CN116242695A

CN116242695A - Impact abrasion tester for granular materials

Info

Publication number: CN116242695A
Application number: CN202310323491.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈健; 李杰杰; 田韬
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2023-03-30
Filing date: 2023-03-30
Publication date: 2023-06-09

Abstract

The utility model provides a granule material impact abrasion testing machine, including the runner, tight pulley and fixed bolster, the coaxial suit of runner is on the tight pulley, and the runner passes through the drive mechanism drive and can rotate around the relative tight pulley in center, the inside of runner and tight pulley is all hollow, in the runner, use the rotation axis as the central symmetry to set up a plurality of separation blades along radial extension, separation blades separate the inner chamber of runner into a plurality of material promotion chambeies along the circumferencial direction, every material promotion chamber all is equipped with the opening towards tight pulley one side, the inner chamber of tight pulley is the test area, the top of tight pulley is equipped with the circulation feeder hopper, the bottom of tight pulley is equipped with the circulation discharge gate, material promotion chamber and circulation feeder hopper and circulation discharge gate intercommunication, be provided with sample bearing structure in the test area, sample bearing structure's top is equipped with sample anchor clamps, the export setting of guide passage is directly over sample anchor clamps. According to the invention, the process of continuously impacting the sample by simulating the abrasive is realized through the same batch of abrasive, so that the waste amount of the particle materials is reduced.

Description

Impact abrasion tester for granular materials

Technical Field

The invention relates to a particle material impact abrasion tester.

Background

Impact wear is one of the primary forms of wear of particulate material on equipment. Impact wear refers to the phenomenon of loss or flaking of material on the surface of an object caused by repeated impact of two objects, and is one of the main failure modes of a workpiece. For example, 1, equipment such as a conveyor, a bucket elevator and the like is required for ore transportation, and the equipment is required to bear the impact of the ore in the process of ore transportation, so that the equipment is easy to wear; 2. the ore is processed by using equipment such as a ball mill, and the equipment is subjected to the impact of the ore in the processing process, so that the abrasion is easy to generate. Impact wear is very necessary for the research of impact wear, because it not only causes frequent replacement of wearing parts of mineral processing and handling equipment, increases maintenance costs, but also reduces the operating efficiency of the equipment and increases downtime for the wear of the mining and processing mineral equipment.

The conventional impact abrasion testing machine can be roughly divided into: the servo motor-electromagnet type, lever type, spring cylinder type, free falling type and air gun jet type are mostly developed by experimenters or companies, working conditions which can be simulated are different, and the problems of lower automation degree, lower efficiency, uncontrollable impact abrasion strength and the like exist. However, none of the simulation test devices actually simulate the wear of mining and mineral processing equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the defects of the prior art and provides the particle material impact abrasion tester which can simulate the conveying and processing processes of the abrasive more truly, realize the recycling of the particle materials and reduce the waste amount of the particle materials.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a granule material impact abrasion testing machine at first, including runner, tight pulley and fixed bolster, the tight pulley passes through the fixed bolster to be fixed subaerial, the runner is annular, the internal diameter of runner and the external diameter phase-match of tight pulley, the runner is with the axle sleeve dress on the tight pulley, and the runner can rotate around the center relative to the tight pulley, the runner passes through actuating mechanism drive rotation, the inside of runner and tight pulley is all hollow, the runner is interior, regard rotation axis as the central symmetry to be provided with a plurality of separation blades along radial extension, the separation blade separates the inner chamber of runner, along the circumferencial direction into a plurality of material lifting chamber, every material lifting chamber all is equipped with the opening towards one side of the tight pulley, the inner chamber of tight pulley is the test zone, the top of tight pulley is equipped with the circulation feeder hopper, the bottom of tight pulley is equipped with the circulation discharge gate, the middle part of tight pulley side is equipped with openable guard gate and test zone intercommunication, the top of tight pulley side is equipped with the access connection of material feeding mechanism and circulation feeder hopper, when the material lifting chamber rotates to the circulation channel to the material lifting fixture in the tight pulley, the sample is provided with the sample in the sample is located to the circulation channel in the sample area.

In this embodiment, the protective door is made of a transparent material.

In this embodiment, the runner includes a first casing, the fixed wheel includes a second casing, and two side walls of the first casing are respectively connected with an outer wall of the second casing through bearings.

