CN116242808A - Device and method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution, which relate to the technical field of environmental monitoring and comprise a detection mechanism and a scanning unit for adjusting the detection mechanism, wherein the detection mechanism is arranged on the scanning unit and is driven to do horizontal and vertical rotation movement by the scanning unit; the laser emission unit emits laser, the signal receiving unit is used for receiving scattered signals generated by the laser emitted by the laser emission unit, the scattered signals received by the signal receiving unit are converted into electric signals through the photoelectric conversion unit, and the electric signals are received and stored through the data acquisition unit. The invention can realize three-dimensional scanning detection of the atmosphere of the area by utilizing a single detection device, acquire the three-dimensional distribution information of the regional atmosphere transmittance and the particle spectrum, and can provide scientific and effective meteorological data for large-scale activities such as large-scale scientific research activities, sports events, military activities and the like needing regional meteorological environment guarantee.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a device and a method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution.
Background
There are various sources of aerosol particles with different sizes in the atmosphere, and although the content of the particles is relatively small in the whole atmosphere, the particles with extremely small content can cause poor atmospheric visibility and reduced transmittance, and the particles have important influences on ecological environment and life health of people, and the influence degree is related to the concentration, spectral distribution and chemical composition of the aerosol particles.
At present, a point detection mode on the ground is mostly adopted for detecting the atmospheric transmittance and the particle spectrum. For the detection of the atmospheric transmittance, a solar radiometer and a star radiometer are commonly used, the two passive detection devices have high requirements on weather conditions, the sun or the star is shielded, so that effective data cannot be obtained, and a laser heterodyne technology is utilized. The measurement of the particle spectrum is mostly carried out in a point type air extraction sampling mode, such as sampling by a particle spectrometer and analyzing sampled data, but in most cases, only the distribution condition of the particle spectrum near the ground can be obtained, and airborne measurement is required to be carried out at a higher altitude, so that the cost is high; the inversion of the particle spectrum can be carried out by using a solar photometer, and the defect of observation data is that the observation data can only be concentrated in a certain specific area, the space-time continuity is lacking, the stability of an instrument needs to be ensured in measurement, the cost and the maintenance cost of the instrument are high, and the technology or the device for the atmospheric transmittance and the particle spectrum distribution has a plurality of inconveniences when continuously observing the optical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol.
The laser radar is an active optical remote sensing technology, and the basic principle is that a laser beam irradiates into the atmosphere to interact with aerosol particles in the atmosphere, then a back scattering echo signal is received, and the characteristics of the aerosol are determined through a certain inversion method. The laser radar is mainly characterized in that a laser active remote sensing detection technology is adopted, and the laser radar has high spatial resolution, large detection range and flexible use scene, so that the laser radar is widely applied to real-time detection of atmospheric aerosol and inversion analysis of atmospheric parameters. However, most of the atmospheric aerosol detection lidars only perform fixed vertical detection, and use single-wavelength laser for detection, and the detection mode has a certain limitation on acquiring particle spectrum information, and can not acquire regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution.
We have therefore proposed a device and method for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum in order to solve the problems set out above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution, which are used for solving any one of the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the three-dimensional distribution detection device for the regional atmosphere transmittance and the particle spectrum comprises a detection mechanism and a scanning unit for adjusting the detection mechanism, wherein the detection mechanism is arranged on the scanning unit, and the scanning unit drives the detection mechanism to do horizontal and vertical rotation;
the detection mechanism comprises a box body, wherein a signal receiving unit, a laser emitting unit, a photoelectric conversion unit, a data acquisition unit and a control unit are integrally arranged in the box body;
the signal receiving unit and the laser transmitting unit are arranged at one end of the box body, which is close to the box body, the laser transmitting unit transmits laser, the signal receiving unit is used for receiving scattered signals generated by the laser transmitted by the laser transmitting unit, the scattered signals received by the signal receiving unit are converted into electric signals through the photoelectric conversion unit, the electric signals are received and stored through the connection of the data collecting unit, and the control unit is electrically connected with the control scanning unit to move.
Preferably, the signal receiving unit comprises an optical telescope.
Preferably, the optical telescope is a reflection telescope or a transmission telescope with the caliber more than or equal to 100 mm.
Preferably, the laser emitting unit includes a laser that emits laser light of at least two different wavelengths simultaneously and an adjustment mirror.
Preferably, the laser emits a combination of laser wavelengths of 355nm and 1064nm.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion unit includes:
a PMT detector for receiving a band of visible light to ultraviolet;
and the APD detector is used for receiving the near infrared band.
