CN116267379A - Efficient seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds - Google Patents
Efficient seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds Download PDFInfo
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- 241000906048 Loropetalum chinense Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000004998 Abdominal Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000142952 Hamamelidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000906054 Loropetalum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037549 Purpura Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001672981 Purpura Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds, which relates to the field of plant seedling raising, and comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out seed selection, seed soaking, disinfection and air drying on the loropetalum chinensis seeds to obtain air-dried loropetalum chinensis seeds, carrying out low-temperature sand accumulation lamination treatment to obtain loropetalum chinensis seeds to be subjected to bud refining, obtaining the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be subjected to sowing after bud refining, and culturing after sowing to obtain loropetalum chinensis seedlings. The invention improves the germination rate and the emergence rate of the loropetalum chinense seeds, breaks the bottleneck of obstructing the introduction, development and utilization of the loropetalum chinense resources, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for germplasm resource protection, seed propagation and landscaping application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant seedling raising, in particular to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds.
Background
Loropetalum chinensis (Loropetalum chinense) is a plant of Loropetalum genus of Hamamelidaceae, also called Loropetalum chinensis, which is a evergreen shrub or small arbor, and is preferred in hilly and mountain land. Is also distributed in China, india and Japan. Loropetalum chinense is a bush type with the most advantages of the subtropical bush ecosystem in China, and is mainly distributed in Guangxi, guangdong, fujian, anhui, hubei, hunan, jiangxi and other places. The Chinese medicament is mainly used for landscaping in China, is used as a traditional medicament and recorded in Mingshi Tujia, can be used as a medicament for flowers, leaves and roots, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating and astringing to stop bleeding, and is widely used for treating various bleeding, burn, skin infection, purpura, abdominal pain and other symptoms. Meanwhile, the loropetalum chinense also has the characteristics of yin resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance, and is widely planted in the southwest karst mountain area to serve as a dominant species for improving and restoring the stone habitat. Therefore, the loropetalum chinense has important economic value, medicinal value and ecological value, and has wide application prospect for improving the development and utilization of germplasm resources.
The propagation method for producing the Loropetalum chinense mainly comprises cutting, variety breeding mainly comprises the steps of selecting seeds by a nutrition system, and accelerating the intensive production process in recent years, so that the genetic diversity of the Loropetalum chinense is gradually replaced by a few genotypes, and the method is extremely unfavorable for genetic improvement and germplasm innovation of the Loropetalum chinense. Gene recombination can be realized through sexual hybridization and seed propagation, the frequencies of genes and genotypes in the population are changed, and more new excellent variations can be separated and screened. However, the loropetalum chinense seeds have hard seed shells in morphology and physiological after-ripening characteristics, so that the seeds have a certain dormancy phenomenon, the problems of low emergence rate and uneven emergence rate exist, and certain difficulty is brought to the breeding of the loropetalum chinense. And fewer plants are generated by independent germination under natural conditions, so that propagation of loropetalum chinense is limited. Although the scholars have studied the dormancy of the seeds, the germination rate and the emergence rate obtained by the study are low, the highest germination rate can reach 70% -80%, and the lowest germination rate is 30% -40%.
In view of this, the invention provides a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds. The method aims to improve the germination rate and the emergence rate of the loropetalum chinense seeds, further can break the bottleneck of obstructing the introduction, development and utilization of the loropetalum chinense resources, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for germplasm resource protection, seed propagation and landscaping application.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds comprises the following steps:
step 1: pretreatment: sequentially selecting, soaking, sterilizing and airing the loropetalum chinense seeds to obtain aired loropetalum chinense seeds;
step 2: and (3) low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment: the dried loropetalum chinense seeds and wet river sand are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: (3-20) carrying out low-temperature sand accumulation and lamination treatment for 60-120d, controlling the temperature at 0-5 ℃ to enable radicle of the loropetalum chinense seeds to grow to 2-5mm, and obtaining the loropetalum chinense seeds to be subjected to bud refining; wherein the humidity of the wet river sand is controlled to be no water drop when the river sand is held by hands until the river sand can be in a bulk state;
step 3: refining buds: placing the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be subjected to bud refining, which are obtained in the step 2, at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the humidity of 50-70%, keeping illumination for 18-24 hours in one day, and performing bud refining treatment under the condition that the light intensity is 2000-2800xl until radicle of the loropetalum chinensis seeds grows to 3-5cm, so as to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown;
step 4: sowing, namely sowing and cultivating the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown obtained in the step 3 to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seedlings.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts the processes of seed selection, seed soaking, seed disinfection treatment, air drying treatment, low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment, bud refining, sowing and the like to ensure that the loropetalum chinense seeds have high emergence rate, large production scale and low investment.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the dried loropetalum chinense seeds and wet river sand are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: (3-10) carrying out low-temperature sand accumulation and lamination treatment for 70-110d, controlling the temperature at 0-5 ℃ to enable radicle of the loropetalum chinense seeds to grow to 2-5mm, and obtaining the loropetalum chinense seeds to be subjected to bud refining.
