CN116247244A - Shutdown control method and system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Shutdown control method and system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 300
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
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- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a shutdown control method and a shutdown control system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In the shutdown process, hydrogen of the cell stack anode is continuously consumed, oxygen is continuously consumed by the cell stack cathode to generate nitrogen-rich waste gas, the generated nitrogen-rich waste gas is sent to the cell stack anode, no additional nitrogen supplementing equipment is needed, the shutdown state that the cell stack anode and the cathode are filled with nitrogen can be realized, the performance attenuation and mechanical damage of the fuel cell stack caused by unbalanced pressure on two sides of a membrane electrode are reduced, the output voltage and the output current change of the fuel cell are controlled to be positioned on a preset shutdown characteristic curve based on the shutdown characteristic curve, the output voltage of the cell stack can be automatically reduced along with the reduction of the output performance, meanwhile, the situation that the output current is overlarge due to the fact that the output voltage is reduced too fast is avoided, the rapid abrupt change of the potential of the membrane electrode is avoided, the damage of the membrane electrode is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a shutdown control method and a shutdown control system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are a type of power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of a fuel (e.g., hydrogen) into electrical energy. The fuel cell can continuously output electric energy and heat energy as long as the fuel and the oxidant are continuously supplied. The power generation device has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, low noise, zero emission and the like.
During the shutdown process of the fuel cell stack, the anode of the fuel cell stack continuously consumes residual hydrogen until the hydrogen is exhausted, at this time, the air cavity is still at standard atmospheric pressure, the hydrogen cavity is isolated from the outside to form negative pressure, and meanwhile, the air in the air cavity at one side of the membrane electrode gradually diffuses to the hydrogen cavity at the other side of the membrane electrode until the pressure is balanced due to the relation of pressure gradient and concentration difference. Firstly, a hydrogen-air interface is easy to form, reverse current and high potential are generated, corrosion of a catalyst on a catalytic layer is caused, and performance of the fuel cell stack is accelerated to be attenuated; secondly, the membrane electrode is subjected to external force action due to different pressures at two sides, and mechanical damage is easy to form for a long time. In order to avoid damage to the fuel cell stack caused by the hydrogen-air interface and negative pressure and to improve the service life of the fuel cell stack, it is preferable to protect the fuel cell stack with an inert gas, typically nitrogen.
In a fuel cell system of a nitrogen-free device in the prior art, excessive hydrogen is directly introduced into a pile anode to consume oxygen in cathode air and seal the cathode when the pile anode is shut down, but a large amount of hydrogen is consumed as a result of the operation, so that hydrogen is wasted, the driving range is reduced, and excessive hydrogen is in a loop, so that leakage and accumulation of the excessive hydrogen can greatly affect the safety problem.
Another fuel cell system with an external nitrogen purge valve in the prior art uses a nitrogen cylinder to purge the stack anode of the fuel cell through a quick-plug one-way nitrogen purge valve after pressure reduction, but the problem of adding nitrogen filling equipment additionally for supplementing nitrogen is caused.
In the prior art, nitrogen is purified from air by adopting a nitrogen generator, and the nitrogen generator is used for protecting the stack anode after shutdown, but the nitrogen generator is large in volume, complex in system, high in cost, difficult in technology and unfavorable for practical utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the application is to provide a shutdown control method and a shutdown control system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which are used for solving the problems of high cost and large occupied volume caused by adding extra equipment in a scheme of filling nitrogen into a galvanic pile anode in the prior art.
The shutdown control method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:
according to the shutdown instruction, controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin point when a shutdown instruction is acquired;
stopping supplying hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile, and enabling the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile to continue to react until the residual hydrogen is consumed;
and (3) in the process of continuing the reaction of the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile until the residual hydrogen is consumed, sending the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to the corresponding threshold values.