A method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly mounting a detection device to a relatively high point, and setting a scanning detection angle so that a pitch angle and a horizontal rotation starting angle of scanning are zeroed;
s2, acquiring fixed point coordinates and pitching rotation angles in the step S1 through a detection mechanism, then starting to acquire and detect for the first time, storing position and posture information and detection data, and after the single detection acquisition is finished, starting to acquire and detect for the next time by horizontally rotating the detection mechanism by a step angle until the set horizontal rotation angles are all detected and scanned, and finishing detection;
s3, acquiring the atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum distribution by using a corresponding inversion algorithm, lofting inverted data, and mapping the data into a geographic information system.
Preferably, the fixed point coordinates acquired in S2 are consistent with the axis points mapped to the geographic information system in S3.
Preferably, the atmospheric transmittance in S3 is calculated by inversion of the lidar equation.
From the lidar equation (as shown in figure 7)
Wherein P is the laser emission power (W), and k is the laser radar system constant (W.km) 3 Sr), beta (r) and beta (r) are the backscattering coefficients (km) of the atmospheric aerosol particles and air molecules, respectively, at a distance r -1 Sr -1 ) Alpha (r) and alpha (r) are the extinction coefficients (km) of the aerosol particles and air molecules, respectively, at a distance r -1 )。
If a certain distance (height) r is known in advance c Where (nominal height) the extinction coefficients (nominal values) of the atmospheric aerosol particles and air molecules, fernald gives r c The following atmospheric aerosol particle extinction coefficients (backward integration) are shown in fig. 8.
And r is c The above atmospheric aerosol particle extinction coefficient (forward integral) is shown in fig. 9.
S a ＝α a (r)/β a (r) is the atmospheric aerosol extinction back-scattering ratio, which depends on the incident laser wavelength, the dimensional spectral distribution of the atmospheric aerosol particles and the refractive index, and is typically between 0 and 90, which is typically assumed to be constant. For 532nm wavelength S a For 1064nm wavelength, let s=50 a =40. Extinction back-scattering ratio S of air molecules m ＝α m (r)/β m (r) =8pi/3. Extinction coefficient alpha of air molecule m And (r) obtaining the density of air molecules through temperature, pressure and humidity image sounding data in actual atmosphere or using a temperature, pressure and humidity standard atmosphere mode, and then calculating by a molecular Rayleigh scattering theory. Nominal height r c Is determined by selecting the height at which the clean atmosphere is nearly free of atmospheric aerosol particles. At this height P (r) r 2 /β m The value of (2) is the smallest. Atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient boundary value alpha at 532nm wavelength a (r c ) Scattering ratio 1+beta from atmospheric aerosol a (r c )/β m (r c ) The atmospheric extinction coefficient boundary value for a wavelength of 1064nm is determined by an atmospheric aerosol scattering ratio of 1.08, =1.011.
Transmittance T OD (z) is obtained as in FIG. 10.
Preferably, the particle spectrum in S3 is obtained by calculating the extinction coefficient of the wavelength, calculating the ratio, searching the extinction ratio, the corresponding value of the effective diameter of the aerosol and correcting the aerosol model by the database.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize three-dimensional scanning detection of the atmosphere of the area by utilizing a single detection device, acquire the three-dimensional distribution information of the regional atmosphere transmittance and the particle spectrum, can provide scientific and effective meteorological data for large-scale activities such as large-scale scientific research activities, sports events, military activities and the like needing regional meteorological environment guarantee, and has great application value and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional distribution detection device for regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional distribution detection device for regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a box body of the three-dimensional distribution detection device for regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scanning detection flow of a three-dimensional distribution detection method for regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional scanning detection method for detecting regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a scanning detection spectrum integrated on a GIS by using a detection method for three-dimensional distribution of regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a formula of a laser radar equation for a method for detecting regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the formula of the extinction coefficient (backward integration) of an atmospheric aerosol particle according to the three-dimensional distribution detection method of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the formula of the extinction coefficient (forward integral) of an aerosol particle body above the detection method rc of the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows the transmittance T of a method for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum according to the present invention OD (z) formula;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a particle spectrum output flow chart of a method for detecting regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution.
