CN116252160A

CN116252160A - Sleeve type product machining tool and machining method

Info

Publication number: CN116252160A
Application number: CN202211635456.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘浩; 何小虎; 高峰; 刘波; 王小琪; 陈荣; 陈建华
Original assignee: Xian Aerospace Engine Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xian Aerospace Engine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-19
Filing date: 2022-12-19
Publication date: 2023-06-13

Abstract

The invention provides a sleeve product processing tool and a processing method, wherein the processing tool comprises the following steps: the device comprises a base, a mandrel and a gland. The 3 parts are all made of brass, so that the product cannot be scratched. The base plays a role in connecting and supporting the tool mandrel part and also plays a role in connecting products. The base is provided with three mounting holes which are matched with three positioning holes of the product correspondingly, the radial step circle of the base is parallel to the connecting line of the centers of two holes, and the other hole is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the axial rotation freedom degree of the sleeve. The mandrel comprises a step circle and threads at two ends, the threads at two ends are respectively used for being connected with the tool base and the gland, and the step shafts at two ends are tightly matched with the inner holes of the sleeve barrel to play a supporting role. The diameter of the middle section is smaller, and the chip can be used for chip removal when the chip is used as a lightening hole. The gland is fixed at the topmost end through the nut, the freedom degree of the sleeve in the axial direction is limited, the groove faces to the radial groove position of the sleeve, and interference between the gland and the cutter during processing is avoided.

Description

Sleeve type product machining tool and machining method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a sleeve product machining tool and a sleeve product machining method.

Background

The sleeve is a key part on a rocket engine of a certain model and is a connecting piece of the cabin body and the thrust chamber. The structure is shown in figure 1, the material is solid solution state stainless steel 1Cr18N19T1, and the existing processing flow is as follows: rough turning of inner shapes of the upper end and the lower end, finish turning of inner shapes of the upper end and the lower end, milling of one end flange, drilling of the other end flange, milling of a weight-reducing hole at 6 radial positions, milling of an axial groove, and insertion of a fitter deburring process in the middle. The existing processing flow has the following 5 defects:

1. the material is solid solution stainless steel, the material is difficult to process, the material removal amount is large, and the cutter is fast in abrasion.

2. The method is carried out in multiple working procedures, the processing period is long, and errors are caused by repeated clamping.

3. And after the large opening of the axial groove is processed, the stress is released, and the part is deformed.

4. The material removing allowance is large, the flanging burrs are large after processing, and the material is difficult to remove.

5. When milling the upper end flange journal stirrup, lower extreme cylinder thickness is only 4mm, clamping difficulty. And the mounting holes on the upper and lower flange lugs need to be aligned, so that the split processing is difficult to position.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor performs intensive research and provides a sleeve product processing tool and a processing method, and the processing of a flange support lug, a mounting hole, a lightening hole and an axial groove is completed by one-time clamping of one set of tool. The problems of large repeated positioning error and long preparation time are solved. The axial groove rough machining is carried out by adopting a cutting mode of sawing instead of milling, so that the defects of low cutting efficiency and quick cutter abrasion are overcome; the production efficiency is effectively improved, the product quality is ensured, and the invention is completed.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

in a first aspect of the present invention,

sleeve type product processing frock, sleeve type product includes: an upper flange, a lower flange and a sleeve portion; the processing tool comprises: the device comprises a base, a mandrel, a gland and a nut;

the bottom of the mandrel is fixedly connected with the base;

the sleeve part is sleeved outside the mandrel;

the lower flange is connected with the base;

the pressing cover is sleeved on the mandrel and is spliced with the upper flange;

the end of the mandrel is threaded with a nut to fix the axial position between the sleeve-like product and the mandrel.

Preferably, the gland is machined with an open slot; the opening direction of the opening groove corresponds to the axial groove position of the sleeve portion.

Preferably, a threaded shaft is machined at the bottom of the mandrel, and the mandrel is fixedly connected with the base through the threaded shaft.

Preferably, the mandrel is machined with an annular outward flange as a first step and a second step;

the first step and the second step are in interference fit with the inner hole of the sleeve part.

Preferably, the outer diameter of the cylindrical end between the first step and the second step is smaller than the inner hole of the sleeve part, and the cylindrical end is used for chip removal when the lightening hole is milled.