According to the technical scheme, in the whole shutdown process, hydrogen of the stack anode is continuously consumed, oxygen is continuously consumed by the stack cathode to generate nitrogen-rich waste gas, the generated nitrogen-rich waste gas is sent to the stack anode, extra nitrogen supplementing equipment is not needed to be added, the shutdown state that the stack anode and the cathode are full of nitrogen can be realized, the performance attenuation and mechanical damage of the fuel cell stack caused by unbalanced pressure on two sides of a membrane electrode are reduced, in the process, residual oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas discharged by the stack cathode enters the stack anode and reacts with residual hydrogen to cause rapid change of hydrogen concentration, so that fluctuation of output performance of the stack is caused, therefore, the embodiment also controls output voltage and output current change of the fuel cell to be located on a preset shutdown characteristic curve based on the shutdown characteristic curve, the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin when a shutdown instruction is acquired, the output voltage of the stack can be automatically reduced along with the reduction of the output performance, meanwhile, the condition that the output current is excessively high due to the excessively fast reduction of the output voltage is avoided, the damage of the membrane electrode is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In some alternative embodiments, controlling the output voltage and output current variation of the fuel cell during shutdown to be on a preset shutdown characteristic includes:
if the actual values of the output voltage and the output current deviate from the shutdown characteristic curve, carrying out negative feedback control on the control variable according to the deviation direction and the deviation, so that the output voltage and the output current return to the shutdown characteristic curve;
wherein the control variable is used to control the variation of the output voltage and the output current.
In the technical scheme, unlike a common constant voltage control strategy or constant current control strategy, the corresponding relation between the output voltage and the output current is controlled on a set shutdown characteristic curve, so that the output current is correspondingly reduced along with the reduction of the output voltage in the shutdown process of the fuel cell, the millisecond-level response time is realized through the output control circuit in the process, and the stability and the service life of the fuel cell are improved because the response speed of the output control circuit is far higher than that of components of a hydrogen loop and an air loop.
In some alternative embodiments, wherein the control variable comprises an output duty cycle of the dc transformer.
According to the technical scheme, the automatic feedback control of the output duty ratio of the direct-current transformer is adopted to realize that the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the output current and the output voltage of the fuel cell is a preset shutdown characteristic curve.
In some alternative embodiments, the method further comprises, during the continued reaction of the residual hydrogen at the anode of the stack until the hydrogen is consumed:
feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas into a cathode of a galvanic pile to consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, and circulating the process until residual hydrogen of an anode of the galvanic pile is consumed;
wherein the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is generated by the continuous consumption of oxygen at the cathode of the stack.
According to the technical scheme, the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile returns to the cathode of the electric pile through the waste gas circulation system, so that the nitrogen-rich waste gas can further consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas, the nitrogen-rich waste gas with low enough oxygen concentration can be obtained through multiple circulation of the process, and finally the nitrogen-rich waste gas with low enough oxygen concentration is used as inert gas for filling the anode of the electric pile and the cathode of the electric pile, so that the electric pile in a shutdown state can be well protected.
In some alternative embodiments, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas generated by the stack cathode is fed to the stack anode, comprising:
and intermittently feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile, so that the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the anode of the electric pile is matched with the hydrogen flow consumed by the anode of the electric pile.
In the above technical scheme, in the process that the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile returns to the cathode of the electric pile to continuously consume oxygen therein to obtain the nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode electric pile is intermittently fed into the anode of the electric pile, and the amount of oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the anode of the electric pile is also less due to the fact that the flow of the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the anode of the electric pile is less each time, so that the reaction of hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile and oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas is relieved.
In some alternative embodiments, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is fed to the stack cathode to consume oxygen therein to produce a nitrogen-rich exhaust gas having a lower oxygen concentration, comprising:
the nitrogen-rich waste gas and air are jointly sent to a cathode of a galvanic pile so as to consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration.
In the above technical scheme, in order to make the hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile completely consumed, part of air is also sent to the cathode of the electric pile while recycling the nitrogen-rich waste gas.
In some alternative embodiments, after the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are both reduced to the corresponding thresholds, the method further comprises:
and continuously feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile until the pressure of the nitrogen-rich waste gas of the anode of the electric pile reaches a set positive pressure.
The embodiment of the application provides a shutdown control system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises: the system comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor, an output electric energy control module and a hydrogen inlet assembly, wherein a one-way valve is arranged between a pile cathode and a pile anode;
the current sensor is used for measuring the output current of the fuel cell;
the voltage sensor is used for measuring the output voltage of the fuel cell;
the output electric energy control module is used for controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process according to the shutdown instruction; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin point when a shutdown instruction is acquired;
the hydrogen inlet component is used for stopping supplying hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile by closing a hydrogen supplementing valve of the hydrogen inlet component, so that the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile continuously reacts until the residual hydrogen is consumed;
the one-way valve is used for continuously reacting residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile until the residual hydrogen is consumed, and the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile is sent to the anode of the electric pile after passing through the one-way valve until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to corresponding thresholds.
