CN116253747A - 新型高喜树碱衍生物、含其的组合物和其用途 - Google Patents
新型高喜树碱衍生物、含其的组合物和其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116253747A CN116253747A CN202211567804.0A CN202211567804A CN116253747A CN 116253747 A CN116253747 A CN 116253747A CN 202211567804 A CN202211567804 A CN 202211567804A CN 116253747 A CN116253747 A CN 116253747A
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- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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Abstract
本发明提供了一类高喜树碱衍生物、含其的组合物和其用途。具体而言,本发明提供了如式(1)所示的化合物及其制备方法,以及如通式(1)所示化合物及其各光学异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
Description
本申请要求申请日为2021年12月10日的中国专利申请202111509240.0的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,更具体而言,涉及一类新型高喜树碱衍生物,含其的组合物和该类化合物的用途。
背景技术
DNA拓扑异构酶位于细胞核,其作用底物为DNA,继而参与细胞的复制、转录及有丝分裂。拓扑异构酶的主要作用为分解DNA超螺旋结构。拓扑异构酶分为拓扑异构酶Ⅰ(TopoⅠ)和拓扑异构酶Ⅱ(TopoⅡ)。抑制拓扑异构酶致使肿瘤细胞内积累大量断裂DNA,诱发肿瘤细胞死亡。DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅰ抑制剂包括喜树碱及其衍生物,临床上用于恶性肿瘤的治疗。
喜树碱最早是从珙桐科植物喜树中分离得到的,具有较强的细胞毒性,对消化道肿瘤(胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌)、肝癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌和白血病等恶性肿瘤有较好的疗效。喜树碱的主要缺点是溶解性和稳定性较差,毒性较大,因此临床应用受到限制。喜树碱衍生物通过引入水溶性基团或制备前药,可以增加水溶性,从而改善成药性。已有多个溶解度大幅提高的喜树碱衍生物获批上市,例如拓扑替康及其氨基甲酸酯型前药伊立替康。
1997年,Olivier Lavergne等人在WO97/00876提出了一类全新的具有β-羟基七元内酯环的喜树碱类似物,又称高喜树碱(homocamptothecin,hCPT)。它不但增强了抗肿瘤活性,并具有种属差异小、毒副作用低、对耐药性抗肿瘤细胞活性高等优点,目前代表性的有BN80915(diflomotecan)(Expert Opin.Investig.Drugs.2009,18,69)和BN80927(elomotecan)(Cancer Res.2004,64,4942)等。
喜树碱衍生物除了可以作为化疗药物治疗肿瘤外,也被用于和抗体偶联,作为抗体-药物偶联物(antibody drug conjugate,ADC)的小分子毒素(payload)。ADC将抗体和小分子毒素偶联,兼具抗体对肿瘤细胞表面抗原结合的特异性和细胞毒药物抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞的高活性。与传统的化疗药物相比,ADC能更精准地杀伤肿瘤细胞,降低对正常细胞影响。近年来,以喜树碱衍生物为小分子毒素的ADC取得了非常大的进展。DS-8201a(Trastuzumab Deruxtecan)是日本第一三共研发的ADC,已经被批准上市。该ADC选择喜树碱衍生物Deruxtecan作为小分子毒素,以可被组织蛋白酶B水解的GGFG四肽和自裂解结构作为连接子(linker)。
目前利用高喜树碱作为抗体-药物偶联物的小分子毒素的研究不多,与喜树碱类衍生物作为小分子毒素的ADC类似,以高喜树碱衍生物为小分子毒素的ADC一般同样需要较大的药物/抗体比(DAR),生产工艺困难,而且容易造成ADC不稳定。因此,活性更高的新型的高喜树碱衍生物作为抗肿瘤药物或者ADC的小分子毒素具体广泛的应用前景。
本发明提供一类新型的高喜树碱衍生物,和Deruxtecan等已知化合物相比,细胞活性得到大幅提高,这对于开发新型抗肿瘤药物和ADC具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种如通式(1)所示的高喜树碱化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物:
通式(1)中:
m为0、1或2的整数;
X选自-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-或-N(R4)-;
R3选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C1-3烷氧基取代C1-3烷基或C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自H、C1-6烷基或C1-6卤代烷基;
R5选自H、C1-6烷基或C3-6环烷基;
R6和R7独立地选自H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基或C3-6环烷基,或R6和R7与所相连的碳原子一起环合形成C3-6环烷基或4-7元杂环烷基,或R6和R5相连形成5-7元内酰胺环,R7选自H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基或C3-6环烷基;