In this embodiment, actuating mechanism includes motor and friction pulley, subaerial two friction pulleys that are fixed with, the friction pulley is parallel with the rotation axis of runner, and two friction pulleys set up respectively in the both sides of runner and with the first casing outer wall butt of runner, the output shaft of motor is connected with the rotation axis of one of them friction pulley, drives the friction pulley through the motor and rotates to drive the runner rotation.

In this embodiment, the side wall of the fixed wheel is further provided with a dust collection hole communicated with the test area.

In this embodiment, the crushed aggregates is collected the box in the tight pulley, in the bilateral symmetry of circulation discharge gate, the top that crushed aggregates collected the box is sieve, inside confined collection chamber that forms, the sieve inclines towards circulation discharge gate to be set up, the side of tight pulley is provided with the dust removal mouth with collection chamber intercommunication, install detachable closing door on the dust removal mouth.

In this embodiment, feeding mechanism includes feed channel and discharge channel, feed channel's being provided with a feed inlet, first export and second export, feed channel's first export and second export are close to each other, feed channel's first export and circulation feeder hopper's import intercommunication, second export and discharge channel's access connection, be provided with the guide in the feed channel and turn over the board, the one end of guide turns over the board and articulates between discharge channel's first export and second export, and the other end is free movable end, and during the charge state, the guide turns over the board and rotates to in the feed channel around the pin joint and seal the second export, during the discharge state, the guide turns over the board and rotates to the circulation feeder hopper around the pin joint in seal the import of circulation feeder hopper.

In this embodiment, sample bearing structure includes sample anchor clamps, elevating system and angle adjustment mechanism, elevating system fixes in the tight pulley, angle adjustment mechanism fixes on the elevating system's that upgrades the mechanism lift end, sample anchor clamps are fixed on angle adjustment mechanism's activity end.

In this embodiment, be provided with at least one baffle of laying perpendicularly on the top surface of sample anchor clamps, the baffle separates into a plurality of sample with sample anchor clamps and places the district, and the bottom of every sample is placed the district and is equipped with force sensor.

In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism includes a top plate, a lifting arm, a screw and a base, the top plate is connected with the base through the lifting arm, the lifting arm is driven to lift through the screw, a guide rail is fixed above the circulating discharge port in the fixed wheel, a clamping groove matched with the guide rail is arranged at the bottom of the base, the base is fixed on the guide rail through the clamping groove, and the position of the base on the guide rail can be adjusted through the clamping groove;

the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a supporting seat and an angle disc, wherein the supporting seat is fixed on the top plate, a semicircular angle disc is fixed at the bottom of the sample clamp, the angle disc is vertically arranged with the sample clamp, the bottom of the sample clamp is hinged to the top of the supporting seat, scales corresponding to the rotation angles are arranged on the angle disc, positioning holes are formed in positions corresponding to the scales on the angle disc, pin holes corresponding to the positioning holes on the angle disc are formed in the supporting seat, and the sample clamp is fixed around the rotation angles of the supporting seat through bolts inserted in the positioning holes and the pin holes.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the device is provided with the tight pulley, the runner, the sample anchor clamps, when carrying out the impact abrasion test of sample, the abrasive material passes through the accurate sample that falls to the sample anchor clamps of guide passageway from the top of tight pulley, then the abrasive material falls into the material lift chamber from the circulation discharge gate again, through the uniform rotation of runner, the abrasive material is carried back to the circulation feeder hopper at tight pulley top through the material lift chamber, reentry guide passageway from the circulation feeder hopper, through same batch abrasive material like this, realize the process that the simulated abrasive material continuously assaults the sample, the waste amount of abrasive material has significantly reduced, need not set up solitary abrasive material storage space, the volume of mechanism has been reduced, whole in-process abrasive material is in the inside contact with the external world all the time of machine, the emission of dust has been reduced, the environment in experimental place has been protected.

2. The sample supporting structure of the device can realize lifting and angle adjustment, and can simulate the impact of abrasive materials to different angles of a sample through the rotating angle adjusting mechanism when impact abrasion testing is carried out, and the impact strength can be adjusted through the lifting mechanism, so that the simulation range of the testing machine is improved.

3. The device realizes two actions of feeding and discharging of the feeding and discharging mechanism through the material guiding turning plate by arranging the feeding and discharging mechanism, and by adopting the mode, independent loading and unloading devices are not required to be arranged, and the loading and unloading actions are not required to be equipped with additional motor driving, so that the device has a simple and reliable structure, reduces the volume of the device and saves energy consumption.

