CN116261337A - Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment - Google Patents
Perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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Abstract
The application discloses perovskite battery, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and consumer relates to photovoltaic technology field. The perovskite battery comprises a perovskite composite layer, wherein the perovskite composite layer comprises a perovskite light absorption layer and a ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer which are arranged in a laminated manner; the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer is doped with ferroelectric materials, and the perovskite battery has better energy conversion efficiency and better open-circuit voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a perovskite battery, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment.
Background
Conventional photovoltaic devices rely extensively on interface technology in solids, such as semiconductor PN junctions or schottky junctions, which limits the number of photons they can utilize during photoelectric conversion and the photovoltaic voltage produced by the bandgap of the crystalline material. The theory demonstrates that the energy conversion efficiency of these devices is theoretically limited, the so-called Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. How to further consider improving the energy conversion efficiency and the open circuit voltage has been the focus of research in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the application provides a perovskite battery, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment, which can solve the technical problems of low energy conversion efficiency and low open-circuit voltage of the existing photovoltaic device.
In a first aspect, embodiments herein provide a perovskite battery comprising a perovskite composite layer comprising a perovskite light-absorbing layer and a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer arranged in a stack; wherein the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is doped with a ferroelectric material.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer which are arranged in a stacked manner are used as the perovskite composite layer, so that the bulk photovoltaic effect of the ferroelectric material can be utilized to break through the theoretical limit of the energy conversion efficiency of the traditional perovskite battery structure, the built-in electric field of the perovskite battery is improved, and the photo-generated current is improved under the condition of improving the photo-generated voltage of the battery device, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer includes: one perovskite light absorption layer and two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers, wherein the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers are respectively positioned at two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer. The ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers are arranged on the two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer, so that the extraction and transmission of carriers are improved, the transmission paths and the transmission rates of carriers on the two sides can be kept basically consistent, the current is improved, the built-in electric field is constructed by fully utilizing the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers, the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency are improved, the preparation is simple, and the industrial production is convenient.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric material doped in the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers is the same. The ferroelectric materials doped in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers are controlled to be the same, so that the symmetrically distributed ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers are constructed and formed on the two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer, and the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery are improved.
In some embodiments, the doping mass ratio of ferroelectric material in the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers is 0.75-2.75:1. The mass ratio of ferroelectric materials in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers is controlled, so that the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery are improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite materials of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers are the same.
The perovskite materials of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer are controlled to be the same, so that the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer which is symmetrically distributed is constructed and formed on the two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer, and the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery are improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (b 1) - (b 2): (b1) The thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers is 10-22:11, and the thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers is 10-20:11. The thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers is controlled, so that the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers which are symmetrically distributed are constructed and formed on the two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer, and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer includes: a perovskite light absorbing layer and a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer. The perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer are arranged in a layer-by-layer manner, so that the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved, the preparation is simple, and the industrial production is convenient.
In some embodiments, the perovskite battery includes a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, the perovskite composite layer being located between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer. Under the setting condition, the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved by utilizing the setting of the perovskite composite layer.
In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer is located between the hole transporting layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer. Under the setting condition, the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved by utilizing the setting of the perovskite composite layer.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is located between the hole transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer. Under the setting condition, the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved by utilizing the setting of the perovskite composite layer.
In some embodiments, the perovskite material of the perovskite light absorbing layer is the same as the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer. Through the arrangement, on one hand, the resistance loss at the connecting interface of the perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer can be reduced, the ion migration is promoted, the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite battery is improved, on the other hand, the lattice matching of the perovskite material of the perovskite light absorption layer and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer is realized, the problem that the stress at the connecting interface of the perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer is large and the transverse separation is generated due to the lattice mismatch is relieved, and therefore the stability of the perovskite battery is effectively improved.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is doped in an amount of no more than 50wt%. The doping amount of the ferroelectric material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is controlled within a reasonable range, so that the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery are improved.
