CN116244958A - A research method for the balance of seawater intrusion and groundwater recharge in a watershed - Google Patents

A research method for the balance of seawater intrusion and groundwater recharge in a watershed Download PDF

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CN116244958A
CN116244958A CN202310257229.2A CN202310257229A CN116244958A CN 116244958 A CN116244958 A CN 116244958A CN 202310257229 A CN202310257229 A CN 202310257229A CN 116244958 A CN116244958 A CN 116244958A
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王尚玉
姜会杰
郭金林
吕丹宁
江崇秀
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法，其包括以下步骤：S1：计算流域内的汇源项系数；S2：定义流域内的研究范围和边界，建立流域内的水文地质概念模型：S3：将流域内的汇源项系数输入到水文地质概念模型中，得到流域内的地下水均衡数据，根据地下水均衡数据评估流域内是否遭受海水入侵。本发明通过对流域内研究区的地下水位、降水量的动态变化趋势进行分析，研究潜水埋深与降水量变化的关系，分析降水量对地下水埋深的影响；通过建立水文地质概念模型，为国内外海水入侵防控措施进行研究与分析提供有效的方法，并为提出研究区适宜的海水入侵防控措施提供有效的资料。

Figure 202310257229

The invention discloses a method for researching the balance of seawater intrusion into groundwater in a watershed, which includes the following steps: S1: calculating the sink-source item coefficient in the watershed; S2: defining the research scope and boundary in the watershed, and establishing the hydrogeological concept in the watershed Model: S3: Input the sink-source coefficient in the watershed into the hydrogeological conceptual model to obtain the groundwater balance data in the watershed, and evaluate whether the watershed is intruded by seawater based on the groundwater balance data. The present invention analyzes the dynamic change trend of groundwater level and precipitation in the research area of the watershed, studies the relationship between phreatic burial depth and precipitation change, and analyzes the influence of precipitation on groundwater burial depth; by establishing a hydrogeological conceptual model, for It provides effective methods for the research and analysis of seawater intrusion prevention and control measures at home and abroad, and provides effective data for proposing suitable seawater intrusion prevention and control measures in the study area.

Figure 202310257229

Description

一种流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法A method for studying groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in a watershed

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及海水入侵研究技术领域，具体涉及一种流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法。The invention relates to the technical field of seawater intrusion research, and in particular to a method for studying groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in a river basin.

背景技术Background Art

海水入侵是指海滨地区因过量抽取地下水，海水和地下淡水的天然平衡条件被破坏，从而引起海水向大陆含水层推移的一种有害水文地质作用。从上述定义可以看出，海水入侵的本质是：“滨海地区由于人为超量开采地下水，引起地下水位大幅度下降，海水与淡水之间原有的动态平衡被破坏，从而导致咸淡水界面向陆地方向推进”。由于近年来开始大规模开发利用地下水资源，开采量大幅增加，地下水的开发利用为经济社会的快速发展发挥了巨大的支持和保障作用。与此同时，地下水不合理开发利用造成的超采问题也随之凸现，严重威胁着水资源可持续利用和经济社会可持续发展。所以，及时控制和治理地下水超采区，加强地下水超采区水资源管理工作刻不容缓，亟需研究滨海地区地下水海水入侵状况，为地下水淡水治理提供依据。Seawater intrusion refers to a harmful hydrogeological effect caused by excessive groundwater extraction in coastal areas, which destroys the natural balance between seawater and freshwater, thereby causing seawater to move toward the continental aquifer. From the above definition, it can be seen that the essence of seawater intrusion is: "Due to excessive artificial groundwater exploitation in coastal areas, the groundwater level has dropped significantly, the original dynamic balance between seawater and freshwater has been destroyed, and the salt-fresh water interface has advanced toward the land." In recent years, large-scale development and utilization of groundwater resources have begun, and the amount of exploitation has increased significantly. The development and utilization of groundwater has played a huge supporting and guaranteeing role in the rapid development of the economy and society. At the same time, the problem of over-exploitation caused by unreasonable development and utilization of groundwater has also emerged, seriously threatening the sustainable use of water resources and the sustainable development of the economy and society. Therefore, it is urgent to control and manage groundwater over-exploitation areas in a timely manner and strengthen water resources management in groundwater over-exploitation areas. It is urgent to study the situation of seawater intrusion in coastal areas and provide a basis for groundwater and freshwater management.

