CN116239516A - 一种共晶及其在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中的用途 - Google Patents
一种共晶及其在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新的共晶,及其在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中的用途,属于制药领域。该共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度在10.48±0.20°、19.97±0.20°、21.70±0.20°、31.65±0.20°、45.39±0.20°处有特征峰。该共晶具有缓释效果,能够用于制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物。实验结果表明,以该共晶为原料制得的药物可以明显延长神经阻滞及皮下浸润的镇痛和/或局部麻醉时间,具有优良的缓释效果,可以用于术前、术中或术后疼痛的治疗,或术中局部麻醉。本发明提供的共晶原料易得,制备方法简单,在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,具体涉及一种共晶及其在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中的用途。
背景技术
局部麻醉药是临床常用的镇痛药物,如利多卡因、布比卡因、罗哌卡因等,但现有局部麻醉药物的有效作用时间通常不足6-12小时(邓小明,曾因明.米勒麻醉学(第7版)[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2011:940-941),无法满足患者长时间的手术或术后长时间镇痛需求。因此,长效局部麻醉药的开发成为如今研究的热点。
为达到延长局部麻醉药物作用时间的目的,研究者们做出了各种尝试。例如在局部麻醉药物中加入佐剂,如吗啡、舒芬太尼等阿片类药物(Drug Des Devel Ther.2019Apr11;13:1171-1175.doi:10.2147/DDDT.S197431.eCollection 2019.),右美托咪定、可乐定等α受体激动剂(Br J Anaesth,2013Jun,110(6):915-25.doi:10.1093/bja/aet066.),以及缩血管药物(Mar Drugs.2011Dec;9(12):2717-28.doi:10.3390/md9122717.Epub2011Dec 15.)、糖皮质激素(Reg Anesth Pain Med.2017May/Jun;42(3):319-326.doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000571.,Ann Rheum Dis.2003May;62(5):400-6.doi:10.1136/ard.62.5.400.)、电解质(Clin J Pain.2016Dec;32(12):1053-1061.doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000356.)、碱性溶液(J Endod.2016Oct;42(10):1458-61.)、NSAIDs(PainPract.2015Apr;15(4):355-63.doi:10.1111/papr.12183.Epub 2014Feb 27.)等。但是研究显示,这些配方虽然可以延长药物作用时间,通常延长效果有限(PLoS One.2015Sep 10;10(9):e0137312.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137312.eCollection 2015.)。
另外,使用缓释材料来封装局部麻醉药是制备长效局部麻醉药的研究热点方向,如布比卡因脂质体(EXPAREL)可将布比卡因有效作用时间延长至72小时。但是无论是动物试验(Biomaterials.2014May;35(15):4557-64.doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.015.Epub 2014Mar 6.)或是临床试验(Biomaterials.2014May;35(15):4557-64.doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.015.Epub 2014Mar 6.)均有报道其并未达到预期的有效镇痛效果,并且缓释材料封装的局部麻醉药物制剂成本昂贵,生产工艺复杂;其中含有大量高分子材料,存在材料残余增加局部刺激的风险;其中残余的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)等溶剂也被证实可以改变肝细胞及心肌细胞细胞进程,改变表观遗传特征,甚至可能在药物毒性实验中得到假阴性结果(Sci Rep.2019Mar15;9(1):4641.)。
