CN116243521A - 电子镜 - Google Patents

电子镜 Download PDF

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CN116243521A
CN116243521A CN202211301378.6A CN202211301378A CN116243521A CN 116243521 A CN116243521 A CN 116243521A CN 202211301378 A CN202211301378 A CN 202211301378A CN 116243521 A CN116243521 A CN 116243521A
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liquid crystal
crystal layer
region
electronic mirror
voltage
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P.布兰特
J.韦尔克
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Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH
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Abstract

一种电子镜(24)包括液晶单元(30)，其中所述液晶单元(30)包括：第一透明电极(34a)；第二透明电极(34b)；液晶层(36)，所述液晶层(36)包括布置在所述第一透明电极(34a)与所述第二透明电极(34b)之间的液晶分子；以及AC电压源(50)，所述AC电压源(50)被配置成跨越在所述第一透明电极(34a)与所述第二透明电极(34b)之间的所述液晶层(36)施加交流电压，其中当跨越所述液晶层(36)施加电压时，所述液晶层(36)中的所述液晶分子改变其定向，并且所述电子镜(24)被配置成跨越所述液晶层(36)施加变化的电压，所述变化的电压从所述液晶层(36)的外侧区域朝向中心逐渐减小，以使得所述液晶层(36)的折射率从所述液晶层(36)的外侧区域朝向所述中心逐渐变化。