Further, the specific steps of the low-temperature sand reservoir lamination treatment are as follows: firstly spreading a part of the sterilized wet river sand into a sand table, wherein the volume of the spread wet river sand is 1/4-4/5 of that of the sand table to obtain a bottom sand storage layer, spreading loropetalum chinensis seeds on the upper surface of the bottom sand storage layer to enable the loropetalum chinensis seeds to occupy 1/20-1/3 of the volume of the sand table, spreading the rest wet river sand into the sand table, then placing the sand table at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ for 60-120d, and enabling radicle of the loropetalum chinensis seeds to grow to 2-5mm to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be subjected to bud refining.
Wherein the sand table is simple and has little cost in manufacturing, the height of the sand table is 2.5-5cm, the length of the sand table is 25-35cm, and the width of the sand table is 10-20cm.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the wet river sand after the disinfection treatment can reduce the phenomenon that the loropetalum chinense seeds mould due to bacterial breeding of the loropetalum chinense seeds in a wet and damp anoxic environment, and improve the emergence rate of the loropetalum chinense seeds.
Further, the specific steps of the low-temperature sand reservoir lamination treatment are as follows: firstly, spreading a part of the sterilized wet river sand into a sand table, wherein the volume of the spread wet river sand is 1/4-4/5 of that of the sand table, a bottom sand storage layer is obtained, spreading a layer of gauze on the bottom sand storage layer, spreading Loropetalum chinense seeds on the gauze to enable the Loropetalum chinense seeds to occupy 1/20-1/3 of that of the sand table, spreading a layer of gauze on the Loropetalum chinense seeds, finally spreading the rest wet river sand into the sand table, and then placing the sand table at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ for 60-120d to enable the radicle of the Loropetalum chinense seeds to grow to 2-5mm, thus obtaining the Loropetalum chinense seeds to be refined buds.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the gauze can provide space for the growth of the radicle of the loropetalum chinense seeds, and the germination condition of the loropetalum chinense seeds can be easily counted and observed.
Further, the wet river sand is mixed sand of 1-3mm coarse river sand and 0.5-1.5mm fine river sand according to the weight ratio of 1 (2-8). The coarse river sand and the fine river sand are cleaned before use until water is clarified, and KMnO with mass fraction of 0.25-1% is used 4 Soaking in the solution for 15min for sterilization, washing with distilled water until sand is colorless, and controlling humidity of wet river sand until the river sand can be held by hand to form a lump.
Further, the specific steps of the seed selection and seed soaking treatment in the step 1 are as follows: and (3) placing the loropetalum chinense seeds in clear water, stirring for 5-30min, fishing out the loropetalum chinense seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the loropetalum chinense seeds for seedling culture, placing the loropetalum chinense seeds for seedling culture in the clear water, soaking for 2-3d to obtain the soaked loropetalum chinense seeds, and finishing seed selection and seed soaking treatment of the loropetalum chinense seeds. Wherein the volume ratio of the loropetalum chinense seeds to the clean water is 1 (20-80).
Further, the specific process of the disinfection treatment in the step 1 is as follows: the soaked Loropetalum chinense seeds are subjected to KMnO with the mass concentration of 0.25-1% 4 Soaking in the solution for 10-20min, and then washing with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the sterilized loropetalum chinense seeds, namely finishing the sterilization treatment.
