CN116259876B - Method for recycling graphite material of lithium battery cathode - Google Patents

Method for recycling graphite material of lithium battery cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116259876B
CN116259876B CN202310178279.1A CN202310178279A CN116259876B CN 116259876 B CN116259876 B CN 116259876B CN 202310178279 A CN202310178279 A CN 202310178279A CN 116259876 B CN116259876 B CN 116259876B
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
cutter
graphite material
lithium battery
sharp
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CN202310178279.1A
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CN116259876A (en
Inventor
乔青
王利华
李荐
赵小勇
秦笃峰
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Tianjin Saidmei New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Tianjin Saidmei New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/10Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged above container
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a recovery method of a lithium battery negative electrode graphite material, which comprises the following steps: carrying out heat treatment on the negative plate under inert atmosphere; placing the heat-treated negative electrode sheet into a pulverizer for pulverizing, wherein the pulverizer comprises a cutter, and the section of the cutter is approximately elliptical; sieving the crushed materials. According to the method for recycling the lithium battery negative electrode graphite material, disclosed by the invention, the negative electrode graphite material is recycled by using a cutter with a specific structure and combining the optimal crushing rotating speed frequency and the optimal crushing time by using a physical mechanical method, and compared with the traditional method for crushing by using a sharp cutter, the method for recycling the lithium battery negative electrode graphite material has the advantages that the Cu content in the obtained negative electrode material is lower and far lower than the specification of an industry standard, the recycling quality is improved, and the method has a good application prospect.