Description

电子镜
技术领域
本公开涉及一种电子镜，确切来说涉及一种用于车辆的电子镜。
背景技术
镜对于汽车安全而言通常是至关重要的。传统的镜具有数个限制，诸如过度炫光、视域有限、易受损和空气动力阻力。越来越多地增强或取代传统后视镜和侧视镜的电子镜明显提高了车辆安全性、舒适性和方便性。
发明内容
一种电子镜包括液晶单元，其中所述液晶单元包括：第一透明电极；第二透明电极；液晶层，所述液晶层包括布置在所述第一透明电极与所述第二透明电极之间的液晶分子；以及AC电压源，所述AC电压源被配置成跨越在所述第一透明电极与所述第二透明电极之间的所述液晶层施加交流电压，其中当跨越所述液晶层施加电压时，所述液晶层中的所述液晶分子改变其定向，并且所述电子镜被配置成跨越所述液晶层施加变化的电压，所述变化的电压从所述液晶层的外侧区域朝向中心逐渐减小，以使得所述液晶层的折射率从所述液晶层的外侧区域朝向所述中心逐渐变化。
在审阅以下详细描述和图之后，其他系统、方法、特征和优点对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见或将变得显而易见。所有所述的额外系统、方法、特征和优点旨在包括在此描述内、包括在本发明的范围内并且受以下权利要求书保护。
附图说明
参考以下描述和图式，可更好地理解所述布置。图中的组件未必按比例，而是将重点放在图解说明本发明的原理。此外，在图中，相似的参考编号贯穿不同的视图代表对应的部分。
图1示意性地图解说明包括后视镜和侧视镜的车辆。
包括图2A和图2B的图2示意性地图解说明电子镜的一般原理。
图3示意性地图解说明根据本公开的电子镜的实例。
图4示意性地图解说明图3的电子镜的等效电路和不同的图，所述不同的图图解说明根据在电子镜上的位置而变的电势差和相移。
图5示意性地图解说明根据一个实例的电子镜。
图6示意性地图解说明根据另一实例的电子镜。
具体实施方式
视需要，本文中公开本发明的详细实施方案；然而应理解，所公开的实施方案仅是本发明的实例，本发明可体现为各种替代形式。图未必按比例；一些特征可夸大或最小化以示出特定组件的细节。因此，本文中所公开的特定结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制性的，而是仅作为教示本领域的技术人员以各种方式采用本发明的代表性基础。
应认识到，本文中可提及的方向性术语(例如，“上部”、“下部”、“内”、“外”、“顶部”、“底部”等)仅指代附图中所图解说明的布置的各种组件的定向。所述术语针对上下文而提供并且用于理解所公开的实施方案。
参考图1，示意性地图解说明车辆10。车辆10包括后视镜20和侧视镜镜22。在过去，使用传统镜作为后视镜(I类镜)和侧视镜镜(III类镜)。为了提供一定量的放大，传统镜的表面可以是弯曲的。然而，传统镜越来越多地被电子镜取代。电子镜包括显示器，诸如TFT(薄膜晶体管)显示器。一个或多个相机可安装在车辆10上，所述相机拍摄车辆10周边的图像。接着，可在电子镜的显示器上显示所述图像。电子镜具备优于传统镜的数个优点。然而，后视镜和侧视镜是对于安全性而言至关重要的组件，因此，如果电子镜不论何种原因出故障(例如，相机或显示器出故障)，则仍必须确保镜的功能。
因此，可在显示器40前方布置液晶单元30。此在图2中示意性地图解说明。液晶单元30包括第一透明电极34a、第二透明电极34b和液晶层36，所述液晶层36包括布置在第一透明电极34a与第二透明电极34b之间的液晶分子。液晶单元30还包括AC电压源50(在下文中仅被称为电压源)，AC电压源50被配置成跨越在第一透明电极34a与第二透明电极34b之间的液晶层36施加交流电压。当不对液晶层36施加电压时，液晶分子定向在第一方向上(参见图2A)。举例来说，液晶分子可被布置成垂直于第一透明电极34a和第二透明电极34b。此使得偏振光能透射穿过液晶层36。
液晶单元30还可包括：偏振滤光片层32b，其中第二透明电极34b布置在偏振滤光片层32b与液晶层36之间；以及反射偏振滤光片层34a，其中第一透明电极34a布置在反射偏振滤光片层32a与液晶层36之间。偏振滤光片32b和反射偏振滤光片32a可被布置成使得偏振滤光片32b的透射轴与反射偏振滤光片32a的透射轴彼此垂直，如图2A中所指示。因此，反射偏振滤光片32a的反射轴被布置成使得由偏振滤光片32b偏振并透射穿过液晶层36的光反射在反射偏振器滤光片32a的表面上。即，当不跨越液晶层36施加电压时，液晶单元30以与传统镜类似的方式发挥功能。在此种情形中，无法通过液晶单元30看到显示器40。
现在参考图2B，如果跨越液晶层36施加电压(液晶单元通常需要被施加交流电压)，则液晶层36中的液晶分子会改变其定向。举例来说，液晶分子可朝向与第一透明电极34和第二透明电极34b平行的平面扭转和倾斜。如果所施加的电压大于阈值电压，则液晶分子一定程度地倾斜以使得透射穿过液晶层36的偏振光旋转90°并且因此透射穿过反射偏振滤光片32a。接着，能够在液晶单元30后面看到显示器40并且能够通过液晶单元30看到显示器40上显示的内容。当显示器40上显示在车辆10外部的相机所拍摄的图像时，可将比阈值电压大的电压施加到液晶层36以使得电子镜功能起作用。
然而，反射偏振器滤光片32a具有平坦表面，以使得当对液晶层36施加电压(e镜功能是作用的)时光能不受干扰地穿过反射偏振滤光片32a。然而，处于反射模式下的平坦反射偏振器滤光片32a(不对液晶层36施加电压并且e镜功能是非作用的)不提供任何放大。