In some embodiments, at least one of the perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is a three-dimensional perovskite. At least one setting mode of three-dimensional perovskite is utilized, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (c 1) - (c 2): (c1) The thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is below 100nm, and (c 2) the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is 50-60 nm. The ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is controlled to have reasonable thickness, which is beneficial to improving the energy conversion efficiency.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer is greater than the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer. The thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer is controlled to be larger than that of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer, so that the conductivity of the perovskite composite layer is facilitated, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer has a thickness of 400-650nm. The perovskite light absorption layer is controlled to have reasonable thickness, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric material comprises at least one of a ferroelectric polymer, an inorganic ferroelectric material, and an organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material. The ferroelectric materials of the above types can be doped in perovskite, exist independently and are matched with the perovskite, so that the conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite battery includes a transparent substrate layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite composite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode layer, which are sequentially stacked. The perovskite battery with a formal structure is formed by sequentially stacking the transparent substrate layer, the electron transport layer, the perovskite composite layer, the hole transport layer and the electrode layer, and has a simple structure and is convenient to prepare.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module comprising the perovskite cell of the above embodiment.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules in the above embodiments electrically connected.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electrical device, which includes a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic power generation systems in the foregoing embodiments.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and may be implemented according to the content of the specification in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, and in order to make the above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present application will be given.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
in the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first perovskite battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second perovskite battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third perovskite battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon:
1000-photovoltaic module;
1100-battery string; 1200-front glass; 1300-front packaging adhesive film; 1400-back packaging adhesive film; 1500-back glass;
A 100-perovskite cell;
110-a transparent substrate layer; 120-an electron transport layer; 130-perovskite composite layer; 140-a hole transport layer; 150-electrode layers;
a 131-perovskite light absorbing layer; 133-ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and thus are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the present application and in the description of the figures above are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first," "second," etc. are used merely to distinguish between different objects and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, a particular order or a primary or secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, which means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "plural sets" refers to two or more (including two), and "plural sheets" refers to two or more (including two).
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
As a green energy battery, a solar battery is widely used in view of the development of market situation. The solar battery is not only applied to a photovoltaic power generation system such as a solar power station, but also gradually applied to electric equipment such as an electric automobile. With the continuous expansion of the application field of solar cells, the market demand of the solar cells is also continuously expanding.
Perovskite solar cells have been widely studied and applied in recent years because of their advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, low power generation cost, and the like. In a perovskite solar cell, a light absorption layer is mainly composed of a perovskite material, when the perovskite layer receives sunlight irradiation, photons are firstly absorbed to generate electron-hole pairs (excitons), under the action of a p-n junction electric field, the excitons are firstly separated into electrons and holes and respectively transported to a cathode and an anode, the photo-generated holes flow to a p region, and the photo-generated electrons flow to an n region, so that a circuit is connected to form current.
However, the energy conversion efficiency of current perovskite solar cells is theoretically limited, the so-called Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit. How to further consider improving the energy conversion efficiency and the open circuit voltage has been the focus of research in the art.
The bulk photovoltaic effect exists in the ferroelectric material, namely, the photo-generated electrons and the holes are spontaneously separated under the conditions of no external field and no space non-uniformity, so that photocurrent is generated, the photovoltaic effect irrelevant to the interface technology is expected to break the SQ limit, the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic device is improved, and the photo-generated voltage exceeding the band gap of the material is obtained. However, the photo-generated current of the device is low, but the mere combination of the ferroelectric material and the perovskite material and the direct arrangement of the perovskite material as the light absorption layer can reduce the conductivity of the light absorption layer and influence the lattice arrangement of the perovskite, so that the photo-generated current of the perovskite battery is limited, and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is influenced, so that the technical problems can not be effectively solved.
Therefore, the perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer which are arranged in a laminated mode are adopted to form the perovskite composite layer, the perovskite composite layer is used as the light absorption layer, on one hand, the arrangement mode that the ferroelectric material is doped in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer is utilized to improve open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency, on the other hand, the perovskite light absorption layer is utilized to prevent perovskite lattice arrangement in the perovskite light absorption layer from being influenced, the conductivity of the perovskite composite layer is improved, the photogenerated current of the perovskite battery is improved, and the perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer are utilized to comprehensively act, so that the open circuit voltage is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the energy conversion efficiency is effectively improved.
Hereinafter, the technical scheme of the present application will be exemplarily described with reference to examples.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, and 3, according to some embodiments of the present application, perovskite battery 100 includes perovskite composite layer 130, perovskite composite layer 130 including perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 in a stacked arrangement; the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is doped with a ferroelectric material.
The ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 refers to a film layer formed by mixing a perovskite material and a ferroelectric material.
The perovskite light absorbing layer 131 refers to a film layer thereof made of a perovskite material.
The perovskite solar cell 100 is a perovskite solar cell and generally includes functional layers such as a transparent base layer 110, a hole transport layer 140, a perovskite light absorbing layer, an electron transport layer 120, and an electrode layer 150, wherein a perovskite composite layer 130 is used as the perovskite light absorbing layer and is located between the transparent base layer 110 and the electrode layer 150.
