CN116266669A

CN116266669A - Antenna structure and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN116266669A
Application number: CN202111561340.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周圆
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-17
Filing date: 2021-12-17
Publication date: 2023-06-20
Also published as: WO2023109673A1

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna structure and electronic equipment, wherein, the antenna structure includes the radiator, is equipped with annular gap on the radiator, and the radiator is cut apart into first part and second part by annular gap. The annular gap comprises a first position, the first position is provided with an inductor and a switch, one end of the switch is electrically connected with a first part on one side of the first position, the other end of the switch is electrically connected with one end of the inductor, and the other end of the inductor is electrically connected with a second part on the other side of the first position. The antenna structure provided by the application can be used for changing the electric field distribution in the annular gap to enable the antenna structure to be a pattern reconfigurable antenna so as to increase the coverage range of the antenna and meet the communication requirement.

Description

Antenna structure and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to an antenna structure and an electronic device.

Background

In recent years, with the continuous development of communication technology, electronic devices have been developed toward miniaturization and integration. Antennas, as a key component of communication between electronic devices, are also designed to face challenges such as small design space, large operating frequency bands, and complex electromagnetic environments. In order to solve these problems, some new antenna design methods such as miniaturization, pattern reconfigurable technology, decoupling technology and the like are proposed in recent years, and new ideas and methods are provided for antenna design. The pattern reconfigurable technology refers to different radiation patterns obtained by the same antenna by utilizing different states of an adjustable device, so that the antenna can cover more space areas. Therefore, the antenna with the reconfigurable pattern can bring the advantages which are not possessed by a plurality of traditional antennas, different patterns can be obtained through one antenna, the hardware cost of the antenna can be reduced, the size can be reduced, and the communication requirement can be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna structure and electronic equipment, which enable the antenna structure to be a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna by changing electric field distribution in an annular gap so as to increase antenna coverage and meet communication requirements.

In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, comprising: the radiator is provided with an annular gap, and the radiator is divided into a first part and a second part by the annular gap; the annular gap comprises a first position, an inductor and a switch are arranged at the first position, one end of the switch is electrically connected with the first part on one side of the first position, the other end of the switch is electrically connected with one end of the inductor, and the other end of the inductor is electrically connected with the second part on the other side of the first position.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the electric connection state between one end of the switch switching inductor and the first part at the first position is changed, so that electric field distribution in the annular gap is changed, an antenna structure is made into a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, the coverage range of the antenna is increased (for example, 360-degree omni-directional coverage is realized), stable connection is realized, communication requirements are met, and user experience is improved.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure generates a first pattern when the switch is in a first switch state; when the switch is in a second switch state, the antenna structure generates a second pattern; the first pattern and the second pattern are complementary.

According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the antenna structure has omnidirectionality, is favorable for receiving electromagnetic waves in all directions by the antenna structure, is also favorable for transmitting the electromagnetic waves to all directions by the antenna structure, and improves user experience.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure includes a plurality of the first locations.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the antenna structure can comprise a plurality of first positions, the switch and the inductor which are electrically connected with the first part and the second part are arranged at each first position, and the state of the switch can be switched to the electric connection state between one end of the inductor at each first position and the first part, so that the switch state can be controlled according to the actual working requirement, the directional diagram of the antenna structure is changed, and the communication requirement is met.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure further includes a first feed unit; one end of the first power feeding unit is electrically connected with the first part, and the other end of the first power feeding unit is electrically connected with the second part.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the first feeding unit can be used for feeding the antenna structure. Wherein the first part of the antenna structure may be grounded, or the second part may be grounded.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the radiator is a columnar structure, and the annular gap of the first end of the radiator is provided with the first position.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the antenna structure can also be of a three-dimensional structure, and different size requirements of the internal design space of the electronic equipment are met.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the antenna structure further includes a metal layer, where the metal layer is disposed at the second end of the radiator, and the metal layer is electrically connected to the radiator.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the metal layer can be used as a floor, or the metal layer can be electrically connected with the floor in the electronic equipment, and the metal layer is equivalent to the floor.

In a second aspect, an antenna structure is provided, comprising: a radiator and a feed network; the radiator is provided with an annular gap, the radiator is divided into a first part and a second part by the annular gap, and the second part is positioned outside the first part; the annular gap comprises a first position, an inductor is arranged at the first position, and two ends of the inductor are respectively and electrically connected with the first part and the second part at two sides of the first position; the first end of the feed network is electrically connected with the second position of the second part, and the second end of the feed network is electrically connected with the third position of the second part; the feed network comprises a first feed point and a second feed point, and when the first feed point feeds power, the phase difference between the electric signal at the second position and the electric signal at the third position is 0+/-45 degrees; when the second feeding point feeds, the electric signal at the second position and the electric signal at the third position are 180 degrees plus or minus 45 degrees different.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, when the antenna structure works, the electric field distribution in the annular gap is changed by feeding in different feeding modes (same-direction feeding or differential feeding), so that the antenna structure becomes a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, the coverage range of the antenna is increased (for example, 360-degree omni-directional coverage is realized), stable connection is realized, the communication requirement is met, and the user experience is improved.

With reference to the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the feed network includes a first feed branch, a second feed branch, and a loop branch; wherein the annular branch comprises a first connection point and a second connection point; one end of the first power feeding branch is electrically connected with the first connecting point, and the other end of the first power feeding branch is electrically connected with the second position of the second part; one end of the second feed branch is electrically connected with the second connection point, and the other end of the second feed branch is electrically connected with a third position of the second part; the annular branch includes the first feed point and the second feed point.

With reference to the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, a distance between the first feeding point and the first connection point along the annular branch is equal to a distance between the first feeding point and the second connection point along the annular branch.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the feeding network can ensure that the feeding mode is the same-direction feeding when the first feeding point feeds.

With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, a distance between the second feeding point and the first connection point along the annular branch differs from a distance between the second feeding point and the second connection point along the annular branch by a half of a first wavelength, where the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency band of the antenna structure.