To sum up, this device on the one hand, can simulate the operating mode of the impact of different angles, and the process of abrasive material transportation and handling is laminated more to the operating mode of simulation, on the other hand, the heavy load impact abrasion experiment that is applicable to that on the other hand, has realized the cyclic utilization of abrasive material, has significantly reduced the abandonment volume of abrasive material, has practiced thrift the energy consumption, and the abrasive material is in the machine inside always in the whole test process, has significantly reduced the emission of dust.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a sample support structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a sample support structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding state of the feeding and discharging mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a discharging state of the feeding and discharging mechanism of the invention.

In the attached drawings, 1, a rotating wheel; 11. a first housing; 12. a partition blade; 13. a material lifting cavity; 2. a fixed wheel; 21. a second housing; 22. a circulation feed hopper; 23. a material guiding channel; 24. a scrap collecting box; 25. a collection chamber; 26. a guide rail; 27. a protective door; 28. a circulating discharge port; 29. a dust removal port; 3. a fixed bracket; 4. a driving mechanism; 41. a motor; 42. a friction wheel; 5. a feeding and discharging mechanism; 51. a feed channel; 52. a discharge channel; 53. a material guiding device; 531. a material guiding turning plate; 54. a feed inlet; 55. a discharge port; 6. a sample support structure; 61. a sample holder; 611. a clamping plate; 62. a baffle; 63. a lifting mechanism; 631. a top plate; 632. a lifting arm; 633. a screw rod; 634. a guide device; 635. a base; 636. a clamping groove; 64. an angle adjusting mechanism; 641. an angle scale; 642. a support base; 643. a plug pin; 7. and (3) a sample.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered as not existing, and not falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-7, a particulate material impact abrasion testing machine includes a rotating wheel 1, a fixed wheel 2 and a fixed bracket 3, wherein the fixed wheel 2 is fixed on the ground through the fixed bracket 3, the rotating wheel 1 is annular, the inner diameter of the rotating wheel 1 is matched with the outer diameter of the fixed wheel 2, the rotating wheel 1 is coaxially sleeved on the fixed wheel 2, the rotating wheel 1 can rotate around the center relative to the fixed wheel 2, and the rotating wheel 1 realizes rotation through a driving mechanism 4 (in this embodiment, the rotating wheel 1 includes a first shell 11, the fixed wheel 2 includes a second shell 21, and two side walls of the first shell 11 are respectively connected with the outer wall of the second shell 21 through bearings; so that the rotating wheel 1 can stably rotate on the fixed wheel 2, the rotating wheel 1 and the fixed wheel 2 are hollow, a plurality of separation blades 12 extending along the radial direction are symmetrically distributed in the rotating wheel 1 by taking the rotating shaft as the center, the separation blades 12 divide the inner cavity of the rotating wheel 1 into a plurality of material lifting cavities 13 along the circumferential direction, the material lifting cavities 13 form openings towards one side of the fixed wheel 2 (in the embodiment, the rotating wheel 1 only has an outer wall and a side wall and has no inner wall, the separation blades 12 are respectively welded with the outer wall and the two side plates so as to form a material lifting cavity 13 with one side open, one side of the separation blades 12 close to the fixed wheel 2 is bent along the circumferential direction to form an arc-shaped plate, the bending direction of the arc-shaped plate is the same as the rotating direction of the rotating wheel 1), the inner cavity of the fixed wheel 2 is a testing area for impact abrasion testing, the top of the fixed wheel 2 is provided with a circulating feed hopper 22, the bottom of the fixed wheel 2 is provided with a circulating discharge port 28, the middle part of the side of the fixed wheel 2 is provided with an openable protective door 27 communicated with the testing area, the side wall of the fixed wheel 2 is also provided with a dust collection hole communicated with a test area, in this embodiment, the protection door 27 is made of transparent material (such as glass), the top of the side surface of the fixed wheel 2 is provided with a feeding and discharging mechanism 5 connected with the inlet of the circulating feed hopper 22, the inlet of the circulating feed hopper 22 and the circulating discharge port 28 are both communicated with the material lifting cavity 13, the outlet of the circulating feed hopper 22 is communicated with the test area through a material guide channel 23, a sample supporting structure 6 is arranged in the test area, the top of the sample supporting structure 6 is provided with a sample clamp 61, and the material guide channel 23 is arranged right above the sample clamp 61;