Preferably, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the end face of the base, and the mounting holes are connected with positioning holes in the lower flange through standard components.

Preferably, one of the mounting holes is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the rotational freedom of the sleeve portion in the axial direction.

In a second aspect of the present invention,

a method of machining a sleeve-like product using the tooling of the first aspect, comprising:

clamping the base by using a three-jaw chuck;

a mandrel is arranged on the base;

sleeving the sleeve part outside the mandrel, and connecting the lower flange with the base;

the pressing cover is sleeved on the mandrel and is spliced with the upper flange; the opening direction of the opening groove corresponds to the axial groove position of the sleeve part;

installing a nut so as to fix the axial position between the sleeve type product and the mandrel;

and processing the upper flange and the lower flange, and sequentially processing the lightening holes and the axial grooves on the sleeve part by a turnover machine tool.

Preferably, the axial groove is machined, in particular:

pre-drilling holes at the tail end of the axial groove by using a drill bit;

milling square groove-shaped openings at the pre-drilling positions by using an end mill;

cutting along the boundary line 1 and the boundary line 2 respectively to form an axial groove, wherein the boundary line 1 and the boundary line 2 are connected with two sides of the square groove-shaped opening;

and removing the intermediate material after cutting, and finishing the axial groove by using an end mill to finish the axial groove.

Preferably, the sawing is performed with the burrs turned out by means of counter milling.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1) The special fixture is designed, and the flange support lugs, the mounting holes, the lightening holes and the axial grooves of the stainless steel sleeve product are machined by one-time clamping. The tool can limit the axial movement and rotation of parts, and clamping is stable and reliable. The tool has an alignment function, and the position degree of the mounting holes of the upper flange and the lower flange is guaranteed.

2) The invention fully utilizes the functions of the five-axis machine tool, combines the previous three working procedures into one working procedure for processing, prevents errors caused by repeated clamping and alignment, reduces the preparation time and the turnover time, and improves the production efficiency.

3) The invention creates the preliminary drilling of the root of the axial groove of the product, then processes the 13x13XR3 square groove, adopts the cutting mode of sawing instead of milling to carry out the rough processing of the axial groove, is similar to the processing mode of linear cutting, and has small cutting force to effectively prevent the deformation of the product. The defects of low efficiency and rapid cutter abrasion of the traditional layered cutting are avoided, and the machining efficiency is improved.

4) Aiming at the processing of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti solid solution material thin-wall part, the method is applied to the processing of a batch of products in the sample stage, and the size and form and position tolerance of the processed part meet the design requirements. The deformation of the product is controlled within the range of 0.08mm, the traditional layered milling mode is replaced, and the number of tool wear replacement is reduced from 6 pieces/handle to 50 pieces/handle. The labor intensity is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved by more than 4 times. The method is solidified to the technical specification, and provides reference for processing similar products.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sleeve like product structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a mandrel;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a base;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gland;

FIG. 5 is an assembly view of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a base;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the base;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the portion of the product to be processed;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a blade milling cutter;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an axial slot;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the assembly of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a processing tool and a processing method of sleeve products, wherein the processing tool is designed according to the structural characteristics of the sleeve products, as shown in fig. 11, and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a base, a mandrel and a gland. The 3 parts are all made of brass, so that the product cannot be scratched. The base plays a role in connecting and supporting the tool mandrel part and also plays a role in connecting products. The base is provided with three mounting holes which are matched with three positioning holes of the product correspondingly, the radial step circle of the base is parallel to the connecting line of the centers of two holes, and the other hole is provided with a positioning pin for limiting the axial rotation freedom degree of the sleeve. The mandrel comprises a step circle and threads at two ends, the threads at two ends are respectively used for being connected with the tool base and the gland, and the step shafts at two ends are tightly matched with the inner holes of the sleeve barrel to play a supporting role. The diameter of the middle section is smaller, and the chip can be used for chip removal when the chip is used as a lightening hole. The gland is fixed at the topmost end through the nut, the freedom degree of the sleeve in the axial direction is limited, the groove faces to the radial groove position of the sleeve, and interference between the gland and the cutter during processing is avoided.

