CN116247233A - Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116247233A
CN116247233A CN202111491128.9A CN202111491128A CN116247233A CN 116247233 A CN116247233 A CN 116247233A CN 202111491128 A CN202111491128 A CN 202111491128A CN 116247233 A CN116247233 A CN 116247233A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
stack
air
fuel cell
hydrogen
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202111491128.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈杰
刘锦鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Qingneng New Energy Technology Co ltd
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Horizon New Energy Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Horizon New Energy Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Horizon New Energy Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to CN202111491128.9A priority Critical patent/CN116247233A/en
Publication of CN116247233A publication Critical patent/CN116247233A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell system including a stack, wherein the stack includes a cathode side provided with a stack air inlet from which a continuous flow of air is fed during normal operation; the stack comprises an anode side provided with a stack hydrogen inlet from which a continuous flow of hydrogen is fed during normal operation; the fuel cell system further includes a shutdown deoxygenation module configured to disconnect the primary load when stack operation is complete, cut off a continuous flow of air into the cathode flow field, reduce a concentration of oxygen remaining in the cathode flow field until oxygen is deemed depleted, and shut down the fuel cell system. Oxygen in the pile and in the pipeline is consumed rapidly, so that a long-time hydrogen-air interface is avoided, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.

Description

Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of fuel cells, and more particularly, to a fuel cell vehicle and a control method thereof.
Background
Along with the increasing of global environmental pollution and the decline of petroleum storage, electric automobiles gradually enter the life of people. In recent years, electric automobile technology has been rapidly developed, but from the viewpoint of market feedback, short driving range and long charging time have become main bottlenecks limiting the popularization of electric automobiles, and thus fuel cell automobiles have been developed.
The fuel cell car mainly uses H2 as main energy source, and is equipped with nickel-hydrogen cell or super capacitor as auxiliary energy source. H in fuel cell system during running of vehicle 2 With O 2 The generated electric energy is supplied to a power motor to realize the whole vehicle driving, and the nickel-hydrogen battery or the super capacitor mainly plays roles of power compensation and energy recovery in the driving process. The vehicle will only generate H throughout the driving cycle 2 O, avoiding polluting the environment.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), also known as polyelectrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), are devices that directly convert chemical energy of a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent into electrical energy. In use, fuel cells typically require a corresponding auxiliary system. The fuel cell body (also called a stack) and its corresponding auxiliary system together form a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen system, an air system, a cooling system, a power output system, a thermal management system, a voltage detection system and other accessory systems besides the fuel cell body. The hydrogen system is used for providing hydrogen for the electric pile and adjusting the pressure, flow and the like of the hydrogen entering the electric pile according to the operation condition; the air system is used for providing a proper amount of oxidant (air or oxygen) for the electric pile and adjusting the pressure, flow and the like of the oxidant entering the electric pile according to working conditions; the cooling system can keep the temperature of the electric pile at a proper level, so that the stable and reliable operation of the electric pile is ensured; the power output system regulates the output voltage, the current and the change rate of the electric pile through DCDC; the voltage detection system monitors each individual cell voltage of the fuel cell stack via a voltage detector as a guide for the regulation of the power output system.
After the fuel cell system is shut down, residual reactant gases exist inside the stack. When the fuel cell system is completely shut down, external air permeates into the cell through the exhaust pipe of the anode, which is a very slow gas diffusion process. When the hydrogen/air interface is created, a partial region of the anode is occupied by hydrogen and a partial region is occupied by air. Under high potential, reverse current can appear in the area where air exists in the anode, so that corrosion of the catalyst carrier carbon material is caused, the attenuation of the performance of a galvanic pile is accelerated, and the durability of the fuel cell is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a fuel cell vehicle and a control method thereof, which can rapidly consume oxygen in a pile and a pipeline, avoid long-time existence of a hydrogen-air interface and prolong the service life of a fuel cell.
In one aspect of the present application, a fuel cell vehicle is disclosed comprising a fuel cell system comprising a stack, wherein
The stack comprising a cathode side provided with a stack air inlet from which a continuous flow of air is fed during normal operation in contact with the cathode electrode;
the stack comprising an anode side provided with a stack hydrogen inlet from which a continuous flow of hydrogen is fed during normal operation in contact with an anode electrode;
the fuel cell system also includes a shutdown deoxygenation module configured to: when the operation of the electric pile is finished, the main load is disconnected, the continuous flow of air is cut off and enters the cathode flow field, the concentration of the residual oxygen in the cathode flow field is reduced until the oxygen is regarded as being exhausted, and the fuel cell system is shut down.
In a preferred embodiment, the cathode side further comprises a first air outlet provided with a first throttle valve; and
a second air outlet provided with a second throttle valve;
wherein the caliber of the first air outlet is larger than that of the second air outlet.