In the technical scheme, when the machine is stopped, the hydrogen supplementing valve of the hydrogen inlet assembly is closed, so that hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is continuously consumed, oxygen is continuously consumed by the cathode of the electric pile to generate nitrogen-rich waste gas, the generated nitrogen-rich waste gas is sent into the anode of the electric pile through the one-way valve, the machine stopping state that the anode and the cathode of the electric pile are filled with nitrogen can be realized without adding additional nitrogen supplementing equipment, the performance attenuation and mechanical damage of the fuel cell pile caused by unbalanced pressure on two sides of the membrane electrode are reduced, and in the process, residual oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas discharged by the cathode of the electric pile reacts with residual hydrogen after entering the anode of the electric pile to cause rapid change of hydrogen concentration, so that fluctuation of output performance of the electric pile is caused. Therefore, the output electric energy control module of the embodiment also controls the output voltage and the output current change of the fuel cell to be positioned on a preset shutdown characteristic curve based on the shutdown characteristic curve, and the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an original point when a shutdown instruction is acquired, so that the output voltage of the electric pile can be automatically reduced along with the reduction of the output performance, and meanwhile, the condition that the output current is overlarge due to the fact that the output voltage is too fast reduced is avoided, the rapid abrupt change of the potential of a membrane electrode is avoided, the damage of the membrane electrode is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In some alternative embodiments, the system further comprises an EGR valve;
the EGR valve is used for sending the nitrogen-rich waste gas into the cathode of the electric pile through the EGR valve to continuously consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, and the process is circulated until the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is consumed completely;
wherein the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is generated by the continuous consumption of oxygen at the cathode of the stack.
According to the technical scheme, the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile passes through the EGR valve of the waste gas circulation system and then returns to the cathode of the electric pile, so that the nitrogen-rich waste gas can further consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas, the nitrogen-rich waste gas with low enough oxygen concentration can be obtained through multiple circulation of the process, and finally the nitrogen-rich waste gas with low enough oxygen concentration is used as inert gas for filling the anode of the electric pile and the cathode of the electric pile, so that the electric pile in a shutdown state can be well protected.
In some alternative embodiments, a solenoid valve and an air intake assembly are also included;
the air inlet component comprises a filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier;
the air compressor is used for sending the mixed gas to the pile cathode for reaction after passing through the intercooler and the humidifier, and sending the mixed gas to the pile anode after passing through the electromagnetic valve and the one-way valve; the mixed gas comprises air filtered by a filter and nitrogen-rich exhaust gas sent when an EGR valve is opened.
In some alternative embodiments, the method further comprises a steam-water separation device, a drain valve and a nitrogen-discharging valve, wherein the steam-water separation device discharges moisture in the anode gas of the electric pile through the drain valve. When the gas pressure of the anode of the electric pile is too high, the nitrogen can be discharged through the nitrogen discharge valve.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a shutdown control method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shutdown control system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows three possible shutdown characteristics.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a shutdown control method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
step 100, controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process according to a shutdown instruction; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin point when a shutdown instruction is acquired;
step 200, stopping supplying hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile, and enabling the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile to continue to react until the residual hydrogen is consumed;
and 300, continuously reacting residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile until the residual hydrogen is consumed, and sending nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to corresponding thresholds.
