CN116256827B - Surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission all-dielectric nano antenna - Google Patents
Surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission all-dielectric nano antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical nano-antenna, in particular to a surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission all-dielectric nano-antenna, which consists of 7 nano-discs, a gain nano-cube and a substrate nano-cube, wherein the three are longitudinally distributed without interval; the 7 nano-discs consist of a central nano-disc and 6 outer nano-discs, the 6 nano-discs are distributed in a ring shape, and the central nano-disc is nested in a central area; gaps among the 7 nano discs are equal; the 7 nano-discs are made of silicon, the gain nanocubes are made of silicon dioxide, and the substrate nanocubes are made of silicon. The nano antenna realizes the enhancement of a near field electric field and the good performance of a large PF factor, and has wide application in the fields of surface enhanced Raman scattering, quantum emission and the like. The unique optical characteristics of the antenna provide theoretical and application basis for the research of nano metamaterial.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical nano antenna, in particular to an all-dielectric nano antenna based on surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission.
Background
Nanostructures composed of high refractive index dielectric materials (e.g., silicon) are receiving attention for their excellent properties of small material loss and large mode field volume. Currently, there are many methods for electric field enhancement, such as anapole mode, fano resonance, which have been applied in the fields of nonlinear optics, surface enhanced raman scattering, quantum imaging, and the like.
Anapole mode is a non-radiative mode whose mechanism is that the spatial overlap and destructive interference of the electric dipole moment (ED) and the annular dipole moment (TD) in the far field region results in an increase in the electric field in the near field region. Although nano-antenna structures of different shapes and different configurations have been designed based on this principle, the performance of the near-field electric field is improved to some extent accordingly. But there is still a need for further disclosure of the physical mechanism for achieving a substantially improved non-radiative mode and near-field electric field at multiple wavelengths.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up and improve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an all-dielectric nano antenna based on surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission, which consists of 7 nano discs, a gain nano cube and a substrate nano body, wherein under the irradiation of incident plane waves, wave vectors are parallel to the direction of a z axis, and polarization is parallel to the direction of an x axis. The all-dielectric nano antenna is a novel nano structure which is extremely low in loss and can realize anapole mode under multiple wavelengths, and the multistage decomposition method proves that the anapole mode with the double wavelengths is obviously weakened due to destructive interference of electric dipole moment (ED) and annular dipole moment (TD) in a far field region, so that the enhanced performance of a near field electric field is further realized, and the novel nano structure can be applied to the fields of surface enhanced Raman scattering and the like. By locating the electric dipole source in different locations, the all-dielectric nanoantenna has significant advantages in terms of acting as a quantum emitter. The invention provides theoretical guidance for realizing the enhancement of a near-field electric field and the nano antenna of a high Purcell Factor (PF), and has certain reference value for promoting the application fields such as surface enhanced Raman scattering and the like and improving the quantum emission performance.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission all-dielectric nano antenna consists of 7 nano discs, a gain nano cube and a substrate nano cube, wherein the three are longitudinally distributed without interval; the 7 nano-discs consist of a central nano-disc and 6 outer nano-discs, the 6 nano-discs are distributed in a ring shape, and the central nano-disc is nested in a central area; gaps among the 7 nano discs are equal; the 7 nano-discs are made of silicon, the gain nanocubes are made of silicon dioxide, and the substrate nanocubes are made of silicon.
Further, the gap G between the 7 nano-discs is 1 nm.
Further, the diameter D of the 7 nano-discs is 80 nm, and the thickness h thereof is 15 nm; the side length L of the gain nanocube is 250 nm, and the thickness is H 1 5 nm; the side length L of the substrate nanocubes is 250 nm, the thickness H thereof 2 50 nm.
Furthermore, the background refractive index of the all-dielectric composite nano antenna is constant 1, and the all-dielectric nano antenna shows anapole mode phenomenon under the excitation of an external field.