According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the feeding mode of the second feeding point feeding can be guaranteed to be differential feeding by adopting the feeding network.

With reference to the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the antenna structure further includes a second feeding element and a third feeding element, the antenna structure generating a third pattern when the second feeding element feeds at the first feeding point; when the third feeding unit feeds at the second feeding point, the antenna structure generates a fourth pattern; the third pattern is complementary to the fourth pattern.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the antenna structure has omnidirectionality, is favorable for receiving electromagnetic waves in all directions by the antenna structure, is favorable for transmitting the electromagnetic waves to all directions by the antenna structure, and improves user experience. And the feeding mode of the antenna structure can be switched according to the actual working requirement, so that a third direction diagram or a fourth direction diagram is obtained to meet the communication requirement.

With reference to the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the antenna structure further includes a dielectric plate; the dielectric plate is arranged between the radiator and the feed network.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the dielectric plate can be used for supporting the feed network.

With reference to the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the radiator is a columnar structure, and the annular gap of the first end of the radiator is provided with the first position.

With reference to the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the antenna structure further includes a metal layer, where the metal layer is disposed at the second end of the radiator, and the metal layer is electrically connected to the radiator.

In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising an antenna structure as in any of the first or second aspects above.

With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the electronic device is a router.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic architecture diagram of a mobile communication system suitable for use in embodiments of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the antenna structure shown in fig. 2 is in the operation mode 1.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in operating mode 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the antenna structure shown in fig. 2 is in the operation mode 2.

Fig. 6 is a pattern of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in operating mode 2.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the antenna structure shown in fig. 2 is in the operation mode 3.

Fig. 8 is a pattern of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in operating mode 3.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the antenna structure shown in fig. 2 is in the operation mode 4.

Fig. 10 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in the operational mode 4.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the antenna structure shown in fig. 2 is in the operation mode 5.

Fig. 12 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in the operating mode 5.

Fig. 13 is a diagram of S-parameter simulation results when the antenna structure shown in fig. 2 is in different operation modes.

Fig. 14 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in operating mode 1.

Fig. 15 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in operating mode 2.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the switch is in the first switch state in the antenna structure shown in fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a diagram of the antenna structure of fig. 16 with the switch in a first switch state.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram showing an electric field distribution when the switch is in the second switch state in the antenna structure shown in fig. 16.

Fig. 20 is a diagram of the antenna structure of fig. 16 with the switch in a second switch state.

Fig. 21 is a diagram showing S-parameter simulation results when the switch is in the first switch state and the second switch state in the antenna structure shown in fig. 16.

Fig. 22 is a simulation diagram of efficiency of the antenna structure of fig. 16 when the switch is in a first switch state and a second switch state, respectively.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 24 is a partial enlarged view of the antenna structure shown in fig. 23.

Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram showing an electric field distribution of the antenna structure shown in fig. 23 when fed at the first feeding point.

Fig. 26 is a pattern of the antenna structure shown in fig. 23 when fed at the first feeding point.

Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution of the antenna structure shown in fig. 23 at the time of feeding at the second feeding point.

Fig. 28 is a pattern of the antenna structure shown in fig. 23 when fed at the second feeding point.

Fig. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram showing an electric field distribution of the antenna structure shown in fig. 29 when fed at the first feeding point.

Fig. 31 is a pattern of the antenna structure shown in fig. 29 when fed at the first feeding point.

Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution of the antenna structure shown in fig. 29 when fed at the second feeding point.

Fig. 33 is a pattern of the antenna structure shown in fig. 29 when fed at the second feeding point.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be understood that "electrically connected" in this application is understood to mean that the components are in physical contact and electrically conductive; the circuit structure can also be understood as a form of connecting different components through solid circuits such as copper foils or wires of a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) and the like which can transmit electric signals; it is also understood that the electrical conduction is isolated by means of indirect coupling. "coupled" is understood to mean electrically isolated conduction by indirect coupling, wherein it is understood by those skilled in the art that coupling refers to the phenomenon in which there is a close fit and interaction between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks and the transfer of energy from one side to the other through interaction. "connected" or "coupled" may refer to a mechanical or physical connection, for example, a and B connection or a and B connection may refer to a fastening member (e.g., screw, bolt, rivet, etc.) between a and B, or a and B in contact with each other and a and B are difficult to separate.

Antenna gain: refers to the ratio of the power densities of signals generated at the same point in space by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating element (in practice, dipole antenna(s) are used instead, since the ideal radiating element is not present) under the condition that the input power is equal. It quantitatively describes the extent to which an antenna concentrates the input power.

Horizontal and vertical polarizations of the antenna: at a given point in space, the electric field strength E (vector) is a unitary function of time t, with the vector end points describing the trajectory periodically in space over time. The trajectory is straight and perpendicular to the ground (the plane of the floor), called vertical polarization, and if horizontal to the ground, called horizontal polarization. Meanwhile, since the vibration directions of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave and the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave are mutually perpendicular, the coupling between the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave and the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave is lower, and the isolation degree is better.

Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of the input power to the output power at the port of the antenna.

Antenna radiation efficiency (radiation efficiency): refers to the ratio of the power radiated out of the antenna to space (i.e., the power that effectively converts the electromagnetic wave portion) to the active power input to the antenna. Wherein active power input to the antenna = input power of the antenna-loss power; the loss power mainly includes return loss power and ohmic loss power and/or dielectric loss power of metal. The radiation efficiency is a value for measuring the radiation capacity of the antenna, and the metal loss and the dielectric loss are both influencing factors of the radiation efficiency.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the efficiency is generally expressed in terms of a percentage, which has a corresponding scaling relationship with dB, the closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency characterizing the antenna.