In a preferred embodiment, the fuel cell system further comprises an air compressor and a pressure sensor, wherein the air compressor is disposed before the stack air inlet, and the pressure sensor is disposed on the air compressor-stack air inlet line.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen supply line of the fuel cell system is provided with a branch line connected to the oxygen supply line.
In another aspect of the present application, a control method of a fuel cell vehicle is also disclosed, including the steps of:
(S1) a continuous flow of air fed during normal operation of the fuel cell system, through a cathode flow field, into contact with a cathode electrode disposed on the cathode side of the stack; and
(S2) supplying a continuous flow of hydrogen gas through the anode flow field into contact with an anode electrode disposed on the anode side of the stack during normal operation of the fuel cell system;
(S3) when the operation of the electric pile is finished, disconnecting the main load, and cutting off the continuous flow of air from entering the cathode flow field;
(S4) reducing the concentration of oxygen remaining in the cathode flow field until oxygen is considered depleted;
(S5) the fuel cell system is shut down for discharge.
In a preferred embodiment, (S3) further comprises:
(S31) pressurizing the cathode side of the stack with air supplied from the stack air inlet line.
In a preferred embodiment, (S3) further comprises: (S32) purging the anode with air supplied from the stack air inlet line and/or purging the cathode with a hydrogen-air mixture that mixes with hydrogen supplied from the stack hydrogen inlet line.
In a preferred embodiment, (S3) further comprises: (S33) continuously supplying hydrogen to the anode side of the stack to consume oxygen in the stack.
In a preferred embodiment, (S4) oxygen is considered depleted by observing that the stack voltage is below a threshold.
In a preferred embodiment, the threshold is 10V.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram according to a first embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1-electric pile
2-air compressor
3-pressure sensor
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the claimed invention may be practiced without these specific details and with various changes and modifications from the embodiments that follow.
Description of the partial concepts:
hydrogen-air interface
The cathode side of the membrane electrode is all air, while the anode side is both air and hydrogen, so that high potential is generated to cause serious corrosion to the carbon carrier. The corrosion damage of the hydrogen-air interface is mainly on the cathode side, platinum falling off, three-phase interface damage and the like can be generated after the carbon carrier is corroded, and finally the performance of the fuel cell is seriously degraded, and the severity of the corrosion damage is far more than the service life attenuation caused by high potential in the actual operation of the fuel cell. The hydrogen-air interface often occurs at the following 3 conditions: 1. when in stop, different partial pressures of positive and negative gases permeate from positive electrode to negative electrode or reflux and diffuse into full H after long-time stop 2 Form H in the negative electrode region of (2) 2 /O 2 An interface; 2. hydrogen is injected into the cathode to form floating H during starting 2 /O 2 The interface is completely filled with hydrogen until the cathode is completely filled with hydrogen; 3. the water droplets cause a blockage when the fuel is locally blocked, such as during normal or closed off tail gas operation. The start-stop condition is the stage where the hydrogen-air interface most easily occurs.
The following outline describes some of the innovative points of the embodiments of the present application:
the fuel cell vehicle of the present invention includes a fuel cell system including a stack 1 as shown in fig. 2. Hydrogen flows into the stack from the anode side of the stack 1 and air flows into the stack from the cathode side of the stack 1; the anode side and the cathode side each having an inlet, an outlet for hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the anode side is provided with a stack hydrogen inlet from which a continuous flow of hydrogen is fed during normal operation in contact with the anode electrode; the inlet on the cathode side for air is called the stack air inlet, from which a continuous flow of air is fed during normal operation, in contact with the cathode electrode. Air optionally enters the fuel cell system through an air filter and/or an air flow meter that measures the air flow rate into the fuel cell system. An air compressor compresses air to the pressure and flow rate required by the system. The inlets and outlets on the two sides of the membrane electrode are shown in figure 1. The fuel cell system also includes a shutdown deoxygenation module. When the operation of the electric pile of the fuel cell is finished, the main load is disconnected, the continuous flow of air is cut off and enters the cathode flow field, and the residual oxygen concentration in the cathode flow field is reduced. Until the stack voltage drops below the threshold, representing oxygen depletion. The fuel cell system is shut down.
In one embodiment, the stack voltage threshold is 10V. Oxygen is considered depleted when the stack voltage is below 10V.
The shutdown deoxygenation module may be implemented specifically by the following embodiments:
in a preferred embodiment, air provided by the stack air inlet line pressurizes the cathode side of the stack, and oxygen within the stack reacts rapidly with hydrogen to exhaustion under pressure. In the present example, the cathode side of the stack includes 2 outlets: a first air outlet and a second air outlet, wherein the first air outlet is provided with a first throttle valve; and the second air outlet is provided with a second throttle valve; the caliber of the first air outlet is larger than that of the second air outlet. The first air outlet with larger caliber is used for discharging the residual air of the reaction; the second air outlet with smaller caliber is used for discharging the residual air of the reaction; the second air outlet is used for controlling the pressure of the cathode side, when the air compressor continuously blows air flow into the pile, the pile does not consume large flow, the first throttle valve is closed, and at the moment, the second throttle valve is kept open at a certain angle to maintain a certain pressure in the pile. It will be appreciated that if the second throttle is also closed, then there is no outlet for the air flow, but at this point the air compressor is delivering the air flow into the voltage, so that the pressure inside the stack will continue to rise very high, which will break the stack, so that the action of the second throttle will give the air flow an outlet, and the pressure inside the stack can be controlled by controlling its angle.