化学药中50%以上存在多晶型的情况,而晶型是影响药物稳定性、质量可控性、临床疗效与安全性的重要因素,同一种药物由于晶型不同,其理化性质、生物活性都会有所差异(药物晶型多态性及其测定、评价方法[J].中国药房,2016,27(30):4318-4320.)。而药物共晶形成能够通过非共价键作用力结合,不会破坏药物活性成分的共价键,可改善药物理化性质和药效,是改善药物性质的一种很好的选择。开发出一种具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的新晶型具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的共晶及其在制备具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的药物中的用途。
本发明提供了一种共晶,所述共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度在10.49±0.20°、31.63±0.20°、45.39±0.20°处有特征峰。
进一步地,所述共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度还在19.97±0.20°、21.70±0.20°处有特征峰。
进一步地,所述共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.49±0.20° | 73%-100% |
19.97±0.20° | 28%-58% |
21.70±0.20° | 45%-78% |
31.63±0.20° | 34%-100% |
45.39±0.20° | 14%-46% |
。
进一步地,所述共晶是以罗哌卡因或其盐,甲泼尼龙或其盐,碱性pH调节剂为原料制备而成。
进一步地,所述罗哌卡因的盐为盐酸罗哌卡因,所述甲泼尼龙的盐为甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠,所述pH调节剂选自氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碱性氨基酸中的一种或两种以上的混合。
进一步地,所述罗哌卡因或其盐与甲泼尼龙或其盐的质量比为(5~500):1。
进一步地,所述罗哌卡因或其盐与甲泼尼龙或其盐的质量比为(10~250):1。
本发明还提供了一种具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的药物,它包含上述的共晶。
进一步地,所述药物是固体制剂或液体制剂。
进一步地,所述液体制剂的pH值不超过10.5。
进一步地,所述的pH值为7.5~9.5。
进一步地,所述的pH值为8.5。
进一步地,所述药物是注射剂。
进一步地,所述药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:将罗哌卡因或其盐加入水中溶解,然后加入甲泼尼龙或其盐混合均匀,再加入碱性pH调节剂,得到含共晶的混悬液。
本发明还提供了上述的共晶在制备具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的药物中的用途。
实验结果表明,本发明制得的混悬剂中形成了一种新的共晶。与未形成该共晶的混悬剂相比,形成了该共晶的混悬剂可以明显延长神经阻滞及皮下浸润的镇痛和/或局部麻醉时间,具有优良的缓释效果,可以用于术前、术中或术后疼痛的治疗,能够满足手术时的长时间局部麻醉需求。说明该共晶可以明显延长神经阻滞及皮下浸润的镇痛和/或局部麻醉时间,具有优良的缓释效果,可以用于术前、术中或术后疼痛的治疗,能够满足手术时的长时间局部麻醉需求。该共晶可以用于制备具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的缓释制剂。
由本发明的共晶制得的缓释制剂安全性好,引起的病理损伤小,适合临床应用。该缓释制剂还可以与其它局部麻醉药或局部麻醉药佐剂组合使用以满足临床的不同需求。
由本发明的共晶制得的缓释制剂的给药方式可通过神经阻滞或皮下浸润途径,也可以通过关节腔内注射、伤口周围局部浸润或其他临床常用的给药途径。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1:5R+0.1MP、5RB两组在扫描电子显微镜下观察到的晶体形态,以及5R+0.1MP、5RB组在光学显微镜下观察到的晶体在溶液中的分布形式。图1a为5R+0.1MP组分辨率为10μm的扫描电镜照片;图1b为5R+0.1MP组分辨率为1μm的扫描电镜照片;图1c为5R+0.1MP在光镜200倍下图片;图1d为5RB组分辨率为10μm的扫描电镜照片;图1e为5RB组分辨率为1μm的扫描电镜照片;图1f为5RB在光镜200倍下图片。