Furthermore, the incident light of the hybrid nano antenna is plane wave, the wave vector is parallel to the z-axis direction, and the polarization is parallel to the x-axis direction.
Further, the strong coupling effect of the all-dielectric nano antenna can greatly enhance the surface Raman scattering.
Furthermore, the performance of quantum emission of the all-dielectric nano antenna can be improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: an all-dielectric nano-antenna based on surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission is provided. The nano antenna obviously weakens far-field radiation by regulating and controlling destructive interference between electric dipole moment (ED) and annular dipole moment (TD), further realizes the great promotion of near-field electric field, and has wide application in the fields of surface enhanced Raman scattering and the like. The realization of a large Purcell Factor (PF) can be promoted by placing an electric dipole source at a proper position of the nano antenna, and the good optical property of the large Purcell factor provides a theoretical basis for the research of a quantum emitter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an all-dielectric nano-antenna;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional front view of an all-dielectric nano-antenna;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional top view of an all-dielectric nano-antenna;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the point location of the placement electric dipole source of an all-dielectric nano-antenna;
fig. 5 is a plot of Scattering Cross Section (SCS) for an all-dielectric nano-antenna;
FIG. 6 is an E/E electric field enhancement factor for an all-dielectric nanoantenna 0 | 2 A graph of curve change;
FIG. 7 is a multipole expansion simulation of an all-dielectric nanoantenna;
fig. 8 is an electric field enhancement profile of an all-dielectric nano-antenna at λ=348 nm;
fig. 9 is an electric field enhancement profile of an all-dielectric nano-antenna at λ=563 nm;
fig. 10 is a magnetic field enhancement profile of an all-dielectric nano-antenna at λ=348 nm;
fig. 11 is a magnetic field enhancement profile of an all-dielectric nano-antenna at λ=563 nm;
FIG. 12 is a graph of PF factor for an all-dielectric nanoantenna with an electric dipole source placed at different locations.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1-3, a surface enhanced raman scattering and quantum emission all-dielectric nano antenna is composed of 7 nano discs 1, a gain nano cube 2 and a substrate nano cube 3, wherein the three nano discs are longitudinally arranged without interval, the 7 nano discs are composed of a central nano disc and 6 outer nano discs, the outer 6 nano discs are annularly distributed, and the central nano discs are nested in a central area; gaps among the 7 nano discs are equal; the 7 nano-discs 1 are made of silicon, the gain nano-cubes 2 are made of silicon dioxide, and the substrate nano-cubes 3 are made of silicon; the gap G between the 7 nano-discs 1 is 1 nm; the diameter D of the 7 nano-discs 1 is 80 nm, and the thickness h is 15 nm; the side length L of the gain nanocube 2 is 250 nm, and the thickness H thereof 1 5 nm; the side length L of the substrate nanocubes 3 is 250 nm, the thickness H thereof 2 50 nm; the incident light of the all-dielectric nano antenna is plane wave, wherein the wave vector direction is parallel to the z-axis direction, and the polarization direction is parallel to the x-axis direction; the background refractive index of the all-dielectric nano antenna is constant 1.
The characteristics of the all-medium optical nano antenna are analyzed by finite element method and multistage decomposition method theoretical simulation, the calculated wavelength range is 316 nm-800 nm, the refractive index of the material silicon used in calculation is set to n=3.5, and the material SiO 2 The refractive index of (c) is taken from the Palik handbook.
The presence of optical resonance modes and interactions between them are indispensable physical quantities in analyzing the performance of nano-antennas. The different optical modes play a decisive role for the current distribution, the charge distribution and the far field distribution. Thus, the optical resonance modes can be explained by the contributions of the multistage moments. The multipole expansion in Cartesian coordinate system is shown below. Formulas (1) - (5) respectively describe electric dipole moment EDP α ) Electric quadrupole moment EQQ e αβ ) Magnetic dipole moment MD #M α ) Magnetic quadrupole moment MQQ m αβ ) And the gyromagnetic dipole moment TD #T α ) Is a formula of (2).