Description

Method for recycling graphite material of lithium battery cathode
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium battery recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering a lithium battery negative electrode graphite material.
Background
The existing lithium battery negative electrode graphite material recovery process in the industry at present is to directly put a recovered negative electrode plate into a pulverizer for pulverization, and the obtained recovered powder has higher Cu simple substance content and does not meet the standard (T/XYXCLM 0002-2022) of 'the Cu content of the recovered graphite is less than 1000 ppm' in the recovery industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a recovery method of a lithium battery negative electrode graphite material, so as to reduce the content of Cu simple substance in the recovered powder and improve the quality of the recovered powder.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for recycling graphite materials of a lithium battery cathode comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out heat treatment on a negative plate in an inert atmosphere to disable CMC (CMC) as an auxiliary binder in the negative plate, and enabling a main chain of SBR as a main binder to start to shrink so as to change;
s2, placing the heat-treated negative electrode plate into a pulverizer for pulverizing, wherein the pulverizer comprises a cutter, the cross section of the cutter is approximately elliptical, namely the contact surface of the cutter and the negative electrode plate is an obtuse angle, and the cutter is not a sharp cutter with an acute contact surface in the prior art;
and S3, sieving the crushed materials, wherein the sieved materials are the recovered lithium battery negative electrode graphite material.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: cutting the negative plate before heat treatment; preferably, the negative electrode sheet is cut into 3cm x 3cm pieces.
Further, the heat treatment temperature is more than or equal to 180 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 0.5h-2h; preferably, the inert atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere.
Further, the frequency of the pulverizer is 30-50Hz; preferably, the pulverizing time is 1min-18min.
Further, the Cu content of the undersize material in the step S3 is less than or equal to 650ppm.
Compared with the prior art, the recovery method of the lithium battery negative electrode graphite material has the following advantages:
according to the method for recycling the lithium battery negative electrode graphite material, disclosed by the invention, the negative electrode graphite material is recycled by using a cutter with a specific structure and combining the optimal crushing rotating speed frequency and the optimal crushing time by using a physical mechanical method, and compared with the traditional method for crushing by using a sharp cutter, the obtained negative electrode material has lower Cu content and far lower than the specification of an industry standard, the recycling quality is improved, the recycling efficiency is improved, and the method has a good application prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the influence of heat treatment temperature and rotational speed frequency on Cu content in undersize products according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing Cu content results at different speeds and different times according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The application is mainly researched from four aspects of pretreatment temperature, rotation frequency of a pulverizer, pulverizing time, acute angle of a pulverizing cutter and obtuse angle, and an optimal mechanical pulverizing recovery method is determined.
Example 1 sharp knife
The recovery method of the lithium battery cathode graphite material of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step S1, taking 150g of negative plate, cutting the negative plate into fragments of 3cm x 3cm, and carrying out heat treatment on the fragments of the negative plate in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 230 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 1h;
s2, placing the heat-treated negative electrode plate into a pulverizer for pulverizing, wherein the cutter used in the embodiment is a sharp cutter, namely the contact surface of the cutter and the negative electrode plate is an acute angle, the frequency of the pulverizer is 10Hz, and the pulverizing time is 30min;
and step S3, sieving the crushed material with a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the undersize material is the recovered lithium battery negative electrode graphite material.
Example 2 sharp knife
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the frequency of the pulverizer in this example was 15Hz, and otherwise the same as in example 1.
Example 3 sharp knife
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the frequency of the shredder in this example is 20Hz, otherwise the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 1.
Example 4 sharp blade
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the frequency of the shredder in this example is 25Hz, otherwise the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 1.
Example 5 sharp blade
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the frequency of the shredder in this example is 30Hz, otherwise the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 1.
Example 6 sharp blade
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the frequency of the shredder in this example is 40Hz, otherwise the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 1.
Example 7 sharp blade
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the frequency of the shredder in this example is 50Hz, otherwise the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 1 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example is 180℃and the other is the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 2 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example is 180℃and the other is the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 2.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 3 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example is 180℃and the other is the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 3.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 4 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example is 180℃and the other is the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 4.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 5 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example was 180℃and the other was the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 5.
Comparative example 6
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 6 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example was 180℃and the other was the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 6.
Comparative example 7
The difference from the sharp-edged cutter example 7 is that the heat treatment temperature in this comparative example was 180℃and the other was the same as in the sharp-edged cutter example 7.
Comparative example 8
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 1 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 1.
Comparative example 9
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 2 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 2.
Comparative example 10
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 3 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 3.
Comparative example 11
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 4 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 4.
Comparative example 12
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 5 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 5.
Comparative example 13
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 6 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 6.
Comparative example 14
The difference from the sharp-edge cutter example 7 is that the negative electrode sheet in this comparative example was not heat treated, and the other is the same as the sharp-edge cutter example 7.
The Cu content of undersize was measured for sharp cutters examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-14, respectively, and the results are shown in FIG. 1, and the conclusion is that: (1) according to the Cu content curve results, the Cu content results of the pre-treated and sintered negative electrode plate at 230 ℃ are lower than those of the unsintered negative electrode plate and the sintered negative electrode plate at 180 ℃ after crushing and sieving, and the auxiliary binder CMC in the negative electrode plate can be disabled after the pre-treated and sintered positive electrode plate is proved to be subjected to pre-treatment sintering, the main binder SBR main chain starts to shrink to enable the main binder CMC main chain to change, the technical effect can be obtained after sintering when the temperature is higher than 180 ℃, and the recovery rate of the negative electrode material is not influenced; (2) from the evaluation results, the Cu content is reduced in the rotation speed of 10 Hz-50 Hz in the range of 30 Hz-50 Hz compared with the rotation speed of 10 Hz-25 Hz, but the total Cu content still does not meet the standard of less than 1000ppm in the recovered graphite standard, but it can be concluded that the pretreatment temperature and the high-frequency rotation are helpful for reducing the Cu content in mechanical crushing.
Based on the conclusions in the results of sharp-tipped cutters examples 1-7, comparative examples 1-14, 230 ℃ heat treatment selected 10Hz, 25Hz, 30Hz, 50Hz for different time periods of crushing and replacement of obtuse-angled cutters.
Obtuse angle cutter embodiment
The recovery method of the lithium battery cathode graphite material of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
cutting 150g of negative plate into 3cm pieces, and performing heat treatment on the pieces of the negative plate in nitrogen atmosphere at 230 ℃ for 1h;
the negative electrode plate after heat treatment is put into a pulverizer for pulverization, the cross section of a cutter of the pulverizer is approximately elliptical, namely the contact surface of the cutter and the negative electrode plate is obtuse, the pulverized material is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, the sieved material is the recovered negative electrode graphite material of the lithium battery, different pulverizing frequencies are set, when the frequency of the pulverizer is respectively 10Hz, 20Hz, 30Hz and 50Hz, the pulverizing condition is observed every 10s, and the graphite peeling degree on the cu foil is determined to determine the optimal pulverizing time. The result of the copper content corresponding to the crushing time is shown in figure 2, wherein the crushing time of 30 Hz-50 Hz meets the recovery standard, the recovery rate of the negative electrode graphite material is more than 99% and the Cu content is less than 1000ppm when the crushing time of 30Hz is 12min-18min, the optimal time is 15min, the minimum Cu content is 0.097%, the recovery rate of the negative electrode graphite material is more than 99% and the Cu content is less than 1000ppm when the crushing time of 50Hz is 1min-5min, the optimal time is 3.5min, the minimum Cu content is 0.065%, and the recovery rate of the negative electrode graphite material is 99.5%.
Conclusion: (1) as can be seen from fig. 2, 50Hz crushed undersize copper content is the lowest, the oversize observed actives separate more cleanly on the copper foil, and the time required is the shortest; (2) crushing for 15min at 30Hz in the crushing process, wherein the crushing and separation have a certain effect, but the crushing time is longer, and the amount of copper particles generated by mechanical crushing is more than that of 50Hz in the active material; (3) when crushing is carried out at a frequency of 15Hz, 3cm pole pieces are crushed into small pieces from large pieces along with the increase of crushing time, then the small pieces are crushed into secondary small pieces, so that the time required for crushing is long finally, the foil pieces are crushed into smaller pieces along with the clean separation of graphite on the copper foil, and Cu is crushed into a negative electrode active material, so that the Cu content is higher.