R8选自OH或NR9R10,R9和R10独立地选自H、C1-6烷基或C3-6环烷基;或R9和R10与所相连的N原子一起环合形成4-7元杂环烷基,所述4-7元杂环烷基是未被取代的,或被1-3个选自下列的基团所取代:C1-6烷基、卤素、OH、CN或NH2。
在另一优选例中,其中所述通式(1)中,R8为OH。
在另一优选例中,其中所述通式(1)中,R1和R2独立地选自H、卤素、OH、Me、Et、OMe、OEt、CF3、NH2、NO2或CN;R1和R2独立优选为H、F、Cl、Me、Et、OMe、OEt或CF3;R1和R2独立更优选为H、F、Me、Et或OMe;R1和R2独立更优选为F或Me;或R1和R2与所相连的苯环一起环合形成
在另一优选例中,其中所述通式(1)中,X选自-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-、-N(H)-或-N(Me)-;X优选为-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-或-N(Me)-;X更优选为-S-。
在另一优选例中,其中所述通式(1)中,R6和R7独立选自H、Me、Et、CHF2、CF3、CH2CF3、R6和R7独立优选为H、Me、CF3、R6和R7独立更优选为H或R6和R7独立更优选为H;R6和R7独立更优选为
本发明的一些方案中,提供了一种高喜树碱衍生物类化合物、异构体或药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物具有以下结构之一:
本发明的一些方案中,如通式(1)所述化合物、异构体或药学上可接受的盐,具有以下结构之一:
本发明的一些方案中,本发明提供了一种抗体-药物偶联物,其中所述抗体-药物偶联物具有以下结构之一:
其中Ab代表一种单克隆抗体,优选为抗her2抗体,进一步优选为曲妥珠单抗;n为2-8内数值,优选为4-8,进一步优选为7-8;例如7.1、7.2、7.3、7.4、7.5、7.6、7.7、7.8、7.9。
其中所述的抗her2抗体曲妥珠单抗的轻链的氨基酸序列优选为如序列表中SEQID No.1所示,重链的氨基酸序列优选为如序列表中SEQ ID No.2所示。
本发明的一个目的是提供本发明所述的化合物、或其各光学异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物可作为小分子毒素用于抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)的制备中的应用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种药物组合物,其含有药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体,以及本发明所述化合物、或其各光学异构体、药学上可接受的无机或有机盐作为活性成分。
本发明的再一个目的是提供本发明所述化合物、或其各光学异构体、药学上可接受的无机或有机盐、或所述的药物组合物用于制备治疗肿瘤等相关疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明的再一个目的是提供本发明所述化合物、或其各光学异构体、药学上可接受的无机或有机盐用于制备治疗肿瘤等相关疾病中的应用。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种抗体-药物偶联物(ADC),其特征在于,所述抗体-药物偶联物包括抗体、小分子毒素和连接子;所述小分子毒素为本发明所述的化合物;和所述连接子通过共价键链接抗体和小分子毒素。
应理解,本发明的前述一般性描述和以下详细描述都是示例性和说明性的,旨在提供对所要求保护的本发明的进一步说明。
化合物的合成
下面具体地描述本发明化合物的制备方法,但这些具体方法不对本发明构成任何限制。
以上说明的化合物可使用标准的合成技术或公知的技术与文中结合的方法来合成。此外,在此提到的溶剂,温度和其他反应条件可以改变。用于化合物的合成的起始物料可以由合成或从商业来源上获得,如,但不限于Aldrich Chemical Co.(Milwaukee,Wis.)或Sigma Chemical Co.(St.Louis,Mo.)。本文所述的化合物和其他具有不同取代基的有关化合物可使用公知的技术和原料来合成,包括发现于March,ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY4th Ed.,(Wiley 1992);Carey和Sundberg,ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4th Ed.,Vols.A和B(Plenum2000,2001),Green和Wuts,PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 3rdEd.,(Wiley 1999)中的方法。化合物制备的一般方法可通过使用适当的试剂和在此提供的分子式中引入不同基团的条件来改变。
一方面,本文所述的化合物根据工艺中公知的方法。然而方法的条件,例如反应物、溶剂、碱、所用化合物的量、反应温度、反应所需时间等不限于下面的解释。本发明化合物还可以任选将在本说明书中描述的或本领域已知的各种合成方法组合起来而方便的制得,这样的组合可由本发明所属领域的技术人员容易的进行。一方面,本发明还提供了一种所述的化合物的制备方法,其中通式(1)化合物可采用下列一般反应流程1制备,其中h-CDE片段可参照已知方法制备(中国专利CN102702213):
一般反应流程1
其中,R1、R2、R3、R5、R6、R7、R8和X的定义如前所述。
以化合物A1为起始原料,经过亲核取代反应得到化合物A2,铁粉和盐酸条件下还原硝基并水解得到化合物A3,经过傅克酰基化反应得到化合物A4,化合物A4乙酰化得到化合物A5,化合物A5经过亚硝化、还原和乙酰化得到化合物A6,化合物A6脱去苯胺上的乙酰基得到中间体化合物A7。
中间体化合物A7和化合物h-CDE经过关环得到中间体化合物B8,脱去乙酰基得到化合物B9,最后经过氨基的修饰或者官能团转化得到本发明的目标化合物。
