CN116242578A - Wing-shaped space flow field display device of string type fluorescent microfilament - Google Patents
Wing-shaped space flow field display device of string type fluorescent microfilament Download PDFInfo
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- CN116242578A CN116242578A CN202310524551.7A CN202310524551A CN116242578A CN 116242578 A CN116242578 A CN 116242578A CN 202310524551 A CN202310524551 A CN 202310524551A CN 116242578 A CN116242578 A CN 116242578A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/065—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow
- G01M9/067—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow visualisation
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
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Abstract
The invention provides a string type fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display device which comprises steel wires, mapping templates, replaceable metal modules, fluorescent microfilaments, ultraviolet lamps and a binocular camera, wherein the mapping templates are plate-shaped mechanisms imitating the surface shape of wing-shaped materials and are arranged on one side of the wing surface of a wing-shaped model; the replaceable metal module is attached to the surface of the airfoil model, and a plurality of steel wires are arranged between the replaceable metal module and the mapping template; the steel wire is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel, and a plurality of fluorescent microfilaments are arranged on the steel wire; the ultraviolet lamp is arranged on the wall of the wind tunnel and is used for exciting fluorescence of the fluorescent microfilaments; the binocular camera term captures the motion state of the fluorescent microfilaments. The invention can realize flow field display in a larger space range, ensure that the steel wire is always vertical to the incoming flow direction in the change process of the attack angle of the airfoil model, and has simpler operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to an airfoil space flow field display device.
Background
The fluorescent microfilament flow display technology is widely applied to the research of surface flow separation effect in various wind tunnels and external field tests because of the characteristics of low cost, simple operation, small influence on flow fields and the like. The technology is based on the traditional silk thread flow display technology, and the traditional silk thread is replaced by the superfine fluorescent micro-thread made of synthetic fiber containing fluorescent substances. In actual use, one end of the fluorescent microfilament is fixed on the surface of the test model, the other end of the fluorescent microfilament swings along with the flow, and ultraviolet light with specific wavelength irradiates the fluorescent microfilament to excite fluorescence with high brightness, and then a camera is used for shooting, so that the flow field display on the surface of the model is realized. Besides surface flow state display, the display of the space flow field has important significance in wind tunnel experiments, and the existing space flow display methods comprise a smoke line method, a shadow method, a schlieren method, an interferometry method, a laser film light method, a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and the like, and the display of the space flow field can be realized under specific conditions.
The traditional fluorescent silk thread method is to arrange silk threads on the surface of a model, and the two-dimensional flow state of the surface of the model can be obtained by monocular vertical shooting, but no depth information exists. For a slight separation area in the flow, the silk thread shows large-angle deflection, the traditional fluorescent silk thread method is difficult to distinguish the attached flow deflection from the separated flow, and when separation occurs on the surface of a model, the traditional method cannot obtain the space influence range of the separated vortex and the development rule of the vortex, so that difficulty is brought to flow field interpretation. However, the conventional spatial flow field display method can realize the display of the spatial flow field under specific conditions, but has strict limitation on the use condition and has weak applicability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the wing-shaped space flow field display device of the string-type fluorescent microfilaments, which can realize space flow display with more concise operation and stronger application range by utilizing the characteristic that the fluorescent microfilaments swing along with the flow direction so as to display the flow direction and combining with the binocular vision technology.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a string type fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display device comprises a steel wire, an imaging template, a replaceable metal module, a fluorescent microfilament, an ultraviolet lamp and a binocular camera.
The mapping template is a plate-shaped mechanism imitating the surface shape of the airfoil, and is arranged on one side of the airfoil model; the replaceable metal module is attached to the surface of the airfoil model, and a plurality of steel wires are arranged between the replaceable metal module and the mapping template; the steel wire is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel, and a plurality of fluorescent microfilaments are arranged on the steel wire; the ultraviolet lamp is arranged on the wall of the wind tunnel and is used for exciting fluorescence of the fluorescent microfilaments; the binocular camera term captures the motion state of the fluorescent microfilaments.
The surface of the mapping template facing the airfoil model is a mapping surface, the shape of the mapping surface is identical to the upper surface of the airfoil, and a hole site is formed on the mapping surface for fixing one end of the steel wire.
