CN116408469A - Knurling tool chuck, knurling device and machining method for shaft parts - Google Patents

Knurling tool chuck, knurling device and machining method for shaft parts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116408469A
CN116408469A CN202310190254.3A CN202310190254A CN116408469A CN 116408469 A CN116408469 A CN 116408469A CN 202310190254 A CN202310190254 A CN 202310190254A CN 116408469 A CN116408469 A CN 116408469A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
knurling
chuck
tool
shaft
lathe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310190254.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐练光
安玉松
李晓旭
吴本兴
刘川
杨明
高原传奇
李红毅
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Sichuan Aerospace Liaoyuan Technology Co ltd
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Sichuan Aerospace Liaoyuan Technology Co ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Sichuan Aerospace Liaoyuan Technology Co ltd filed Critical Sichuan Aerospace Liaoyuan Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202310190254.3A priority Critical patent/CN116408469A/en
Publication of CN116408469A publication Critical patent/CN116408469A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/24—Tool holders for a plurality of cutting tools, e.g. turrets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
    • B23P9/02—Treating or finishing by applying pressure, e.g. knurling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/72—Auxiliary arrangements; Interconnections between auxiliary tables and movable machine elements
    • B23Q1/76—Steadies; Rests
    • B23Q1/763—Rotating steadies or rests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/72—Auxiliary arrangements; Interconnections between auxiliary tables and movable machine elements
    • B23Q1/76—Steadies; Rests
    • B23Q1/766—Steadies or rests moving together with the tool support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a knurling tool chuck for shaft parts, a knurling device and a processing method, wherein the knurling device comprises: lathe main body, main shaft chuck, knurling tool chuck, movable tool rest, lathe tailstock and center; the knurling tool chuck is arranged on the tool rest, and the slender shaft part to be knurled passes through the knurling tool chuck and is clamped by the main shaft chuck, so that the lathe tailstock is pushed, and the center abuts against the tail end of the part. According to the processing method and device, knurling processing of the slender shaft type part can be completed through one-time clamping, meanwhile, according to the shorter part, the long rod material can be cut off after the knurling processing is performed in advance through the long rod material preparation, time waste caused by repeated clamping and debugging is avoided, the processing efficiency is improved, and the quality stability is improved.

Description

Knurling tool chuck, knurling device and machining method for shaft parts
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a knurling tool chuck for shaft parts, a knurling device and a knurling method.
Background
In order to meet the appearance factors and meet the use requirements in the field of machining, knurling processing is often required on the outer circumferential surface of a part, and particularly, an slender shaft part is encountered, and in general, a part with a length-to-diameter ratio of more than 16 can be called a slender shaft part. The traditional common excircle knurling is adopted to process slender shaft parts, so that the requirement of uniform depth of drawings cannot be met, and even the slender shaft parts cannot be processed. Moreover, the common outer circle knurling is completed by using a knurling cutter in combination with a lathe, so that time is wasted in each clamping adjustment and tool setting operation, and the efficiency is low; the extrusion force of the knurling processing is too large, so that the rigidity of the shaft is insufficient to lead to bending of the cutter, the final knurling depth is uneven, and even the workpiece is excessively bent and deformed to be scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention comprises the following technical problems: the problems that knurling cannot be performed due to bending of an slender shaft part and the processing efficiency of a traditional method is low are solved, and the problems that the knurling tool chuck, the knurling device and the knurling method for the shaft part are used for avoiding the situation that the final knurling depth is uneven and even a workpiece is scrapped due to excessive bending deformation caused by insufficient rigidity of the shaft due to too large extrusion force of knurling are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a knurling tool chuck for shaft parts comprises N claw knurling tools, a fixed support and a chuck, wherein N is more than or equal to 3;
the fixed support comprises a turning tool handle and a mounting disc, one end of the turning tool handle is used for being fixedly connected to a movable tool rest of the lathe, the other end of the turning tool handle is fixedly connected with the mounting disc, the mounting disc is fixedly connected with the chuck, through holes are formed in the centers of the mounting disc and the chuck and are marked as center holes, the center holes of the mounting disc and the chuck are coaxial, N centripetal clamping grooves are formed in the chuck in the radial direction, the clamping grooves are uniformly distributed, and N claw knurling tools are embedded and mounted in the clamping grooves and can move along the clamping grooves of the chuck at the same time; during knurling, the shaft part sequentially passes through the central holes of the chuck and the mounting plate, N claw knurling tools act on the outer circular surface of the shaft part together, the shaft part is extruded, and knurling is performed on the shaft part.