Antenna return loss: it is understood that the ratio of the signal power reflected back through the antenna circuit to the antenna port transmit power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

The antenna return loss can be represented by an S11 parameter, S11 belonging to one of the S parameters. S11 represents a reflection coefficient, which can characterize the quality of the antenna transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number, and the smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, and the smaller the energy reflected by the antenna, that is, the more energy actually enters the antenna, the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the larger the S11 parameter, the larger the antenna return loss, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna.

It should be noted that, engineering generally uses an S11 value of-4 dB as a standard, and when the S11 value of the antenna is smaller than-4 dB, the antenna can be considered to work normally, or the transmission efficiency of the antenna can be considered to be better.

Ground (floor): may refer broadly to at least a portion of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer, etc., within an electronic device (such as a router), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground components, etc., and "ground" may be used for grounding of components within the electronic device. In one embodiment, the "ground" may be a ground layer of a circuit board of the electronic device, or may be a ground plate formed by a middle frame of the electronic device or a ground metal layer formed by a metal film under a screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB), such as an 8-, 10-, 13-or 12-to 14-ply board having 8, 10, 12, 13 or 14 layers of conductive material, or elements separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass, polymers, or the like. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, the trace layer and the ground layer being electrically connected by vias. In one embodiment, components such as display 120, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery 140, charging circuitry, system on chip (SoC) structures, etc., may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and/or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, the radio frequency source is disposed on the trace layer.

Any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite coated substrate, copper plated substrate, brass plated substrate, and aluminized substrate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the ground layer/plate/metal layer may be made of other conductive materials.

As shown in fig. 1, the mobile communication system 100 may include at least one network device 101, at least one customer premise equipment (customer premise equipment, CPE) 102, and at least one User Equipment (UE) 103. Fig. 1 is only a schematic diagram, and other network devices may be further included in the communication system, for example, a wireless relay device and a wireless backhaul device may also be included, which are not shown in fig. 1. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the number and specific types of network devices and UEs included in the mobile communication system.

The UE103 in the embodiment of the present application may refer to a router, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, and the like. The electronic device may also be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a session initiation protocol (session initiation protocol, SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (wireless local loop, WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, an electronic device in a 5G network or an electronic device in a future evolved public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN), etc., as the embodiments of the present application are not limited in this respect. The technical solution provided in the present application is applicable to a UE103 employing one or more of the following communication technologies: bluetooth (BT) communication technology, global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, wiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other communication technologies in the future.

The network device 101 in the embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device, which may be a network device (base transceiver station, BTS) in a GSM system or a code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA), a network device (nodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, an evolved network device (evolutional nodeB, eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a network device in a relay station, an access point, a vehicle device, a wearable device, and a future 5G network (new generation nodeB, gNB or gnob) or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, and a network device supporting a third generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project,3GPP) protocol version later, or the like, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

It should be appreciated that CPE102 may network user equipment 103 by receiving cellular network signals transmitted by network equipment 101 and delivering the cellular network signals to user equipment 103. For example, CPE102 may convert 2G/3G/4G/5G signals transmitted by network device 101 to WiFi signals to network user device 103.

As shown in fig. 2, the antenna structure 200 may include a radiator 210, where the radiator 210 is provided with an annular slot 240, and the radiator 210 is divided into a first portion 211 and a second portion 212 by the annular slot 240. The annular gap 240 comprises a first location 241, the first location 241 being provided with the inductor 220 and the switch 230. One end of the switch 230 is electrically connected to the first portion 211 on one side of the first position 241, the other end of the switch 230 is electrically connected to one end of the inductor 220, and the other end of the inductor 220 is electrically connected to the second portion 212 on the other side of the first position 241.

It should be appreciated that the radiator 210 may be separated into an inner radiator and an outer radiator by an annular gap 240, wherein the first portion 211 may be the inner radiator and the second portion 212 may be the outer radiator; alternatively, the first portion 211 may be an outer radiator and the second portion 212 may be an inner radiator, which is not limited in this application. In the embodiment of the present application, for simplicity of description, the first portion 211 is taken as an inner radiator, and the second portion 212 is taken as an outer radiator as an example.

In one embodiment, switch 230 has a first switch state and a second switch state. The switch 230 is switchable between a first switch state and a second switch state. For example, when the switch 230 is in the first switch state, in the first position 241, both ends of the inductor 220 are electrically connected to the first portion 211 and the second portion 212, respectively. When the switch 220 is in the second switch state, in the first position 241, the one end of the inductor 220 is disconnected from the first portion 211, no electrical connection is made, no transmission of electrical signals is made, in which case the first portion 211 and the second portion 212 are not electrically connected through the inductor 220 in the first position 241.

In one embodiment, switch 230 may be a single pole single throw switch, or other types of switches, such as a single pole double throw switch, a single pole four throw switch, or a four pole single throw switch, to achieve the same technical result, or may be other devices that perform the switching function.

It should be appreciated that, in the technical solution provided in this embodiment of the present application, the electric connection state between one end of the inductor 220 and the first portion 211 at the first position 241 is switched by the switch 230, so as to change the electric field distribution in the annular slot 240, so that the antenna structure 200 becomes a directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, so as to increase the coverage area of the antenna (for example, realize 360 ° omni-directional coverage), realize stable connection, and facilitate meeting the communication requirement and improve the user experience.

In one embodiment, the shape of the radiator 210 and the annular gap 240 may be arbitrary. For example, the radiator 210 may be circular, square, etc., and the annular slit 240 may be circular, square, etc., which is not limited in this application. In addition, the annular slit 240 may be disposed at any position of the radiator 210, for example, the annular slit 240 may be disposed at a central symmetrical position of the radiator 210 or may be disposed at an non-central symmetrical position of the radiator 210, which is not limited in this application.

In one embodiment, the width of the annular gap 240 may be different, e.g., the width of one side of the annular gap 240 may be greater than the width of the other side; alternatively, the width of the annular gap 240 may be the same.