The replaceable metal modules are respectively attached to the surfaces of the airfoil model at different spreading positions, so that the surface of the model is complete and smooth.
The distance between the steel wires is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the steel wires and the pressure measuring holes on the surface of the airfoil model are installed at intervals.
The steel wire adopts an elastic connection mode at one end of the mapping template, namely, the tension spring is fixed on the steel wire fixing hole of the mapping template, and then the steel wire is connected with the free end of the spring.
The steel wire is fixed on the replaceable metal module by a punching and planting method, and the fluorescent microfilaments are fixed on the steel wire by a punching and planting method.
The length of the fluorescent microfilaments is 20-40 mm, and the distance between the fluorescent microfilaments is 1-1.5 times of the length of the fluorescent microfilaments.
And the free ends of the fluorescent microfilaments are subjected to glue dripping treatment.
The invention also comprises a resident chamber, wherein the resident chamber is a closed cabin fixed on the outer wall of the wind tunnel, and a plurality of gaps are formed between the resident chamber and the wind tunnel wall; the mapping template is arranged on a rotating shaft in the residence chamber, and the steel wire passes through the gap to be connected with the replaceable metal module; the two ends of the wing model are respectively connected with a turntable through a rotating shaft, and the turntable is arranged on the side wall of the wind tunnel; the rotating shaft of the wing model is parallel to the rotating shaft of the mapping template and is positioned at the same station along the flow direction, and the steel wire fixing hole position on the mapping template is the same as the steel wire installation station on the surface of the wing model.
The binocular camera is arranged on the outer side of the turntable on the side wall of the wind tunnel, two cameras of the binocular camera are kept parallel, the distance is 10-20 cm, and fluorescent microfilaments are shot through the turntable made of transparent materials.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the traditional fluorescent microfilament flow display method, the method has the advantages that one end of a silk thread is fixed on the surface of a model, and a flow field display in a larger space range is realized by arranging a fluorescent microfilament array on a steel wire arranged in the space range; the design of the mapping template with the same shape as the upper surface of the airfoil model ensures that the mapping template synchronously rotates along with the airfoil model, and the steel wire is always vertical to the incoming flow direction in the change process of the incidence angle of the airfoil model. Meanwhile, the invention utilizes binocular vision technology to obtain depth information of the silk thread except for two-dimensional deflection, and combines digital image processing technology to realize digital space flow field display by utilizing fluorescent microfilaments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fluorescent microwire flow display device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an installation of a device of the airfoil space flow field display technique of the string-type fluorescent microfilaments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a device for displaying the airfoil space flow field of the string-type fluorescent microfilaments according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is an image acquisition part mounting schematic diagram of the airfoil space flow field display technical device of the string-type fluorescent microfilaments of the present invention;
the device comprises a 1-turntable, a 2-wind tunnel wall, a 3-airfoil model, a 4-replaceable metal module, a 5-steel wire, a 6-mapping template, a 7-resident chamber, an 8-tunnel wall slit, a 9-fluorescent microfilament and a 10-binocular camera.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
The invention provides an airfoil space flow field display device of string type fluorescent microfilaments, which comprises:
the steel wires are distributed and fixed in a space range perpendicular to the incoming flow direction and are used for installing fluorescent microfilaments on the steel wires;
the mapping template is a plate-shaped mechanism imitating the shape of the upper surface of the airfoil, one surface of the mapping template facing the airfoil model is defined as a mapping surface, the shape of the mapping surface is identical to that of the upper surface of the airfoil, a hole site is formed in the mapping surface and used for fixing one end of a steel wire, the position of the hole site is required to be adjusted according to different airfoil models, the position of the hole site corresponds to the installation position of the steel wire on the model, the installation requirement of the steel wire on the surface of the model is that the steel wire distance is between 1.5cm and 3.5cm, and the steel wire is installed at intervals with a pressure measuring hole on the surface of the model;
the resident chamber is a closed cabin fixed on the outer wall of the wind tunnel, and aims to ensure the sealing of the wind tunnel test section, and the mapping template is arranged on a rotating shaft in the resident chamber;
the replaceable metal modules are in a plurality of shapes, and the shape of the replaceable metal modules is required to be attached to the surface of the airfoil model and used for fixing the other ends of the steel wires so as to realize the universality of the test mechanism when researching the flow of different spreading positions;
the fluorescent microfilaments are arranged on the steel wire to form a fluorescent microfilament array, the length of each fluorescent microfilament is 20-40 mm, and the distance between the fluorescent microfilaments is 1-1.5 times of the length of each fluorescent microfilament so as to avoid mutual interference among the filaments and display the flowing direction;
the ultraviolet lamp is arranged outside the observation window on the upper wall of the wind tunnel and is used for exciting fluorescent microfilament fluorescence;
the binocular camera is arranged on the outer side of the turntable on the side wall of the wind tunnel, the two cameras of the binocular camera are kept parallel, the distance between the two cameras is 10 cm-20 cm, the positions of the two cameras are adjusted according to different installation positions of the silk threads, and the motion state of the silk threads can be clearly captured.