In this embodiment, in the whole shutdown process, the hydrogen of the stack anode is continuously consumed, the stack cathode continuously consumes oxygen to generate nitrogen-rich waste gas, the generated nitrogen-rich waste gas is sent into the stack anode, no additional nitrogen supplementing equipment is required to be added, the shutdown state that the stack anode and the cathode are full of nitrogen can be realized, the fuel cell stack performance attenuation and mechanical damage caused by unbalanced pressure on two sides of the membrane electrode are reduced, and in the process, residual oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas exhausted by the stack cathode reacts with residual hydrogen after entering the stack anode to cause rapid change of hydrogen concentration, thereby causing fluctuation of the output performance of the stack. Therefore, the embodiment also controls the output voltage and the output current change of the fuel cell to be positioned on a preset shutdown characteristic curve based on the shutdown characteristic curve, and the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an original point when a shutdown instruction is acquired, so that the output voltage of the electric pile can be automatically reduced along with the reduction of the output performance, and meanwhile, the condition that the output current is overlarge due to the fact that the output voltage is too fast reduced is avoided, the rapid abrupt change of the potential of the membrane electrode is avoided, the damage of the membrane electrode is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In some alternative embodiments, controlling the output voltage and output current variation of the fuel cell during shutdown to be on a preset shutdown characteristic includes: if the actual values of the output voltage and the output current deviate from the shutdown characteristic curve, carrying out negative feedback control on the control variable according to the deviation direction and the deviation, so that the output voltage and the output current return to the shutdown characteristic curve; wherein the control variable is used to control the variation of the output voltage and the output current.
In this embodiment of the present application, unlike a general constant voltage control strategy or constant current control strategy, the corresponding relationship between the output voltage and the output current is controlled on a set shutdown characteristic curve, so that the output current is correspondingly reduced as the output voltage decreases in the shutdown process of the fuel cell, for example: and on the input side of the fuel cell output direct-current transformer, the output current and the output voltage of the fuel cell stack are regulated, and under the condition that the working condition parameters of the fuel cell are kept or changed, the current and the voltage values on the input side are always positioned on a shutdown characteristic curve by regulating the on-off duty ratio of an electronic device of the Buck-Boost circuit, so that electric energy output is carried out according to the preset output performance of the fuel cell stack. In the process, millisecond response time is realized through the output control circuit, and the stability and the service life of the fuel cell are improved as the response speed of the output control circuit is far higher than that of components of the hydrogen loop and the air loop.
In some alternative embodiments, wherein the control variable comprises an output duty cycle of the dc transformer.
According to the embodiment of the application, the automatic feedback control of the output duty ratio of the direct-current transformer is used for realizing that the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the output current and the output voltage of the fuel cell is a preset shutdown characteristic curve.
A specific automatic feedback control process, comprising:
when the control process is in the shutdown control process, the duty ratio of the fuel cell output direct-current transformer is adjusted by calculating the difference value between the output current and the output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the shutdown characteristic curve; the difference value is a voltage difference under the same current and a current difference under the same voltage, or a value calculated by adopting the voltage difference and the current difference.
If the voltage difference is used as the difference value, the duty ratio adjustment process of the fuel cell output DC transformer is specifically as follows:
calculating the difference value between the output current and the output voltage of the fuel cell stack and the corresponding point in the shutdown characteristic curve, wherein the difference value is the voltage difference;
if the difference value is equal to zero, namely the actual output current and voltage of the fuel cell are in the shutdown characteristic curve, the duty ratio is kept unchanged;
if the difference value is larger than zero, namely the actual output current and voltage of the fuel cell are above the shutdown characteristic curve, the duty ratio is adjusted, and the output current of the fuel cell stack is increased;
and if the difference value is smaller than zero, namely the actual output current and voltage of the fuel cell are below the shutdown characteristic curve, the duty ratio is adjusted, and the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced.
In some alternative embodiments, the method further comprises, during the continued reaction of the residual hydrogen at the anode of the stack until the hydrogen is consumed: feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas into a cathode of a galvanic pile to consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, and circulating the process until residual hydrogen of an anode of the galvanic pile is consumed; wherein the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is generated by the continuous consumption of oxygen at the cathode of the stack.
In the embodiment of the application, the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile returns to the cathode of the electric pile through the waste gas circulation system, so that the nitrogen-rich waste gas can further consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas, the nitrogen-rich waste gas with low enough oxygen concentration can be obtained through multiple circulation of the process, and finally the nitrogen-rich waste gas with low enough oxygen concentration is used as inert gas for filling the anode of the electric pile and the cathode of the electric pile, so that the electric pile in the shutdown state can be well protected.
In some alternative embodiments, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas generated by the stack cathode is fed to the stack anode, comprising: and intermittently feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile, so that the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the anode of the electric pile is matched with the hydrogen flow consumed by the anode of the electric pile.