发明内容Summary of the invention

针对现有技术的上述不足，本发明提供了一种为流域内海水入侵提供依据的流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for studying the groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in a river basin, which provides a basis for seawater intrusion in the river basin.

为达到上述发明目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

提供一种流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法，其包括以下步骤：A method for studying the groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in a watershed is provided, which comprises the following steps:

S1：计算流域内的汇源项系数，汇源项系数包括大气降水入渗补给量、河流渗漏补给量、农业灌溉入渗量、水库入渗量、潜水蒸发量、地下水开采量和侧向流出量；S1: Calculate the sink-source coefficient in the basin, which includes atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge, river leakage recharge, agricultural irrigation infiltration, reservoir infiltration, groundwater evaporation, groundwater extraction and lateral outflow;

S2：定义流域内的研究范围和边界，建立流域内的水文地质概念模型：S2: Define the research scope and boundaries within the basin and establish a hydrogeological conceptual model within the basin:

Figure BDA0004130074420000021
Figure BDA0004130074420000021

其中，Ω为渗流区域，ε为含水层的源汇项系数，h为地下水位，h0为地下水系统的初始水位分布，Kx、Ky分别为含水介质x方向和y方向的水平渗透系数，Kz为含水介质的垂向z渗透系数，S为自由面以下含水层的储水率，μ为潜水含水层的重力给水度，Γ0为渗流区域的上边界，即为地下水的自由表面，p为潜水面的蒸发和降水入渗强度，h1为已知边界水位值，Γ1为已知水位边界，Γ2为渗流区域的流量边界，

Figure BDA0004130074420000022
为边界面的法线方向，
Figure BDA0004130074420000023
为边界面法线方向的渗透系数，q为流量边界单位面积上的流量，流入为正，流出为负，隔水时为0，t为研究时间；Wherein, Ω is the seepage area, ε is the source-sink coefficient of the aquifer, h is the groundwater level, h0 is the initial water level distribution of the groundwater system, Kx and Ky are the horizontal permeability coefficients of the aquifer in the x and y directions respectively, Kz is the vertical z permeability coefficient of the aquifer, S is the water storage rate of the aquifer below the free surface, μ is the gravity water supply of the phreatic aquifer, Γ0 is the upper boundary of the seepage area, that is, the free surface of the groundwater, p is the evaporation and precipitation infiltration intensity of the phreatic surface, h1 is the known boundary water level value, Γ1 is the known water level boundary, Γ2 is the flow boundary of the seepage area,
Figure BDA0004130074420000022
is the normal direction of the boundary surface,
Figure BDA0004130074420000023
is the permeability coefficient in the normal direction of the boundary surface, q is the flow rate per unit area of the flow boundary, inflow is positive, outflow is negative, and it is 0 when it is isolated from water, and t is the research time;

S3：将流域内的汇源项系数输入到水文地质概念模型中，得到流域内的地下水均衡数据，根据地下水均衡数据评估流域内是否遭受海水入侵。S3: Input the source-sink coefficients in the basin into the hydrogeological conceptual model to obtain the groundwater balance data in the basin, and assess whether the basin is subject to seawater intrusion based on the groundwater balance data.

进一步地，步骤S1中计算大气降水入渗补给量的方法为：Furthermore, the method for calculating the atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge in step S1 is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000024
Figure BDA0004130074420000024

其中，Qi k为流域内位置i第k个月的降水入渗补给量，αi为位置i对应的降水入渗系数，Pi k为位置i第k个月的降水量，Fi为位置i的计算区面积；Among them, Qik is the precipitation infiltration recharge of the kth month at location i in the basin, αi is the precipitation infiltration coefficient corresponding to location i, Pik is the precipitation of the kth month at location i, and Fi is the calculation area area of location i;