为了在反射模式下提供对反射图像的放大，根据一个实例的电子镜被配置成跨越液晶层36施加变化的电压，所述变化的电压从液晶层36的外侧区域朝向中心逐渐减小，以使得液晶层36的折射率从液晶层36的外侧区域朝向中心逐渐变化。液晶层36通常包括一定的折射率。举例来说，当不对液晶层36施加电压时，液晶层36可具有1.5或更大的折射率。然而，此折射率通常取决于数个不同的参数而定。确切来说，液晶层36的折射率随着跨越液晶层36所施加的电压而改变。即，如果对液晶层36的第一区域施加第一电压并且对液晶层36的第二区域施加比所述第一电压低的第二电压，则第一区域的折射率不同于第二区域的折射率。
通过对液晶层36施加适合的电压廓线，可生成球面镜或非球面镜的反射率廓线。可通过施加到液晶层36的电场和电场频率的变化来控制电子镜的聚焦能力。液晶层36的双折射性质与反射偏振滤光片32a组合可用于通过动态地改变液晶层36的折射率来提供可变聚焦性质。
现在参考图3，示意性地图解说明电子镜的一个实例。在此实例中，第一透明电极34a包括第一区域380，第一区域380使得跨越液晶层36施加的电压从液晶层36的邻近第一区域380的外侧区域布置的区域朝向液晶层36的邻近液晶层36的中心布置的区域逐渐减小。此可例如通过具有高电阻率(导电率或薄层电阻)(诸如，5Ω/sq(也表示为欧姆平方、Ω□或Ω/□)或更大)的第一区域380来实现。第一区域380可由第一透明电极34a的第二区域382环绕，其中第二区域382被配置成对液晶层36的邻近第二区域382布置的所有区域施加相同的电压。举例来说，第二区域382的电阻率可明显低于第一区域380的电阻率，以使得所述电阻率不会明显影响施加到液晶层36的邻近第二区域382布置的区域的最终电压。即，对液晶层36的布置在第二区域382下方及第一区域380的边缘区下方的所有区域施加相同的电压。然而，由于第一区域380的电阻率高，因而此电压朝向第一区域380的中心减小。
此通过图4(顶部)中所示的等效电路来进一步图解说明。第一区域380可被视为多个电阻器R。每一电阻器R形成电压降。即，在第一区域380的边缘区下方的区域中施加到液晶层36的电压V1、V6大于在第一区域380的中心下方的区域中施加到液晶层36的电压V3、V4。图4的等效电路中的液晶层36由电容器C表示。在图4中，仅示范性地图解说明了七个电阻器R。然而，第一区域380可被视为由更大数目个电阻器R表示，从而使得电压V朝向第一区域380的中心逐渐减小。随着跨越第一区域380的位置的此逐渐减小在图4中的上图中示意性地图解说明电压(电势差)。上文已描述，施加到液晶层36的不同电压形成不同的折射率。在图4的下图中可看到，最终的相位廓线是电压廓线的反演。
在图4中，沿着沿着穿过液晶层36的一条线示意性地图解说明电压和相位廓线。在图3中可看到，第一区域380例如可具有圆形形状。由于第二区域382的电阻率低，因此如果对第一透明电极34a的两个相对端施加相同的电压(电压源50耦合到第一透明电极34a和第二透明电极34b中的每一者的两个相对端)，则沿着第一区域380的整个周界施加相同的电压(原因在于第二区域382的电阻率低)。电压从沿着第一区域380的周界的每个点朝向第一区域380的中心减小。在此种情形中，最终的相位廓线是抛物线，其中所述抛物线的最大值位于第一区域380的中心处，在本发明实例中，所述中心对应于液晶层36的中心。抛物线相位廓线使得液晶单元30与柱面透镜类似。因此，如果环形的第二区域382用于环绕第一区域380并且将第一区域380电连接到驱动电势，则此形成与球面透镜类似的碗形电势和相位廓线。如此一来，可在所述布置的反射模式下实现放大。为了确保镜处于反射模式，施加到液晶层36的电压可低于启用e镜功能所需的阈值电压。
在上文所图解说明的实例中，跨越液晶层36的变化的电压廓线是通过高电阻率区域380生成。然而，此仅是一个实例。变化的电压廓线通常也可通过任何其他适合的方式生成。
如图5中所图解说明，电子镜24(例如后视镜)可包括单个液晶单元30。如此一来，可在电子镜24的整个区域之上提供放大。然而，如图6中所图解说明，电子镜24也可包括多个液晶单元30。举例来说，液晶单元30可布置成规律的图案。可单独控制每一液晶单元30。即，可仅针对液晶单元30中的一些液晶单元提供放大。举例来说，如果可表示潜在危险的物体(例如，从后方靠近的车辆或摩托车骑手)反射在电子镜24中，则可通过将此物体放大来突出此物体。即，可向液晶单元30中的一者或多者而非所有提供低于阈值电压的电压，以使得提供放大但液晶单元30仍处于反射模式，而不向其他液晶单元30提供电压(关断状态、反射模式)。可通过任何适合的方式确定将通过在电子镜24上放大而突出的物体的位置。
已出于图解说明和描述目的而呈现实施方案的描述。对实施方案的适合修改和变化可鉴于以上描述执行或可从方法的实践中领会。所述布置本质上是示范性的，并且可包括额外元件和/或省略元件。如本申请中所使用，用单数阐述并且前面有词语“一(a或an)”的元件不应理解为排除复数个所述元件，除非所述排除被指出。此外，提及本公开的“一个实施方案”或“一个实例”不旨在解释为排除存在也具有所阐述特征的额外实施方案。术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等仅用作标签，并不旨在对物体施加数字要求或特定位置次序。所述系统本质上是示范性的，并且可包括额外元件和/或省略元件。本公开的主题包括各种系统与配置的所有新颖且不明显的组合和子组合以及所公开的其他特征、功能和/或性质。以下权利要求特别公开以上描述中被视为新颖且不明显的主题。