The perovskite light absorption layer 131 and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 which are arranged in a stacked manner are used as the perovskite composite layer 130, so that not only the theoretical limit of the energy conversion efficiency of the structure of the traditional perovskite battery 100 can be broken through by utilizing the bulk photovoltaic effect of ferroelectric materials, but also the built-in electric field of the perovskite battery 100 can be improved, and the photo-generated current can be improved under the condition of improving the photo-generated voltage of a battery device, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100 can be improved.
The transparent base layer 110 is of a type such as, but not limited to, FTO (fluorine doped SnO 2 Transparent conductive glass), ITO (indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), IZO (indium zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), and the like.
The electron transport layer 120 employs an electron transport material such as, but not limited to, at least one of imide-based compounds, quinone-based compounds, fullerenes and derivatives thereof, metal oxides, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride, wherein a metal element in the metal oxide employed for the electron transport material includes at least one of Mg, cd, zn, in, pb, W, sb, bi, hg, ti, ag, mn, fe, V, sn, zr, sr, ga and Cr.
The thickness of the electron transport layer 120 is, for example, 5-200nm, optionally 30-60nm.
Hole transport materials such as, but not limited to, 2', 7' -tetrakis (N, N-p-methoxyanilino) -9,9' -spirobifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amine ], poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene sulfonic acid, poly 3-hexylthiophene, triptycene-nucleated triphenylamine, 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N- (4-phenylamine) carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate single molecules, carbazolyl single molecules, sulfonate single molecules, triphenylamine single molecules, aryl single molecules, metal oxides, and cuprous thiocyanate are used for the hole transport layer 140, wherein the metal element in the metal oxide selected in the hole transport material includes at least one of Ni, mo, and Cu.
The thickness of the hole transport layer 140 is, for example, 5 to 500nm, alternatively 100 to 200 nm.
The electrode layer 150 is made of an organic, inorganic or a mixture of organic and inorganic conductive materials, and the conductive material is at least one of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material, wherein the organic conductive material is a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer includes but is not limited to at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), polythiophene and polyacetylene; the inorganic conductive material is, for example but not limited to, at least one of transparent conductive oxide, metal, carbon derivative, and specifically, ag, cu, C, au, al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO and the like.
It will be appreciated that the perovskite composite layer 130 includes a perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133 in a stacked arrangement; wherein the number of layers of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 is equal to or greater than 1 and the number of layers of the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer 133 is equal to or greater than 1.
The number of layers of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and the number of layers of the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer 133 may be the same or different, and when the number of layers of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 is different, the number of layers of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 may be greater than the number of layers of the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer 133 or may be smaller than the number of layers of the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer 133.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer 130 includes: one perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133, the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 being located on both sides of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131, respectively.
That is, the perovskite composite layer 130 has a sandwich structure of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133-the perovskite light absorbing layer 131-the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133.
The ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is arranged on two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer 131, so that the extraction and transmission of carriers are improved, the transmission paths and the transmission rates of carriers on two sides can be basically kept consistent, the current is improved, the built-in electric field is constructed by fully utilizing the two layers of ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133, the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency are improved, the preparation is simple, and the industrial production is facilitated.
It will be appreciated that the ferroelectric material doped in the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers 133 may be the same or different.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric material doped in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 is the same.
By controlling the ferroelectric materials doped in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 to be the same, it is advantageous to construct symmetrically distributed ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 on both sides of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131, and to improve the open circuit voltage and energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
In some embodiments, the doping mass ratio of ferroelectric material in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is 0.75-2.75:1.
By controlling the doping mass ratio of the ferroelectric material in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133, it is advantageous to improve the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
Illustratively, the doping mass ratio of ferroelectric material in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 is 0.75:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, 1.1:1, 1.2:1, 1.5: 1. any value or between any two values of 1.75:1, 2:1, 2.25:1, 2.5:1, 2.75:1.
It will be appreciated that the perovskite materials of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers 133 may be the same or different.
In some embodiments, the perovskite material of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers 133 is the same.
By controlling the perovskite materials of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 to be the same, it is advantageous to construct the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131, and to improve the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
In some embodiments, perovskite composite layer 130 satisfies any one of the following conditions (b 1) - (b 2): (b1) The thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers 133 is 10-22:11; (b2) The thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers 133 is 10-20:11.
It is understood that the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 refers to the dimension of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 in the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100, and the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100 also refers to the direction in which the functional layers are stacked one on another.