图2:单组分及包含共晶粉末X射线衍射分析结果。2a组为0.2R、0.2R+0.02MP(未调碱)及0.2R+0.02MP(pH8.5);2b组为0.75R、0.75R+0.02MP(未调碱)及0.75R+0.02MP(pH8.5);2c组为1R、1R+0.02MP(未调碱)及1R+0.02MP(pH8.5);2d组为2R、2R+0.04MP(未调碱)及2R+0.04MP(pH8.5);2e组为3R、3R+0.06MP(未调碱)及3R+0.06MP(pH8.5);2f组为4R、4R+0.08MP(未调碱)及4R+0.08MP(pH8.5);2g组为5R、5R+0.1MP(未调碱)及5R+0.1MP(pH8.5)。
图3:不同pH值的共晶粉末X射线衍射分析结果。3a组为0.2R+0.02MP(pH 7.5)、0.2R+0.02MP(pH 8.5)及0.2R+0.02MP(pH 9.5);3b组为0.75R+0.02MP(pH 7.5)、0.75R+0.02MP(pH 8.5)及0.75R+0.02MP(pH 9.5);3c组为1R+0.02MP(pH 7.5)、1R+0.02MP(pH8.5)及1R+0.02MP(pH 9.5);3d组为2R+0.04MP(pH 7.5)、2R+0.04MP(pH 8.5)及2R+0.04MP(pH 9.5);3e组为3R+0.06MP(pH 6.5)、3R+0.06MP(pH 7.5)、3R+0.06MP(pH 8.5)及3R+0.06MP(pH 9.5);3f组为4R+0.08MP(pH 6.5)、4R+0.08MP(pH 7.5)、4R+0.08MP(pH 8.5)及4R+0.08MP(pH 9.5);3g组为5R+0.1MP(pH 6.5)、5R+0.1MP(pH 7.5)、5R+0.1MP(pH 8.5)及5R+0.1MP(pH 9.5)。
图4:各样品的体外释放率。左图为2R,2R+0.04MP和2RB组,右图为5R,5R+0.1MP和5RB组,纵坐标为释放百分比,横坐标为时间(h)。
图5:大鼠手术切口痛模型。纵坐标为最小机械刺激强度(Mechanical ResponseThreshold,MRT)(g),横坐标为时间(h)。1R+0.02MP组在术后72小时的镇痛效果明显优于阳性对照组1R,p=0.007733。2R+0.04MP组在术后72小时的镇痛效果也明显优于同等浓度的阳性对照组2R,p=0.0379。
图6:大鼠药代动力学模型的血药浓度-时间曲线。分别为0.2R+0.02MP,0.75R+0.02MP,1R+0.02MP,2R+0.02MP,2R+0.04MP,4R+0.02MP,4R+0.08MP,5R+0.02MP,5R+0.1MP组及其同等浓度的盐酸罗哌卡因对照组,可明显观察到同等浓度的盐酸罗哌卡因从注射部位进入循环的速度明显快于本发明提供的混悬剂。
图7:大鼠坐骨神经单次注射后72小时及16天坐骨神经炎性浸润评分。纵坐标为每组总分,横坐标分别为坐骨神经炎症,周围结缔组织单核细胞性炎症及坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症。本发明的各浓度组在72小时及16天时均未查见坐骨神经炎症,有效成分罗哌卡因浓度最高的5R+0.1MP组发生轻度或以下病变的大鼠数量较高(总分与1R组差值≥3分,p=0.034),其余各组与1R组相比均无统计学差异,且单项炎症评分总分<3分。
图8:各组临床活动VAS评分和静息VAS评分对比结果。左图为活动VAS评分(p=0.0919),右图为静息VAS评分(p=0.706)。
图9:西乐葆补救剂量。横坐标为西乐葆用量(mg),纵坐标为该剂量的使用人数。
具体实施方式
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品所得。
实施例1:制备复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂
按照表1所示参数,称取适量盐酸罗哌卡因固体粉末,加入超纯水完全溶解后再加入甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠,混匀后得到不同浓度罗哌卡因和/或甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠的稍浑浊的液体。然后加入氢氧化钠溶液将液体pH调至7.5~10.5,得到分散均匀的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂。
表1配制的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂
实施例2:制备共晶
取实施例1表1中的各复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂,于-130℃冰箱中冷冻后放入冻干机,冷冻干燥后得到含有共晶的白色粉末。
以下对照样品的制备。
对照例1:制备盐酸罗哌卡因溶液
按照表2所示参数,称取盐酸罗哌卡因固体粉末,加入100mL超纯水完全溶解,得到澄清的盐酸罗哌卡因酸性溶液。
表2配制的盐酸罗哌卡因溶液
对照例2:制备碱性盐酸罗哌卡因溶液