Preferably, the claw knurling tool comprises a claw clip, a knurling tool wheel, a fixing pin and a clamping spring;
the claw clip is embedded in the clamping groove, and the bottom of the claw clip is matched with the clamping groove in the chuck and can move along the clamping groove of the chuck;
the one end of claw card is equipped with U type groove, and the center of chuck is aimed at to the opening direction in U type groove, and the knurling cutter wheel passes through fixed pin and jump ring to be installed on claw U type groove, can rotate around the fixed pin, and the central axis of fixed pin is parallel with chuck centre bore axis for the rotation surface of knurling cutter wheel is perpendicular with the axle type part central axis in the chuck centre bore, and during the knurling processing, the knurling of knurling cutter wheel and axle type part line contact, and the contact line is parallel with axle type part central axis.
Preferably, the sizes of the U-shaped groove and the fixing pin are matched with the size of the knurling cutter wheel, and the tail end of the fixing pin is clamped and fixed through a clamp spring.
Preferably, the chuck consists of a disk body, 1 large bevel gear and 3 bevel gears;
the disc body is of a circular groove structure, a central through hole of the large bevel gear is sleeved on the inner ring of the disc body and falls into the circular groove structure, and the large bevel gear is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the disc body and can drive the inner ring of the disc body to rotate; one surface of the large bevel gear is provided with a bevel gear, M gear holes are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the disc body, each gear hole is used for correspondingly installing one bevel gear, the bevel gear is matched with the bevel gear of the large bevel gear, and any bevel gear can drive the large bevel gear to rotate by rotating; the other side of the large bevel gear is provided with a spiral gear, the bottom of the claw knurling tool claw clamp is sequentially provided with gear sections matched with the spiral gear along the radial direction of the chuck, and the large bevel gear can drive the claw knurling tool to approach or disperse simultaneously, wherein M is more than or equal to 1.
Preferably, the lathe tool handle is welded with the mounting disc.
Preferably, the mounting plate central aperture is greater than or equal to the chuck central aperture.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a knurling device for shaft parts comprises a lathe, a movable tool rest and a knurling tool chuck;
the knurling tool chuck is fixedly connected to a movable tool rest of the lathe through a lathe tool handle, and a mounting disc and a central hole of the knurling tool chuck are overlapped with the central axis of a main shaft chuck of the lathe; during knurling, one end of the shaft part is fixed at the output end of a main shaft chuck of the lathe, the other end of the shaft part sequentially penetrates through center holes of the chuck and the mounting disc, N claw knurling tools on the knurling tool chuck act on the outer circular surface of the shaft part together, the shaft part is extruded, and knurling processing is carried out on the shaft part.
The invention also provides a technical scheme that: a knurling processing method of shaft parts comprises the following steps:
clamping the knurling tool chuck on the movable tool rest so that the center of the knurling tool chuck coincides with the central axis of the main shaft chuck of the lathe;
clamping one end of a shaft part on a main shaft chuck of a lathe, opening a claw knurling tool on a knurling tool chuck, adjusting the position of a knurling tool rest, enabling the knurling tool chuck to penetrate through the shaft part and push through a tailstock of the lathe, and enabling a tailstock center of the lathe to prop against the center position of the tail end of the shaft part;
adjusting the position of the knurling tool chuck: after the clamping of the shaft parts is finished, starting a lathe spindle to enable a spindle chuck to run, moving a knurling tool rest to be close to the spindle chuck, adjusting claw knurling tools of a knurling tool chuck by using a chuck wrench until knurling tool wheels of the claw knurling tools squeeze the shaft parts, and forming required patterns on the surfaces of the shaft parts;
after the positions of the knurling tools are regulated, starting an automatic feed mode of the lathe to enable the machined outer circular surface to form required patterns, wherein the unprocessed outer circular surface is a smooth surface;
when the knurling tool chuck automatically walks to the tail preset position, the automatic lathe feed mode is closed, the jaws of the knurling tool chuck are opened, after the knurling tool wheel is separated from contact with the shaft parts, the operation of the spindle chuck is stopped, the tailstock center of the lathe is loosened, the tailstock is retracted, and the machined shaft parts are detached.
Preferably, the knurling is performed in a direction from the spindle end to the tailstock end.