河流渗漏补给量QR的计算方法为：The calculation method of river seepage recharge Q R is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000031
Figure BDA0004130074420000031

其中，hr为河流的水位，h为地下水位，W为河流宽度，M为河床底积层厚度，Ks为河床底积层的渗透系数，L为河流长度，CR为河流渗漏的水力传导系数；Where, hr is the water level of the river, h is the groundwater level, W is the width of the river, M is the thickness of the riverbed, Ks is the permeability coefficient of the riverbed, L is the length of the river, and CR is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient of river leakage;

农业灌溉入渗量为流域内平均农业灌溉量的50％；The agricultural irrigation infiltration volume is 50% of the average agricultural irrigation volume in the basin;

水库入渗量Q水库的计算方法为：Q水库＝V·F·△t，其中，V为流域内水库的渗漏速度，F为流域内水库的渗漏区面积，△t为流域内水库的渗漏时间；The calculation method of reservoir infiltration Q reservoir is: Q reservoir = V·F·△t, where V is the seepage rate of the reservoir in the basin, F is the area of the seepage zone of the reservoir in the basin, and △t is the seepage time of the reservoir in the basin;

潜水蒸发量的计算方法为：The calculation method of diving evaporation is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000032
Figure BDA0004130074420000032

其中，Eg为地下水的蒸发强度，E0为水面的蒸发强度，d0为地下水的蒸发极限埋深，d为地下水的水位埋深，n为经验系数，n＝1；Where, Eg is the evaporation intensity of groundwater, E0 is the evaporation intensity of the water surface, d0 is the evaporation limit depth of groundwater, d is the depth of groundwater level, n is the empirical coefficient, n=1;

地下水开采量包括农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量，农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量均通过统计流域内的农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量得到；Groundwater extraction includes agricultural extraction, domestic extraction and urban self-supplied well extraction. Agricultural extraction, domestic extraction and urban self-supplied well extraction are obtained by counting agricultural extraction, domestic extraction and urban self-supplied well extraction in the basin.

侧向流出量Qb的计算方法为：The calculation method of lateral outflow Qb is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000033
Figure BDA0004130074420000033

其中，Cb为外部水源与流域的水力传导系数，hb为外部水源的水位，h'为流域内的水位；L×W为流域内面向外部水源的横截面面积，K为外部水源与流域之间介质的渗透系数，D为外部水源与流域之间的距离。Among them, Cb is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient between the external water source and the basin, hb is the water level of the external water source, h' is the water level in the basin; L×W is the cross-sectional area in the basin facing the external water source, K is the permeability coefficient of the medium between the external water source and the basin, and D is the distance between the external water source and the basin.

进一步地，步骤S3包括：Further, step S3 includes:

S31：以可视化软件GMS作为流域内地下水流模拟的平台，根据水文地质概念模型，对流域内的地下水流进行模拟；S31: Using the visualization software GMS as a platform for groundwater flow simulation in the basin, the groundwater flow in the basin was simulated according to the hydrogeological conceptual model;

S32：根据流域内的含水层结构、边界条件和地下水流场特征，将流域在平面上剖分成若干行、若干列的规则矩形网格；S32: According to the aquifer structure, boundary conditions and groundwater flow field characteristics in the basin, the basin is divided into regular rectangular grids with several rows and columns on the plane;

S33：将汇源项系数代入水文地质概念模型中进行计算，得到流域内的地下水均衡表，利用流域的总补给量和总排泄量计算均衡量：均衡量＝总排泄量-总补给量；将均衡量与均衡量阈值进行比较：S33: Substitute the sink-source term coefficient into the hydrogeological conceptual model for calculation to obtain the groundwater balance table in the basin. Calculate the balance amount using the total recharge and total discharge of the basin: balance amount = total discharge - total recharge; compare the balance amount with the balance amount threshold:

若均衡量＞均衡量阈值，则判定流域内的地下水过量消耗，地下水与海水之间形成压差，地下水会受到海水入侵；If the balance amount > the balance amount threshold, it is determined that the groundwater in the basin is over-consumed, a pressure difference is formed between the groundwater and seawater, and the groundwater will be invaded by seawater;

若均衡量≤均衡量阈值，则判定流域内的地下水充足，地下水与海水之间形成压差，过量的地下水会排向海里，流域内不会受到海水入侵。If the equilibrium amount is ≤ the equilibrium amount threshold, it is determined that there is sufficient groundwater in the basin, and a pressure difference is formed between the groundwater and seawater. The excess groundwater will be discharged into the sea, and the basin will not be invaded by seawater.