按照表3所示参数,称取盐酸罗哌卡因固体粉末,加入超纯水完全溶解后,加入氢氧化钠溶液将液体pH调至8.5,即为碱性盐酸罗哌卡因溶液。
上述操作中,加入氢氧化钠溶液后体系立即浑浊,产生絮状漂浮结晶。
表3配制的碱性盐酸罗哌卡因溶液
以下通过实验例证明本发明的有益效果。
实验例1:本发明复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液冻干样品的晶型表征
1、实验方法
测试样品:0.2R、0.2R+0.02MP(未调碱)及0.2R+0.02MP(pH8.5);0.75R、0.75R+0.02MP(未调碱)及0.75R+0.02MP(pH8.5);1R、1R+0.02MP(未调碱)及1R+0.02MP(pH8.5);2R、2RB、2R+0.04MP(未调碱)及2R+0.04MP(pH8.5);3R、3R+0.06MP(未调碱)及3R+0.06MP(pH8.5);4R、4R+0.08MP(未调碱)及4R+0.08MP(pH8.5);5R、5RB、5R+0.1MP(未调碱)及5R+0.1MP(pH8.5),共23组,制备方法参照实施例1及对照例1-2。
测试方法:将样品于-130℃冰箱中冷冻后放入冻干机,冷冻干燥后得到白色粉末。再使用上述白色粉末进行粉末X射线衍射分析(Powder X-Ray Diffraction,PXRD)。
使用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察5RB、5R+0.1MP(pH8.5)及2RB、2R+0.04MP(pH8.5)组晶体大小和形状。
取2R+0.04MP、2RB、5R+0.1MP、5RB组样品100μL,均匀涂于载玻片上,使用光学显微镜观察晶体在溶液中的分布形式。
SEM参数:(Zeiss,EVO 10),分辨率:二次电子像:3.0nm(30kV)背散射电子像:4.0nm(30kV)。
PXRD测试参数:(荷兰帕纳科公司/EMPYREAN),最大管压:60kV;最大管流:60mA,2θ角度范围:5°~50°,角度重现性:+/-0.0001°,步长:0.0262606°,探测器计数矩阵:256x256pixcel,像素大小:55mm x 55mm,分辨率:FWHM=0.028°。
2、实验结果
经SEM观察液体中晶体大小及形态并未观察到明显差异,但是在200倍光学显微镜下观察到晶体在悬混液中的聚集形式存在明显差异(图1)。可以看出,在未添加甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠的溶液中形成的罗哌卡因碱晶体颗粒聚集成团,添加甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠后形成的混悬剂颗粒较小,在溶液中均匀分散。
粉末X射线衍射分析特征峰(波长=1.544426,Cu/καl)结果显示(图2)。
0.2R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.51° | 73.35% |
19.99° | 34.55% |
21.72° | 48.45% |
31.67° | 100.00% |
45.41° | 44.00% |
0.75R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.45 | 100.00% |
19.96 | 45.40% |
21.69 | 72.03% |
31.65 | 60.09% |
45.38 | 26.86% |
1R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.51 | 100.00% |
19.99 | 36.85% |
21.72 | 55.79% |
31.67 | 47.59% |
45.41 | 20.24% |
2R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2R+0.04MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.45 | 100.00% |
19.93 | 45.26% |
21.67 | 73.86% |
31.65 | 49.83% |
45.35 | 22.31% |
3R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.51 | 100.00% |
19.99 | 35.19% |
21.72 | 56.77% |
31.67 | 44.43% |
45.43 | 18.35% |
3R+0.06MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.51 | 100.00% |
19.99 | 40.96% |
21.72 | 66.73% |
31.67 | 51.69% |
45.43 | 22.56% |
4R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.45 | 100.00% |