By controlling the thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133, it is advantageous to construct the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131, and to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
Illustratively, the thickness ratio of ferroelectric material in the two ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers 133 is any value or between any two values of 10:11, 11:11, 13:11, 15:11, 17:11, 20:11, 22:11.
Optionally, the thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers 133 is 1:1.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the perovskite composite layer 130 includes: a perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133.
By using the stacked arrangement of the perovskite light absorption layer 131 and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133, the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100 can be improved, and the perovskite light absorption layer is simple to prepare and convenient for industrial production.
When the perovskite composite layer 130 is composed of one perovskite light absorption layer 131 and one ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133, the positional relationship with the hole transport layer 140 includes:
in some embodiments, perovskite light absorbing layer 131 is located between hole transporting layer 140 and ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133.
In some embodiments, ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is located between hole transport layer 140 and perovskite light absorbing layer 131.
Under the two setting conditions, no matter the perovskite light absorption layer 131 is close to the hole transmission layer 140 or the electron transmission layer 120, the setting of the perovskite composite layer 130 can be utilized to improve the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100, so as to meet the design requirements of different perovskite batteries 100.
It is understood that the perovskite material of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 may be the same or different.
In some embodiments, the perovskite material of perovskite light absorbing layer 131 is the same as the perovskite material in ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133.
Through the arrangement, on one hand, the resistance loss at the connecting interface of the perovskite light absorption layer 131 and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 can be reduced, the ion migration is promoted, the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite battery 100 is improved, on the other hand, the perovskite material of the perovskite light absorption layer 131 and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 are matched in a lattice manner, the problem that the stress at the connecting interface of the perovskite light absorption layer 131 and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is large and lateral separation is generated due to lattice mismatch is relieved, and therefore the stability of the perovskite battery 100 is effectively improved.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is doped with a ferroelectric material in an amount of not more than 50wt%.
By controlling the doping amount of the ferroelectric material to be kept within a reasonable range, it is advantageous to improve the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
The perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133 may be a zero-dimensional perovskite, a one-dimensional perovskite, or a three-dimensional perovskite, respectively. And the dimensions of the perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 may be the same as or different from the dimensions of the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133.
In some embodiments, at least one of the perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is a three-dimensional perovskite.
The perovskite material of at least one of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer 133 is controlled to be a three-dimensional perovskite, which is advantageous in improving energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery 100.
Alternatively, the perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 are each three-dimensional perovskite.
Wherein the three-dimensional perovskite is ABX 3 Which is a kind ofWherein A is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, B is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, and X is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed anion.
Wherein A is inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, which means that A is at least one of inorganic cation and organic cation.
As an example, A is selected from CH 3 NH 3 + (abbreviated as MA) + ）、CH(NH 2 ) 2+ (abbreviated as FA + ）、Li + 、Na + 、K + 、Rb + And Cs + At least one of (a) and (b); alternatively, A is selected from CH 3 NH 3 + 、CH(NH 2 ) 2+ And Cs + At least one of them. As an example, B is selected from Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ And Ni 2+ At least one of (a) and (b); alternatively, B is selected from Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ One or two of them. By way of example, X is selected from F - 、Cl - 、Br - And I - At least one of (a) and (b); alternatively, X is selected from Cl - 、Br - And I - At least one of them.
Alternatively, the perovskite material includes, but is not limited to, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (abbreviated MAPbI) 3 ）、CH(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 (abbreviated FAPbI) 3 ）、Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 (abbreviated as CsFAMA), csPbI 3 、CsPbI 2 Br、CsPbIBr 2 At least one of them.
In some embodiments, ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 satisfies any one of the following conditions (c 1) - (c 2): (c1) The thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is 100nm or less; (c 2) the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 has a thickness of 50 to 60 a nm a.
The thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 being 100nm or less means that the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is 100nm or less. The thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 refers to the dimension of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 in the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100, and the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100 also refers to the direction in which the functional layers are stacked in order.
By controlling the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 to have a reasonable thickness, it is advantageous to improve energy conversion efficiency.
Illustratively, the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 has a thickness of any one of or between any two of 5nm, 10nm, 30nm, 50nm, 53nm, 55nm, 57nm, 60 nm, 80nm, 100 nm.
In some embodiments, the thickness of perovskite light absorbing layer 131 is greater than the thickness of ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133.
The thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 refers to the dimension of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 in the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100, and the thickness direction of the perovskite battery 100 also refers to the direction in which the functional layers are stacked in order.
By controlling the thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 to be greater than the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133, the conductivity of the perovskite composite layer 130 is facilitated and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 has a thickness of 400-650nm.