Further, the specific process of refining buds in the step 3 is as follows: and (3) placing the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be germinated obtained in the step (2) (preferably after seed coats are removed) into a germinator, and then placing the loropetalum chinensis seeds into an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%, and keeping the illumination for 20-24 hours in one day and the light intensity of 2400xl until the radicle of the loropetalum chinensis seeds grows to 3-5cm, so as to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sowed.
The germination device is a beaker vertical germination device and is manufactured by adopting a 50-200ml beaker. The specific manufacturing process comprises the following steps: a common round filter paper is placed on the mouth of the beaker, and the diameter of the filter paper is 3cm larger than that of the mouth of the beaker. Punching the filter paper according to the size of the loropetalum chinense seeds, and preferably, about 5-6 seeds are placed in each beaker vertical germinator. The hole distance of the small seeds is about 1cm, and the hole distance of the large seeds is 1.5cm. And a small hole is drilled in the center of the filter paper, and the filter paper roll core is inserted into the small hole for water absorption. The beaker is filled with water, filter paper is paved at the mouth of the beaker, the radicle end of the seed is downward, the seed is inserted into the small hole for a little, the water is replenished and replaced at regular time, and the radicle length is measured at proper time.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the method can provide a proper environment for the growth of radicle, shorten the emergence time of seedling, better observe the growth condition of radicle and accurately measure the radicle length.
Further, the specific steps of sowing in the step 4 are as follows: sowing the loropetalum chinense seeds to be sown into a seedling tray, then placing the seedling tray in an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the humidity of 50-70 percent and the light intensity of 2000-2800xl for 5-20d and obtaining the loropetalum chinense seedlings.
Further, the specific steps of sowing are as follows: the loropetalum chinensis seedling is obtained by sowing the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown into a seedling tray, then placing the tray in an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%, keeping illumination for 10-12h in one day and the light intensity of 2200-2600xl, and culturing for 7-20 d.
Post-management of Loropetalum chinense seedlings, watering is carried out at three times of 8:00, 14:00 and 21:00 a day. Along with the continuous growth of the loropetalum chinensis seedlings, the nutrient solution and the insecticide are sprayed once every month, the seedlings are trimmed, and a growth container is replaced.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the seeding waterproof energy enables seedlings to grow in a proper environment, and the survival rate of the seedlings in outdoor growth is improved.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with examples given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds, which comprises seed selection, seed soaking, seed disinfection treatment, air drying treatment, low-temperature sand accumulation and lamination treatment, bud refining, sowing and later-period management. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: seed selection: selecting full and bright and complete loropetalum chinense seeds, putting the seeds into clear water, stirring for 2-3min by using a stick, and fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the used loropetalum chinense seeds; and the volume ratio of the loropetalum chinense seeds to the clean water is 1:50;
step 2: seed soaking: soaking the selected seeds in clear water for 2d;
step 3: and (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and adding 0.25% KMnO 4 Soaking the solution for 10min, and washing the seeds with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the sterilized loropetalum chinense seeds, thus obtaining the air-dried loropetalum chinense seeds;
step 4: and (3) airing: airing the seeds after the disinfection treatment until the surfaces of the seeds are free of water;
step 5: and (3) low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment: firstly, a part of the sterilized wet river sand is paved in 1/2 of the sand table, then seeds are paved on the sand table to occupy 1/4 of the area of the sand table, finally, the rest river sand is paved with the sand table, and then the seeds are placed in a low-temperature environment for sand storage for 60 days. The seeds and the wet river sand are separated by gauze, and the temperature of the low-temperature environment is controlled to be 0-5 ℃;
wherein the wet river sand is mixed sand of coarse river sand (1-3 mm) and fine river sand (0.5-1.5 mm), and is cleaned until water is clarified before use, and KMnO is used for 0.25% 4 Soaking in the solution for 10min for sterilizing, and then flushing with distilled waterWashing until sand is colorless, and controlling humidity of wet river sand to be free from water drop when the river sand is held by hands until the river sand can be in a lump.