For example, when the widths of the annular slits 240 are the same, the width of the annular slits 240 may be between 1mm and 6mm, and the width of the annular slits 240 may be 2mm, or 4mm. It should be understood that the specific value of the annular gap 240 may be adjusted according to actual production needs, which is not limited in this application.

In one embodiment, the inductor 220 may be a lumped inductor device or a distributed routing equivalent inductor, which is not limited in this application. In the embodiment of the present application, for simplicity of description, the inductor 220 is taken as a lumped inductor device for illustration.

In one embodiment, the inductance of the inductor 220 may be between 1nH and 18nH, for example, the inductance may be 7nH or 10nH. It should be understood that the specific data of the inductor 220 may be adjusted according to actual design requirements, which is not limited in this application.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may include a plurality of first locations 241, a plurality of inductors 220, and a plurality of switches 230, and in this case, the plurality of inductors 220 and the plurality of switches 230 may be in one-to-one correspondence.

For example, one inductor 220 and one switch 230 are provided at each first location 241 in electrical connection with the first portion 211 and the second portion 212.

In the embodiment of the present application, for brevity of description, only the antenna structure 200 includes 8

inductors

220 and 8 corresponding first positions 241 is illustrated as an example. Wherein at each first location 241 one inductor 220 and one switch 230 are provided in electrical connection with the first portion 211 and the second portion 212. It should be understood that the number of the first inductors 220 241 is illustrative, and may be adjusted according to actual design requirements, for example, the number of the first inductors 241 and the corresponding inductors 220 may be 4, which is not limited in this application.

In one embodiment, the plurality of first locations 241 may be disposed at equal intervals on the annular gap 240, or may be disposed at unequal intervals on the annular gap 240, which is not limited in this application.

It should be understood that equidistant may be understood as the distance between every two adjacent first locations 241 of the plurality of first locations 241 being equal.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may further include a first feeding unit 250, and the loop slot 240 may be provided with a first feeding point 242, and the first feeding unit 250 may feed the antenna structure 200 at the first feeding point 242. Wherein both ends of the first feeding unit 250 may be electrically connected to the first portion 211 and the second portion 212 at both sides of the first feeding point 242, respectively.

In one embodiment, a matching network may be further disposed between the first feeding unit 250 and the first feeding point 242, which may be used to suppress the current of other frequency bands of the feeding point, so as to increase the overall performance of the antenna; at the same time, the position of the resonance point can also be adjusted. For example, the matching network may include a first capacitor having one end electrically connected to the second portion 212 and the other end electrically connected to the first feeding unit 250.

In one embodiment, the capacitance value of the first capacitor may be 4.5pF. It should be understood that the form and specific data of the matching network may be adjusted according to actual design requirements, which is not limited in this application.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 may be grounded through the first portion 211, or may be grounded through the second portion 212, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiment of the present application, for simplicity of description, the annular slit 240 is a circular shape, the radiator 210 is a circular shape, and the annular slit 240 is disposed at a central symmetrical position of the radiator 210 for illustration. For example, the inner diameter of the annular gap 240 may be 23mm, the outer diameter of the annular gap 240 may be 27mm, and the radius of the radiator 210 may be 60mm. It should be understood that the shape, location and specific data of the radiator 210, annular gap 240 are illustrative and may be adjusted according to actual design needs and are not limiting of the present application. The following description will take as an example the case where the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 is in different operation modes.

The antenna structure 200 is in different operation modes, which may be understood as that the plurality of switches 230 in the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 are respectively in different states when the first feeding unit 250 feeds. For example, the plurality of switches 230 may all be in a first switch state, referred to herein as mode 1 of operation. Or the plurality of switches 230 may all be in the second switch state, which is denoted as operating mode 2. Still another or one of the plurality of switches 230 may be in a second switch state with the remainder being in a first switch state. In the second switch state, switch 230, which may be in the second position 243, is now designated as operating mode 3; switch 230, which may also be in a third position 244, is referred to herein as operating mode 4; also, switch 230 may be in a fourth position 245, referred to herein as mode 5.

It should be appreciated that the second location 243, the third location 244, and the fourth location 245 may each be one of the plurality of first locations 241.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 in the operation mode 1. Fig. 4 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 of fig. 2 in the operating mode 1.

As shown in fig. 3 (a), in the operation mode 1, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 is in the toroidal magnetic current mode. The same-directional annular magnetic current mode can be understood as that the direction of the electric field generated in the annular slot 240 is the same when the antenna structure 200 is operated. For example, the direction of the electric field within the annular gap 240 is directed from the first portion 211 to the second portion 212 or from the second portion 212 to the first portion 211. In this case, as shown in (b) of fig. 3, the polarization of the antenna structure 200 is vertical polarization. As shown in fig. 4 (a) and fig. 4 (b), in the operation mode 1, the antenna structure 200 generates a first pattern. Wherein the first pattern is a horizontal omni-directional pattern.

It should be understood that in the present embodiment, a plane parallel to the plane of the annular gap 240 is understood as a horizontal plane.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 in the operation mode 2. Fig. 6 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 of fig. 2 in the operating mode 2.

As shown in fig. 5 (a), in the operation mode 2, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 is a mode of one wavelength. The mode of one wavelength may be understood as that two electric field zero points are generated in the annular slot 240 when the antenna structure 200 is in operation, and the electrical length of the annular slot 240 between the two electric field zero points is the same as the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band. In the annular gap 240, the electric field directions on both sides of the electric field zero point are opposite. For example, on one side of the field zero, the direction of the electric field within the annular gap 240 is directed from the first portion 211 to the second portion 212; on the other side of the field zero, the direction of the electric field within the annular gap 240 is directed from the second portion 212 to the first portion 211. As shown in fig. 5 (b), in this case, the polarization of the antenna structure 200 is horizontal.