Claims (15)

1.一种包括液晶单元(30)的电子镜(24)，其中所述液晶单元(30)包括：
第一透明电极(34a)；
第二透明电极(34b)；
液晶层(36)，所述液晶层(36)包括布置在所述第一透明电极(34a)与所述第二透明电极(34b)之间的液晶分子；以及
AC电压源(50)，所述AC电压源(50)被配置成跨越在所述第一透明电极(34a)与所述第二透明电极(34b)之间的所述液晶层(36)施加交流电压，其中
当跨越所述液晶层(36)施加电压时，所述液晶层(36)中的所述液晶分子改变其定向，并且
所述电子镜(24)被配置成跨越所述液晶层(36)施加变化的电压，所述变化的电压从所述液晶层(36)的外侧区域朝向中心逐渐减小，以使得所述液晶层(36)的折射率从所述液晶层(36)的外侧区域朝向所述中心逐渐变化。
2.如权利要求1所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述第一透明电极(34a)包括第一区域(380)，所述第一区域(380)使得跨越所述液晶层(36)施加的电压从所述液晶层(36)的邻近所述第一区域(380)的外侧区域布置的区域朝向所述液晶层(36)的邻近所述液晶层(36)的所述中心布置的区域逐渐减小。
3.如权利要求2所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述第一区域(380)由所述第一透明电极(34a)的第二区域(382)环绕，其中所述第二区域(382)被配置成对所述液晶层(36)的邻近所述第二区域(382)布置的所有区域施加相同的电压。
4.如权利要求3所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述第一区域(380)的电阻率大于所述第二区域(382)的电阻率。
5.如权利要求2至4中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述第一区域(380)的电阻率是5Ω/sq或更大。
6.如权利要求2至5中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述第一区域(380)具有圆形横截面区域。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述液晶单元(30)还包括：
偏振滤光片层(32b)，其中所述第二透明电极(34b)布置在所述偏振滤光片层(32b)与所述液晶层(36)之间；以及
反射偏振滤光片层(32a)，其中所述第一透明电极(34a)布置在所述反射偏振滤光片层(32a)与所述液晶层(36)之间。
8.如权利要求7所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述偏振滤光片(32b)的透射轴与所述反射偏振滤光片(32a)的透射轴彼此垂直。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，其中当不对所述液晶层(36)施加电压时，所述液晶层(36)具有1.5或更大的折射率。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述电压源(50)耦合到所述第一透明电极(34a)和所述第二透明电极(34b)中的每一者的两个相对端。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，所述电子镜(24)包括多个液晶单元(30)。
12.如权利要求11所述的电子镜(24)，其中可独立控制所述多个液晶单元(30)中的每一者。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，其中所述电子镜(24)包括在车辆(10)的后视镜或侧视镜(20、22)中。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的电子镜(24)，所述电子镜(24)还包括显示器(40)，其中所述第一透明层(34a)布置在所述显示器(40)与所述液晶层(36)之间。
15.如权利要求14所述的电子镜(24)，其中
如果跨越所述液晶层(36)施加的电压低于阈值电压，则无法通过所述液晶单元(30)看到所述显示器(40)上显示的内容；并且
如果对所述液晶层(36)施加比所述阈值电压大的电压，则能够通过所述液晶单元(30)看到所述显示器(40)上显示的内容。
CN202211301378.6A 2021-12-07 2022-10-24 电子镜 Pending CN116243521A (zh)

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