Further, the rotating shaft of the mapping device is parallel to the rotating shaft of the wing model and is positioned at the same station along the flow direction, and the steel wire fixing hole position on the mapping template is kept the same as the steel wire mounting station on the upper surface of the wing model.
Further, the steel wire adopts an elastic connection mode at one end of the mapping template, namely, the tension spring is fixed on the steel wire fixing hole of the mapping template, and then the steel wire is connected with the free end of the spring.
Further, the relative positions of the imaging template shaft and the imaging surface are the same as the relative positions of the wing-type mold shaft and the upper surface.
Further, the replaceable metal module is installed on the surface of the airfoil model to enable the model surface to be completely smooth.
Further, the steel wire is fixed on the replaceable metal module by a punching and planting method.
Further, a row of micropores are punched on the steel wire by laser, and the fluorescent microfilaments are fixed in the holes by a planting method.
Further, the replaceable metal modules may be secured in different spanwise locations of the airfoil model, and the mapping template may be secured in different locations axially within the residence chamber.
Further, the steel wire passes through the wall of the wind tunnel through the slit on the wall of the tunnel.
Further, the wind tunnel turntable is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper turntable is made of transparent materials, a camera can conveniently shoot, and the lower turntable is made of the same materials as the wind tunnel.
Further, a digital processing technology is adopted to obtain the space angle of the silk thread under the binocular vision condition so as to form a space flow field.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a conventional fluorescent microfilament flow display device, one end of a fluorescent microfilament 9 is installed on the surface of an airfoil model 3, and the other end swings along with the flow, so that the flow near the surface of the airfoil model 3 can be displayed.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a string type fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display technology and a device thereof, in some embodiments, one end of a steel wire 5 is installed on a replaceable metal module 4 on the surface of a wing-shaped model 3 by a planting method, the installation requirement of the steel wire is that the steel wire interval is between 15mm and 35mm, the replaceable metal module is installed at intervals with a pressure measuring hole on the surface of the model, the replaceable metal module is in a shape of being attached to the surface of the wing-shaped model, the replaceable microfilament is installed on the surface of the wing-shaped model at a position 200mm plus or minus 50mm away from a side wall of the wing-shaped model, one end for fixing the steel wire is installed on a turntable 1 in a wind tunnel, a closed residence chamber 7 is installed outside the wind tunnel, the purpose is to ensure the closing of a wind tunnel test section, a mapping template 6 is installed on a rotating shaft in the residence chamber 7, the mapping template is a plate-shaped mechanism imitating the shape of the upper surface of the wing-shaped model, the surface of the mapping template is defined to be an imaging surface, the shape of the mapping surface is identical to the upper surface of the wing-shaped model, when the angle of the wing-shaped model changes, the steel wire is always perpendicular to the direction of incoming flow, the mapping surface is provided with another end for fixing the hole site, the position corresponds to the position on the surface of the wing-shaped model, and the position corresponds to the position of the steel wire on the installation position on the surface on the side of the wing model through the wall 2. The wing model 3 rotates along with the turntable 1 to drive the mapping template 6 to rotate, and the angles of the wing model 3 and the mapping template 6 are always the same in the moving process. In order to ensure that the steel wire is not broken when the attack angle of the model is changed, the rotating shaft of the mapping device is arranged parallel to the rotating shaft of the wing model and is positioned at the same station along the flow direction. Meanwhile, in the test process, in order to ensure that a plurality of steel wires are always in a parallel state, the steel wire fixing hole positions on the mapping template 6 and the steel wire installation positions on the upper surface of the airfoil are kept the same. Considering that the diameter of the steel wire is extremely small, if both ends of the normal steel wire are rigidly fixed, not only the tensioning degree is difficult to control, but also errors in processing parts and assembling the mechanism are amplified when the mechanism is tested at a large attack angle, and the steel wire may be stretched. Therefore, one end of the mapping template 6 adopts an elastic connection mode, namely, a tension spring with proper size is fixed on a steel wire fixing hole of the mapping template, and then the steel wire 5 is connected with the free end of the spring.