Wherein the electrical length may be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e. the mechanical length or the geometrical length) multiplied by the time of transmission of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium to the time required for this signal to travel the same distance in free space as the physical length of the medium, the electrical length may satisfy the following formula:

Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

Alternatively, the electrical length may also refer to the ratio of the physical length (i.e., the mechanical length or the geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, which may satisfy the following equation:

where L is the physical length and λ is the operating wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band may be understood as a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band, or may be considered as a wavelength corresponding to the resonance point.

As shown in fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b), in the operation mode 2, the antenna structure 200 generates a second pattern. Wherein the second pattern generated by the antenna structure 200 is complementary to the first pattern.

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, pattern complementarity may be understood as that the maximum gain points of the two patterns are not in the same direction.

The antenna structure 200 provided in this embodiment of the present application has omnidirectionality, which is favorable for the antenna structure 200 to receive electromagnetic waves in all directions, and is also favorable for the antenna structure 200 to transmit electromagnetic waves to all directions, thereby improving user experience.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 in the operation mode 3. Fig. 8 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 of fig. 2 in the operating mode 3.

As shown in fig. 7, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 in the operation mode 3 is similar to the electric field generated in the operation mode 1, and is the mode of the same-direction annular magnetic current. However, since the switch 220 of the second position 243 is in the second switching state, the electric field distribution in the annular gap 240 is not uniform compared to the operation mode 1, and the electric field value of the first region near the second position 243 is greater than the electric field value of the second region far from the second position 243. As shown in fig. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the pattern generated by the antenna structure 200 is deflected towards a second area distant from the second location 243 in this case, compared to the first pattern generated in the operation mode 1.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution when the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 is in the operation mode 4. Fig. 10 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 of fig. 2 in the operational mode 4.

As shown in fig. 9, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 in the operation mode 4 is similar to the electric field generated in the operation mode 1, and is the mode of the same-direction annular magnetic current. However, since the switch 220 at the third position 244 is in the second switching state, the electric field distribution in the annular gap 240 is not uniform compared to the operation mode 1, and the electric field value of the third region near the third position 244 is greater than the electric field value of the fourth region far from the second position 243. As shown in fig. 10 (a) and 10 (b), the pattern generated by the antenna structure 200 is deflected toward a fourth region away from the third location 244 in this case, as compared to the first pattern generated in the operation mode 1.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 in the operation mode 5. Fig. 12 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 of fig. 2 in the operational mode 5.

As shown in fig. 11, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 200 in the operation mode 5 is also in the mode of the same-directional ring magnetic current. However, since the switch 220 at the fourth position 245 is in the second switching state, the electric field distribution in the annular gap 240 is not uniform compared to the operation mode 1, and the electric field value of the fifth region near the fourth position 245 is greater than the electric field value of the sixth region far from the fourth position 245. As shown in fig. 12 (a) and 12 (b), the pattern generated by the antenna structure 200 is deflected toward a sixth region distant from the fourth position 245 in this case, as compared to the first pattern generated in the operation mode 1.

Fig. 13, 14 and 15 are diagrams of simulation results of the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2. Fig. 12 is a diagram of S-parameter simulation results when the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2 is in different operation modes. Fig. 14 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of the antenna structure of fig. 2 in operating mode 1. Fig. 15 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of the antenna structure 200 of fig. 2 in operating mode 2.

As shown in fig. 13, the resonant frequency bands of the antenna structure 200 in different operation modes overlap, and the operation frequency bands of the antenna structure 200 in different operation modes each include a first frequency band, where the first frequency band may refer to any frequency band in the communication frequency band.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, the simulation results include radiation efficiency and system efficiency, and when the antenna structure 200 is in the operation mode 1 and the operation mode 2, the radiation efficiency and the system efficiency can meet the communication requirement in the corresponding operation frequency band.

Table 1 below shows gain values corresponding to different operation modes of the antenna structure 200 at a resonance point of 2.45 GHz.

TABLE 1

	Mode of operation 1	Mode of operation 2	Mode of operation 3	Mode of operation 4	Mode of operation 5
						gain/dBi	3.2	5.8	4.9	5.6	5

As shown in table 1, the antenna structure 200 has good radiation characteristics when in different operation modes.

It should be understood that, in the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application, the electric field distribution in the annular gap 240 is changed by switching the electric connection state between one end of the inductor 220 and the first portion 211 at the first position 241 by the switch 230, so that the antenna structure 200 is in different operation modes, and different operation modes of the antenna structure 200 may generate different patterns. Thus, by controlling the state of the switch 230, different patterns can be obtained.

The antenna structure 200 can be in 5 different operation modes by switching the state of the switch 230, so that the antenna structure 200 generates 5 different patterns. It should be appreciated that when the antenna structure 200 includes N inductors 220 (N.gtoreq.1), the antenna structure 200 may be at 2 by switching the state of the switch 230 electrically connected to each inductor 220 ^N The antenna structure 200 can obtain 2 in various operation modes ^N A pattern. Therefore, the state of the switch 230 can be controlled according to the actual working requirement to change the pattern of the antenna structure 200, so as to meet the communication requirement.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 300 according to an embodiment of the present application. The embodiment shown in fig. 16 includes the structures of the embodiment shown in fig. 2.

Unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the radiator 210 in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 has a planar structure, whereas in the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16, the radiator 310 has a three-dimensional structure, for example, the radiator 310 may have a columnar structure. The radiator 310 is divided by an annular slit 320 into a first portion 311 and a second portion 312, the annular slit 320 of the first end 313 of the radiator 310 being provided with a first location 321.

As shown in fig. 16, the antenna structure 300 may further include a metal layer 330, where the metal layer 330 is disposed at the second end 314 of the radiator 310. Wherein the metal layer 330 is electrically connected to the radiator 310.

In one embodiment, the metal layer 330 may act as a floor in an electronic device, or the metal layer 330 may be electrically connected to a floor in an electronic device, equivalently a floor.