化合物的进一步形式
“药学上可接受”这里指一种物质,如载体或稀释液,不会使化合物的生物活性或性质消失,且相对无毒,如,给予个体某物质,不会引起不想要的生物影响或以有害的方式与任何其含有的组分相互作用。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指一种化合物的存在形式,该形式不会引起对给药有机体的重要的刺激,且不会使化合物的生物活性和性质消失。在某些具体方面,药学上可接受的盐是通过通式(1)化合物与酸反应获得,如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、三氟乙酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苦味酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸等有机酸以及天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等酸性氨基酸。
应理解药学上可接受的盐的参考包括溶剂添加形式或结晶形式,尤其是溶剂化物或多晶型。溶剂化物含有化学计量或非化学计量的溶剂,且是在与药学上可接受溶剂如水,乙醇等,结晶化过程中选择性形成的。当溶剂是水时形成水合物,或当溶剂是乙醇时形成醇化物。通式(1)化合物的溶剂化物按照本文所述的方法,很方便的制得或形成。举例说明,通式(1)化合物的水合物从水/有机溶剂的混合溶剂中重结晶而方便的制得,使用的有机溶剂包括但不限于,四氢呋喃、丙酮、乙醇或甲醇。此外,在此提到的化合物能够以非溶剂化和溶剂化形式存在。总之,对于在此提供的化合物和方法为目的,溶剂化形式被认为相当于非溶剂化形式。
在其他具体实施例中,通式(1)化合物被制备成不同的形式,包括但不限于,无定形,粉碎形和毫微-粒度形式。此外,通式(1)化合物包括结晶型,也可以作为多晶型。多晶型包括化合物的相同元素组成的不同晶格排列。多晶型通常有不同的X-射线衍射光谱、红外光谱、熔点、密度、硬度、晶型、光和电的性质、稳定性和溶解性。不同的因素如重结晶溶剂,结晶速率和贮存温度可能引起单一晶型为主导。
在另一个方面,通式(1)化合物可能存在手性中心和/或轴手性,并因此以消旋体、外消旋混合物、单一对映体、非对映异构体化合物和单一非对映体的形式、和顺反异构体的形式出现。每个手性中心或轴手性将独立地产生两个旋光异构体,并且所有可能的旋光异构体和非对映体混合物以及纯或部分纯的化合物包括在本发明的范围之内。本发明意味着包括这些化合物的所有这种异构形式。
本发明的化合物可以在一个或多个构成该化合物的原子上包含非天然比例的原子同位素。例如,可用放射性同位素标记化合物,比如氚(3H)、碘-125(125I)和C-14(14C)。又例如,可用重氢取代氢原子形成氘代化合物,氘与碳构成的键比普通氢和碳构成的键更坚固,相比于未氘代药物,通常氘代药物具有降低毒副作用、增加药物稳定性、增强疗效、延长药物体内半衰期等优势。本发明的化合物的所有同位素组成的变换,无论放射性与否,都包含在本发明的范围之内。
术语
如果无另外说明,用于本发明申请,包括说明书和权利要求书中的术语,定义如下。必须注意,在说明书和所附的权利要求书中,如果文中无另外清楚指示,单数形式“一个”包括复数意义。如果无另外说明,使用质谱、核磁、HPLC、蛋白化学、生物化学、重组DNA技术和药理的常规方法。在本申请中,如果无另外说明,使用“或”或“和”指“和/或”。
除非另有规定,“烷基”指饱和的脂肪烃基团,包括1至6个碳原子的直链和支链基团。优选含有1至4个碳原子的低级烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基。如本文所用,“烷基”包括未取代和取代的烷基,尤其是被一个或多个卤素所取代的烷基。优选的烷基选自CH3、CH3CH2、CF3、CHF2、CF3CH2、CF3(CH3)CH、iPr、nPr、iBu、nBu或tBu。
除非另有规定,“亚烷基”指二价的如上所定义的烷基。亚烷基基的例子包括但不限于,亚甲基和亚乙基。
除非另有规定,“烯基”指含有碳-碳双键的不饱和脂肪烃基团,包括1至14个碳原子的直链或支链基团。优选含有1至4个碳原子的低级烯基,例如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基或2-甲基丙烯基。
除非另有规定,“炔基”指含有碳-碳叁键的不饱和脂肪烃基团,包括1至14个碳原子的直链和支链基团。优选含有1至4个碳原子的低级炔基,例如乙炔基、1-丙炔基或1-丁炔基。
除非另有规定,“环烷基”是指非芳香族烃环系统(单环、双环或多环),如果碳环含有至少一个双键,那么部分不饱和环烷基可被称为“环烯基”,或如果碳环含有至少一个三键,那么部分不饱和环烷基可被称为“环炔基”。环烷基可以包括单环或多环(例如具有2、3或4个稠合环)基团和螺环。在一些实施方案中,环烷基为单环的。在一些实施方案中,环烷基为单环的或双环的。环烷基的成环碳原子可以任选地被氧化以形成氧代或硫离子基。环烷基还包括亚环烷基。在一些实施方案中,环烷基含有0、1或2个双键。在一些实施方案中,环烷基含有1或2个双键(部分不饱和环烷基)。在一些实施方案中,环烷基可以与芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环烷基稠合。在一些实施方案中,环烷基可以与芳基、环烷基和杂环烷基稠合。在一些实施方案中,环烷基可以与芳基和杂环烷基稠合。一些实施方案中,环烷基可以与芳基和环烷基稠合。环烷基的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环已二烯基、环庚三烯基、降莰基、降蒎基、降蒈基、双环[1.1.1]戊烷基、双环[2.1.1]己烷基等等。
除非另有规定,“烷氧基”指通过醚氧原子键合到分子其余部分的烷基。代表性的烷氧基为具有1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基和叔丁氧基。如本文所用,“烷氧基”包括未取代和取代的烷氧基,尤其是被一个或多个卤素所取代的烷氧基。优选的烷氧基选自OCH3、OCF3、CHF2O、CF3CH2O、i-PrO、n-PrO、i-BuO、n-BuO或t-BuO。
