高产栽培方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期施用所述生物肥料的用量均为40-60kg/hm2,施加次数均为1次。
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