In the figure: 1. a scanning unit; 2. a case; 3. a signal receiving unit; 301. an optical telescope; 4. a laser emitting unit; 401. a laser; 402. adjusting a mirror; 5. a photoelectric conversion unit; 501. PMT detectors; 502. an APD detector; 6. a data acquisition unit; 7. and a control unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: the three-dimensional distribution detection device for the regional atmosphere transmittance and the particle spectrum comprises a detection mechanism and a scanning unit 1 for adjusting the detection mechanism, wherein the detection mechanism is arranged on the scanning unit 1, and the scanning unit 1 drives the detection mechanism to do horizontal and vertical rotation;
the detection mechanism comprises a box body 2, wherein a signal receiving unit 3, a laser emitting unit 4, a photoelectric conversion unit 5, a data acquisition unit 6 and a control unit 7 are integrally arranged in the box body 2;
wherein the signal receiving unit 3 employs an optical telescope 301. The optical telescope 301 is a reflection telescope or a transmission telescope with the caliber not less than 100 mm.
The laser light emitting unit 4 includes a laser 401 and an adjustment mirror 402, and the laser 401 emits laser light of at least two different wavelengths simultaneously. The laser 401 emits a combination of laser wavelengths of 355nm and 1064nm.
The photoelectric conversion unit 5 includes:
The signal receiving unit 3 and the laser emitting unit 4 are installed at one end of the box 2 close to the box, the laser emitting unit 4 emits laser, the signal receiving unit 3 is used for receiving scattered signals generated by the laser emitted by the laser emitting unit 4, the scattered signals received by the signal receiving unit 3 are converted into electric signals through the photoelectric conversion unit 5 and are received and stored through the connection of the data collecting unit 6, and the control unit 7 is electrically connected to control the scanning unit 1 to move.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: when the device for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of the atmospheric transmittance and the particle spectrum in the region is used, firstly, two groups of laser light are emitted by the laser emitting unit 4, the laser light interacts with atmospheric aerosol particles to generate a back scattering signal, the back scattering signal with different wavelengths is received by the signal receiving unit 3 and converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric conversion unit 5, wherein the electric signal is received by the PMT detector 501 in a wavelength range from visible light to ultraviolet, and the APD detector 502 is received in a near infrared band. And then the data acquisition unit 6 receives the electric signals and processes the electric signals to obtain the atmospheric echo signals with various wavelengths, so as to finish one-time detection.
Then the control unit 7 controls the working time sequence of other functional units, and the scanning unit 1 is controlled to adjust the horizontal and pitch angles of the box body 2 until the set angle is completely detected. The scanning unit 1 adopts a three-dimensional pan-tilt or a servo unit with horizontal rotation and pitching rotation.
Referring to fig. 4-11, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution comprises the following steps:
s1, fixedly mounting a detection device to a relatively high point, and setting a scanning detection angle so that a pitch angle and a horizontal rotation starting angle of scanning are zeroed;
s2, acquiring fixed point coordinates and pitching rotation angles in the step S1 through a detection mechanism, then starting to acquire and detect for the first time, storing position and posture information and detection data, and after the single detection acquisition is finished, starting to acquire and detect for the next time by horizontally rotating the detection mechanism by a step angle until the set horizontal rotation angles are all detected and scanned, and finishing detection;
and S3, acquiring the atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum distribution by using a corresponding inversion algorithm, lofting the inverted data, and mapping the data into a geographic information system, and simultaneously keeping the axis points mapped into the geographic information system consistent with the fixed point coordinates acquired in the step S2. The atmospheric transmittance is obtained through inversion calculation of a laser radar equation. And calculating the extinction coefficient of the wavelength, calculating the ratio, searching the extinction ratio by a database, correcting the effective diameter corresponding value of the aerosol and the aerosol model, and finally obtaining the particle spectrum.
From the lidar equation (as shown in figure 7)
Wherein P is the laser emission power (W), and k is the laser radar system constant (W.km) 3 Sr), beta (r) and beta (r) are the backscattering coefficients (km) of the atmospheric aerosol particles and air molecules, respectively, at a distance r -1 Sr -1 ) Alpha (r) and alpha (r) are the extinction coefficients (km) of the aerosol particles and air molecules, respectively, at a distance r -1 )。
If a certain distance (height) r is known in advance c Large (calibrated height)Aerosol particles and air molecule extinction coefficient (calibration value), fernald gives r c The following atmospheric aerosol particle extinction coefficients (backward integration) are shown in fig. 8.
And r is c The above atmospheric aerosol particle extinction coefficient (forward integral) is shown in fig. 9.