In the embodiment of the application, in the process that the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile returns to the cathode of the electric pile to continuously consume the oxygen therein to obtain the nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode electric pile is intermittently fed into the anode of the electric pile, and the amount of oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the anode of the electric pile is also less due to the fact that the flow of the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the anode of the electric pile is less each time, so that the reaction of the hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile and the oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas is relieved.
In some alternative embodiments, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is fed to the stack cathode to consume oxygen therein to produce a nitrogen-rich exhaust gas having a lower oxygen concentration, comprising: the nitrogen-rich waste gas and air are jointly sent to a cathode of a galvanic pile so as to consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration.
In the embodiment of the present application, in order to make the hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile completely consumed, part of air is also sent to the cathode of the electric pile while recycling the nitrogen-rich waste gas.
In some alternative embodiments, after the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are both reduced to the corresponding thresholds, the method further comprises: and continuously feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile until the pressure of the nitrogen-rich waste gas of the anode of the electric pile reaches a set positive pressure.
The shutdown control system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises an output control circuit of the fuel cell, wherein the output control circuit comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor and an output electric energy control module.
Wherein the current sensor is used for measuring the output current of the fuel cell; the voltage sensor is used for measuring the output voltage of the fuel cell; the output electric energy control module is used for controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process according to the shutdown instruction; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin point when a shutdown instruction is acquired.
The shutdown control system also comprises a hydrogen inlet component, and a one-way valve is arranged between the cathode of the electric pile and the anode of the electric pile; the hydrogen inlet component is used for stopping supplying hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile by closing a hydrogen supplementing valve of the hydrogen inlet component, so that the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile continuously reacts until the residual hydrogen is consumed; the one-way valve is used for continuously reacting residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile until the residual hydrogen is consumed, and the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile is sent to the anode of the electric pile after passing through the one-way valve until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to corresponding thresholds.
In this embodiment, when the machine is stopped, the hydrogen supplementing valve of the hydrogen feeding component is closed, so that the hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is continuously consumed, the cathode of the electric pile is continuously consumed to generate nitrogen-rich waste gas, the generated nitrogen-rich waste gas is sent to the anode of the electric pile through the one-way valve, no additional nitrogen supplementing equipment is needed to be added, the machine stopping state that the anode and the cathode of the electric pile are full of nitrogen can be realized, the performance attenuation and mechanical damage of the fuel cell pile caused by unbalanced pressure on two sides of the membrane electrode are reduced, in the process, residual oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas discharged by the cathode of the electric pile is reacted with residual hydrogen after entering the anode of the electric pile, so that the hydrogen concentration is quickly changed, and the fluctuation of the output performance of the electric pile is caused, therefore, the output electric energy control module of the machine is further based on the machine stopping characteristic curve, the output voltage and the output current change of the fuel cell are controlled to be located on the preset machine stopping characteristic curve, the machine stopping characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point when the machine stopping command is obtained, the output voltage of the electric pile is automatically reduced along with the output performance drop, the output voltage of the machine is reduced, and meanwhile, the situation that the output current is too fast is caused by the output current is not to be too fast, and the abrupt change of the membrane electrode potential is avoided.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a shutdown control system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application, where an output control circuit portion is not shown.
The upper part of the pile is the pile cathode and the lower part is the pile anode. The air inlet and the air outlet of the cathode of the electric pile are connected with a humidifier, the air inlet of the humidifier is connected with the air outlet of an intercooler, the air inlet of the intercooler is connected with the air outlet of an air compressor, and the air inlet of the air compressor is connected with the air outlet of a filter. When the fuel cell outputs electric energy to supply power, air is sucked by the air compressor after being filtered by the filter and is conveyed to the cathode of the electric pile to react after passing through the intercooler and the humidifier in sequence, wherein the intercooler cools and cools the gas, and the humidifier humidifies the gas, so that the damage caused by water shortage of the proton exchange membrane is avoided. At this time, a hydrogen supplementing valve of the pile anode is opened, and hydrogen is supplied to the pile anode through a hydrogen circulating pump to perform a reaction. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical power generation device which takes hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant, hydrogen and air are respectively led into an anode and a cathode, the gas reacts under the action of a catalyst to generate water, and a large amount of heat is generated.