除非另有规定,“芳基”指碳氢芳香基团,芳基是单环或多环的,例如单环芳基环与一个或多个碳环芳香基团稠和。芳基的例子包括但不限于,苯基、萘基和菲基。
除非另有规定,“杂环烷基”指非芳香族环或环系统,其可以任选地含有一个或多个亚烯基作为环结构的一部分,其具有至少一个独立地选自硼、磷、氮、硫、氧和磷的杂原子环成员。如果杂环烷基含有至少一个双键,那么部分不饱和杂环烷基可被称为“杂环烯基”,或如果杂环烷基含有至少一个三键,那么部分不饱和杂环烷基可被称为“杂环炔基”。杂环烷基可以包括单环、双环、螺环或多环(例如具有两个稠合或桥接环)环系统。在一些实施例中,杂环烷基为具有1、2或3个独立地选自氮、硫和氧的杂原子的单环基团。杂环烷基的成环碳原子和杂原子可以任选地氧化以形成氧代或硫离子基或其他氧化键(例如C(O)、S(O)、C(S)或S(O)2、N-氧化物等),或氮原子可以季铵化。杂环烷基可以经由成环碳原子或成环杂原子而连接。在一些实施例中,杂环烷基含有0至3个双键。在一些实施例中,杂环烷基含有0至2个双键。杂环烷基的定义中还包括具有一个或多个与杂环烷基环稠合(即,与其共用键)的芳香族环的部分,例如哌啶、吗啉、氮杂环庚三烯或噻吩基等的苯并衍生物。含有稠合芳香族环的杂环烷基可以经由任何成环原子,包括稠合芳香族环的成环原子而连接。杂环烷基的实例包括但不限于氮杂环丁基、氮杂环庚基、二氢苯并呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、二氢吡喃基、N-吗啉基、3-氧杂-9-氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷基、1-氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、氧代哌嗪基、吡喃基、吡咯烷基、奎宁基、四氢呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、莨菪烷基、4,5,6,7-四氢噻唑并[5,4-c]吡啶基、4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶、N-甲基哌啶基、四氢咪唑基、吡唑烷基、丁内酰胺基、戊内酰胺基、咪唑啉酮基、乙内酰脲基、二氧戊环基、邻苯二甲酰亚胺基、嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H)-二酮基、1,4-二氧六环基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、硫代吗啉-S-氧化物基、硫代吗啉-S,S-氧化物基、哌嗪基、吡喃基、吡啶酮基、3-吡咯啉基、噻喃基、吡喃酮基、四氢噻吩基、2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷基、吲哚啉基、
除非另有规定,“卤素”(或卤代基)是指氟、氯、溴或碘。在基团名前面出现的术语“卤代”(或“卤素取代”)表示该基团是部分或全部卤代,也就是说,以任意组合的方式被F,Cl,Br或I取代,优选被F或Cl取代。
“任选”或“任选地”指的是随后描述的事件或状况可能但不是必需出现,并且该描述包括其中所述事件或状况发生的情况以及所述事件或状况不发生的情况。
当一个连接基团的数量为0时,比如-(CH2)0-,表示该连接基团为单键。
当其中一个变量选自化学键时,表示其连接的两个基团直接相连,比如X-L-Y中L代表化学键时表示该结构实际上是X-Y。
特定药学及医学术语
术语“可接受的”,如本文所用,指一个处方组分或活性成分对一般治疗目标的健康没有过分的有害影响。
术语“治疗”、“治疗过程”或“疗法”如本文所用,包括缓和、抑制或改善疾病的症状或状况;抑制并发症的产生;改善或预防潜在代谢综合症;抑制疾病或症状的产生,如控制疾病或情况的发展;减轻疾病或症状;使疾病或症状减退;减轻由疾病或症状引起的并发症,或预防或治疗由疾病或症状引起的征兆。
如本文所用,某一化合物或药物组合物,给药后,可以使某一疾病、症状或情况得到改善,尤指其严重度得到改善,延迟发病,减缓病情进展,或减少病情持续时间。无论固定给药或临时给药、持续给药或间歇给药,可以归因于或与给药有关的情况。
“活性成分”指本发明化合物,以及本发明化合物的药学上可接受的无机或有机盐。本发明的化合物可以含有一个或多个不对称中心,并因此以消旋体、外消旋混合物、单一对映体、非对映异构体化合物和单一非对映体的形式出现。可以存在的不对称中心,取决于分子上各种取代基的性质。每个这种不对称中心将独立地产生两个旋光异构体,并且所有可能的旋光异构体和非对映体混合物以及纯或部分纯的化合物包括在本发明的范围之内。本发明意味着包括这些化合物的所有这种异构形式。
“化合物(compound)”、“组合物(composition)”、“药剂(agent)”或“医药品(medicine or medicament)”等词在此可交替使用,且都是指当施用于个体(人类或动物)时,能够透过局部和/或全身性作用而诱发所亟求的药学和/或生理反应的一种化合物或组合物。
“施用(administered、administering或、administration)”一词在此是指直接施用所述的化合物或组合物,或施用活性化合物的前驱药(prodrug)、衍生物(derivative)、或类似物(analog)等。
虽然用以界定本发明较广范围的数值范围与参数皆是约略的数值,此处已尽可能精确地呈现具体实施例中的相关数值。然而,任何数值本质上不可避免地含有因个别测试方法所致的标准偏差。在此处,“约”通常是指实际数值在一特定数值或范围的正负10%、5%、1%或0.5%之内。或者是,“约”一词代表实际数值落在平均值的可接受标准误差之内,视本领域技术人员的考虑而定。除了实验例之外,或除非另有明确的说明,当可理解此处所用的所有范围、数量、数值与百分比(例如用以描述材料用量、时间长短、温度、操作条件、数量比例及其它相似者)均经过“约”的修饰。因此,除非另有相反的说明,本说明书与附随权利要求书所揭示的数值参数皆为约略的数值,且可视需求而更动。至少应将这些数值参数理解为所指出的有效位数与采用一般进位法所得到的数值。