The fuel cell system further comprises an air compressor arranged before the stack air inlet and a pressure sensor arranged on the air compressor-stack air inlet line. When the stack operation is completed, the air compressor blows high pressure air into the stack air inlet, preferably at an inlet air pressure in the range of 0.1bar to 0.6bar. Residual air in the cell stack reacts rapidly with hydrogen under the action of high-pressure air until the cell stack voltage drops below a threshold value, representing oxygen depletion.
In one embodiment, the anode is purged with air provided by the stack air inlet line and/or the cathode is purged with a hydrogen-air mixture that mixes with hydrogen provided by the stack hydrogen inlet line. In particular, a branch is branched off on the hydrogen supply line side, which branch is provided with a solenoid valve in a line part connected to the oxygen supply branch (for example, before the intercooler or, preferably, before the humidifier). When the solenoid valve is opened, hydrogen can be mixed into the air that is passed into the stack.
In one embodiment, the air delivery line and the air discharge line, the hydrogen discharge line of the fuel cell system are shut off; the hydrogen delivery line of the fuel cell continuously supplies hydrogen to the anode of the stack, and the hydrogen in the anode cavity of the stack reacts with the air in the cathode cavity to consume oxygen in the cathode air side cavity of the stack.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1,
The fuel cell vehicle of the present application includes a fuel cell system. The fuel cell system includes a stack. The voltage threshold stored in the controller of the fuel cell system is 10V.
Closing a first throttle valve of a first air outlet after the reactor reaction operation is finished; the second throttle valve is controlled to open within a certain angle to reach the target pressure. An air compressor in front of the stack air inlet blows high pressure air into the stack. The air inlet pressure of the stack at this time was measured by a pressure sensor on the line to be 0.6bar.
After 10min of high pressure air was introduced, the stack voltage was 8V, below the threshold, and the oxygen on the anode side was considered to be depleted. The fuel cell system is shut down.
All documents mentioned in the present application are considered to be included in the disclosure of the present application in their entirety, so that they may be subject to modification if necessary. Further, it will be understood that various changes or modifications may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art after reading the foregoing disclosure of the present application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the present application as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell vehicle comprising a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system comprising a stack, wherein
The stack comprising a cathode side provided with a stack air inlet from which a continuous flow of air is fed during normal operation in contact with the cathode electrode;
the stack comprising an anode side provided with a stack hydrogen inlet from which a continuous flow of hydrogen is fed during normal operation in contact with an anode electrode;
the fuel cell system also includes a shutdown deoxygenation module configured to: when the operation of the electric pile is finished, the main load is disconnected, the continuous flow of air is cut off and enters the cathode flow field, the concentration of the residual oxygen in the cathode flow field is reduced until the oxygen is regarded as being exhausted, and the fuel cell system is shut down.
2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the cathode side further comprises a first air outlet provided with a first throttle valve; and
a second air outlet provided with a second throttle valve;
wherein the caliber of the first air outlet is larger than that of the second air outlet.
3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises an air compressor and a pressure sensor, wherein the air compressor is disposed before the stack air inlet and the pressure sensor is disposed on the air compressor-stack air inlet line.
4. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply line of the fuel cell system is provided with a branch line connected to an oxygen supply line.
5. A control method of a fuel cell vehicle, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(S1) a continuous flow of air fed during normal operation of the fuel cell system, through a cathode flow field, into contact with a cathode electrode disposed on the cathode side of the stack; and
(S2) supplying a continuous flow of hydrogen gas through the anode flow field into contact with an anode electrode disposed on the anode side of the stack during normal operation of the fuel cell system;
(S3) when the operation of the electric pile is finished, disconnecting the main load, and cutting off the continuous flow of air from entering the cathode flow field;
(S4) reducing the concentration of oxygen remaining in the cathode flow field until oxygen is considered depleted;
(S5) the fuel cell system is shut down for discharge.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein (S3) further comprises: (S31) pressurizing the cathode side of the stack with air supplied from the stack air inlet line.
7. The control method according to claim 5, wherein (S3) further comprises: (S32) purging the anode with air supplied from the stack air inlet line and/or purging the cathode with a hydrogen-air mixture that mixes with hydrogen supplied from the stack hydrogen inlet line.
8. The control method according to claim 5, wherein (S3) further comprises: (S33) continuously supplying hydrogen to the anode side of the stack to consume oxygen in the stack.
9. The control method according to claim 5, wherein in (S4), oxygen is regarded as being exhausted by observing that the stack voltage is lower than a threshold value.
10. The control method of claim 9, wherein the threshold is 10V.
CN202111491128.9A 2021-12-08 2021-12-08 Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof Pending CN116247233A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111491128.9A CN116247233A (en) 2021-12-08 2021-12-08 Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111491128.9A CN116247233A (en) 2021-12-08 2021-12-08 Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116247233A true CN116247233A (en) 2023-06-09