The shutdown control system of the embodiment further comprises an exhaust gas circulation system, nitrogen-rich exhaust gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile can be sent to the air inlet of the air compressor after passing through the EGR valve by opening the EGR valve of the exhaust gas circulation system, the air compressor continuously consumes oxygen in the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas by sucking the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas and then sequentially passing through the intercooler and the humidifier and then sending the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas to the cathode of the electric pile, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas with lower oxygen concentration is obtained, the process is circulated until residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is consumed, and meanwhile, the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is reduced to be low enough. And a back pressure valve is arranged at the air inlet of the EGR valve and is used for adjusting the gas pressure of the cathode of the electric pile.
In this embodiment, an electromagnetic valve and a first one-way valve are further disposed between the air outlet of the air compressor and the air inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump, and when the electromagnetic valve is opened, the air compressor can send the mixed gas of the nitrogen-rich waste gas and air into the hydrogen circulation pump, and then the hydrogen circulation pump sends the mixed gas into the anode of the electric pile.
The shutdown control system further comprises a steam-water separation device, a drain valve and a nitrogen discharge valve, wherein the steam-water separation device is arranged at an exhaust port of the anode of the electric pile, the hydrogen circulation device is arranged at an air inlet of the anode of the electric pile, and a second one-way valve is further arranged between the steam-water separation device and the hydrogen circulation pump. The steam-water separation device discharges water in the gas discharged from the anode of the electric pile through the drain valve, the nitrogen is discharged through the nitrogen discharge valve, and the residual hydrogen enters the hydrogen circulation pump through the second one-way valve and then enters the anode of the electric pile for continuous reaction.
The specific workflow of the shutdown control system of this embodiment includes:
when the fuel cell is powered normally, the EGR valve is closed, the hydrogen supplementing valve is opened, and the electromagnetic valve is closed. The air sequentially passes through the filter, the air compressor, the intercooler and the humidifier and then enters the cathode of the electric pile, oxygen in the air is consumed in the electric pile for reaction, and generated nitrogen-rich waste gas is discharged from the air outlet of the cathode of the electric pile. And (3) continuously feeding fuel hydrogen into the anode of the electric pile by the hydrogen circulating pump, consuming the hydrogen in the electric pile for reaction, discharging the generated water through the drain valve, and feeding the unconsumed hydrogen into the hydrogen circulating pump through the second one-way valve.
When a shutdown instruction is received, firstly, switching a control mode of an output control circuit into a shutdown control mode, namely controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin when a shutdown command is acquired, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 shows three feasible shutdown characteristic curves, wherein a coordinate horizontal axis is an output current, a coordinate vertical axis is an output voltage, and any monotonic curve between an idle point and the origin can be used as a preset shutdown characteristic curve, that is, as the output voltage decreases, the output current also decreases.
And closing the hydrogen supplementing valve to enable the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile to continuously react until the residual hydrogen is consumed. The EGR valve is opened, so that nitrogen-rich waste gas discharged from the cathode of the electric pile is sucked by the air compressor, a small amount of air is sucked by the air compressor, a mixed gas of the nitrogen-rich waste gas and a small amount of air is formed, the mixed gas sequentially passes through the intercooler and the humidifier and then enters the cathode of the electric pile to continuously react, the nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration is obtained, then the nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration and a small amount of air are sucked by the air compressor, the process is circulated until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to corresponding thresholds, the values of the thresholds are smaller, and when the output voltage and the output current are reduced to the corresponding thresholds, the hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile can be considered to be consumed and the electric energy can not be output any more.
Meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve is intermittently opened, and the mixed gas exhausted by the air compressor is mainly nitrogen-rich waste gas, wherein the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas is low, that is, the nitrogen-rich waste gas can be sent to the hydrogen circulating pump after passing through the electromagnetic valve and the first one-way valve, and then the nitrogen-rich waste gas is sent to the anode of the electric pile by the hydrogen circulating pump. And closing the nitrogen discharge valve, enabling nitrogen discharged by the pile anode to enter the hydrogen circulation pump through the second one-way valve, and then sending the nitrogen into the pile anode by the hydrogen circulation pump until stopping control is finished, wherein the pile anode is filled with inert gas (nitrogen).