The invention also provides a knurling processing method of the shaft part, which is applied to the short shaft part with the length smaller than the minimum distance between the knurling tool chuck and the main shaft chuck, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, knurling processing is carried out on a bar stock of the long-axis part according to the method;
s2, cutting off the long bar material after knurling to obtain the short shaft type part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the rough material of the shaft part to be knurled is supported by the knurling tool chuck, so that the part clamping is reliable and is not bent, and the problems that the final knurling depth is uneven and even the workpiece is excessively bent and deformed to be scrapped due to bending and yielding caused by insufficient rigidity of the shaft due to too large knurling extrusion force are solved.
(2) The invention can finish clamping and knurling of shaft parts at one time, avoids time waste caused by repeated clamping and debugging, and greatly improves the processing efficiency and the processing quality.
(3) According to the processing method and the processing device, when the shorter part is processed by pre-knurling the long bar stock, the processing method and the processing device can finish clamping knurling once and then cut off, so that time waste caused by repeated clamping and debugging is avoided, and the processing efficiency and the processing quality are greatly improved.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a knurled tool chuck in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 1 (b) is a front view of a knurling tool chuck in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 1 (c) is a side view of a knurling tool chuck in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a jaw knurling tool of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a top view of a jaw knurling tool of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 (c) is a side view of a jaw knurling tool of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of an assembly of a three jaw chuck with a three jaw knurling tool in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is an exploded view of the three jaw chuck and three jaw knurling tool assembly of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a knurling device for shaft parts according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a knurling operation of a shaft-type part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a processing section of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 (a) to 1 (c), the shaft part knurling tool chuck provided by the invention comprises N claw knurling tools 41, a fixed support 42, a chuck 43 and a chuck wrench 44, wherein N is more than or equal to 3;
the fixed support 42 comprises a turning tool handle 421 and a mounting disc 422, one end of the turning tool handle 421 is used for being fixedly connected to a movable tool rest 5 of a lathe, the other end of the turning tool handle 421 is fixedly connected with the mounting disc 422, the mounting disc 422 is fixedly connected with the chuck 43, through holes are formed in the centers of the mounting disc 422 and the chuck 43 and are marked as center holes, the center holes of the mounting disc 422 and the chuck 43 are coaxial, N centripetal clamping grooves are formed in the chuck 43 in the radial direction, the clamping grooves are uniformly distributed, and N claw knurling tools 41 are embedded and mounted in the clamping grooves and can move along the clamping grooves of the chuck 43 at the same time; during knurling, the shaft part sequentially passes through the central holes of the chuck 43 and the mounting disc 422, and the N claw knurling tools 41 act on the outer circular surface of the shaft part together to squeeze the shaft part, so that the shaft part is knurled. The fixed support 42 is screwed with the chuck 43. In this embodiment, N is 3. The chuck 43 is a three-jaw chuck, and three centripetal clamping grooves are radially formed in the chuck 43 and distributed at 120 degrees.
As shown in fig. 2 (a) to 2 (c), the jaw knurling tool 41 includes a jaw, a knurling tool wheel 411, a fixing pin 412, and a clamp spring 413;
the claw clip is embedded in the clamping groove, and the bottom of the claw clip is matched with the clamping groove in the chuck 43 and can move along the clamping groove of the chuck 43;
one end of the claw card is provided with a U-shaped groove, the opening direction of the U-shaped groove is aligned with the center of the chuck 43, the knurling cutter wheel 411 is installed on the U-shaped groove of the claw 41 through a fixing pin 412 and a clamping spring 413, the knurling cutter wheel 411 can rotate around the fixing pin 412, the central axis of the fixing pin 412 is parallel to the central hole axis of the chuck 43, the rotating surface of the knurling cutter wheel 411 is perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft part in the central hole of the chuck 43, and during knurling, knurling of the knurling cutter wheel 411 is in line contact with the shaft part, and the contact line is parallel to the central axis of the shaft part. The shape and the size of the knurling tool wheel 411 on the knurling tool 41 are required to be consistent with the requirements of knurling drawings of the shaft part to be processed; the knurling tool wheel is a standard part, the sizes of the U-shaped groove and the fixing pin 412 are matched with those of the knurling tool wheel, and the clamping spring at the tail end of the fixing pin shaft is clamped and fixed.
As shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the chuck 43 is composed of a disk body 431, an end cover, 1 large bevel gear 432 and M bevel teeth 433, M is greater than or equal to 1;
the disk body 431 is of a circular groove structure, a central through hole of the large bevel gear 432 is sleeved on the inner ring of the disk body 431 and falls into the circular groove structure, an end cover is covered, and the large bevel gear 432 is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the disk body 431 and can drive the inner ring of the disk body 431 to rotate; one surface of the large bevel gear 432 is provided with a bevel gear, M gear holes are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the disk body 431, each gear hole is used for correspondingly mounting one bevel gear 433, the bevel gear 433 is matched with the bevel gear of the large bevel gear 432, and any bevel gear 433 can drive the large bevel gear 432 to rotate when rotating; the other side of the large bevel gear 432 is provided with a spiral gear, the bottom of the claw knurling tool 41 is sequentially provided with gear sections matched with the spiral gear along the radial direction of the chuck 43, and the rotation of the large bevel gear 432 can drive the claw knurling tool 41 to approach or disperse simultaneously. In one embodiment of the invention, M is 3.
The top of the bevel gear 433 is provided with a square hole, the chuck wrench 44 is matched with the bevel gear 433 through the square hole, the bevel gear 433 is inserted into any gear hole of the disk body 431, the chuck wrench 44 is inserted into the square hole of the bevel gear 433, the handle of the chuck wrench 44 is rotated, the bevel gear 433 drives the large bevel gear 432 to rotate, and the jaw knurling tool 41 is driven to approach or scatter simultaneously through the rotation of the threads on the other surface of the large bevel gear 432, so that a self-centering effect is achieved.
In order to make the structure of the fixing support 42 more firm, the lathe tool shank 421 is welded with the mounting plate 422.
In order to ensure that the shaft part 3 can smoothly pass through the knurling tool chuck 4, the central hole of the mounting disc 422 is larger than or equal to the central hole of the chuck 43.
The knurling tool chuck 4 is mainly formed by modifying a chuck on the market, and is correspondingly adjusted according to the size of the chuck 43 on the market.
Based on the shaft part knurling tool chuck, the invention also provides a shaft part knurling device, which comprises a lathe, a movable tool rest 5 and the knurling tool chuck 4, as shown in fig. 4;
the knurling tool chuck 4 is fixedly connected to the movable tool rest 5 of the lathe through the lathe tool handle 421, and the central holes of the mounting disc 422 and the chuck 43 on the knurling tool chuck 4 are coincident with the central axis of the main shaft chuck 2 of the lathe 1; during knurling, one end of the shaft part is fixed at the output end of the spindle chuck 2 of the lathe 1, the other end of the shaft part passes through the central holes of the chuck 43 and the mounting disc 422 in sequence, N claw knurling tools 41 on the knurling tool chuck 4 act on the outer circular surface of the shaft part together to squeeze the shaft part, and the knurling is performed on the shaft part.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the present invention further provides a method for knurling shaft parts, which includes the following steps:
clamping the knurling tool chuck 4 on the movable tool rest 5 so that the center of the knurling tool chuck 4 coincides with the central axis of the main shaft chuck 2 of the lathe 1;
step two, clamping one end of the shaft part 3 on a main shaft chuck 2 of the lathe 1, opening N claw knurling tools 41 on a knurling tool chuck 4, adjusting the positions of knurling tool holders 5, enabling the knurling tool chuck 4 to penetrate through the shaft part 3 and push through a tailstock 6 of the lathe, and enabling a tailstock 6 center 7 of the lathe to prop against the center position of the tail end of the shaft part 3;
step three adjusting the position of the knurling tool chuck 4: after the clamping of the shaft part 3 is finished, starting a lathe spindle, enabling the spindle chuck 2 to run, moving the knurling tool rest 5 to a safe position close to the spindle chuck 2, adjusting N claw knurling tools 41 of the knurling tool chuck 4 by using a chuck wrench 44 until the knurling tool wheels 411 of the N claw knurling tools 41 squeeze the shaft part 3, and forming a pattern 31 required by a drawing on the surface of the shaft part 3; the safe position is a position which is 1-2mm away from the spindle chuck.
Step four, after the position of the knurling tool is adjusted, starting an automatic feed mode of the lathe to enable the machined outer circular surface to form a pattern 31 required by a drawing, wherein the unprocessed outer circular surface is a smooth surface 32; the knurling machining direction is from the main shaft end to the tailstock end.