S a ＝α a (r)/β a (r) is the atmospheric aerosol extinction back-scattering ratio, which depends on the incident laser wavelength, the dimensional spectral distribution of the atmospheric aerosol particles and the refractive index, and is typically between 0 and 90, which is typically assumed to be constant. For 532nm wavelength S a For 1064nm wavelength, let s=50 a =40. Extinction back-scattering ratio S of air molecules m ＝α m (r)/β m (r) =8pi/3. Extinction coefficient alpha of air molecule m And (r) obtaining the density of air molecules through temperature, pressure and humidity image sounding data in actual atmosphere or using a temperature, pressure and humidity standard atmosphere mode, and then calculating by a molecular Rayleigh scattering theory. Nominal height r c Is determined by selecting the height at which the clean atmosphere is nearly free of atmospheric aerosol particles. At this height P (r) r 2 /β m The value of (2) is the smallest. Atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient boundary value alpha at 532nm wavelength a (r c ) Scattering ratio 1+beta from atmospheric aerosol a (r c )/β m (r c ) The atmospheric extinction coefficient boundary value for a wavelength of 1064nm is determined by an atmospheric aerosol scattering ratio of 1.08, =1.011.
Transmittance T OD (z) is obtained as in FIG. 10.
What is not described in detail in this specification is all that is known to those skilled in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a regional atmosphere transmissivity and three-dimensional distribution detection device of particle spectrum which characterized in that: the device comprises a detection mechanism and a scanning unit (1) for adjusting the detection mechanism, wherein the detection mechanism is arranged on the scanning unit (1), and the detection mechanism is driven to do horizontal and vertical rotation movement by the scanning unit (1);
the detection mechanism comprises a box body (2), wherein a signal receiving unit (3), a laser emitting unit (4), a photoelectric conversion unit (5), a data acquisition unit (6) and a control unit (7) are integrated in the box body (2);
the device comprises a box body (2), a signal receiving unit (3) and a laser emitting unit (4), wherein the signal receiving unit (3) and the laser emitting unit (4) are arranged at one end, close to the box body (2), the laser emitting unit (4) emits laser, the signal receiving unit (3) is used for receiving scattered signals generated by the laser emitted by the laser emitting unit (4), the scattered signals received by the signal receiving unit (3) are converted into electric signals through a photoelectric conversion unit (5), the electric signals are received and stored through connection of a data acquisition unit (6), and a control unit (7) is electrically connected to control a scanning unit (1) to move.
2. The regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the signal receiving unit (3) comprises an optical telescope (301).
3. A regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution detecting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the optical telescope (301) is a reflection telescope or a transmission telescope with the caliber more than or equal to 100 mm.
4. The regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the laser emitting unit (4) comprises a laser (401) and an adjusting mirror (402), wherein the laser (401) emits laser light with at least two different wavelengths simultaneously.
5. The device for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum according to claim 4, wherein: the laser (401) emits a combination of laser wavelengths of 355nm and 1064nm.
6. A regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution detecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the photoelectric conversion unit (5) comprises:
a PMT detector (501), the PMT detector (501) for receiving a band of visible to ultraviolet light;
an APD detector (502), the APD detector (502) configured to receive the near infrared band.
7. A method for detecting regional atmosphere transmittance and particle spectrum three-dimensional distribution, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, fixedly mounting a detection device to a relatively high point, and setting a scanning detection angle so that a pitch angle and a horizontal rotation starting angle of scanning are zeroed;
s2, acquiring fixed point coordinates and pitching rotation angles in the step S1 through a detection mechanism, then starting to acquire and detect for the first time, storing position and posture information and detection data, and after the single detection acquisition is finished, starting to acquire and detect for the next time by horizontally rotating the detection mechanism by a step angle until the set horizontal rotation angles are all detected and scanned, and finishing detection;
s3, acquiring the atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum distribution by using a corresponding inversion algorithm, lofting inverted data, and mapping the data into a geographic information system.
8. The method for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fixed point coordinates acquired in S2 are consistent with the axis points mapped to the geographic information system in S3.
9. The method for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S3, obtaining the atmospheric transmittance through inversion calculation of a laser radar equation.
10. The method for detecting the three-dimensional distribution of regional atmospheric transmittance and particle spectrum according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S3, calculating the extinction coefficient of the wavelength, calculating the ratio, searching the extinction ratio by a database, correcting the effective diameter corresponding value of the aerosol and the aerosol model, and finally obtaining the particle spectrum.
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