除非本说明书另有定义,此处所用的科学与技术词汇的含义与本领域技术人员所理解的惯用的意义相同。此外,在不和上下文冲突的情形下,本说明书所用的单数名词涵盖该名词的复数型;而所用的复数名词时亦涵盖该名词的单数型。
治疗用途
本发明提供了使用本发明所述化合物、抗体-药物偶联物或药物组合物治疗疾病的方法,所述疾病包括但不限于癌症。
在一些实施方案中,提供了用于癌症治疗的方法,该方法包括给予有需要的个体有效量的任何前述的化合物、抗体-药物偶联物的药物组合物。在其它实施方案中,该癌症是血液癌和实体瘤,包括但不限于白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、脑癌、尿路上皮癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、头颈癌、胃癌、间皮瘤或所有癌症转移。
给药途径
本发明的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐可制成各种制剂,其中包含安全、有效量范围内的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐及药理上可以接受的赋形剂或载体。其中“安全、有效量”指的是:化合物的量足以明显改善病情,而不至于产生严重的副作用。化合物的安全、有效量根据治疗对象的年龄、病情、疗程等具体情况来确定。
“药学上可以接受的赋形剂或载体”指的是:一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质,它们适合于人使用,而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组份能与本发明的化合物以及它们之间相互掺和,而不明显降低化合物的药效。药理上可以接受的赋形剂或载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂(如)、润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
施用本发明化合物时,可以口服、直肠、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、局部给药。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
用于局部给药的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂,或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明化合物可以单独给药,或者与其他药学上可接受的化合物联合给药。使用药物组合物时,是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人),其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量,对于60kg体重的人而言,日给药剂量通常为1~2000mg,优选50~100mg。当然,具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素,这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
本发明提到的上述特征,或实施例提到的特征可以任意组合。本案说明书所揭示的所有特征可与任何组合物形式并用,说明书中所揭示的各个特征,可以任何可提供相同、均等或相似目的的替代性特征取代。因此除有特别说明,所揭示的特征仅为均等或相似特征的一般性例子。
具体实施方式
在下面的说明中将会详细阐述上述化合物、方法、药物组合物的各个具体方面、特性和优势,使本发明的内容变得十分明了。在此应理解,下述的详细说明及实例描述了具体的实施例,仅用于参考。在阅读了本发明的说明内容后,本领域的技术人员可对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形势同样落于本申请所限定的范围。
所有实施例中,1H-NMR用Vian Mercury 400核磁共振仪记录,化学位移以δ(ppm)表示;分离用硅胶未说明均为200-300目,洗脱液的配比均为体积比。
本发明采用下述缩略词:室温(RT,rt);水溶液(aq.);石油醚(PE);乙酸乙酯(EA);二氯甲烷(DCM);1,4-二氧六环(dioxane);甲醇(MeOH);甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE);乙醇(EtOH);四氢呋喃(THF);二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);二甲基亚砜(DMSO);三乙胺(TEA);二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA);4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP);四氯化碳(CCl4);钯碳(Pd/C);Eaton’s reagent(伊顿试剂,7.7wt%五氧化二磷的甲磺酸溶液);铁粉(Fe);锌粉(Zn);兰尼镍(Ranyi Ni);乙酰氯(AcCl);乙酸(AcOH);乙酸酐(Ac2O);间氯过氧苯甲酸(m-CPBA);亚硝酸正丁酯(n-BuNO);亚硝酸钠(NaNO2);氢化钠(NaH);硫酸镁(MgSO4);N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS);一水合对甲基苯磺酸(TsOH.H2O);碳酸钠(Na2CO3);碳酸钾(K2CO3);当量(eq);克/毫克(g/mg);摩尔/毫摩尔(mol/mmol);升/毫升(L/mL);分钟(min(s));小时(h,hr,hrs);氮气(N2);核磁共振(NMR);液相-质谱仪(LC-MS);薄层色谱(TLC);制备液相色谱仪(pre-HPLC)。制备例1N-(5-氨基-7-氟-8-甲基-4-氧代硫代苯并二氢吡喃-3-基)乙酰胺(A7-a)的合成