Claims (4)

1. The method for recycling the graphite material of the lithium battery cathode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, cutting the negative electrode plate into 3 cm-3 cm fragments before heat treatment, and performing heat treatment on the negative electrode plate in an inert atmosphere;
s2, placing the heat-treated negative electrode sheet into a pulverizer to pulverize, wherein the pulverizer comprises a cutter, the section of the cutter is approximately elliptical, the frequency of the pulverizer is 30-50Hz, and the pulverizing time is 1-18 min;
and S3, sieving the crushed materials.
2. The method for recycling graphite material of negative electrode of lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat treatment temperature is more than or equal to 180 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 0.5h-2h.
3. The method for recycling graphite material of negative electrode of lithium battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inert atmosphere is a nitrogen atmosphere.
4. The method for recycling graphite material of negative electrode of lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S3, the Cu content in the screen lower material is less than or equal to 650ppm.
CN202310178279.1A 2023-02-28 2023-02-28 Method for recycling graphite material of lithium battery cathode Active CN116259876B (en)

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CN116259876B true CN116259876B (en) 2024-03-19

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016198833A (en) * 2015-04-08 2016-12-01 株式会社豊田自動織機 Marking-off jig and battery cell decomposition method
CN110190352A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-30 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of recovery method of lithium ion battery negative material
CN209446302U (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-09-27 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of hand-held sampler
CN113036255A (en) * 2021-02-26 2021-06-25 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for preparing silicon-carbon composite material by using waste lithium ion battery cathode and application

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200018259A (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-19 주식회사 엘지화학 Anode for lithium metal battery, manufacturing method of the same, lithium metal battery including the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016198833A (en) * 2015-04-08 2016-12-01 株式会社豊田自動織機 Marking-off jig and battery cell decomposition method
CN209446302U (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-09-27 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of hand-held sampler
CN110190352A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-30 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of recovery method of lithium ion battery negative material
CN113036255A (en) * 2021-02-26 2021-06-25 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for preparing silicon-carbon composite material by using waste lithium ion battery cathode and application

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