本发明的有益效果为：本发明通过对流域内研究区的地下水位、降水量的动态变化趋势进行分析，研究潜水埋深与降水量变化的关系，分析降水量对地下水埋深的影响；通过建立水文地质概念模型，利用三维地下水流模型对研究区地下水采补平衡进行研究、分析；在地下水流数值模型的基础上，可有效预测不同开采条件下海水入侵的发展趋势，为国内外海水入侵防控措施进行研究与分析提供有效的方法，并为提出研究区适宜的海水入侵防控措施提供有效的资料。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention analyzes the dynamic change trends of groundwater level and precipitation in the study area within the basin, studies the relationship between groundwater burial depth and precipitation changes, and analyzes the influence of precipitation on groundwater burial depth; by establishing a hydrogeological conceptual model, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model is used to study and analyze the groundwater extraction and replenishment balance in the study area; on the basis of the groundwater flow numerical model, the development trend of seawater intrusion under different mining conditions can be effectively predicted, providing an effective method for studying and analyzing seawater intrusion prevention and control measures at home and abroad, and providing effective data for proposing suitable seawater intrusion prevention and control measures for the study area.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为母猪河流域的水平网格剖分示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal grid division of the Sow River Basin.

图2为母猪河流域的垂向网格剖分示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the vertical grid division of the Sow River Basin.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述，以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明，但应该清楚，本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围，对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲，只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内，这些变化是显而易见的，一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

本方案的流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法包括以下步骤：The research method of groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in the basin of this scheme includes the following steps:

S1：计算流域内的汇源项系数，汇源项系数包括大气降水入渗补给量、河流渗漏补给量、农业灌溉入渗量、水库入渗量、潜水蒸发量、地下水开采量和侧向流出量。S1: Calculate the sink-source term coefficient in the basin, which includes atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge, river seepage recharge, agricultural irrigation infiltration, reservoir infiltration, groundwater evaporation, groundwater extraction and lateral outflow.

计算大气降水入渗补给量的方法为：The method for calculating atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000051
Figure BDA0004130074420000051

其中，Qi k为流域内位置i第k个月的降水入渗补给量，αi为位置i对应的降水入渗系数，Pi k为位置i第k个月的降水量，Fi为位置i的计算区面积。Among them, Qik is the precipitation infiltration recharge of the kth month at location i in the basin, αi is the precipitation infiltration coefficient corresponding to location i, Pik is the precipitation of the kth month at location i, and Fi is the calculation area of location i.

河流渗漏补给量QR的计算方法为：The calculation method of river seepage recharge Q R is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000052
Figure BDA0004130074420000052

其中，hr为河流的水位，h为地下水位，W为河流宽度，M为河床底积层厚度，Ks为河床底积层的渗透系数，L为河流长度，CR为河流渗漏的水力传导系数；Where, hr is the water level of the river, h is the groundwater level, W is the width of the river, M is the thickness of the riverbed, Ks is the permeability coefficient of the riverbed, L is the length of the river, and CR is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient of river leakage;

农业灌溉入渗量为流域内平均农业灌溉量的50％；The agricultural irrigation infiltration volume is 50% of the average agricultural irrigation volume in the basin;

水库入渗量Q水库的计算方法为：Q水库＝V·F·△t，其中，V为流域内水库的渗漏速度，F为流域内水库的渗漏区面积，△t为流域内水库的渗漏时间；The calculation method of reservoir infiltration Q reservoir is: Q reservoir = V·F·△t, where V is the seepage rate of the reservoir in the basin, F is the area of the seepage zone of the reservoir in the basin, and △t is the seepage time of the reservoir in the basin;