As shown in fig. 2, the replaceable metal modules 4 may be mounted at different spanwise locations of the airfoil model 3, and the mapping templates 6 may also be mounted at different axial locations within the residence chamber 7 to show the flow in different sections of the wind tunnel. The relative position of the upper axis of the mapping template 6 and the mapping surface is the same as the relative position of the axis of the airfoil model 3 and the upper surface, so as to ensure that the two can keep synchronous in the movement process.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of steel wires are tensioned between the surface of the model and the mapping template 6 along the flow direction, and the fluorescent microfilaments 9 are arranged on the steel wires 5 according to a certain distribution rule, when the steel wire spacing is larger, the single fluorescent microfilaments are longer, the distribution is sparse, when the steel wire spacing is smaller, the single fluorescent microfilaments are shorter, the distribution is dense, and the specific requirement is that the fluorescent microfilaments do not interfere with each other. A row of micropores are formed on the steel wire 5 by laser, and fluorescent microfilaments 9 are planted in the holes by a microfilament planting method imitating the surface of the model to form a fluorescent microfilament array, and the method can avoid interference to a convection field caused by knotting or other silk installation modes, and the fluorescent microfilaments 9 are only arranged on the part of the steel wire 5 positioned in the wind tunnel.
As shown in fig. 4, the binocular camera 10 photographs the moving state of the wire through the turntable 1, the turntable 1 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part is made of transparent material, so that the camera can photograph the wire through the turntable, and the lower part has no special requirement on the turntable material, and is kept the same as the wind tunnel material.
Conventional fluorescent wire experiments are photographed using a monocular camera, and three-dimensional coordinates of the wire cannot be obtained. Therefore, a binocular vision system is built by adopting two high-speed cameras to shoot the fluorescent silk yarns, the two cameras of the binocular camera are kept parallel, the distance between the two cameras is 10 cm-20 cm, the positions of the two cameras are adjusted according to different installation positions of the silk yarns, the motion state of the silk yarns can be clearly captured, the depth information of target silk yarns can be obtained, and the space posture of the silk yarns is further obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the chord length of an airfoil model 3 is 0.9m, a replaceable metal module 4 is arranged at a position 200mm away from the side wall of a wind tunnel, the diameter of steel wires 5 is 0.1mm, the maximum distance between the steel wires is 35mm, the minimum distance between the steel wires is 25mm, 31 fluorescent micro wires 9 are arranged along the chord direction of the model, the diameter of each fluorescent micro wire 9 is 0.05mm, the length of each fluorescent micro wire is 20mm, the distance between wires is 30mm, 50 fluorescent micro wires are arranged on each steel wire, the fluorescent micro wires at the root of the steel wires are 20mm away from the surface of the model, the variation range of the attack angle of the airfoil model is-10 degrees to 20 degrees, the wavelength of ultraviolet lamps is 395nm, the power is 5W, and the area is 285mm multiplied by 230mm.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the preparation process of the fluorescent microfilaments is as follows:
(1) Soaking the silk thread in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 10-15 minutes before preparation;
(2) Preparing a fluorescent dye by using distilled water;
(3) When preparing the fluorescent silk thread, keeping the temperature at 50-60 ℃ and soaking for 1-1.5 h;
(4) Flushing the soaked silk thread with flowing water;
(5) And (3) placing the washed fluorescent silk threads at a ventilation place for naturally airing, so as to avoid high temperature or direct sunlight.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in order to avoid the influence of the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet lamp on the photographing effect, an optical filter with a wavelength of 500nm to 950nm (bandpass) is selected according to the light emission wavelength of the fluorescent microfilaments, and is mounted on the lens of the camera, so as to filter the influence of the ultraviolet light.