Like the antenna structure 200 shown in fig. 2, the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16 may also change the electric field distribution in the annular slot 320 by switching the electric connection state between one end of the inductor 350 and the first portion 311 at the first position 341 through the switch 340, so that the antenna structure 300 becomes a pattern reconfigurable antenna to increase the coverage area of the antenna (for example, realize 360 ° omni-directional coverage), realize stable connection, and facilitate meeting the communication requirement and improving the user experience.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the switch 340 is in the first switch state in the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a diagram of the antenna structure 300 of fig. 16 with the switch 340 in a first switch state.

As shown in fig. 17 (a) and 17 (b), when the switch 340 in the antenna structure 300 is in the first switch state, it is denoted as an operation mode 6. The electric field generated by the antenna structure 300 is in a toroidal magnetic current mode in the same direction, and the polarization mode of the antenna structure 300 is vertical polarization. As shown in fig. 18 (a) and 18 (b), when the switch 340 in the antenna structure 300 is in the first switch state, the antenna structure 300 generates a first pattern. Wherein the first pattern is a horizontal omni-directional pattern. And because the metal layer 330 acts as or is equivalently a floor, the first pattern is uniformly distributed in the x-axis direction, resulting in a complete first pattern.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the switch 340 is in the second switch state in the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16. Fig. 20 is a diagram of the antenna structure 300 of fig. 16 with the switch 340 in the second switch state.

As shown in fig. 19 (a) and fig. 19 (b), when the switch 340 in the antenna structure 300 is in the second switch state, the operation mode 7 is recorded, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 300 is in a mode of one wavelength, and the polarization mode of the antenna structure 300 is horizontal polarization. As shown in fig. 20 (a) and 20 (b), when the switch 340 in the antenna structure 300 is in the second switch state, the antenna structure 300 generates a second pattern. Wherein the second pattern generated by the antenna structure 300 is complementary to the first pattern.

The antenna structure 300 provided by the embodiment of the application has omnidirectionality, is favorable for the antenna structure 300 to receive electromagnetic waves in all directions, is favorable for the antenna structure 300 to emit the electromagnetic waves to all directions, and improves user experience.

Fig. 21 and 22 are diagrams of simulation results of the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16. Fig. 21 is a diagram of S-parameter simulation results when the switch in the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16 is in the first switch state and the second switch state, respectively. Fig. 22 is a simulation diagram of efficiency when the switch in the antenna structure 300 shown in fig. 16 is in a first switch state and a second switch state, respectively.

As shown in fig. 21, the resonant frequency bands of the antenna structure 300 in the operation mode 6 and the operation mode 7 overlap, and the operation frequency bands of the antenna structure 300 in the operation mode 6 and the operation mode 7 respectively include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band may refer to any frequency band in the communication frequency bands.

As shown in fig. 22, when the antenna structure 300 is in the operation mode 6 and the operation mode 7, the system efficiency can meet the communication requirement in the corresponding operation frequency band.

It should be understood that. The 2 modes of operation and the 2 patterns respectively corresponding to the antenna structure 300 described above are only examples. Similar to antenna structure 200, when antenna structure 300 includes N inductors 320 (N.gtoreq.1), antenna structure 300 may include 2 by switching the state of a switch 340 electrically connected to each inductor 320 ^N The mode of operation is selected so that the antenna structure 300 can obtain 2 ^N A pattern. Therefore, the state of the switch 340 can be controlled according to the actual working requirement to change the pattern of the antenna structure 300, so as to meet the communication requirement.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna structure 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 24 is a partial enlarged view of the antenna structure 400 shown in fig. 23.

As shown in fig. 23, the antenna structure 400 may include a radiator 410 and a feed network 440.

The radiator 410 is provided with an annular gap 430, the radiator 410 is divided into a first portion 411 and a second portion 412 by the annular gap 430, and the second portion 412 is located outside the first portion 411. The annular gap 430 includes a first position 431, the first position 431 is provided with an inductor 420, and two ends of the inductor 420 are respectively electrically connected with the first portion 411 and the second portion 412 at two sides of the first position 431. The first end of the feed network 440 is electrically connected to the second location 4121 of the second portion 412 and the second end of the feed network 440 is electrically connected to the third location 4122 of the second portion 412. The feeding network 440 comprises a first feeding point 4411 and a second feeding point 4412, the first feeding point 4411 and the second feeding point 4412 each being for feeding the antenna structure 400.

When the first feeding point 4411 feeds, the electric signals at the second position 4121 and the third position 4122 have the same amplitude and are different by 0 ° in phase, wherein the difference in phase can allow any value within ±45° to be shifted, which is not limited in this application. That is, when the first feeding point 4411 feeds, the electric signal at the second position 4121 and the electric signal at the third position 4122 have the same amplitude and are different by 0±45°, and in this case, the feeding manner of the antenna structure 400 at the first feeding point 4411 may be regarded as the same-direction feeding. When the second feeding point 4412 feeds, the electric signals at the second position 4121 and the third position 4122 have the same amplitude and are 180 ° out of phase, wherein the difference of the phase differences can allow any value within ±45° to be shifted, which is not limited in the present application. That is, when the second feeding point 4412 feeds, the electric signals at the second position 4121 and the third position 4122 have the same amplitude and are 180±45° different in phase, and in this case, the feeding manner of the antenna structure 400 at the second feeding point 4412 can be regarded as differential feeding.

The related descriptions of the radiator 410, the inductor 420, the annular gap 430 and the first position 431 can be referred to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, and for avoiding repetition, the description is omitted herein.

It should be understood that, in the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application, when the antenna structure 400 works, by feeding in different feeding modes (co-feeding or differential feeding), the electric field distribution in the annular slot 430 is changed, so that the antenna structure 400 becomes a directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, so as to increase the coverage area of the antenna (for example, realize 360 ° omni-directional coverage), realize stable connection, and help to meet the communication requirements and improve the user experience.

In one embodiment, the feed network 440 may include a loop branch 441, a first feed branch 442, and a second feed branch 443.