Wherein the height of the sand table is 8cm, the length is 30cm, and the width is 15cm. The wet river sand and seeds were placed in a 3:1 volume ratio sand table: firstly, spreading wet river sand accounting for 1/2 of the sand table in the sand table, spreading seeds accounting for 1/4 of the sand table on the sand, and finally filling the rest 1/4 of the sand table with the wet river sand.
The seeds and the wet river sand are separated by gauze, namely, when the river sand is paved at 1/2 of the sand table, a layer of gauze is paved, then the seeds are uniformly and orderly arranged on the gauze, then the gauze is covered, and finally, the sand table is filled with the river sand. The temperature of the low-temperature environment is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
Step 6: refining buds: counting germination rate, and taking out the germinated seeds from the sand table, removing seed coats, placing on a beaker vertical germination device, and placing in an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 40% and the light intensity of 2400xl for growing to 3-5cm under 12h of illumination;
wherein, the radicle of the seed grows to 2-3mm, then the radicle is removed from the sand table, and the seed is put on a beaker vertical germinator for refining buds.
Wherein, the beaker vertical germinator is a beaker with 50-200ml, and common round filter paper is adopted, and the diameter of the filter paper is larger than 1cm of the beaker mouth. The filter paper is perforated according to the seed size, preferably without dropping the seeds, and about 10-15 seeds are placed in each beaker. The hole distance of the small seeds is about 0.5cm, and the hole distance of the large seeds is 1cm. And a small hole is drilled in the center of the filter paper, and the filter paper roll core is inserted into the small hole for water absorption. The beaker is filled with water, filter paper is paved at the mouth of the beaker, the radicle end of the seed is downward, the seed is inserted into the small hole for a little, the water is replenished and replaced at regular time, and the radicle length is measured at proper time.
Step 7: sowing: sowing the germinated seeds into a seedling tray, watering the soil with water, culturing for 5-20 days, and counting the seedling emergence rate, wherein the result is shown in Table 1;
wherein, the germinated seeds are continuously placed in a climatic incubator with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 40 percent, the illumination is carried out for 6 hours, and the light intensity is 2400xl for 10 days.
Step 8: and (3) post-management: and after emergence of seedlings, watering is carried out at random every day. Along with the continuous growth of the seedlings, the nutrient solution and the insecticide are sprayed once every month, the seedlings are trimmed, and the growth container is replaced.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: seed selection: selecting full and bright and complete loropetalum chinense seeds, putting the seeds into clear water, stirring for 4-6min by using a stick, and fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the used loropetalum chinense seeds; and the volume ratio of the loropetalum chinense seeds to the clean water is 1:20;
step 2: seed soaking: soaking the selected seeds in clear water for 4 days;
step 3: and (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and adding 1% KMnO 4 Soaking the solution for 20min, and washing the seeds with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the sterilized loropetalum chinense seeds, thus obtaining the air-dried loropetalum chinense seeds;
step 4: and (3) airing: airing the seeds after the disinfection treatment until the surfaces of the seeds are free of water;
step 5: and (3) low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment: firstly, a part of the sterilized wet river sand is paved at 3/5 of the position in the sand table, then seeds are paved on the position accounting for 1/5 of the volume of the sand table, finally, the rest river sand is paved with the sand table, and then the seeds are placed in a low-temperature environment for sand storage 120d. The seeds and the wet river sand are separated by gauze, and the temperature of the low-temperature environment is controlled to be 0-5 ℃;
wherein the wet river sand is mixed sand of coarse river sand (1-3 mm) and fine river sand (0.5-1.5 mm), and is cleaned until water is clarified before use, and KMnO is added at an amount of 0.75% 4 Soaking in the solution for 20min for sterilization, washing with distilled water until sand is colorless, and controlling humidity of wet river sand until the river sand can be held by hand to form a lump.
Wherein the height of the sand table is 2.5cm, the length is 30cm, and the width is 15cm. The wet river sand and seeds were placed in a 4:1 volume ratio sand table: firstly, spreading wet river sand accounting for 3/5 of the sand table in the sand table, spreading seeds accounting for 1/5 of the sand table on the sand, and finally filling the rest 1/5 of the sand table with the wet river sand.