In another embodiment of the present invention, three replaceable metal modules 4 are simultaneously used and respectively installed at the middle position in the span direction of the airfoil model 3 and at the positions 200mm away from the side wall of the wind tunnel on both sides, and correspondingly three groups of mapping templates 6 and steel wires 5 are used, so as to avoid the scattering of the free ends of the fluorescent microfilaments 9, and the free ends are also subjected to glue dripping treatment, and the glue dripping amount is required to be less than 0.05ml so as to prevent the glue from affecting the flexibility of the filaments.
Claims (10)
1. The wing-shaped space flow field display device of the string type fluorescent microfilaments comprises steel wires, mapping templates, replaceable metal modules, fluorescent microfilaments, ultraviolet lamps and binocular cameras, and is characterized in that the mapping templates are plate-shaped mechanisms imitating the surface shape of wing-shaped objects and are arranged on one side of the wing surfaces of wing-shaped objects; the replaceable metal module is attached to the surface of the airfoil model, and a plurality of steel wires are arranged between the replaceable metal module and the mapping template; the steel wire is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel, and a plurality of fluorescent microfilaments are arranged on the steel wire; the ultraviolet lamp is arranged on the wall of the wind tunnel and is used for exciting fluorescence of the fluorescent microfilaments; the binocular camera term captures the motion state of the fluorescent microfilaments.
2. The display device of the wing-shaped space flow field of the string type fluorescent microfilaments according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the mapping template facing the wing-shaped model is a mapping surface, the shape of the mapping surface is identical to the upper surface of the wing-shaped model, and a hole site is formed on the mapping surface for fixing one end of the steel wire.
3. The string fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of replaceable metal modules are respectively attached to the surfaces of the wing-shaped models at different spanwise positions to enable the surfaces of the models to be complete and smooth.
4. The string type fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display device according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the steel wires are installed at intervals with pressure measuring holes on the surface of the wing-shaped model.
5. The display device of the wing-shaped space flow field of the string type fluorescent microfilaments according to claim 1, wherein the steel wires are elastically connected at one end of the mapping template, namely, the tension springs are fixed on the steel wire fixing holes of the mapping template, and then the steel wires are connected with the free ends of the springs.
6. The string fluorescent microfilament airfoil-shaped space flow field display device of claim 1 wherein said steel wire is fixed to said replaceable metal module by means of hole punching and planting and said fluorescent microfilament is fixed to said steel wire by means of hole punching and planting.
7. The string type fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display device according to claim 1, wherein the length of the fluorescent microfilaments is 20-40 mm, and the distance between the fluorescent microfilaments is 1-1.5 times the length of the fluorescent microfilaments.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the free ends of the filaments are glued.
9. The string fluorescent microfilament wing-shaped space flow field display device according to claim 1, further comprising a residence chamber, wherein the residence chamber is a closed cabin fixed on the outer wall of the wind tunnel, and a plurality of gaps are formed between the residence chamber and the wind tunnel wall; the mapping template is arranged on a rotating shaft in the residence chamber, and the steel wire passes through the gap to be connected with the replaceable metal module; the two ends of the wing model are respectively connected with a turntable through a rotating shaft, and the turntable is arranged on the side wall of the wind tunnel; the rotating shaft of the wing model is parallel to the rotating shaft of the mapping template and is positioned at the same station along the flow direction, and the steel wire fixing hole position on the mapping template is the same as the steel wire installation station on the surface of the wing model.
10. The string type fluorescent microfilament wing section space flow field display device of claim 9 wherein the binocular camera is arranged on the outer side of the turntable on the side wall of the wind tunnel, the two cameras of the binocular camera are kept in parallel, the distance is 10-20 cm, and the fluorescent microfilaments are shot through the turntable made of transparent materials.
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