潜水蒸发量的计算方法为：The calculation method of diving evaporation is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000053
Figure BDA0004130074420000053

其中，Eg为地下水的蒸发强度，E0为水面的蒸发强度，d0为地下水的蒸发极限埋深，d为地下水的水位埋深，n为经验系数，n＝1；Where, Eg is the evaporation intensity of groundwater, E0 is the evaporation intensity of the water surface, d0 is the evaporation limit depth of groundwater, d is the depth of groundwater level, n is the empirical coefficient, n=1;

地下水开采量包括农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量，农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量均通过统计流域内的农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量得到；Groundwater extraction includes agricultural extraction, domestic extraction and urban self-supplied well extraction. Agricultural extraction, domestic extraction and urban self-supplied well extraction are obtained by counting agricultural extraction, domestic extraction and urban self-supplied well extraction in the basin.

侧向流出量Qb的计算方法为：The calculation method of lateral outflow Qb is:

Figure BDA0004130074420000061
Figure BDA0004130074420000061

其中，Cb为外部水源与流域的水力传导系数，hb为外部水源的水位，h'为流域内的水位；L×W为流域内面向外部水源的横截面面积，K为外部水源与流域之间介质的渗透系数，D为外部水源与流域之间的距离。Among them, Cb is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient between the external water source and the basin, hb is the water level of the external water source, h' is the water level in the basin; L×W is the cross-sectional area in the basin facing the external water source, K is the permeability coefficient of the medium between the external water source and the basin, and D is the distance between the external water source and the basin.

S2：定义流域内的研究范围和边界，建立流域内的水文地质概念模型：S2: Define the research scope and boundaries within the basin and establish a hydrogeological conceptual model within the basin:

Figure BDA0004130074420000062
Figure BDA0004130074420000062

其中，Ω为渗流区域，ε为含水层的源汇项系数，h为地下水位，h0为地下水系统的初始水位分布，Kx、Ky分别为含水介质x方向和y方向的水平渗透系数，Kz为含水介质的垂向z渗透系数，S为自由面以下含水层的储水率，μ为潜水含水层的重力给水度，Γ0为渗流区域的上边界，即为地下水的自由表面，p为潜水面的蒸发和降水入渗强度，h1为已知边界水位值，Γ1为已知水位边界，Γ2为渗流区域的流量边界，

Figure BDA0004130074420000063
为边界面的法线方向，
Figure BDA0004130074420000064
为边界面法线方向的渗透系数，q为流量边界单位面积上的流量，流入为正，流出为负，隔水时为0，t为研究时间；Wherein, Ω is the seepage area, ε is the source-sink coefficient of the aquifer, h is the groundwater level, h0 is the initial water level distribution of the groundwater system, Kx and Ky are the horizontal permeability coefficients of the aquifer in the x and y directions respectively, Kz is the vertical z permeability coefficient of the aquifer, S is the water storage rate of the aquifer below the free surface, μ is the gravity water supply of the phreatic aquifer, Γ0 is the upper boundary of the seepage area, that is, the free surface of the groundwater, p is the evaporation and precipitation infiltration intensity of the phreatic surface, h1 is the known boundary water level value, Γ1 is the known water level boundary, Γ2 is the flow boundary of the seepage area,
Figure BDA0004130074420000063
is the normal direction of the boundary surface,
Figure BDA0004130074420000064
is the permeability coefficient in the normal direction of the boundary surface, q is the flow rate per unit area of the flow boundary, inflow is positive, outflow is negative, and it is 0 when it is isolated from water, and t is the research time;

S3：将流域内的汇源项系数输入到水文地质概念模型中，得到流域内的地下水均衡数据，根据地下水均衡数据评估流域内是否遭受海水入侵。S3: Input the source-sink coefficients in the basin into the hydrogeological conceptual model to obtain the groundwater balance data in the basin, and assess whether the basin is subject to seawater intrusion based on the groundwater balance data.