The loop-shaped branch 441 may include a first feeding point 4411 and a second feeding point 4412. The loop-shaped branch 441 may further include a first connection point 4413 and a second connection point 4414, wherein one end of the first feeding branch 442 is electrically connected to the first connection point 4413, the other end of the first feeding branch 442 is electrically connected to the second position 4121 of the second portion 412, one end of the second feeding branch 443 is electrically connected to the second connection point 4414, and the other end of the second feeding branch 443 is electrically connected to the third position 4122 of the second portion 412.

It should be appreciated that the other end of the first feed branch 442 may be considered a first end of the feed network 440 and the other end of the second feed branch 443 may be considered a second end of the feed network 440.

In one embodiment, the annular stub 441 may be a microstrip line. For example, the annular branch 441 may be a microstrip line with an impedance of 70.7Ω, and it should be understood that the form and specific data of the annular branch 441 may be adjusted according to practical design requirements, which is not limited in this application.

In one embodiment, the distance between the first feeding point 4411 and the first connection point 4413 along the loop branch 441 may be equal to the distance between the first feeding point 4411 and the second connection point 4414 along the loop branch 441, so that when the antenna structure 400 is fed at the first feeding point 4411, the electric signals at the second position 4121 and the third position 4122 have the same amplitude and are different by 0±45°, and the same direction feeding at the first feeding point 4411 is achieved. For example, the distance between the first feeding point 4411 and the first connecting point 4413 along the loop branch 441 may be equal to a quarter of the first wavelength.

In one embodiment, the distance between the second feeding point 4412 and the first connection point 4413 along the annular branch 441 is different from the distance between the second feeding point 4412 and the second connection point 4414 along the annular branch 441 by a half of the first wavelength, so that when the antenna structure 400 is fed at the second feeding point 4412, the electric signals at the second position 4121 and the third position 4122 have the same amplitude and are 180 ° ± 45 ° out of phase, thereby realizing differential feeding at the second feeding point 4412. For example, the distance between the second feeding point 4412 and the first connection point 4413 along the annular branch 441 may be equal to one-fourth of the first wavelength, and the distance between the second feeding point 4412 and the second connection point 4414 along the annular branch 441 may be equal to three-quarters of the first wavelength. It is to be understood that the specific values of the above distances are merely examples and are not limiting of the present application.

The first wavelength may be considered to be a wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 400.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 24, the other end of the first feed stub 442 may be electrically connected to the second location 4121 of the second portion 412 by a via structure 450. For example, the other end of the first feed branch 442 is electrically connected to one end of the via structure 450, and the other end of the via structure 450 is electrically connected to the second location 4121 of the second portion 412. Likewise, the other end of the second feeding branch 443 can also be electrically connected to the third location 4122 of the second portion 412 through the via structure 450.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 400 may further include a second feeding element and a third feeding element. The second feeding unit feeds the antenna structure 400 in the same direction at the first feeding point 4411. The third feed unit differentially feeds the antenna structure 400 at the second feed point 4412.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 400 may further comprise a dielectric plate, wherein the dielectric plate may be disposed between the radiator 410 and the feed network 440 to support the feed network 440. For example, the radiator 410 may be disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric plate, and the feed network 440 is disposed on a lower surface of the dielectric plate.

Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 400 shown in fig. 23 when the first feeding point 4411 is fed. Fig. 26 is a pattern of the antenna structure 400 shown in fig. 23 when fed at the first feeding point 4411.

As shown in fig. 25, when the first feeding point 4411 feeds in the same direction, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 400 is in the same direction in the toroidal magnetic current mode, and the polarization mode of the antenna structure 400 is vertical polarization. As shown in fig. 26 (a) and 26 (b), the antenna structure 400 generates a third pattern when fed in the same direction at the first feeding point 4411. Wherein the third pattern is a horizontal omni pattern.

Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 400 shown in fig. 23 when the second feeding point 4412 is fed. Fig. 28 is a pattern of the antenna structure 400 shown in fig. 23 when the second feeding point 4412 is fed.

As shown in fig. 27, when the differential feeding is performed at the second feeding point 4412, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 400 is in a mode of one-time wavelength, and the polarization mode of the antenna structure 400 is horizontal polarization. As shown in fig. 28 (a) and 28 (b), the antenna structure 400 generates a fourth pattern when differentially fed at the second feeding point 4412. Wherein the fourth and third patterns generated by the antenna structure 400 are complementary.

It should be appreciated that, the antenna structure 400 provided in the embodiment of the present application has omnidirectionality, which is favorable for the antenna structure 400 to receive electromagnetic waves in all directions, and is also favorable for the antenna structure 400 to emit electromagnetic waves to all directions, so as to improve user experience. And the feeding mode of the antenna structure 400 can be changed according to the actual working requirement, so as to obtain a third direction diagram or a fourth direction diagram, so as to meet the communication requirement.

Fig. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure 500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The embodiment shown in fig. 29 includes the respective structures of the embodiment shown in fig. 23.

Unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 23, the radiator 410 in the embodiment shown in fig. 23 is a planar structure, whereas in the antenna structure 500 shown in fig. 29, the radiator 510 is a three-dimensional structure, for example, the radiator 510 may be a columnar structure. The radiator 510 is divided by an annular slit 520 into a first portion 511 and a second portion 512, the annular slit 520 of the first end 513 of the radiator 510 being provided with a first location 521.

Unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 23, as shown in fig. 29, the antenna structure 500 further includes a metal layer 530, and the metal layer 530 is disposed at the second end 514 of the radiator 510. Wherein the metal layer 530 is electrically connected to the radiator 510.

In one embodiment, the metal layer 530 may act as a floor in an electronic device, or the metal layer 530 may be electrically connected to a floor in an electronic device, equivalently a floor.