By controlling the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 to have a reasonable thickness, it is advantageous to improve energy conversion efficiency.
Illustratively, the thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 131 is any one of 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm or between any two values.
In some embodiments, the ferroelectric material comprises at least one of a ferroelectric polymer, an inorganic ferroelectric material, and an organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material.
Each of the above-described types of ferroelectric materials can be doped in and interworks with perovskite to improve the conversion efficiency of perovskite battery 100.
Optionally, the ferroelectric polymer comprises at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene), polytetrafluoroethylene, nylon having an odd number of carbon atoms, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyvinylidenediocyanide, polyurea, polyphenyl cyanoether, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polypropylene, and derivatives of each component.
Optionally, the organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material comprises (C 6 H 11 NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 4 。
Optionally, the composition of the inorganic ferroelectric material comprises CuInP 2 S 6 、CaTiO 3 、BaTiO 3 、PbZrO 3 、PbTiO 3 、PbZrO 3 、ZnTiO 3 、BaZrO 3 、BiFeO 3 、Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 、Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 、(Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 、(K 1/ 2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 、LiNbO 3 、KNbO 3 、KTaO 3 、KH 2 PO 4 、LiNiO 2 、KNiO 2 、Pb(Zr 1-x Ti x )O 3 、(La y Pb 1-y ) (Zr 1- x Ti x )O 3 、 (1-x) [Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ]-x[PbTiO 3 ]、Pb(Sr x Ta 1-x )O 3 、Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 And at least one of the derivatives of each component, wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
Alternatively, when the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is spin-coated with a slurry, the Dv90 particle size of the ferroelectric material is 1nm to 100 μm when the ferroelectric material is present in the slurry in the form of particles.
Dv90 particle size refers to the particle size distribution parameter of the inorganic ferroelectric material determined from the particle size distribution measurement, for example Dv90 is determined using a particle size analyzer-laser diffraction method, and specifically, can be measured using a laser diffraction scattering particle size analyzer with reference to standard GB/T19077-2016.
The adverse effect of the inorganic ferroelectric material on the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133 is reduced by controlling the particle size of the ferroelectric material to facilitate the distribution of the ferroelectric material in the interstices of the grains of the perovskite.
The perovskite battery 100 may have a formal structure or a trans-structure as shown in fig. 1 to 3, and when the perovskite battery 100 has a trans-structure, the perovskite battery 100 includes a transparent base layer 110, a hole transport layer 140, a perovskite composite layer 130, an electron transport layer 120, and an electrode layer 150, which are stacked in this order.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in some embodiments, the perovskite battery 100 includes a transparent substrate layer 110, an electron transport layer 120, a perovskite composite layer 130, a hole transport layer 140, and an electrode layer 150, which are sequentially stacked.
The perovskite battery 100 of a formal structure is formed by sequentially stacking the transparent substrate layer 110, the electron transport layer 120, the perovskite composite layer 130, the hole transport layer 140 and the electrode layer 150, and has a simple structure and is convenient to manufacture.
Based on the above-described embodiments, the manufacturing process of the perovskite battery 100 of the formal structure exemplarily includes: step 1: etching and cleaning the transparent substrate layer 110, and drying for later use; step 2: preparing an electron transport layer 120 on the front surface of the transparent substrate layer 110 for use; step 3: preparing a perovskite composite layer 130 on the front surface of the electron transport layer 120 for later use; step 4: preparing a hole transport layer 140 on the front surface of the perovskite composite layer 130 for later use; step 5: preparing an electrode layer 150 on the front surface of the hole transport layer 140, step 6: the perovskite battery 100 prepared by step 5 is applied with a constant current voltage source to a forward ferroelectric polarization directed from the electrode layer 150 to the transparent conductive substrate and perpendicular to the surface of the perovskite battery 100, wherein the applied electric field > the ferroelectric coercive field of the ferroelectric material.
It is understood that the preparation methods of the above layers include, but are not limited to, any one of chemical bath deposition method, electrochemical deposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, physical epitaxial growth method, thermal vapor co-evaporation method, atomic layer deposition method, magnetron sputtering method, precursor liquid coating method, precursor liquid slit coating method, precursor liquid knife coating method, etc., and those skilled in the art can select according to actual requirements, and besides the above arrangement methods, a mechanical lamination method may also be used to form at least two functional layers connected to each other at a time.
Alternatively, the preparation method of each layer is a thermal evaporation method or a precursor liquid coating method, wherein the precursor liquid coating method can be a spin coating method.