And fifthly, when the knurling tool chuck 4 automatically walks to a tail preset position, closing an automatic lathe feed mode, opening the jaws 41 of the knurling tool chuck 4, stopping the operation of the spindle chuck 2 after the knurling tool wheel 411 is separated from the shaft part 31, loosening the center 7 of the tailstock 6 of the lathe, retracting the tailstock 6, and detaching the machined shaft part 31. Preferably, the tail preset position is generally 5-10 mm away from the tail end face of the off-axis part 3.
Short parts, especially short shaft parts with length smaller than the minimum distance between the knurling tool chuck and the main shaft chuck, are produced, and are firstly prepared according to the long shaft type, and then cut off. Thus, the knurling method for the short shaft type part comprises the steps of:
s1, knurling processing is carried out on a bar stock of the long-axis part according to the method;
s2, cutting off the long bar material after knurling to obtain the short shaft type part with the length meeting the requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the rough material is supported by the knurling tool chuck, so that the clamping of the part is reliable and is not bent; by using the processing method, the problems that the final knurling depth is uneven and even the workpiece is excessively bent and deformed to be scrapped due to insufficient rigidity of the shaft due to overlarge knurling extrusion force are solved; the processing method solves the problem that the slender shaft part cannot be knurled; by using the processing method, when short parts are processed by pre-knurling with long bar stock, the processing method and the processing device can finish clamping knurling once and then cut off, thereby avoiding time waste caused by repeated clamping and debugging and greatly improving the processing efficiency and the processing quality.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and common changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The shaft part knurling tool chuck is characterized by comprising N claw knurling tools (41), a fixed support (42) and a chuck (43), wherein N is more than or equal to 3;
the fixed support (42) comprises a turning tool handle (421) and a mounting disc (422), one end of the turning tool handle (421) is used for being fixedly connected to a movable tool rest (5) of a lathe, the other end of the turning tool handle is fixedly connected with the mounting disc (422), the mounting disc (422) is fixedly connected with a chuck (43), through holes are formed in the centers of the mounting disc (422) and the chuck (43) and are marked as center holes, the center holes of the mounting disc (422) and the chuck (43) are coaxial, N centripetal clamping grooves are formed in the chuck (43) in the radial direction, the clamping grooves are uniformly distributed, and N claw knurling tools (41) are embedded and mounted in the clamping grooves and can move along the clamping grooves of the chuck (43) at the same time; during knurling, the shaft part sequentially passes through the central holes of the chuck (43) and the mounting disc (422), N claw knurling tools (41) act on the outer circular surface of the shaft part together, the shaft part is extruded, and knurling is performed on the shaft part.
2. A shaft-like part knurling tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that the jaw knurling tool (41) comprises a jaw, a knurling tool wheel (411), a fixing pin (412), a snap spring (413);
the claw clip is embedded in the clamping groove, the bottom of the claw clip is matched with the clamping groove in the chuck (43), and the claw clip can move along the clamping groove of the chuck (43);
one end of claw card is equipped with U type groove, the center of chuck (43) is aimed at to the opening direction in U type groove, knurling cutter wheel (411) are installed on claw (41) U type groove through fixed pin (412) and jump ring (413), can rotate around fixed pin (412), the central axis of fixed pin (412) is parallel with chuck (43) centre bore axis for the rotation plane of knurling cutter wheel (411) is perpendicular with the axle type part central axis in chuck (43) centre bore, during the knurling, the knurling of knurling cutter wheel (411) and axle type part line contact, the contact line is parallel with axle type part central axis.
3. A knurling tool chuck for shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that the dimensions of the U-shaped groove and the fixing pin (412) are matched to the dimensions of the knurling tool wheel (411), the fixing pin ends being clamped by means of a clamping spring.
4. A spindle-like part knurling tool chuck according to claim 2, characterized in that said chuck (43) consists of a disk body (431), 1 large bevel gear (432) and 3 bevel teeth (433);
the disc body (431) is of a circular groove structure, a central through hole of the large bevel gear (432) is sleeved on the inner ring of the disc body (431) and falls into the circular groove structure, and the large bevel gear (432) is fixedly connected with the inner ring of the disc body (431) and can drive the inner ring of the disc body (431) to rotate; one surface of the big bevel gear (432) is provided with a bevel gear, M gear holes are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the disc body (431), each gear hole is used for correspondingly installing one bevel gear (433), the bevel gear (433) is matched with the bevel gear of the big bevel gear (432), and any bevel gear (433) can drive the big bevel gear (432) to rotate when rotating; the other side of the big bevel gear (432) is provided with a spiral gear, the bottom of the claw clamp of the claw knurling tool (41) is sequentially provided with gear sections matched with the spiral gear along the radial direction of the chuck (43), and the rotation of the big bevel gear (432) can drive the claw knurling tool (41) to approach or disperse simultaneously, wherein M is more than or equal to 1.