步骤1:3-((3-氟-2-甲基-5-硝基苯基)硫代)丙酸甲酯的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入A1-a(1.73g,10mmol,1eq),(1.8g,15mmol,1.5eq)和NMP(10mL),体系溶清后加入碳酸钾(2g,15mmol,1.5eq),60℃氩气保护下搅拌8h。冷却至室温后,加水(30mL)稀释体系,析出固体过滤,水洗,滤饼柱层析分离(PE/EA=1/12-1/7)得黄色固体A2-a(1.55g,收率56.8%),LC-MS:274.2[M+H]+。
步骤2:3-((3-氟-2-甲基-5-氨基苯基)硫代)丙酸的合成
于250mL三口瓶中加入A2-a(1.55g,5.67mmol,1eq),铁粉(1.27g,22.69mmol,4eq),乙醇(80mL)和氯化铵水溶液(2.8M,28mL,5eq),90℃氩气保护下搅拌16h。冷却至室温后,经硅藻土过滤,乙醇洗涤固体,滤液浓缩,粗品加水(30mL)稀释,EA(30mL
*2)萃取,有机相饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得粗品(1.5g,当量收率)。LC-MS:244.3[M+H]+。
于50mL三口瓶中加入上述粗品(1.5g,5.67mmol,1eq)和1,4-二氧六环(15mL),体系溶清后加入浓盐酸(37%,10mL),65℃氩气保护下搅拌4h。冷却至室温后,加入3N碳酸钠溶液调节pH至5,EA(30mL*2)萃取,有机相饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,粗品打浆(EA/PE=1/5)得白色固体A3-a(985mg,两步收率75.8%),LC-MS:228.2[M-H]-。
步骤3:5-氨基-7-氟-8-甲基硫代苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入A3-a(985mg,4.3mmol,1eq)和Eaton's Reagent(15mL),体系60℃氩气保护下搅拌1h。冷却至室温后,反应液倒入冰水中,加入3N碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8,EA(30mL*2)萃取,有机相饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得粗品A4-a(1.05g,当量收率),LC-MS:212.3[M+H]+。
步骤4:N-(7-氟-8-甲基-4-氧代硫代苯并二氢吡喃-5-基)乙酰胺的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入A4-a(1.05g,4.3mmol,1eq),DMAP(52.5mg,0.43mmol,0.1eq)和DCM(15mL),冰浴下依次加入乙酰氯(674mg,8.6mmol,2eq)和三乙胺(869mg,8.6mmol,2eq)。体系自然恢复至室温后继续搅拌1h,原料反应完全。加水(20mL)淬灭体系,分液,水相DCM(20mL*2)萃取,有机相合并,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,柱层析(EA/PE=1/1)得黄色固体A5-a(910mg,两步收率89%),LC-MS:254.3[M+H]+。
步骤5:N,N'-(7-氟-8-甲基-4-氧代硫代苯并二氢吡喃-3,5-二基)二乙酰胺的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入叔丁醇钾(191mg,1.7mmol,1.1eq)和无水THF(5mL),-20℃下依次加入A5-a(375mg,1.48mmol,1eq)和亚硝酸正丁酯(190mg,1.85mmol,1.25eq)。体系升温至5℃后继续搅拌2h,原料反应完全。加入MTBE(15mL)稀释体系,过滤,固体溶于乙酸(5mL),加入锌粉(200mg,3.1mmol,2.1eq),室温下搅拌5min后加入乙酸酐(1mL),继续搅拌2h后,体系加入MeOH/DCM(3/30mL)洗涤,浓缩,粗品经柱层析(EA/DCM=1/10-1/5)分离得淡棕色固体A6-a(175mg,41%),LC-MS:311.1[M+H]+。
步骤6:N-(5-氨基-7-氟-8-甲基-4-氧代硫代苯并二氢吡喃-3-基)乙酰胺的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入A6-a(175mg,0.56mmol,1eq)和甲醇/1,4-二氧六环(4/8mL),体系溶清后加入浓盐酸(37%,4mL),40℃氩气保护下搅拌2h。冷却至室温后,加入3N碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8,过滤,固体干燥得A7-a(137mg,收率91%)。LC-MS:269.2[M+H]+。
类似A7-a的合成,可以得到下表所列的中间体:
表1.中间体A7-b至A7-y
实施例1化合物1的合成
步骤1:化合物B8-a的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入A7-a(108mg,0.4mmol,1eq),h-CDE(166mg,0.6mmol,1.5eq),一水合对甲苯磺酸(45mg,0.24mmol,0.6eq),无水硫酸镁(1g)和醋酸(10mL),氩气保护下,105℃搅拌24h,原料反应完全。过滤,滤饼EA洗涤,浓缩,粗品经柱层析(MeOH/DCM=1/40-1/20)分离得淡棕色固体B8-a(132mg,65%),LC-MS:510.1[M+H]+。
步骤2:化合物1的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入B8-a(131mg,0.26mmol,1eq)和1,4-二氧六环(5mL),体系溶清后加入浓盐酸(37%,5mL),80℃氩气保护下搅拌24h。冷却至室温后,浓缩,粗品ACN/EA(1/1)打浆得棕色固体化合物1(盐酸盐)(100mg,收率82.6%),LC-MS:468.1[M+H]+。类似化合物1的合成,可以得到下表所列的化合物:
表2.化合物2-28列表
实施例2:化合物1的手性分离
化合物1是一对非对映体混合物,采用成盐重结晶或者pre-HPLC分离纯化的方法可以得到化合物1的两个非对映异构体1-1和1-2。
色谱条件:采用日本岛津LC-20AP制备液相色谱仪;色谱柱:Waters SunFire PrepC18OBD(50×150mm,5um);流动相:乙腈-0.5‰三氟乙酸水溶液=66:34;流速:48.0mL/min;检测波长:254nm;进样量:3000μL。
实验步骤:取1适量,用50%乙腈水溶液定容,配制浓度为25mg/mL的供试品溶液。取上述供试品溶液,注入制备液相色谱仪,按照本发明色谱条件进行检测并记录数据。结果:经制备分离得到1-1(33mg)和1-2(31mg),两个组分的保留时间分别是5.519min和7.714min,纯度分别是99.37%和99.23%。
类似化合物1的手性分离方法,可以得到下表所列的化合物:
表3.化合物的Pre-HPLC制备分离
实施例3化合物29-1和化合物29-2的合成
于50mL三口瓶中加入保留时间较长的组分1-2(94mg,0.2mmol,1eq),2-羟基乙酸(18.4mg,0.24mmol,1.2eq)和无水DCM(5mL),冰浴下依次加入HATU(84mg,0.3mmol,1.5eq)和DIPEA(90.3mg,0.7mmol,3.5eq),该温度下保持0.5h后,加水(5mL)稀释体系,分液,DCM(5mL*2)萃取,有机相饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩柱层析(MeOH/DCM=1/40)得化合物29-1(79mg,收率75%),LC-MS:526.1[M+H]+。
类似化合物29-1的合成,利用另一个保留时间较短的组分1-1,可以得到29-1的非对映异构体29-2。
类似化合物29-1和化合物29-2的合成,利用不同的中间体,可以得到下表所列的化合物:
表4.化合物31-1至58-2列表
实施例4抗体-药物偶联物(ADC-1和ADC-2)的制备
步骤1化合物L-D-1和L-D-2的制备
向50mL单口瓶中加入L-1(76mg,0.12mmol,1.0eq)和化合物1(56mg,0.12mmol,1.0eq),NMI(50.6mg,0.62mmol,5.0eq)和DMF(2mL),搅拌均匀并冷却至0℃。向反应液中加入TCFH(41.5mg,0.1 5mmol,1.2eq),搅拌30min。LC-MS检测,反应完毕后,反应液经反相C18柱层析(MeCN/water=0~60%)纯化,分得两个馏分,保留时间在前的为L-D-1,保留时间在后的为L-D-2,目标馏分经冻干得黄色固体L-D-1(10mg),L-D-2(15mg)。
LC-MS:1066.1[M+H]+
步骤2ADC-1和ADC-2制备
在37℃条件下,向抗体曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)的PBS缓冲水溶液(pH=6.5的0.05的PBS缓冲水溶液;2.5mL,9.96mg/mL,0.168nmol)加入配置好的三(2-羧乙基)膦的水溶液(10mM,0.082mL),置于水浴振荡器,于37℃振荡反应3小时,停止反应;将反应液用水浴降温至25℃,稀释至5.0mg/mL。
将化合物L-D-1和L-D-2分别2.02nmol溶解于DMSO(0.10mL)中,加入到上述2.0mL溶液中,置于水浴振荡器,于25℃振荡反应3小时,停止反应。将反应液用SephadexG25凝胶柱脱盐纯化(洗脱相:pH为6.5的0.05M的PBS缓冲水溶液,含0.001M的EDTA),得到ADC的PBS缓冲液(5.0mg/mL,1.1mL),于4℃冷冻储存。UV-HPLC计算平均值:ADC1,n=7.2,ADC2,n=7.3。
实施例5抗体-药物偶联物(ADC-3,ADC-4,ADC-5,ADC-6)的制备
步骤1:化合物L-D-3,L-D-4,L-D-5,L-D-6的制备
向50mL单口瓶中加入L-1(76mg,0.12mmol,1.0eq)和化合物1保留时间较短的组分1-1(56mg,0.12mmol,1.0eq),NMI(50.6mg,0.62mmol,5.0eq)和DMF(2mL),搅拌均匀并冷却至0℃。向反应液中加入TCFH(41.5mg,0.1 5mmol,1.2eq),搅拌30min。LC-MS检测,反应完毕后,反应液经反相C18柱层析(MeCN/water=0~60%)纯化,收集得到两个馏分,保留时间较短的为L-D-3,保留时间较长的为L-D-4,目标馏分经冻干得黄色固体L-D-3(12mg)和L-D-4(9mg)。
按照上述操作,L-1与化合物1保留时间较长的组分1-1反应,然后制备分离得到两个馏分,保留时间较短的为L-D-5,保留时间较长的为L-D-6,分别获得10mg和8mg。
异构体MS均相同:1066.1[M+H]+,
步骤2ADC-3制备
在37℃条件下,向抗体Trastuzumab的PBS缓冲水溶液(pH=6.5的0.05的PBS缓冲水溶液;2.5mL,9.96mg/mL,0.168nmol)加入配置好的三(2-羧乙基)膦的水溶液(10mM,0.082mL),置于水浴振荡器,于37℃振荡反应3小时,停止反应;将反应液用水浴降温至25℃,稀释至5.0mg/mL。
将化合物L-D-3(2.02nmol)溶解于DMSO(0.10mL)中,加入到上述2.0mL溶液中,置于水浴振荡器,于25℃振荡反应3小时,停止反应。将反应液用SephadexG25凝胶柱脱盐纯化(洗脱相:pH为6.5的0.05M的PBS缓冲水溶液,含0.001M的EDTA),得到ADC的PBS缓冲液(5.0mg/mL,1.1mL),于4℃冷冻储存。UV-HPLC计算平均值:n=7.2。
按照相同的步骤制备ADC-4,ADC-5和ADC-6,n分别为7.2,7.2,7.3,7.4。
实施例6细胞抗增殖活性测定
本发明中的抗体-药物偶联物的活性可以通过测定小分子毒素高喜树碱衍生物的体外抗SK-BR-3和NCI-N87细胞增殖活性来测定。