In the process of preparing the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133, if a precursor solution coating method is used, a ferroelectric material and a perovskite material are dispersed in a perovskite coating solution used for the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133.
The above perovskite battery 100 is prepared by a combination of a precursor solution coating method and vacuum evaporation, which comprises spin-coating an electron transport layer paste on the front surface of the transparent substrate layer 110 after cleaning at a rotation speed of 4000rpm to 6500 rpm, then drying at a constant temperature of, for example, 100 to 200 ℃ on a hot stage to obtain an electron transport layer 120, then preparing a perovskite composite layer 130 on the surface of the electron transport layer 120, spin-coating a hole transport layer paste on the front surface of the perovskite composite layer 130 at a rotation speed of 3000rpm to 4000rpm, drying to obtain a transparent substrate layer having a hole transport layer 140, and then drying at 5×10 in a vacuum coater -4 An electrode layer 150 is deposited on the front surface of the hole transport layer 140 under vacuum conditions Pa.
In the step of preparing the perovskite composite layer 130, the paste is spin-coated at 5000rpm to 6000 rpm and dried to obtain the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133, and the paste is spin-coated at a speed of 3000rpm to 4500 rpm and dried to obtain the perovskite light absorbing layer 131.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in some exemplary embodiments of the present application, a perovskite battery 100 includes a transparent base layer 110, an electron transport layer 120, a perovskite composite layer 130, a hole transport layer 140, and an electrode layer 150, which are sequentially stacked, wherein the perovskite composite layer 130 includes a perovskite light absorbing layer 131 and a ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer 133, which are stacked; the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133 is doped with a ferroelectric material, and the perovskite material of the perovskite light absorption layer 131 is the same as the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133, and the doping amount of the ferroelectric material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133 is not more than 50wt%.
Referring to fig. 4, in accordance with some embodiments of the present application, there is also provided a photovoltaic module 1000 comprising the perovskite cell 100 provided in any one of the above aspects.
The photovoltaic module 1000 refers to a solar cell module, i.e. an integral module comprising a plurality of perovskite cells 100. Wherein, a plurality of battery strings 1100 are included, each battery string 1100 includes a plurality of perovskite batteries 100 connected in series by a connector such as a solder strip.
The photovoltaic module 1000 includes, in addition to the cell string 1100, a front glass 1200, a front packaging film 1300, a back packaging film 1400, a back glass 1500, and the like, and the photovoltaic module 1000 includes, as an example, the front glass 1200, the front packaging film 1300, the cell string 1100, the back packaging film 1400, and the back glass 1500, which are sequentially stacked in the thickness direction.
According to some embodiments of the present application, there is also provided a photovoltaic power generation system including a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic modules.
A number refers to the number of two or more integers.
The photovoltaic power generation System is a power generation System for directly converting solar radiation energy into electric energy by utilizing photovoltaic effect and is divided into an independent photovoltaic power generation System (Stand-alone PV System) and a Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation System (Grid-connected PV System), wherein the independent photovoltaic power generation System consists of a solar photovoltaic array formed by photovoltaic modules, a storage battery pack, a charging controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), a load and the like, and the Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation System consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC/DC boosting circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter) and a System monitoring part.
According to some embodiments of the present application, there is also provided an electrical device, including the photovoltaic power generation system provided by the above scheme, and the photovoltaic power generation system is used for providing electrical energy for the electrical device.
The electric equipment can be in various forms, such as electric automobiles, ships, spacecrafts, solar water heaters, solar energy and the like.
The power supply mode of the electric equipment can be single power supply of the photovoltaic module, or the power supply mode can be matched with the power supply of the photovoltaic module and the energy storage battery, namely, the electric equipment is provided with the photovoltaic module and the energy storage battery at the same time. The energy storage battery is not limited to primary and secondary batteries, such as, but not limited to, lithium ion secondary batteries, sodium ion secondary batteries, and the like.
The following examples are set forth to better illustrate the present application.
Example 1
The perovskite battery 100 as shown in fig. 1, the manufacturing method thereof includes:
1) The surface of FTO conductive glass with specification of 2.0 cm ×2.0 cm was washed with acetone and isopropyl alcohol in this order for 2 times, immersed in deionized water, sonicated for 10 min, dried in a forced air drying oven, and then placed in a glove box (N 2 Atmosphere), as the transparent base layer 110.
2) Preparation of electron transport layer 120: spin coating 3wt.% SnO on FTO layer at 4000rpm-6500 rpm 2 The nano-colloid solution was then heated at 150 c for 15min on a constant temperature hot stage to obtain the electron transport layer 120 having a thickness of 50 a nm a.