步骤S3包括：Step S3 includes:

S31：以可视化软件GMS作为流域内地下水流模拟的平台，根据水文地质概念模型，对流域内的地下水流进行模拟；S31: Using the visualization software GMS as a platform for groundwater flow simulation in the basin, the groundwater flow in the basin was simulated according to the hydrogeological conceptual model;

本实施例以山东半岛的母猪河流域为例，如图1所示，模拟出了母猪河流域的水平网格剖分示意图。This embodiment takes the Muzhu River Basin in Shandong Peninsula as an example, as shown in FIG1 , and simulates a schematic diagram of horizontal grid division of the Muzhu River Basin.

S32：根据流域内的含水层结构、边界条件和地下水流场特征，将流域在平面上剖分成若干行、若干列的规则矩形网格；如图2所示，母猪河流域的垂向网格剖分示意图。S32: According to the aquifer structure, boundary conditions and groundwater flow field characteristics in the basin, the basin is divided into a number of rows and columns of regular rectangular grids on the plane; as shown in Figure 2, a schematic diagram of the vertical grid division of the Sow River Basin.

S33：将汇源项系数代入水文地质概念模型中进行计算，得到流域内的地下水均衡表，如下表1所示，S33: Substitute the sink-source term coefficient into the hydrogeological conceptual model for calculation to obtain the groundwater balance table in the basin, as shown in Table 1 below.

表1母猪河流域2014年地下水年均衡表Table 1 Groundwater balance in the Sow River Basin in 2014

Figure BDA0004130074420000071
Figure BDA0004130074420000071

利用流域的总补给量和总排泄量计算均衡量：均衡量＝总排泄量-总补给量；将均衡量与均衡量阈值进行比较：The total recharge and discharge of the basin are used to calculate the balance: Balance = total discharge - total recharge; the balance is compared with the balance threshold:

若均衡量＞均衡量阈值，则判定流域内的地下水过量消耗，地下水与海水之间形成压差，地下水会受到海水入侵；If the balance amount > the balance amount threshold, it is determined that the groundwater in the basin is over-consumed, a pressure difference is formed between the groundwater and seawater, and the groundwater will be invaded by seawater;

若均衡量≤均衡量阈值，则判定流域内的地下水充足，地下水与海水之间形成压差，过量的地下水会排向海里，流域内不会受到海水入侵。If the equilibrium amount is ≤ the equilibrium amount threshold, it is determined that there is sufficient groundwater in the basin, and a pressure difference is formed between the groundwater and seawater. The excess groundwater will be discharged into the sea, and the basin will not be invaded by seawater.

本发明通过对流域内研究区的地下水位、降水量的动态变化趋势进行分析，研究潜水埋深与降水量变化的关系，分析降水量对地下水埋深的影响；通过建立水文地质概念模型，利用三维地下水流模型对研究区地下水采补平衡进行研究、分析；在地下水流数值模型的基础上，可有效预测不同开采条件下海水入侵的发展趋势，为国内外海水入侵防控措施进行研究与分析提供有效的方法，并为提出研究区适宜的海水入侵防控措施提供有效的资料。The present invention analyzes the dynamic change trends of groundwater level and precipitation in the study area within the basin, studies the relationship between groundwater depth and precipitation changes, and analyzes the influence of precipitation on groundwater depth; by establishing a hydrogeological conceptual model, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model is used to study and analyze the groundwater extraction and replenishment balance in the study area; on the basis of the groundwater flow numerical model, the development trend of seawater intrusion under different mining conditions can be effectively predicted, providing an effective method for studying and analyzing seawater intrusion prevention and control measures at home and abroad, and providing effective data for proposing suitable seawater intrusion prevention and control measures for the study area.