In summary, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile passes through the EGR valve of the exhaust gas circulation system and returns to the cathode of the electric pile, so that the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas can further consume oxygen therein, the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas with low enough oxygen concentration can be obtained through multiple circulation of the process, and finally the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas with low enough oxygen concentration is used as inert gas for filling the anode and the cathode of the electric pile, so that the electric pile in the shutdown state can be well protected.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
Further, the units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
Furthermore, functional modules in various embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form a single portion, or each module may exist alone, or two or more modules may be integrated to form a single portion.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations may be suggested to one skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A shutdown control method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising:
according to the shutdown instruction, controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin point when a shutdown instruction is acquired;
stopping supplying hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile, and enabling the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile to continue to react until the residual hydrogen is consumed;
and in the process of continuously reacting the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile until the residual hydrogen is consumed, sending the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to the corresponding threshold values.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the output voltage and output current of the fuel cell during shutdown to vary over a preset shutdown characteristic comprises:
if the actual values of the output voltage and the output current deviate from the shutdown characteristic curve, carrying out negative feedback control on the control variable according to the deviation direction and the deviation, so that the output voltage and the output current return to the shutdown characteristic curve;
wherein the control variable is used to control the variation of the output voltage and the output current.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the control variable comprises an output duty cycle of a dc transformer.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises, during said continued reaction of said stack anode residual hydrogen until depleted:
feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas into the cathode of the electric pile to consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, and circulating the process until the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is consumed;
wherein the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is generated by the continuous consumption of oxygen at the cathode of the stack.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said delivering the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas generated by the stack cathode to the stack anode comprises:
and intermittently feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the pile cathode into the pile anode, so that the nitrogen-rich waste gas fed into the pile anode is adapted to the hydrogen flow consumed by the pile anode.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said feeding the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas to the cathode of the stack to consume oxygen therein to obtain a nitrogen-rich exhaust gas having a lower oxygen concentration comprises:
and sending the nitrogen-rich waste gas and air into the cathode of the electric pile together so as to consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain the nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein after the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell each decrease to corresponding thresholds, the method further comprises:
and continuously feeding the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the pile cathode into the pile anode until the air pressure of the nitrogen-rich waste gas of the pile anode reaches a set positive pressure.
8. A shutdown control system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising: the system comprises a current sensor, a voltage sensor, an output electric energy control module and a hydrogen inlet assembly, wherein a one-way valve is arranged between a pile cathode and a pile anode;
the current sensor is used for measuring the output current of the fuel cell;
the voltage sensor is used for measuring the output voltage of the fuel cell;
the output electric energy control module is used for controlling the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell to change on a preset shutdown characteristic curve in the shutdown process according to the shutdown instruction; the shutdown characteristic curve is a monotonic curve from a coordinate point to an origin point when a shutdown instruction is acquired;
the hydrogen inlet component is used for stopping supplying hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile by closing a hydrogen supplementing valve of the hydrogen inlet component, so that the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile continues to react until the residual hydrogen is consumed;
and the one-way valve is used for sending the nitrogen-rich waste gas generated by the cathode of the electric pile into the anode of the electric pile after passing through the one-way valve in the process that the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is continuously reacted until the residual hydrogen is consumed, until the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell are reduced to the corresponding thresholds.
9. The system of claim 8, further comprising an EGR valve;
the EGR valve is used for sending the nitrogen-rich waste gas into the cathode of the electric pile through the EGR valve to continuously consume oxygen in the nitrogen-rich waste gas to obtain nitrogen-rich waste gas with lower oxygen concentration, and the process is circulated until the residual hydrogen of the anode of the electric pile is consumed completely;
wherein the nitrogen-rich exhaust gas is generated by the continuous consumption of oxygen at the cathode of the stack.
10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a solenoid valve and an air intake assembly;
the air inlet assembly comprises a filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier;
the air compressor is used for feeding the mixed gas into the pile cathode for reaction after passing through the intercooler and the humidifier, and feeding the mixed gas into the pile anode after passing through the electromagnetic valve and the one-way valve; the mixed gas comprises air filtered by a filter and nitrogen-rich exhaust gas sent when an EGR valve is opened.
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| CN202310097537.3A CN116247244A (en) | 2023-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | Shutdown control method and system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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