When the fixture is used, the fixture base is clamped by the three-jaw chuck, the fixture mandrel part is installed, then a sleeve product penetrates through the mandrel, three holes in the flange lugs of the product are positioned on the base, and finally the gland is installed for fastening. And after the tool base is installed, the radial step circle of the tool base can be processed.

Specifically, the sleeve product is shown in FIG. 1 as being comprised of an upper flange 14-1, a lower flange 14-2, a sleeve portion 15, a lightening hole 16 and an axial slot 17. The invention relates to a processing tool for sleeve products, which comprises the following components in part by weight as shown in figure 5: base 1, dabber 2, gland 3 and nut 4.

The base 1 is a stepped round rotary body structure as shown in fig. 6, a threaded hole 18 is machined at the axis position, three mounting holes are formed in a disc at the large end of the base 1, a first mounting hole 19, a second mounting hole 20 and a third mounting hole 21 are matched with three positioning holes of a product correspondingly, the axis B of the base 1 and the axis A of the first mounting hole 19 are parallel and are parallel to the axes of the second mounting hole 20 and the third mounting hole 21 simultaneously as shown in fig. 7, and the third mounting hole 21 is provided with a positioning pin limiting sleeve along the axial rotation freedom degree.

The mandrel is composed of two-end step circles and external threads as shown in fig. 2, the first external threads 22 and the second external threads 23 are respectively used for being connected with the base 1 and the gland 3, and the step circles at the two ends are in interference fit with the first step 24 and the second step 25 as shown in fig. 2 and the inner holes of the sleeve part 15, so that the mandrel plays a supporting role. The diameter between the first step 24 and the second step 25 is smaller than the bore diameter of the inner bore of the sleeve part 15, and the diameter can be used for chip removal during milling of the lightening hole.

The gland 3 is of a disc structure as shown in fig. 4, an open slot 28 is formed in the gland 3, the gland 3 is fixed to the topmost end of a product through the cooperation of the nut 4 and the mandrel 2 as shown in fig. 5, a small end portion 29 of the gland 3 is installed towards the direction of the product and is in clearance fit with an inner hole of the product, the freedom degree of the sleeve portion 15 along the axial direction is limited, the opening direction of the open slot 28 faces the position of the axial slot 17 of the sleeve portion 15, and interference between the gland and a cutter during machining is avoided.

The radius of the large end disc on the base 1 is not smaller than that of the flange 14-1 on the product.

A processing method of a sleeve product comprises the steps of installing a small plane (shown in figure 3) of a base of an alignment tool, and finally installing a gland fastener. The body of the rotator sleeve is turned first and then milled as shown in fig. 1 as upper flange 14-1, lower flange 14-2, lightening hole 16, and axial groove 17. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, clamping a base 1 by using a three-jaw chuck, wherein a large-end disc of the base 1 faces upwards;

step 2, installing a mandrel 2 on the base 1 through a first external thread 22;

step 3, enabling the part of the lower flange 14-2, which faces the large end disc of the base 1, to pass through the mandrel 2, enabling three holes on the lower flange 14-2 of the product to correspond to three mounting holes of the base 1 one by one, finding out positioning holes on the bottom end face of the lower flange 14-2 corresponding to the third mounting holes 21, and mounting positioning pins; because the upper end and the lower end of the product are fixed by the tool, 5 degrees of freedom of the product are limited, and the product is limited to axially rotate around the tool by only one positioning pin.

Step 4, mounting the gland 3 with the small end portion 29 of the gland 3 facing in the product direction and the slot 28 facing in the axial slot 17 position. A nut 4 is installed to fasten the gland 3 to the product.

The processing procedure is carried out on the device of a Mickey five-axis processing center UCP 800. The upper flange 14-1 and the lower flange 14-2 of the product are firstly machined, then the cradle part of the machine tool A-axis machine tool workbench is turned over and the C axis is rotated, and the weight reducing holes 16, the other five weight reducing holes 16 and the axial grooves 17 shown in figure 1 are sequentially machined.