Claims (3)

1.一种流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. A method for studying the balance of groundwater extraction and replenishment caused by seawater intrusion in a river basin, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1：计算流域内的汇源项系数，汇源项系数包括大气降水入渗补给量、河流渗漏补给量、农业灌溉入渗量、水库入渗量、潜水蒸发量、地下水开采量和侧向流出量；S1: Calculate the sink-source coefficient in the basin, which includes atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge, river leakage recharge, agricultural irrigation infiltration, reservoir infiltration, groundwater evaporation, groundwater extraction and lateral outflow; S2：定义流域内的研究范围和边界，建立流域内的水文地质概念模型：S2: Define the research scope and boundaries within the basin and establish a hydrogeological conceptual model within the basin:
Figure FDA0004130074410000011
Figure FDA0004130074410000011
 其中，Ω为渗流区域，ε为含水层的源汇项系数，h为地下水位，h0为地下水系统的初始水位分布，Kx、Ky分别为含水介质x方向和y方向的水平渗透系数，Kz为含水介质的垂向z渗透系数，S为自由面以下含水层的储水率，μ为潜水含水层的重力给水度，Γ0为渗流区域的上边界，即为地下水的自由表面，p为潜水面的蒸发和降水入渗强度，h1为已知边界水位值，Γ1为已知水位边界，Γ2为渗流区域的流量边界，
Figure FDA0004130074410000012
为边界面的法线方向，
Figure FDA0004130074410000013
为边界面法线方向的渗透系数，q为流量边界单位面积上的流量，流入为正，流出为负，隔水时为0，t为研究时间；Wherein, Ω is the seepage area, ε is the source-sink coefficient of the aquifer, h is the groundwater level, h0 is the initial water level distribution of the groundwater system, Kx and Ky are the horizontal permeability coefficients of the aquifer in the x and y directions respectively, Kz is the vertical z permeability coefficient of the aquifer, S is the water storage rate of the aquifer below the free surface, μ is the gravity water supply of the phreatic aquifer, Γ0 is the upper boundary of the seepage area, that is, the free surface of the groundwater, p is the evaporation and precipitation infiltration intensity of the phreatic surface, h1 is the known boundary water level value, Γ1 is the known water level boundary, Γ2 is the flow boundary of the seepage area,
Figure FDA0004130074410000012
is the normal direction of the boundary surface,
Figure FDA0004130074410000013
is the permeability coefficient in the normal direction of the boundary surface, q is the flow rate per unit area of the flow boundary, inflow is positive, outflow is negative, and it is 0 when it is isolated from water, and t is the research time; S3：将流域内的汇源项系数输入到水文地质概念模型中，得到流域内的地下水均衡数据，根据地下水均衡数据评估流域内是否遭受海水入侵。S3: Input the source-sink coefficients in the basin into the hydrogeological conceptual model to obtain the groundwater balance data in the basin, and assess whether the basin is subject to seawater intrusion based on the groundwater balance data. 2.根据权利要求1所述的流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中计算大气降水入渗补给量的方法为：2. The method for studying the groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in a river basin according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for calculating the atmospheric precipitation infiltration replenishment in step S1 is:
Figure FDA0004130074410000021
Figure FDA0004130074410000021
 其中，Qi k为流域内位置i第k个月的降水入渗补给量，αi为位置i对应的降水入渗系数，Pi k为位置i第k个月的降水量，Fi为位置i的计算区面积；Among them, Qik is the precipitation infiltration recharge of the kth month at location i in the basin, αi is the precipitation infiltration coefficient corresponding to location i, Pik is the precipitation of the kth month at location i, and Fi is the calculation area area of location i; 所述河流渗漏补给量QR的计算方法为：The calculation method of the river seepage recharge Q R is:
Figure FDA0004130074410000022
Figure FDA0004130074410000022
 其中，hr为河流的水位，h为地下水位，W为河流宽度，M为河床底积层厚度，Ks为河床底积层的渗透系数，L为河流长度，CR为河流渗漏的水力传导系数；Where, hr is the water level of the river, h is the groundwater level, W is the width of the river, M is the thickness of the riverbed, Ks is the permeability coefficient of the riverbed, L is the length of the river, and CR is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient of river leakage; 所述农业灌溉入渗量为流域内平均农业灌溉量的50％；The agricultural irrigation infiltration volume is 50% of the average agricultural irrigation volume in the basin; 所述水库入渗量Q水库的计算方法为：Q水库＝V·F·△t，其中，V为流域内水库的渗漏速度，F为流域内水库的渗漏区面积，△t为流域内水库的渗漏时间；The calculation method of the reservoir infiltration volume Q reservoir is: Q reservoir = V·F·△t, where V is the seepage rate of the reservoir in the basin, F is the seepage area of the reservoir in the basin, and △t is the seepage time of the reservoir in the basin; 所述潜水蒸发量的计算方法为：The calculation method of the diving evaporation is:
Figure FDA0004130074410000023
Figure FDA0004130074410000023
 其中，Eg为地下水的蒸发强度，E0为水面的蒸发强度，d0为地下水的蒸发极限埋深，d为地下水的水位埋深，n为经验系数，n＝1；Where, Eg is the evaporation intensity of groundwater, E0 is the evaporation intensity of the water surface, d0 is the evaporation limit depth of groundwater, d is the depth of groundwater level, n is the empirical coefficient, n=1; 所述地下水开采量包括农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量，所述农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量均通过统计流域内的农业开采量、生活开采量和城镇自备井开采量得到；The groundwater extraction volume includes agricultural extraction volume, domestic extraction volume and extraction volume from urban self-supplied wells, and the agricultural extraction volume, domestic extraction volume and extraction volume from urban self-supplied wells are all obtained by counting the agricultural extraction volume, domestic extraction volume and extraction volume from urban self-supplied wells in the basin; 所述侧向流出量Qb的计算方法为：The calculation method of the lateral outflow Qb is:
Figure FDA0004130074410000031
Figure FDA0004130074410000031
 其中，Cb为外部水源与流域的水力传导系数，hb为外部水源的水位，h'为流域内的水位；L×W为流域内面向外部水源的横截面面积，K为外部水源与流域之间介质的渗透系数，D为外部水源与流域之间的距离。Among them, Cb is the hydraulic conductivity coefficient between the external water source and the basin, hb is the water level of the external water source, h' is the water level in the basin; L×W is the cross-sectional area in the basin facing the external water source, K is the permeability coefficient of the medium between the external water source and the basin, and D is the distance between the external water source and the basin. 3.根据权利要求1所述的流域内海水入侵地下水采补平衡研究方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3包括：3. The method for studying the groundwater extraction and replenishment balance of seawater intrusion in a river basin according to claim 1, characterized in that step S3 comprises: S31：以可视化软件GMS作为流域内地下水流模拟的平台，根据水文地质概念模型，对流域内的地下水流进行模拟；S31: Using the visualization software GMS as a platform for groundwater flow simulation in the basin, the groundwater flow in the basin was simulated according to the hydrogeological conceptual model; S32：根据流域内的含水层结构、边界条件和地下水流场特征，将流域在平面上剖分成若干行、若干列的规则矩形网格；S32: According to the aquifer structure, boundary conditions and groundwater flow field characteristics in the basin, the basin is divided into regular rectangular grids with several rows and columns on the plane; S33：将汇源项系数代入水文地质概念模型中进行计算，得到流域内的地下水均衡表，利用流域的总补给量和总排泄量计算均衡量：均衡量＝总排泄量-总补给量；将均衡量与均衡量阈值进行比较：S33: Substitute the sink-source term coefficient into the hydrogeological conceptual model for calculation to obtain the groundwater balance table in the basin. Calculate the balance amount using the total recharge and total discharge of the basin: balance amount = total discharge - total recharge; compare the balance amount with the balance amount threshold: 若均衡量＞均衡量阈值，则判定流域内的地下水过量消耗，地下水与海水之间形成压差，地下水会受到海水入侵；If the balance amount > the balance amount threshold, it is determined that the groundwater in the basin is over-consumed, a pressure difference is formed between the groundwater and seawater, and the groundwater will be invaded by seawater; 若均衡量≤均衡量阈值，则判定流域内的地下水充足，地下水与海水之间形成压差，过量的地下水会排向海里，流域内不会受到海水入侵。If the equilibrium amount is ≤ the equilibrium amount threshold, it is determined that there is sufficient groundwater in the basin, and a pressure difference is formed between the groundwater and seawater. The excess groundwater will be discharged into the sea, and the basin will not be invaded by seawater.
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CN116993030A (en) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-03 长江水利委员会水文局 Reservoir pressure salty taste adjustment method and system under variable conditions
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