19.96 | 45.40% |
21.69 | 72.03% |
31.65 | 60.09% |
45.38 | 26.86% |
4R+0.08MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.48 | 100.00% |
19.99 | 39.57% |
21.72 | 62.19% |
31.67 | 34.59% |
45.41 | 14.44% |
5R+0.02MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.48 | 100.00% |
19.99 | 38.25% |
21.72 | 59.54% |
31.67 | 45.60% |
45.41 | 18.86% |
5R+0.1MP粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
2θ衍射角度 | 相对强度 |
10.49° | 100% |
19.97° | 28.46% |
21.70° | 45.78% |
31.63° | 40.93% |
45.39° | 21.35% |
如上表所示,复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂制得的晶体在10.48±0.2°处出现较强衍射峰,除0.2R+0.02MP组,相对强度均为100%,并在19.97±0.20°、21.70±0.20°、31.65±0.20°、45.39±0.20°处出现其余特征峰,并且这些特征峰在甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠、盐酸罗哌卡因、或两种溶液混合后冻干形成的晶体中均未观察到(图2),并且在各个浓度中出峰角度相同,且相对强度相似,提示本发明复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂中产生了一种新的共晶。
实验例2:筛选本发明复方盐酸罗哌卡因共晶的优势晶型
1、实验方法
测试样品:按照实施例1方法制备各个浓度不同pH样品的冻干粉末。
按照实验例1方法测定样品XRD。
2、实验结果
0.2R+0.02MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
分组 | 2θ衍射角度 | 衍射强度 | 相对强度 |
0.2R+0.02MP(7.5) | 10.51 | 4815 | 100.00% |
0.2R+0.02MP(7.5) | 20.01 | 2260 | 46.94% |
0.2R+0.02MP(7.5) | 21.75 | 2809 | 58.34% |
0.2R+0.02MP(7.5) | 31.70 | 4390 | 91.17% |
0.2R+0.02MP(7.5) | 45.46 | 2228 | 46.27% |
0.2R+0.02MP(8.5) | 10.51 | 6596 | 73.35% |
0.2R+0.02MP(8.5) | 19.99 | 3107 | 34.55% |
0.2R+0.02MP(8.5) | 21.72 | 4357 | 48.45% |
0.2R+0.02MP(8.5) | 31.67 | 8993 | 100.00% |
0.2R+0.02MP(8.5) | 45.41 | 3957 | 44.00% |
0.2R+0.02MP(9.5) | 10.43 | 3690 | 100.00% |
0.2R+0.02MP(9.5) | 19.96 | 2152 | 58.32% |
0.2R+0.02MP(9.5) | 21.69 | 2729 | 73.96% |
0.2R+0.02MP(9.5) | 31.65 | 2678 | 72.57% |
0.2R+0.02MP(9.5) | 45.38 | 1457 | 39.49% |
0.75R+0.02MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
分组 | 2θ衍射角度 | 衍射强度 | 相对强度 |
0.75R+0.02MP(7.5) | 10.48 | 9181 | 100.00% |
0.75R+0.02MP(7.5) | 19.99 | 3785 | 41.23% |
0.75R+0.02MP(7.5) | 21.69 | 5596 | 60.95% |
0.75R+0.02MP(7.5) | 31.65 | 8434 | 91.86% |
0.75R+0.02MP(7.5) | 45.41 | 3763 | 40.99% |
0.75R+0.02MP(8.5) | 10.45 | 10272 | 100.00% |
0.75R+0.02MP(8.5) | 19.96 | 4664 | 45.40% |
0.75R+0.02MP(8.5) | 21.69 | 7399 | 72.03% |
0.75R+0.02MP(8.5) | 31.65 | 6172 | 60.09% |