In the process of machining the axial groove 17, as shown in fig. 8 and 10, a drill is used to pre-drill the tail end of the axial groove 17

Then milling 13X13, 4-R3 square groove-shaped openings at the pre-drilling positions by using an end mill. To facilitate subsequent milling with saw bladesAs shown in fig. 9, the knife was cut by feeding along the boundary lines 1 and 2 in fig. 10 by "saw milling" and was connected to both the left and right sides R3 of the upper edge line of the 13×13 square groove. Because the material is stainless steel and has good plasticity, certain residual metal is still left at two R3 positions of the upper edge line of the 13X13 square groove after sawing and is not completely cut, intermediate materials after cutting need to be removed by manual operation, such as clamping the excessive parts which need to be removed by pliers, and dragging the parts which are not completely cut off. When the saw blade milling cutter is used for processing, the burrs are turned outwards in a reverse milling mode, and the difficulty of deburring is reduced. Finally, the axial groove 17 is finished with an end mill.

The saw milling is used as the original technology of the invention, because the saw blade milling cutter is generally used for cutting bar stock or processing groove-shaped parts, the processing method adopts a linear cutting mode to cut products by a linear feeding route, and removes excessive allowance.

The invention improves and provides a reference thought for high-efficiency and high-quality processing of sleeve-like parts, and can be popularized in the production of similar products. The processing data of the single product before and after the application of the invention are as follows:

the invention has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Sleeve type product processing frock, sleeve type product includes: an upper flange (14-1), a lower flange (14-2) and a sleeve portion (15); the processing tool is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a base (1), a mandrel (2), a gland (3) and a nut (4);

the bottom of the mandrel (2) is fixedly connected with the base (1);

the sleeve part (15) is sleeved outside the mandrel (2);

the lower flange (14-2) is connected with the base (1);

the gland (3) is sleeved on the mandrel (2) and is spliced with the upper flange (14-1);

the end of the mandrel (2) is connected with the nut (4) in a threaded way, so that the axial position between the sleeve type product and the mandrel (2) is fixed.

2. A sleeve product processing tool according to claim 1, wherein the gland (3) is processed with an open slot (28); the opening direction of the opening groove (28) corresponds to the position of the axial groove (17) of the sleeve part (15).

3. The sleeve product machining tool according to claim 1, wherein a threaded shaft is machined at the bottom of the mandrel (2), and the mandrel (2) is fixedly connected with the base (1) through the threaded shaft.

4. A sleeve-like product machining tool according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular outward flange is machined on the mandrel (2) as a first step (24) and a second step (25);

the first step (24) and the second step (25) are in interference fit with the inner hole of the sleeve part (15).

5. A tooling for machining sleeve-like products according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer diameter of the cylindrical end between the first step (24) and the second step (25) is smaller than the inner bore of the sleeve part (15) for chip removal during the milling of the lightening hole (16).

6. The sleeve product processing tool according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the end face of the base (1), and the mounting holes are connected with positioning holes in the lower flange (14-2) through standard components.

7. A tooling for machining sleeve-like products according to claim 6, wherein one of the mounting holes is provided with a locating pin for limiting the freedom of rotation of the sleeve portion (15) in the axial direction.

8. A method of processing a sleeve-like product using the processing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:

clamping the base (1) by using a three-jaw chuck;

a mandrel (2) is arranged on the base (1);

sleeving the sleeve part (15) outside the mandrel (2), and connecting the lower flange (14-2) with the base (1);

the gland (3) is sleeved on the mandrel (2) and is spliced with the upper flange (14-1); the opening direction of the opening groove (28) corresponds to the position of the axial groove (17) of the sleeve part (15);

installing a nut (4) so as to fix the axial position between the sleeve-type product and the mandrel (2);

the upper flange (14-1) and the lower flange (14-2) are machined, and the turning machine sequentially machines the weight-reducing holes (16) and the axial grooves (17) on the sleeve part (15).

9. A method for machining a sleeve-like product according to claim 8, characterized in that the axial groove (17) is machined, in particular:

pre-drilling holes at the end of the axial slots (17) using a drill bit;

cutting along the boundary line 1 and the boundary line 2 respectively to form an axial groove (17), wherein the boundary line 1 and the boundary line 2 are connected with two sides of the square groove-shaped opening;

and removing the intermediate material after cutting, and finishing the axial groove (17) by using an end mill to finish the axial groove (17).

10. A method of manufacturing a sleeve-like product according to claim 9, wherein the sawing is performed by turning the burrs out by means of counter milling.