Like the antenna structure 400 shown in fig. 23, the antenna structure 500 shown in fig. 29 may also employ a co-directional feed at the first feed point 541 and a differential feed at the second feed point 542 in the feed network 540. Through the feeding with different feeding modes (same-direction feeding or differential feeding), the electric field distribution in the annular gap is changed, so that the antenna structure 500 becomes a directional pattern reconfigurable antenna, the coverage area of the antenna is increased (for example, 360-degree omni-directional coverage is realized), stable connection is realized, the communication requirement is met, and the user experience is improved.

In one embodiment, the first portion 511 may be provided with a through hole 5111, and the first and second ends of the feed network 540 may be electrically connected to the second portion 512 through the through hole 5111, respectively.

Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of an electric field distribution of the antenna structure 500 shown in fig. 29 when the first feeding point 541 is fed. Fig. 31 is a pattern of the antenna structure 500 shown in fig. 29 when the first feeding point 541 feeds.

As shown in fig. 30, when the first feeding point 541 is fed in the same direction, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 500 is in the same-direction annular magnetic current mode, and the polarization mode of the antenna structure 500 is vertical polarization. As shown in fig. 31 (a) and 31 (b), the antenna structure 500 generates a third pattern when fed in the same direction at the first feeding point 541. Wherein the third pattern is a horizontal omni-directional pattern. And because the metal layer 530 acts as or is equivalently a floor, the third pattern is uniformly distributed in the x-axis direction, resulting in a complete third pattern.

Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution when the antenna structure 500 shown in fig. 29 is fed at the second feeding point 542. Fig. 33 is a pattern of the antenna structure 500 shown in fig. 29 when fed at the second feeding point 542.

As shown in fig. 32, when the second feeding point 542 is differentially fed, the electric field generated by the antenna structure 500 is in a mode of one-time wavelength, and the polarization of the antenna structure 500 is horizontal polarization. As shown in (a) in fig. 33 and (b) in fig. 33, when differentially fed at the second feeding point 542, the antenna structure 500 generates a fourth pattern. Wherein the fourth and third patterns generated by the antenna structure 500 are complementary.

It should be appreciated that, the antenna structure 500 provided in the embodiment of the present application has omnidirectionality, which is favorable for the antenna structure 500 to receive electromagnetic waves in all directions, and is also favorable for the antenna structure 500 to emit electromagnetic waves to all directions, so as to improve user experience. And the feeding mode of the antenna structure 500 during operation can be switched according to the actual working requirement, so as to obtain a third direction diagram or a fourth direction diagram, so as to meet the communication requirement.

Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality using different approaches for each particular application, but such implementation is not to be considered as beyond the scope of this application.

It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not repeated herein.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interface, device or unit, or may be in electrical or other form.

The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure comprising:

the radiator is provided with an annular gap, and the radiator is divided into a first part and a second part by the annular gap;

the annular gap comprises a first position, and the first position is provided with an inductor and a switch;

one end of the switch is electrically connected with the first part on one side of the first position, the other end of the switch is electrically connected with one end of the inductor, and the other end of the inductor is electrically connected with the second part on the other side of the first position.

2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein,

when the switch is in a first switch state, the antenna structure generates a first pattern;

when the switch is in a second switch state, the antenna structure generates a second pattern;

the first pattern and the second pattern are complementary.

3. An antenna structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the antenna structure comprises a plurality of the first locations.

4. An antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the antenna structure further comprises a first feed element;

One end of the first power feeding unit is electrically connected with the first part, and the other end of the first power feeding unit is electrically connected with the second part.

5. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the radiator is a columnar structure, the annular slit of the first end of the radiator being provided with the first position.

6. The antenna structure of claim 5, wherein the antenna structure further comprises a metal layer;

the metal layer is arranged at the second end of the radiator, and the metal layer is electrically connected with the radiator.

7. An antenna structure comprising:

the radiator is provided with an annular gap, the radiator is divided into a first part and a second part by the annular gap, and the second part is positioned outside the first part;

the annular gap comprises a first position, an inductor is arranged at the first position, and two ends of the inductor are respectively and electrically connected with the first part and the second part at two sides of the first position;

a feed network, a first end of the feed network being electrically connected to a second location of the second portion, a second end of the feed network being electrically connected to a third location of the second portion;

The feed network comprises a first feed point and a second feed point, and when the first feed point feeds power, the phase difference between the electric signal at the second position and the electric signal at the third position is 0+/-45 degrees;

when the second feeding point feeds, the electric signal at the second position and the electric signal at the third position are 180 degrees plus or minus 45 degrees different.

8. The antenna structure of claim 7, wherein the feed network comprises a first feed branch, a second feed branch, and a loop branch;

wherein the annular branch comprises a first connection point and a second connection point;

one end of the first power feeding branch is electrically connected with the first connecting point, and the other end of the first power feeding branch is electrically connected with the second position of the second part;

one end of the second feed branch is electrically connected with the second connection point, and the other end of the second feed branch is electrically connected with a third position of the second part;

the annular branch includes the first feed point and the second feed point.

9. The antenna structure of claim 8, wherein a distance along the annular branch between the first feed point and the first connection point is equal to a distance along the annular branch between the first feed point and the second connection point.

10. The antenna structure of claim 8, wherein a distance between the second feed point and the first connection point along the loop branch differs from a distance between the second feed point and the second connection point along the loop branch by one half of a first wavelength;

the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to a working frequency band of the antenna structure.

11. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the antenna structure further comprises a second feed element and a third feed element,

when the second feeding unit feeds at the first feeding point, the antenna structure generates a third pattern;

when the third feeding unit feeds at the second feeding point, the antenna structure generates a fourth pattern;

the third pattern is complementary to the fourth pattern.

12. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the antenna structure further comprises a dielectric plate;

the dielectric plate is arranged between the radiator and the feed network.

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the radiator is a cylindrical structure, the annular slit of the first end of the radiator being provided with the first position.

14. The antenna structure of claim 13, wherein the antenna structure further comprises a metal layer;

15. An electronic device comprising an antenna structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the electronic device is a router.