Family

ID=86631813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111491128.9A Pending CN116247233A (en) 2021-12-08 2021-12-08 Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116247233A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9093679B2 (en) Method of shutting down fuel cell system
CN101227009B (en) Method for mitigating cell degradation due to startup and shutdown
US7862942B2 (en) Strategies for mitigating cell degradation during start-up and shutdown with H2/N2 storage
JP4644064B2 (en) Fuel cell system
KR101321429B1 (en) Fuel cell system and method of stopping fuel cell system
CN100481587C (en) Hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant
US10038205B2 (en) Fuel cell system
US20070122668A1 (en) Fuel cell system and method of starting it
WO2006054548A1 (en) Fuel cell power generation system, its stopping/safekeeping method and program
US8722258B2 (en) Open type fuel cell system
US7993787B2 (en) Method for fast and reliable fuel cell system start-ups
US9112198B2 (en) Closed loop type fuel cell system
CN111193048A (en) Fuel cell module and method for starting, shutting down and restarting the same
EP2375484B1 (en) Operating method of fuel cell system
JP5113634B2 (en) Fuel cell system
JP2005302422A (en) Fuel cell system
CN101390239B (en) Fuel cell system
JP2007141779A (en) Fuel cell system
KR101134876B1 (en) Hydrogen supply and vent apparatus of fuel cell system
US8349507B2 (en) Implementation of an engine controller unit's non-volatile memory for measuring the time of a fuel cell system in a shut-off or standby state
JP2014063664A (en) Method of starting fuel cell system
CN116247233A (en) Fuel cell vehicle and control method thereof
CN101501912B (en) Fuel cell system
JP5358988B2 (en) Fuel cell system
JP4627486B2 (en) Fuel cell system and fuel cell control method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
TA01 Transfer of patent application right
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20240924

Address after: 528253, Building D2, No.1 Xiangda Road, Danzao Logistics Center, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province (Residence Declaration)

Applicant after: Guangdong Qingneng New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.

Country or region after: China

Address before: Room 302-309, 3 / F, building a, emerging industry development center, Zhangjiagang Free Trade Zone, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

Applicant before: JIANGSU HORIZON NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Co.,Ltd.

Country or region before: China