0.75R+0.02MP(8.5) | 45.38 | 2759 | 26.86% |
0.75R+0.02MP(9.5) | 10.51 | 10255 | 100.00% |
0.75R+0.02MP(9.5) | 20.01 | 4312 | 42.05% |
0.75R+0.02MP(9.5) | 21.72 | 6404 | 62.45% |
0.75R+0.02MP(9.5) | 31.67 | 7982 | 77.84% |
0.75R+0.02MP(9.5) | 45.41 | 3407 | 33.22% |
1R+0.02MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
2R+0.04MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
分组 | 2θ衍射角度 | 衍射强度 | 相对强度 |
2R+0.04MP(7.5) | 10.56 | 14593 | 100.00% |
2R+0.04MP(7.5) | 20.04 | 6465 | 44.30% |
2R+0.04MP(7.5) | 21.77 | 10089 | 69.14% |
2R+0.04MP(7.5) | 31.73 | 11558 | 79.20% |
2R+0.04MP(7.5) | 45.49 | 5012 | 34.35% |
2R+0.04MP(8.5) | 10.45 | 19664 | 100.00% |
2R+0.04MP(8.5) | 19.93 | 8900 | 45.26% |
2R+0.04MP(8.5) | 21.67 | 14524 | 73.86% |
2R+0.04MP(8.5) | 31.65 | 9799 | 49.83% |
2R+0.04MP(8.5) | 45.35 | 4388 | 22.31% |
2R+0.04MP(9.5) | 10.48 | 13463 | 100.00% |
2R+0.04MP(9.5) | 19.96 | 6129 | 45.52% |
2R+0.04MP(9.5) | 21.69 | 9838 | 73.07% |
2R+0.04MP(9.5) | 31.65 | 10708 | 79.54% |
2R+0.04MP(9.5) | 45.38 | 4444 | 33.01% |
3R+0.06MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
4R+0.08MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
分组 | 2θ衍射角度 | 衍射强度 | 相对强度 |
4R+0.08MP(6.5) | 10.48 | 16600 | 100.00% |
4R+0.08MP(6.5) | 19.99 | 7140 | 43.01% |
4R+0.08MP(6.5) | 21.72 | 10702 | 64.47% |
4R+0.08MP(6.5) | 31.67 | 12023 | 72.43% |
4R+0.08MP(6.5) | 45.41 | 5333 | 32.13% |
4R+0.08MP(7.5) | 10.48 | 15106 | 100.00% |
4R+0.08MP(7.5) | 19.96 | 7074 | 46.83% |
4R+0.08MP(7.5) | 21.69 | 11117 | 73.59% |
4R+0.08MP(7.5) | 31.67 | 8413 | 55.69% |
4R+0.08MP(7.5) | 45.38 | 3854 | 25.51% |
4R+0.08MP(8.5) | 10.48 | 25941 | 100.00% |
4R+0.08MP(8.5) | 19.99 | 10265 | 39.57% |
4R+0.08MP(8.5) | 21.72 | 16133 | 62.19% |
4R+0.08MP(8.5) | 31.67 | 8974 | 34.59% |
4R+0.08MP(8.5) | 45.41 | 3746 | 14.44% |
4R+0.08MP(9.5) | 10.48 | 19579 | 100.00% |
4R+0.08MP(9.5) | 19.99 | 8067 | 41.20% |
4R+0.08MP(9.5) | 21.72 | 12565 | 64.18% |
4R+0.08MP(9.5) | 31.67 | 8418 | 43.00% |
4R+0.08MP(9.5) | 45.41 | 3667 | 18.73% |
5R+0.1MP组不同pH的X射线衍射图谱中衍射强度及相对强度:
如上表所示,复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂冻干后制得的晶体(包括pH 6.5、pH 7.5、pH 8.5、pH 9.5等不同pH条件)均在10.48±0.2°、19.97±0.20°、21.70±0.20°、31.65±0.20°、45.39±0.20°处出现特征峰(图3),并且在各个pH中相对强度相似,但在同等比率下,绝对强度在pH为8.5时最强。