5. A knurling tool chuck for shaft-like parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the turning tool shank (421) is welded to a mounting disc (422).
6. A knurled tool chuck for shaft-like parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the central hole of the mounting disc (422) is larger than or equal to the central hole of the chuck (43).
7. A knurling device for shaft parts, characterized by comprising a lathe, a mobile blade holder (5), and a knurling tool chuck (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
the knurling tool chuck (4) is fixedly connected to a movable tool rest (5) of the lathe through a lathe tool handle (421), and the central axes of a mounting disc (422) and a chuck (43) on the knurling tool chuck (4) are coincident with the central axis of a main shaft chuck (2) of the lathe (1); during knurling, one end of the shaft part is fixed at the output end of a main shaft chuck (2) of a lathe (1), the other end of the shaft part sequentially passes through central holes of a chuck (43) and a mounting disc (422), N claw knurling tools (41) on a knurling tool chuck (4) act on the outer circular surface of the shaft part together, the shaft part is extruded, and knurling is performed on the shaft part.
8. A method of knurling shaft-like parts using the apparatus of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
clamping the knurling tool chuck (4) on the movable tool rest (5) so that the center of the knurling tool chuck (4) coincides with the central axis of the main shaft chuck (2) of the lathe (1);
clamping one end of a shaft part (3) on a main shaft chuck (2) of a lathe (1), opening a claw knurling tool (41) on a knurling tool chuck (4), adjusting the position of a knurling tool rest (5), enabling the knurling tool chuck (4) to penetrate through the shaft part (3) and push through a tailstock (6) of the lathe, and enabling a center (7) of the tailstock (6) of the lathe to prop against the center of the tail end of the shaft part (3);
adjusting the position of the knurling tool chuck (4): after the clamping of the shaft part (3) is finished, starting a lathe spindle, operating a spindle chuck (2), moving a knurling tool rest (5) to be close to the spindle chuck (2), and adjusting N claw knurling tools (41) of a knurling tool chuck (4) by using a chuck wrench (44) until the knurling tool wheels (411) of the claw knurling tools (41) squeeze the shaft part (3), and forming a required pattern (31) on the surface of the shaft part (3);
after the positions of the knurling tools are regulated, starting an automatic feed mode of a lathe to enable the machined outer circular surface to form a required pattern (31), wherein the unprocessed outer circular surface is a smooth surface (32);
when the knurling tool chuck (4) automatically walks to a tail preset position, an automatic lathe feed mode is closed, the clamping jaws (41) of the knurling tool chuck (4) are opened, after the knurling tool wheel (411) is separated from the shaft part (31), the spindle chuck (2) is stopped, the center (7) of the tailstock (6) of the lathe is loosened, the tailstock (6) is retracted, and the machined shaft part (31) is detached.
9. The knurling method of a shaft-like component according to claim 8, wherein the knurling direction is from a spindle end to a tailstock end.
10. The method for knurling shaft parts according to claim 8, characterized in that it is applied to short shaft parts having a length smaller than the minimum distance between the knurling tool chuck (4) and the spindle chuck (2), comprising the following specific steps:
the method of claim 8, wherein the long shaft part bar is subjected to knurling;
cutting off the long bar material after knurling to obtain the short shaft type part.
CN202310190254.3A 2023-03-02 2023-03-02 Knurling tool chuck, knurling device and machining method for shaft parts Pending CN116408469A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310190254.3A CN116408469A (en) 2023-03-02 2023-03-02 Knurling tool chuck, knurling device and machining method for shaft parts

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117548697A (en) * 2024-01-12 2024-02-13 四川吉埃智能科技有限公司 Turning robot for shaft workpieces and operation method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117548697A (en) * 2024-01-12 2024-02-13 四川吉埃智能科技有限公司 Turning robot for shaft workpieces and operation method
CN117548697B (en) * 2024-01-12 2024-03-19 四川吉埃智能科技有限公司 Turning robot for shaft workpieces and operation method

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