The seeds and the wet river sand are separated by gauze, namely, when the river sand is paved at 3/5 of the sand table, a layer of gauze is paved, then the seeds are uniformly and orderly arranged on the gauze, and then the gauze is covered, which occupies 1/5 of the volume of the sand table, and finally, the sand table is filled with the river sand. The temperature of the low-temperature environment is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
Step 6: refining buds: counting germination rate, and taking out the germinated seeds from the sand table, removing seed coats, placing on a beaker vertical germination device, and placing in a climatic incubator with the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, and the illumination for 16 hours, wherein the light intensity is 2400xl, and growing to 3-5cm;
wherein, the radicle of the seed grows to 2-3mm, then the radicle is removed from the sand table, and the seed is put on a beaker vertical germinator for refining buds.
Wherein, the beaker vertical germinator is a beaker with 50-200ml, and the diameter of the filter paper is larger than 5cm of the beaker mouth. The filter paper is perforated according to the seed size, preferably without dropping the seeds, and about 7-9 seeds are placed in each beaker. The hole distance of the small seeds is about 1cm, and the hole distance of the large seeds is 1.5cm. And a small hole is drilled in the center of the filter paper, and the filter paper roll core is inserted into the small hole for water absorption. The beaker is filled with water, filter paper is paved at the mouth of the beaker, the radicle end of the seed is downward, the seed is inserted into the small hole for a little, the water is replenished and replaced at regular time, and the radicle length is measured at proper time.
Step 7: sowing: sowing the germinated seeds into seedling trays, watering the soil with water, culturing for 5-20 days, and counting the seedling emergence rate, wherein the result is shown in Table 1.
Wherein, the sprouted seeds are continuously placed in a climatic incubator with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, the humidity of 60 percent, the illumination for 8 hours and the light intensity of 2400xl for 20d.
Step 8: and (3) post-management: and after seedling emergence, watering is carried out in the morning and evening every day. Along with the continuous growth of the seedlings, the nutrient solution and the insecticide are sprayed once every month, the seedlings are trimmed, and the growth container is replaced.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: seed selection: selecting full and bright and complete loropetalum chinense seeds, putting the seeds into clear water, stirring for 5-10min by using a stick, and fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the used loropetalum chinense seeds; and the volume ratio of the loropetalum chinense seeds to the clean water is 1:30;
step 2: seed soaking: soaking the selected seeds in clear water for 2-3d to reach the water content of the seeds;
step 3: and (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and adding 0.5% KMnO 4 Soaking the solution for 15min, and washing the seeds with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the sterilized loropetalum chinense seeds, thus obtaining the air-dried loropetalum chinense seeds;
step 4: and (3) airing: airing the seeds after the disinfection treatment until the surfaces of the seeds are free of water;
step 5: and (3) low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment: firstly, a part of the sterilized wet river sand is paved at 3/5 of the position in the sand table, then seeds are paved at 4/5 of the position, finally, the rest river sand is paved with the sand table, and then the seeds are placed in a low-temperature environment for sand storage for 90 days. And the seeds and the wet river sand are separated by gauze, and the temperature of the low-temperature environment is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
Wherein the wet river sand is mixed sand of coarse river sand (1-3 mm) and fine river sand (0.5-1.5 mm), and is cleaned until water is clarified before use, and KMnO is added at an amount of 0.5% 4 Soaking in the solution for 15min for sterilization, washing with distilled water until sand is colorless, and controlling humidity of wet river sand until the river sand can be held by hand to form a lump.
Wherein the height of the sand table is 5cm, the length is 30cm, and the width is 15cm. The wet river sand and seeds were placed in a 4:1 volume ratio sand table: firstly, spreading wet river sand accounting for 3/5 of the sand table in the sand table, spreading seeds accounting for 1/5 of the sand table on the sand, and finally filling the rest 1/5 of the sand table with the wet river sand.
The seeds and the wet river sand are separated by gauze, namely, when the river sand is paved at 3/5 of the sand table, a layer of gauze is paved, then the seeds are uniformly and orderly arranged on the gauze, and then the gauze is covered, which occupies 1/5 of the volume of the sand table, and finally, the sand table is filled with the river sand. The temperature of the low-temperature environment is controlled to be 0-5 ℃.