3) Preparing a perovskite composite layer 130 comprising:
spin-coating 5. 5 mg/mL CuInP on the resulting electron transport layer 120 at a speed of 5000rpm-6000 rpm 2 S 6 Nano colloid and 0.8 mol/L FAPbI 3 After that, the mixture was transferred to a constant temperature heat stage, heated at 100℃for 10 minutes, and cooled to room temperature, to obtain a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133 having a layer thickness of 55nm as a first ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer.
Spin-coating 1.5mol/L FAPbI on the resulting first ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer at a speed of 3000rpm to 4500 rpm 3 After that, the mixture was transferred to a constant temperature heat stage, heated at 100℃for 30 minutes, and cooled to room temperature, thereby forming a perovskite light absorbing layer 131 having a thickness of 500. 500 nm.
Spin-coating 5. 5 mg/mL BiFeO on the resulting perovskite light absorbing layer 131 at a speed of 5000rpm-6000 rpm 3 Nano colloid and 0.8 mol/L FAPbI 3 After that, the mixture was transferred to a constant temperature heat stage, heated at 100℃for 10 minutes, and cooled to room temperature, to obtain a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer 133 having a layer thickness of 55nm as a second ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer.
4) Hole transport layer 140 was prepared: a solution of Spiro-OMeTAD in chlorobenzene having a concentration of 73 mg/mL was spin-coated onto the second ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer at a speed of 3000rpm-4000 rpm and dried to obtain a hole transport layer 140 having a thickness of 150 nm.
5) Preparation of electrode layer 150: placing the sample prepared in the step 4) into a vacuum coating machine, and placing the sample into a vacuum coating machine at a temperature of 5 multiplied by 10 -4 Under the vacuum condition of Pa, an Ag electrode is evaporated on the surface of the hole transport layer 140 at an evaporation rate of 0.1 angstrom/s, and the thickness of the Ag electrode layer is 80 nm.
6) Electric field polarization: and at the temperature of 80-150 ℃, applying an external electric field to the sample prepared in the step 5), wherein the electric field strength E is less than or equal to 20 kV/mm, the electric field direction is perpendicular to the plane of the sample substrate, and the electron transport layer 120 points to the hole transport layer 140.
Examples 2-19 and comparative examples 1-2
The differences between examples 2-19 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in tables 1 and 2, wherein the structures of examples 2-16 are shown in FIG. 1, the structures of example 17 are shown in FIG. 2, and the structures of examples 18-19 are shown in FIG. 3.
The perovskite batteries prepared in examples 1 to 19 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured for energy conversion efficiency under the following test conditions:
under the atmospheric environment, the solar simulation light source uses an AM1.5G standard light source, and a four-channel digital source meter (Keithley 2440) is used for measuring the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the battery under the irradiation of the light source to obtain the open-circuit voltage Voc, the short-circuit current density Jsc and the filling factor FF (Fill Factor) of the perovskite battery, so that the energy conversion efficiency Eff (Efficiency) of the battery is calculated.
The energy conversion efficiency is calculated as follows: eff=pout/Popt
= Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp)/(Voc×Jsc)
The values of Pout, popt, vmpp, jmpp are the battery operating output power, the incident light power, the battery maximum power point voltage and the maximum power point current, respectively.
The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 1 parameters for distinction
Table 2 parameters of distinction
Table 3 test results
According to tables 1 to 3, it can be seen that the perovskite battery provided by the application has better energy conversion efficiency and better open circuit voltage.
According to examples 1 to 16 and comparative examples 1 to 2, it can be seen that in comparative example 1, only the perovskite light absorption layer was provided, the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer was not provided, the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery prepared therefrom were both low, and in comparative example 2, doping of the ferroelectric material was performed in comparison with comparative example 1, and although the open circuit voltage of the perovskite battery was improved, the energy conversion efficiency thereof was significantly reduced, whereas in the present application, the energy conversion efficiency was significantly improved on the basis of improving the open circuit voltage by using the perovskite light absorption layer and the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer which were arranged in a stacked manner.
According to embodiments 1-3, it can be seen that when the perovskite composite layer has a sandwich structure of a ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and a ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer, the selection and the identity of the ferroelectric materials doped in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers on both sides affect the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery, and when the ferroelectric materials doped in the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers on both sides are identical, the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is further improved.
According to example 1 and examples 4 to 5, it is known whether the perovskite material of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer are the same, which affects the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery, and is advantageous to further improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery when the perovskite material of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer are the same.