the fixed wheel 2 is internally and symmetrically provided with crushed aggregates collecting boxes 24 at two sides of a circulating discharge hole 28, the tops of the crushed aggregates collecting boxes 24 are provided with sieve plates and inner cavities to form collecting cavities 25, the sieve plates are obliquely arranged, so that large-particle materials can be guided into the circulating discharge hole 28, smaller crushed particles which do not meet the testing requirements enter the collecting cavities 25 through the sieve plates, the side of tight pulley 2 is provided with the dust removal mouth 29 with collection chamber 25 intercommunication, install detachable closing door on the dust removal mouth 29, during the use, open the closing door, directly be connected dust catcher and dust removal mouth 29, realize collecting the interior broken material of chamber 25 and discharging.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the sample supporting structure 6 comprises a sample holder 61, a lifting mechanism 63 and an angle adjusting mechanism 64, wherein at least one baffle 62 which is vertically arranged is arranged on the top surface of the sample holder 61, the baffle 62 divides the sample holder 61 into a plurality of sample placing areas, a force sensor is arranged at the bottom of each sample placing area, the sample holder 61 is provided with a plurality of clamping plates 611 in each sample placing area, a fixing hole is arranged on each clamping plate 611, a sample can be fixed through the clamping plates 611 after being placed in the sample placing area, the sample is further locked in the sample placing area through the fixing hole by a fastening bolt, the movement of the sample is prevented,

the lifting mechanism 63 comprises a top plate 631, a lifting arm 632, a screw 633, a guiding device 634 and a base 635, wherein the lifting arm 632 is provided with four sections and is hinged to form a diamond scissor type structure, the bottom end of the lifting arm 632 is hinged to the base 635, the top end of the lifting arm 632 is hinged to the top plate 631, the middle part of the lifting arm 632 is connected to the screw 633 along the diagonal line of the diamond at every two sections in a threaded manner, the lifting arm 632 can be moved between a lifting state and a retracting state by rotating the screw 633, lifting effect is achieved, and the guiding device 634 is installed between the top plate and the base, so that stability of the top plate during upgrading is guaranteed. The guide rail 26 is fixed above the circulating discharge port 28 in the fixed wheel 2, a clamping groove 636 matched with the guide rail 26 is arranged at the bottom of the base 635, the base 635 is fixed on the guide rail 26 through the clamping groove 636, and the position of the base 635 on the guide rail 26 can be adjusted through the clamping groove 636.

The angle adjusting mechanism 64 comprises a supporting seat 642 and an angle dial 641, the supporting seat 642 is fixed on the top plate 631, a semicircular angle dial 641 is fixed at the bottom of the sample clamp 61, the angle dial 641 is vertically arranged with the sample clamp 61, the bottom of the sample clamp 61 is hinged at the top of the supporting seat 642, scales corresponding to the rotation angle are arranged on the angle dial 641, positioning holes are arranged on the angle dial 641 at positions corresponding to the scales, pin holes corresponding to the positioning holes on the angle dial 641 are arranged on the supporting seat 642, and the rotation angle of the sample clamp 61 around the supporting seat 642 is fixed through bolts 643 inserted in the positioning holes and the pin holes.

The feeding mechanism 5 comprises a feeding channel 51 and a discharging channel 52, the feeding channel 51 is provided with a feeding port 54, a first outlet and a second outlet, the horizontal height of the feeding port 54 is higher than that of the first outlet and the second outlet, the first outlet and the second outlet of the feeding channel 51 are close to each other, the first outlet of the feeding channel 51 is communicated with the inlet of the circulating feeding hopper 22, the second outlet is connected with the inlet of the discharging channel 52, the discharging port of the discharging channel 52 is arranged at a position close to the ground, a material guiding device 53 is arranged in the feeding channel 51, the material guiding device 53 comprises a material guiding flap 531 and a push rod which facilitates the rotation of the material guiding flap 531, one end of the material guiding flap 531 is hinged between the first outlet and the second outlet of the discharging channel 52, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in a feeding state, the flap 531 is driven to rotate around a hinge point to the feeding channel 51 to seal the second outlet, in a discharging state, the circulation feeding hopper 22 is driven around the hinge point to rotate around the hinge point to the circulation feeding hopper 22, and the feeding flap 531 is driven to realize feeding action by the material guiding flap 531 and the feeding mechanism 5.