Step 6: refining buds: counting germination rate, and taking out the germinated seeds from the sand table, removing seed coats, placing on a beaker vertical germination device, and placing in a climatic incubator with temperature of 24-27 ℃ and humidity of 60%, and illumination for 24 hours, wherein the light intensity is 2400xl, and growing to 3-5cm;
wherein, the radicle of the seed grows to 2-3mm, then the radicle is removed from the sand table, and the seed is put on a beaker vertical germinator for refining buds.
Wherein, the beaker vertical germinator is a beaker with 50-200ml, and the diameter of the filter paper is larger than 3cm of the beaker mouth. The filter paper is perforated according to the seed size, preferably without dropping the seeds, and about 5-6 seeds are placed in each beaker. The hole distance of the small seeds is about 1cm, and the hole distance of the large seeds is 1.5cm. And a small hole is drilled in the center of the filter paper, and the filter paper roll core is inserted into the small hole for water absorption. The beaker is filled with water, filter paper is paved at the mouth of the beaker, the radicle end of the seed is downward, the seed is inserted into the small hole for a little, the water is replenished and replaced at regular time, and the radicle length is measured at proper time.
Step 7: sowing: sowing the germinated seeds into a seedling tray, watering the soil with water, culturing for 5-20 days, and counting the seedling emergence rate, wherein the result is shown in Table 1;
wherein, the sprouted seeds are continuously placed in a climatic incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 60 percent, the illumination is carried out for 12 hours, and the light intensity is 2400xl for 15 days.
Step 8: and (3) post-management: after emergence, watering was performed at 8:00, 14:00, 21:00 times per day. Along with the continuous growth of the seedlings, the nutrient solution and the insecticide are sprayed once every month, the seedlings are trimmed, and the growth container is replaced.
Example 4: comparative example
The embodiment relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds, which comprises seed selection, low-temperature treatment, seed disinfection treatment, seed soaking, culture dish induced germination treatment, sowing and later-period management. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: seed selection: selecting full and bright and complete loropetalum chinense seeds, putting the seeds into clear water, stirring for 5-10min by using a stick, and fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the used loropetalum chinense seeds; and the volume ratio of the loropetalum chinense seeds to the clean water is 1:30;
step 2: and (3) low-temperature treatment: putting the seeds selected in the step 1 into a brown bottle, and storing in a low-temperature environment at 0-5 ℃ for 100 days;
step 3: and (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and adding 0.5% KMnO 4 Soaking the solution for 15min, and washing the seeds with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the sterilized loropetalum chinense seeds.
Step 4: seed soaking: soaking the sterilized seeds in sterile water for 2-3d;
step 5: and (3) induction germination treatment of a culture dish: on a sterile operation table, the soaked seeds are moved to a culture dish by sterilized tweezers, then the seeds are placed in an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 60 percent, the seeds are irradiated for 12 hours, the buds are induced in the artificial climate incubator with the light intensity of 2400xl, and the water is timely supplemented.
The culture dish is made by cutting gauze and absorbent cotton into the same size as the culture dish in a sterile operation table, spreading a layer of sterile absorbent cotton on the culture dish, spreading a layer of gauze, transferring seeds, and spreading gauze and absorbent cotton.
Step 6: sowing: counting germination rate, and sowing the germinated seeds into seedling trays, and watering the seeds to thoroughly soak the soil, wherein the result is shown in Table 1; the seedling emergence rate was counted after 5-20 days of culture, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Wherein, the sprouted seeds are continuously placed in a climatic incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 60 percent, the illumination is carried out for 24 hours, and the light intensity is 2400xl for 15 days.
Step 7: and (3) post-management: after emergence, watering was performed at 8:00, 14:00, 21:00 times per day. Along with the continuous growth of the seedlings, the nutrient solution and the insecticide are sprayed once every month, the seedlings are trimmed, and the growth container is replaced.