According to examples 1, 6-9, it is known that the doping amount of the ferroelectric material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer affects the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell, and when the doping amount thereof is less than or equal to 50wt%, the open circuit voltage of the perovskite cell increases with an increase in the doping amount of the ferroelectric material, and when the doping amount thereof is 55 wt%, the open circuit voltage is the same as that when the doping amount thereof is 50wt%, but the energy conversion efficiency decreases, and therefore, alternatively, the doping amount of the ferroelectric material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer does not exceed 50wt%.
From examples 1, 10-14, it is clear that the difference in thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation on both sides will affect the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell. When the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers is obviously increased, the ferroelectric materials contained in the perovskite composite layer are increased, the open-circuit voltage of the perovskite battery is increased along with the increase of the thickness, but the increase of the thickness influences the energy conversion efficiency, when the thicknesses of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers on two sides are close, the energy conversion efficiency is effectively improved, when the thickness difference of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers on two sides is larger, the energy conversion efficiency is influenced, alternatively, the energy conversion efficiency is better when the thickness ratio of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers on two layers is 10-22:11, and the energy conversion efficiency is better when the thickness ratio is 10-20:11.
According to examples 1, 15-16, the thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer affects the energy conversion efficiency, and the perovskite light-absorbing layer has better energy conversion efficiency at a thickness of 400-650 nm.
The perovskite composite layers of examples 17 to 19 are each composed of one perovskite light absorbing layer and one ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer, the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer are laminated, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer of example 17 is connected with the electron transporting layer, and the perovskite light absorbing layer of examples 18 to 19 is connected with the hole transporting layer, compared with comparative example 1, it can be seen that in either arrangement, the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery can be improved, and the adjustment of the position affects the open circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency, and compared with comparative example 2, the ferroelectric material content is reduced due to the significant reduction of the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite inserting layer, resulting in the reduction of the open circuit voltage, but the energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the embodiments, and are intended to be included within the scope of the claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (21)
1. A perovskite battery comprising a perovskite composite layer, wherein the perovskite composite layer comprises a perovskite light absorption layer and a ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer which are arranged in a stacked manner;
wherein the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer is doped with a ferroelectric material.
2. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the perovskite composite layer comprises: one layer of the perovskite light absorption layer and two layers of the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layers are respectively positioned at two sides of the perovskite light absorption layer.
3. The perovskite battery of claim 2, wherein the ferroelectric material doped in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers of both layers is the same.
4. The perovskite battery of claim 2, wherein the doping mass ratio of ferroelectric material in the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers is 0.75-2.75:1.
5. The perovskite battery of claim 2, wherein the perovskite materials of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers are the same.
6. The perovskite battery of claim 2, wherein the perovskite composite layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (b 1) - (b 2):
(b1) The thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers is 10-22:11;
(b2) The thickness ratio of the two ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers is 10-20:11.
7. The perovskite battery of claim 1, wherein the perovskite composite layer comprises: one of the perovskite light absorbing layers and one of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layers.
8. The perovskite battery of claim 7, wherein the perovskite battery comprises a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, the perovskite composite layer being located between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer.
9. The perovskite battery of claim 8, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer is located between the hole transport layer and the ferroelectric perovskite insertion layer.
10. The perovskite battery of claim 8, wherein the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is located between the hole transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer.
11. A perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the perovskite material of the perovskite light absorbing layer is the same as the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer.
12. A perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the doping level of ferroelectric material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is not more than 50wt%.
13. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-10, wherein at least one of the perovskite material in the perovskite light absorbing layer and the perovskite material in the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer is a three-dimensional perovskite.
14. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer satisfies any one of the following conditions (c 1) to (c 2):
(c1) The ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer has a thickness of 100nm or less;
(c2) The ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer has a thickness of 50-60 a nm a.
15. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is greater than the thickness of the ferroelectric perovskite intercalation layer.
16. A perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer has a thickness of 400 to 650nm.
17. The perovskite battery of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the ferroelectric material comprises at least one of a ferroelectric polymer, an inorganic ferroelectric material, and an organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material.
18. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the perovskite battery comprises a transparent base layer, an electron transport layer, the perovskite composite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode layer, which are stacked in this order.
19. A photovoltaic module comprising a perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 18.
20. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic modules according to claim 19.
21. An electrical consumer comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic power generation systems according to claim 20.
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| GB0229427D0 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2003-01-22 | Qinetiq Ltd | Annealing method and device |
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