In the method, in the process of the invention,cthe speed of light is indicated as being the speed of light,randJrepresenting the total distance vector and the total polarized current density excited in the antenna respectively,d 3 rrepresenting a pair of distance vectorsrIs a triple integral of (a) and (b),r α 、r β representation of%α, β = x, y, z) The distance vectors in the different directions are used,J α 、J β representation of%α, β = x, y, z) Polarized current densities in different directions of excitation in the antenna,irepresenting the units of the imaginary part,ωrepresenting frequency, dirac functionδ αβ Representation of%α, β = x, y, z) Taylor series expansion in different directions.
Furthermore, the radiation power I of several multistage moments can be expressed by formula (6).
In the method, in the process of the invention,ε 0 indicating the dielectric constant in vacuum,ωandcrespectively the frequency and the speed of light are represented,Imthe representation takes the imaginary value of the complex number,P α 、M α 、Q e αβ 、Q m αβ 、T α the electric dipole moment ED, the magnetic dipole moment MD, the electric quadrupole moment EQ, the magnetic quadrupole moment MQ and the annular dipole moment TD are shown in sequence.
Total scattering cross sectionC sca Can be illustrated by equation (7).
In the method, in the process of the invention,I inc is the radiant power of the incident light.
The above determined geometry parameters were set in simulation software and the set geometry was placed in the center of a sphere with a radius of 1500 nm. Here, the sphere acts to simulate an infinitely large space, and the outside of the sphere is set as a perfect matching layer to absorb light scattered internally, avoiding secondary effects of internal light on the model. Different wave equations are then set for the different geometry sections for investigation based on the differences in materials. Further, the calculation work of the extracted all-dielectric nano antenna is completed through grid division and geometric body scanning calculation. Finally, the results of the calculations were analyzed using formulas (1) - (7), and the obtained calculation results are shown in fig. 5-12 and table 1.
Table 1 is the calculated data for the Scattering Cross Section (SCS) of an all-dielectric nanoantenna at wavelengths 348-581 nm;
destructive and constructive interference due to multiple levels can be reflected laterally by the scattering cross section spectrum (SCS). Fig. 5 shows a plot of the Scattering Cross Section (SCS) of an all-dielectric nano-antenna, with calculated data for the corresponding SCS at wavelengths 348 nm-581 nm as shown in table 1. As can be seen from a combination of fig. 5 and table 1, 3 distinct peaks appear in the spectrum, thus generating two valleys (labeled AM1 and AM 2) at wavelengths λ=348 nm and λ=563 nm, in combination with the electric field enhancement factor |e/E shown in fig. 6 0 | 2 The change curve can find that the positions of two wave troughs of SCS are very matched with the positions of two larger wave peaks in the electric field enhancement factors, and the explanation can be carried out through anapole mode theory, namely, destructive interference among multipoles leads to obvious weakening of far-field radiation, and further enhancement of a near-field electric field is improved.
To make it clear that this phenomenon occurs due to interactions between several multipoles, fig. 7 plots the multipole expansion simulation curve of the all-dielectric nanoantenna. As can be seen from the spectral lines, there are two distinct ED recesses corresponding to wavelengths λ=355 nm and λ= nm, respectively, and the positions of these two recesses are substantially coincident with the peak position of the electric field increase factor. This result suggests that ED is recessed due to spatial overlap and destructive interference between the electric dipole moment (ED) and the annular dipole moment (TD).
To further explore the scattering properties of the all-dielectric nanoantenna of the invention, the electric and magnetic field distributions of the all-dielectric nanoantenna in AM1 and AM2 modes were calculated and plotted as shown in fig. 8-11. According to fig. 8, the high electric field concentration is distributed at the edges and junctions of the disk, which can be attributed to more electrons excited to the edges by the 7 cylinders. This is demonstrated in fig. 10, which also shows that all discs have a relatively high magnetic field strength, in particular in the two-sided regions. Likewise, fig. 9 and 11 plot the electromagnetic field distribution at a wavelength of λ= nm, and it can be seen that both the electric and magnetic fields of the AM2 mode are significantly weaker than AM1. Furthermore, for the AM2 mode, the electric field is almost completely distributed at the gap between the central disk and the annular six disks, thus creating two distinct magnetic hot spots in the magnetic field.