The driving mechanism 4 comprises a motor 41 and friction wheels 42, two friction wheels 42 are fixed on the ground, the friction wheels 42 are parallel to the rotating shaft of the rotating wheel 1, the two friction wheels 42 are respectively arranged on two sides of the rotating wheel 1 and are in butt joint with the rotating wheel 1, an output shaft of the motor 41 is connected with the rotating shaft of one friction wheel 42, and the friction wheels 42 are driven to rotate through the motor 41, so that the rotating wheel 1 is driven to rotate.

Working principle:

when the sample clamp is used, firstly, the weight of the sample is weighed and photographed, the plane of the sample clamp 61 is ensured to be free of sundries, the protective door 27 is opened, the sample is installed on the sample clamp 61, the optional size of the sample is 300×300mm or two 150×300mm samples (when two or more samples exist, the sample clamp 61 with a baffle plate is needed, the sample clamp 61 is divided into two sample placement areas matched with the sample size by the baffle plate, thus, independent testing of a plurality of samples is realized), the sample size can be regulated according to actual needs, the sample level is ensured, the bolt is tightly locked, the force sensor can collect the impact force condition shown by the sample in the experimental process, then the angle regulating mechanism 64 is regulated, the inclination angle of the sample clamp 61 is locked by the bolt 643 after the angle selection is finished, then the sample clamp 61 is lifted to the designated height by rotating the lead screw 633, and the protective door 27 is closed.

Recording the initial mass of the particle materials, rotating the material guiding flap 531, enabling the feeding and discharging mechanism 5 to be in a feeding state, opening the driving mechanism 4, controlling the rotating wheel 1 to rotate slowly, pouring the particle materials from the feeding port 54 of the feeding and discharging mechanism 5 by using a forklift, then connecting the dust collection hole with dust collection equipment externally, adjusting the rotating wheel 1 to the speed required by the impact test after the feeding process is completed, keeping constant-speed rotation, and waiting for the end of the experimental period.

After the impact abrasion test is finished, the unloading stage is carried out, the speed of the rotating wheel 1 is regulated, the rotating wheel 1 rotates slowly, a collector for materials is placed below the feeding and discharging mechanism 5, the material guide turning plate 531 is rotated, the feeding and discharging mechanism 5 is in a discharging state, the particulate materials enter the particulate material collector through the feeding and discharging mechanism 5, the quality of the particulate materials after the test is recorded, the driving mechanism 4 is stopped after the unloading of the particulate materials is finished, after no obvious dust in the test area is ensured, the external dust collection equipment is closed, the protective door 27 is opened, the sample is taken out, washed and dried, the weight of the sample is weighed, recorded and photographed, the dust collection opening 29 is opened to remove the finely divided particulate materials in the crushed aggregates collection box 24, the weight and the surface abrasion condition of the sample are compared, and the impact abrasion test is analyzed by combining impact force data recorded by the force sensor.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather utilizing equivalent structural changes made in the present invention description and drawings or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a granule material impact wear testing machine which characterized in that: including runner (1), tight pulley (2) and fixed bolster (3), tight pulley (2) are fixed subaerial through fixed bolster (3), runner (1) is the annular, the internal diameter of runner (1) and the external diameter phase-match of tight pulley (2), the coaxial suit of runner (1) is on tight pulley (2) to runner (1) is rotatory around relative tight pulley (2) of center pin through actuating mechanism (4) drive, the inside of runner (1) and tight pulley (2) is all hollow, in runner (1), with the rotation axis as central symmetry cloth have a plurality of separation blade (12) along radial extension, separation blade (12) separate the inner chamber of runner (1) into a plurality of material lifting chamber (13) along the circumferencial direction, every material lifting chamber (13) all are equipped with the opening towards tight pulley (2) one side, the inner chamber of tight pulley (2) is the test area that is used for the impact test, the top of tight pulley (2) is equipped with circulation feeder hopper (22), the bottom of tight pulley (2) is equipped with circulation gate (28) and is equipped with the fixed pulley (2) and is equipped with the protection inlet and outlet (2) and protection zone (27) and the top is equipped with the protection zone (5) of the side of wearing and tearing and being connected with, when material lifting cavity (13) in runner (1) rotate to the import top of circulation feeder hopper (22) and the below of circulation discharge gate (28), material lifting cavity (13) and circulation feeder hopper (22) and circulation discharge gate (28) intercommunication, the export of circulation feeder hopper (22) is through guide passageway (23) and test district intercommunication, be provided with sample supporting structure (6) in the test district, the top of sample supporting structure (6) is equipped with sample anchor clamps (61), the export setting of guide passageway (23) is directly over sample anchor clamps (61).

2. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 1, wherein: the protective door (27) is made of transparent materials.

3. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 1, wherein: the rotating wheel (1) comprises a first shell (11), the fixed wheel (2) comprises a second shell (21), and two side walls of the first shell (11) are respectively connected with the outer wall of the second shell (21) through bearings.

4. A particulate material impact wear tester according to claim 3, wherein: the driving mechanism (4) comprises a motor (41) and friction wheels (42), two friction wheels (42) are fixed on the ground, the friction wheels (42) are arranged in parallel with the rotating shaft of the rotating wheel (1), the two friction wheels (42) are respectively arranged on two sides of the rotating wheel (1) and are abutted against the outer wall of a first shell (11) of the rotating wheel (1), an output shaft of the motor (41) is connected with the rotating shaft of one friction wheel (42), and the motor (41) drives the friction wheels (42) to rotate so as to drive the rotating wheel (1) to rotate.

5. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 1, wherein: the side wall of the fixed wheel (2) is also provided with dust collection holes communicated with the test area.

6. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a dust collection device, including fixed wheel (2), circulation discharge gate (28), crushing material collection box (24) are provided with in the both sides symmetry of fixed wheel (2), the top of crushing material collection box (24) is sieve, inside confined collection chamber (25) that forms, the sieve sets up towards circulation discharge gate (28) slope, the side of fixed wheel (2) is provided with dust removal mouth (29) with collection chamber (25) intercommunication, install detachable closing door on dust removal mouth (29).

7. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 1, wherein: the feeding and discharging mechanism (5) comprises a feeding channel (51) and a discharging channel (52), wherein the feeding channel (51) is provided with a feeding port (54), a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet of the feeding channel (51) is communicated with the inlet of the circulating feeding hopper (22), the second outlet is connected with the inlet of the discharging channel (52), a material guiding turning plate (531) is arranged in the feeding channel (51), one end of the material guiding turning plate (531) is hinged between the first outlet and the second outlet of the discharging channel (52), the other end of the material guiding turning plate (531) is a free movable end, during a feeding state, the material guiding turning plate (531) rotates around a hinge point to the feeding channel (51) to seal the second outlet, and during a discharging state, the material guiding turning plate (531) rotates around the hinge point to the circulating feeding hopper (22) to seal the inlet of the circulating feeding hopper (22).

8. The particulate matter impact wear tester of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the sample supporting structure (6) comprises a sample clamp (61), a lifting mechanism (63) and an angle adjusting mechanism (64), wherein the lifting mechanism (63) is fixed in the fixed wheel (2), the angle adjusting mechanism (64) is fixed on the lifting end of the upgrading mechanism, and the sample clamp (61) is fixed on the movable end of the angle adjusting mechanism (64).

9. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 8, wherein: the top surface of the sample clamp (61) is provided with at least one baffle (62) which is vertically distributed, the baffle (62) divides the sample clamp (61) into a plurality of sample placement areas, and the bottom of each sample placement area is provided with a force sensor.

10. The particulate matter impact wear tester of claim 8, wherein: the lifting mechanism (63) comprises a top plate (631), a lifting arm (632), a screw rod (633) and a base (635), the top plate (631) is connected with the base (635) through the lifting arm (632), the lifting arm (632) is driven to lift through the screw rod (633), a guide rail is fixed above a circulating discharge hole (28) in the fixed wheel (2), a clamping groove matched with the guide rail is formed in the bottom of the base (635), and the base (635) is fixed on the guide rail through the clamping groove;

the angle adjusting mechanism (64) comprises a supporting seat (642) and an angle dial (641), the supporting seat (642) is fixed on the top plate (631), a semicircular angle dial (641) is fixed at the bottom of the sample clamp (61), the angle dial (641) is vertically arranged with the sample clamp (61), the bottom of the sample clamp (61) is hinged to the top of the supporting seat (642), a scale corresponding to the rotation angle is arranged on the angle dial (641), a positioning hole is arranged on the angle dial (641) at a position corresponding to the scale, and a pin hole corresponding to the positioning hole on the angle dial (641) is arranged on the supporting seat (642).