Example 5: comparative example
The embodiment relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds, which comprises seed selection, low-temperature treatment, seed disinfection treatment, seed soaking in gibberellin solution, culture dish induced germination treatment, sowing and later-period management. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: seed selection: selecting full and bright and complete loropetalum chinense seeds, putting the seeds into clear water, stirring for 5-10min by using a stick, and fishing out the seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the used loropetalum chinense seeds; and the volume ratio of the loropetalum chinense seeds to the clean water is 1:30;
step 2: and (3) low-temperature treatment: putting the seeds selected in the step 1 into a brown bottle, and storing in a low-temperature environment at 0-5 ℃ for 100 days;
step 3: and (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing seeds with distilled water for 3-5 times, and adding 0.5% KMnO 4 Soaking the solution for 15min, and cleaning the seeds with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the disinfected loropetalum chinense seeds;
step 4: seed soaking: soaking the sterilized seeds in 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% gibberellin solution for 2-3d;
step 5: and (3) induction germination treatment of a culture dish: transferring the soaked seeds to a culture dish by using sterilized tweezers on a sterile operation table, then placing the culture dish at the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 60%, irradiating for 24 hours, inducing germination in an artificial climate incubator with the light intensity of 2400xl, and supplementing water in time;
the culture dish is made by cutting gauze and absorbent cotton into the same size as the culture dish in a sterile operation table, spreading a layer of sterile absorbent cotton on the culture dish, spreading a layer of gauze, transferring seeds, and spreading gauze and absorbent cotton.
Step 6: sowing: counting germination rate, and sowing the germinated seeds into seedling trays, and watering the seeds to thoroughly soak the soil, wherein the result is shown in Table 1; the seedling emergence rate was counted after 5-20 days of culture, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Wherein, the sprouted seeds are continuously placed in a climatic incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 60 percent, the illumination is carried out for 24 hours, and the light intensity is 2400xl for 15 days.
Step 7: and (3) post-management: after emergence, watering was performed at 8:00, 14:00, 21:00 times per day. Along with the continuous growth of the seedlings, the nutrient solution and the insecticide are sprayed once every month, the seedlings are trimmed, and the growth container is replaced.
Wherein germination rate = number of germinated seeds/total number of loropetalum chinensis seeds for raising seedlings; emergence rate = number of seeds grown per total number of loropetalum chinensis seeds used for raising seedlings. It can be seen from Table 1 that the high-efficiency seedling raising method of Loropetalum chinense seeds of examples 1-3 has the bud ratio increased by more than 32% compared with examples 4 and 5 and the seedling ratio increased by more than 36% compared with examples 4 and 5.
TABLE 1 statistics of germination Rate and emergence Rate of the invention
| Examples | Bud ratio/% | Emergence rate/% |
| 1 | 92.9 | 91.9 |
| 2 | 93.4 | 92.4 |
| 3 | 92.5 | 92.1 |
| 4 | 60.5 | 55.4 |
| 5 | 58.7 | 53.6 |
In summary, the invention ensures that the loropetalum chinense seeds have high emergence rate, large production scale and less investment through the processes of seed selection, seed soaking, seed disinfection treatment, air drying treatment, low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment, bud hardening, sowing and the like.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinense seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pretreatment: sequentially selecting, soaking, sterilizing and airing the loropetalum chinense seeds to obtain aired loropetalum chinense seeds;
step 2: and (3) low-temperature sand storage lamination treatment: the dried loropetalum chinense seeds and wet river sand are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: (3-20) carrying out low-temperature sand accumulation and lamination treatment for 60-120d, controlling the temperature at 0-5 ℃ to enable radicle of the loropetalum chinense seeds to grow to 2-5mm, and obtaining the loropetalum chinense seeds to be subjected to bud refining;
step 3: refining buds: placing the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be subjected to bud refining, which are obtained in the step 2, at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the humidity of 50-70%, keeping illumination for 18-24 hours in one day, and performing bud refining treatment under the condition that the light intensity is 2000-2800xl until radicle of the loropetalum chinensis seeds grows to 3-5cm, so as to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown;
step 4: sowing, namely sowing and cultivating the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown obtained in the step 3 to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seedlings.
2. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds of claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the aired loropetalum chinensis seeds and wet river sand are mixed according to a volume ratio of 1: (3-10) carrying out low-temperature sand accumulation and lamination treatment for 70-110d, controlling the temperature at 0-5 ℃ to enable radicle of the loropetalum chinense seeds to grow to 2-5mm, and obtaining the loropetalum chinense seeds to be subjected to bud refining.
3. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds of claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the low-temperature sand accumulation layer-stacking treatment are as follows: firstly spreading a part of the sterilized wet river sand into a sand table, wherein the volume of the spread wet river sand is 1/4-4/5 of that of the sand table to obtain a bottom sand storage layer, spreading loropetalum chinensis seeds on the upper surface of the bottom sand storage layer to enable the loropetalum chinensis seeds to occupy 1/20-1/3 of the volume of the sand table, spreading the rest wet river sand into the sand table, then placing the sand table at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ for 60-120d, and enabling radicle of the loropetalum chinensis seeds to grow to 2-5mm to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be subjected to bud refining.
4. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds of claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the low-temperature sand accumulation layer-stacking treatment are as follows: firstly, spreading a part of the sterilized wet river sand into a sand table, wherein the volume of the spread wet river sand is 1/4-4/5 of that of the sand table, a bottom sand storage layer is obtained, spreading a layer of gauze on the bottom sand storage layer, spreading Loropetalum chinense seeds on the gauze to enable the Loropetalum chinense seeds to occupy 1/20-1/3 of that of the sand table, spreading a layer of gauze on the Loropetalum chinense seeds, finally spreading the rest wet river sand into the sand table, and then placing the sand table at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ for 60-120d to enable the radicle of the Loropetalum chinense seeds to grow to 2-5mm, thus obtaining the Loropetalum chinense seeds to be refined buds.
5. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds according to claim 1, wherein the wet river sand is mixed sand of 1-3mm thick river sand and 0.5-1.5mm thin river sand according to a weight ratio of 1 (2-8).
6. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds of claim 1, wherein the specific steps of seed selection and seed soaking treatment in the step 1 are as follows: and (3) placing the loropetalum chinense seeds in clear water, stirring for 5-30min, fishing out the loropetalum chinense seeds sinking at the bottom to obtain the loropetalum chinense seeds for seedling culture, placing the loropetalum chinense seeds for seedling culture in the clear water, soaking for 2-3d to obtain the soaked loropetalum chinense seeds, and finishing seed selection and seed soaking treatment of the loropetalum chinense seeds.
7. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds according to claim 6, wherein the specific process of the disinfection treatment in the step 1 is as follows: the soaked Loropetalum chinense seeds are subjected to KMnO with the mass concentration of 0.25-1% 4 Soaking in the solution for 10-20min, and then washing with distilled water for 5-6 times to obtain the sterilized loropetalum chinense seeds, namely finishing the sterilization treatment.
8. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds of claim 1, wherein the specific process of hardening buds in the step 3 is as follows: and (3) placing the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be germinated obtained in the step (2) into a germinator, and then placing the loropetalum chinensis seeds into an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%, keeping illumination for 20-24 hours in one day and the light intensity of 2400xl until radicle of the loropetalum chinensis seeds grows to 3-5cm, so as to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown.
9. The method for efficient seedling raising of loropetalum chinensis seeds according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the specific steps of sowing and cultivating in the step 4 are as follows: sowing the loropetalum chinense seeds to be sown into a seedling tray, then placing the seedling tray in an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the humidity of 50-70%, keeping illumination for 8-14h in one day and the light intensity of 2000-2800xl for 5-20d to obtain the loropetalum chinense seedlings.
10. The high-efficiency seedling raising method for loropetalum chinensis seeds of claim 9, wherein the specific steps of sowing and cultivating in the step 4 are as follows: sowing the loropetalum chinensis seeds to be sown into a seedling tray, then placing the seedling tray into an artificial climate incubator with the temperature of 24-27 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%, keeping illumination for 10-12h in one day and the light intensity of 2200-2600xl, and culturing for 7-20d to obtain the loropetalum chinensis seedlings.
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| 冯岳东等: "檵木及红花檵木种子萌发特性研究初报", 中国农学通报, vol. 28, no. 19, 5 July 2012 (2012-07-05), pages 203 - 209 * |
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