To evaluate the performance of the optical nanoantenna of the invention in terms of quantum emission, the calculations plotted Purcell Factor (PF) when the electric dipole source was placed in different positions in the all-dielectric nanoantenna is shown in FIG. 12. The point at which the electric dipole source is placed is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 12, the PF value obtained by placing the electric dipole source at point a is maximum, which can be 1398, indicating that the optical antenna of the present invention has a significant advantage in terms of acting as a quantum emitter to enhance spontaneous emission.
Claims (2)
1. A surface enhanced Raman scattering and quantum emission all-dielectric nano antenna is characterized in that: the all-dielectric nano antenna consists of 7 nano discs (1), a gain nano cube (2) and a substrate nano cube (3), wherein the three are longitudinally distributed without interval; the 7 nano-discs consist of a central nano-disc and 6 outer-layer nano-discs, the outer-layer 6 nano-discs are distributed in a ring shape, and the central nano-discs are nested in a central area; gaps among the 7 nano discs are equal; the 7 nano-discs (1) are made of silicon, the gain nano-cubes (2) are made of silicon dioxide, and the substrate nano-cubes (3) are made of silicon;
the gap G between the 7 nano-discs (1) is 1 nm;
the diameter D of the 7 nano-discs (1) is 80 nm, and the thickness h is 15 nm; the side length L of the gain nanocube (2) is 250 nm, the thickness H thereof 1 5 nm; the side length L of the substrate nanocubes (3) is 250 nm, the thickness H thereof 2 50 nm, wherein the background refractive index of the all-dielectric nano antenna is constant 1;
the all-dielectric nano antenna shows a dual-wavelength anapole mode phenomenon under the excitation of an external field, and the scattering cross sections corresponding to dual wavelengths 348nm and 563nm are 25.321 multiplied by 10 respectively -2 μm 2 And 5.7501 ×10 -2 μm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The full-medium nano antenna can obtain a maximum Purcell factor of 1398; the positions of two wave troughs of the scattering section of the all-dielectric nano antenna are matched with the positions of two wave crests in the electric field enhancement factor, and the cancellation between multipoles is realizedThe interference causes far-field radiation to be weakened, and further the enhancement of a near-field electric field is promoted, two electric dipole moment depressions in a multipole expansion simulation curve of the all-dielectric nano antenna correspond to the wavelengths of lambda=355 nm and lambda=557 nm respectively, and the positions of the two depressions are basically consistent with the peak positions of an electric field increasing factor; spatial overlap and destructive interference exist between the electric dipole moment and the annular dipole moment in the all-dielectric nano antenna.
2. The surface-enhanced raman scattering and quantum-dot all-dielectric nano-antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the incident light of the all-dielectric nano antenna is plane wave, wherein the wave vector direction is parallel to the z-axis direction, and the polarization direction is parallel to the x-axis direction.
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| US20140085693A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-27 | Northeastern University | Metasurface nanoantennas for light processing |
| EP3966159A1 (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2022-03-16 | The Research Foundation for The State University of New York | Substrates for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and methods for manufacturing same |
| CN110146945B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-02-05 | 东北石油大学 | Janus core-shell nano antenna based on Fano resonance and PT symmetry |
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| CN111579533A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-25 | 台州学院 | Refractive index sensor based on magnetic mode Fano resonance and preparation method thereof |
| CN113138441A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-20 | 浙江大学 | High-quality factor dielectric nano antenna based on shallow etching disc structure and application thereof |
| CN113959984A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-21 | 深圳迈塔兰斯科技有限公司 | Film refractive index detection device and detection method |
| CN217466052U (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-09-20 | 深圳迈塔兰斯科技有限公司 | Tactile sensor based on superlens ToF module |
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