SK-BR-3和NCI-N87细胞分别种植于384孔板(Fisher 142762)中,SK-BR-3每孔3000个,NCI-N87每孔5000个,第二日加入梯度稀释的化合物,加入化合物72h后,加入CellTiter-Lumi(碧云天C0068XL)测量细胞中ATP的含量,评价细胞生长的情况,计算化合物抑制细胞生长的相对IC50值,筛选结果见表6。
表5本发明化合物对SK-BR-3和NCI-N87细胞的抗增殖活性
和Exatecan相比,本发明化合物具有很强的体外抗SK-BR-3细胞增殖活性,尤其当通式(1)中X为S或O时,具有很强的抗细胞增殖活性,如化合物1-1活性比Exatecan提高了2倍。特别是本发明通式(1)化合物由于侧链中含有OH或NH2等便于连接的基团,同时具有很强的细胞活性,因此适合作为ADC的小分子毒素。
实施例7本发明抗体-药物偶联物的体外抗肿瘤活性
选择高表达HER2的SK-BR-3细胞作为本次实验体外活性检测用细胞株,用于评价本发明中的抗体-药物偶联物对细胞杀伤的量效情况。初步选择每种细胞的种板密度:1500-2000cells/孔,12小时后进行细胞毒活性测定;抗体-药物偶联物加样后终浓度设定10nM为起始浓度,设计系列浓度(3-10倍比稀释),观察144小时的杀伤,CellTiter-Glo@Luminescent Cell Viability Assay化学发光染色,读取荧光数据后计算IC50。
从活性测试结果看,所有的ADC均表现出一定的抗肿瘤活性,部分ADC的活性超过DS-8201a。
表6本发明抗体-药物偶联物对SK-BR-3细胞的抗增殖活性
样品 | IC50(nM) |
ADC-1 | 0.26 |
ADC-2 | 0.13 |
ADC-3 | 0.08 |
ADC-4 | 0.06 |
ADC-5 | 0.06 |
ADC-6 | 0.05 |
Exatecan | 0.73 |
DS-8201a | 0.09 |
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这些仅是举例说明,在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。因此,本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims (16)
1.一种如通式(1)所示的高喜树碱衍生物类化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物:
通式(1)中:
m为0、1或2的整数;
X选自-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-或-N(R4)-;
R3选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C1-3烷氧基取代C1-3烷基或C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自H、C1-6烷基或C1-6卤代烷基;
R5选自H、C1-6烷基或C3-6环烷基;
R6和R7独立地选自H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基或C3-6环烷基;或R6和R7与所相连的碳原子一起环合形成C3-6环烷基或4-7员杂环烷基;或R6和R5相连形成5-7员内酰胺环,R7选自H、C1-6烷基、C1-6卤代烷基或C3-6环烷基;
R8选自OH或NR9R10,R9和R10独立地选自H、C1-6烷基或C3-6环烷基;或R9和R10与所相连的N原子一起环合形成4-7员杂环烷基,所述4-7员杂环烷基是未被取代的,或被1-3个选自下列的基团所取代:C1-6烷基、卤素、OH、CN或NH2。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其中所述通式(1)中,R8为OH。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,其中所述通式(1)中,X选自-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-、-N(H)-或-N(Me)-;X优选为-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O2)-或-N(Me)-;X更优选为-S-、-S(O)-或-S(O2)-;X更优选为-S-。
12.一种如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的高喜树碱衍生物类化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物作为小分子毒素在抗体-药物偶联物的制备中的应用。
13.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,其含有药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体,以及如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的高喜树碱衍生物类化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物作为活性成分。
14.一种如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的高喜树碱衍生物类化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物,或如权利要求13所述的药物组合物在用于制备治疗癌症疾病的药物中的应用。
15.一种抗体-药物偶联物或其各立体异构体,其特征在于,所述抗体-药物偶联物包括抗体、小分子毒素和连接子;所述小分子毒素为如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的高喜树碱衍生物类化合物或其各异构体、各晶型、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物;和所述连接子通过共价键链接抗体和小分子毒素。
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