以上实验结果表明,本发明复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬剂中产生了一种新的共晶,并且在混悬剂pH=8.5时,产生的共晶绝对强度最强。在此基础上,本发明进一步研究了包含该共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的体外缓释效果。
实验例3:包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的体外缓释效果
1、实验方法
受试样品:复方盐酸罗哌卡因,其制备方法为:参照实施例或对照例的方法制备2R+0.04MP、2R、2RB、5R+0.1MP、5R、5RB。
将1ml受试样品加到透析管(Spectral/Por,Float-A-Lyzer G2),每组3份,并将透析管置于40ml磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液(PBS,pH 7.4)中,水浴锅37℃恒温,持续搅拌,分别于0.17h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h后每天取样三次,120h后每天取样一次,为保证溶解体积,每次取样20ml,再加入20ml PBS溶液,直至溶液浓度低于10ug/L后停止稀释,继续测量至溶液浓度稳定,共计测量30次,最终测量点为384h。
利用高效液相色谱-质谱法分别测试各时间点取样中罗哌卡因的含量,计算出各时间点受试样品的罗哌卡因释放比例,即罗哌卡因释放总量/样品中罗哌卡因总含量。高效液相色谱-质谱的测试条件如下:
色谱柱:Agilent Extend C18(3.0×100mm,3.5μm),流动相:A:0.05%甲酸水溶液,B:乙腈,流速:0.3mL/min,梯度洗脱。B初始比例21%,2-3min,B从21%梯度升至40%,3-3.1min,B从40%梯度升至100%,维持至4.5min,4.6min B从100%降至21%,运行时间7min。柱温:35℃,进样量:1μL。洗针液:MeOH-H2O(1:1,v/v),洗针15s。
质谱条件:电喷雾离子化源(ESI源),多反应监测(MRM),正离子检测模式。干燥气温度:350℃,干燥气流速(Gas flow):5L/min,喷雾器压力45psi,鞘气温度:350℃,鞘气流速:11L/min,毛细管电压3500V。用于定量离子对:罗哌卡因,m/z 275.2to m/z 126.1,碎裂电压:92V,碰撞能:16eV。罗哌卡因-d7,m/z 282.5to m/z 133.3,碎裂电压:92V,碰撞能:16eV。
2、实验结果
结果如图4,在4h时阳性对照组2R组释放率已达94.02%,5R组达91.6%。实验组2R+0.04MP组在72h释放率超过75%并趋于稳定,最终在384h时达到77.81%;5R+0.1MP组在168h释放率超过80%,并继续缓慢释放,在384h最终达到89.78%。而阴性对照组2RB和5RB经过384h最终释放率分别仅达到7.83%和4.00%。
上述结果提示,包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液可在体外缓慢释放,具有良好的缓释特性。
基于上述实验结果,本发明进一步利用以下体内实验对不同pH和不同浓度的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的长效镇痛或局部麻醉作用进行了测试。
实验例4:利用大鼠坐骨神经阻滞模型评价包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在不同pH下的长效镇痛或局部麻醉作用
1、实验方法
取体重为250-300g的健康雄性SD大鼠进行试验。本实验分为4R+0.02MP(7.5),4R+0.02MP(8.5),4R+0.02MP(9.5),4R+0.02MP(10.5),制备方法参照实施例1。共计4组,每组8只,使用SPSS 20.0将大鼠随机分组并编盲。
用热板试验评价感觉阻滞时间,适当抓握大鼠,使其后肢足底接触56℃金属板,同时开始计时。大鼠自接触热板至因为热痛缩腿的时间间隔为大鼠爪退缩时间(PawWithdraw Latency,PWL),超过12s仍未缩爪则结束测量以免烫伤。
由后肢蹬踏试验(Postural Extensor Thrust,PET)评价运动阻滞时间。垂直提起大鼠并将试验侧后肢蹬踏在电子天台面上,记录读数。肢体完全麻痹时,读数为肢体自身重量,约为20g。测量值超过基线与肢体重量差值的一半则视为运动功能恢复,小于或等于则视为运动功能消失。
试验前3天开始进行筛选,每天称量大鼠体重,观察毛发、精神状态、二便及进食情况,剔除有明显体重下降(超过初体重的10%及以上)、毛发暗淡脱落、进食及精神状态不佳、抓握时无法配合的大鼠。并每天测量大鼠左侧PWL,及PET,剔除无法配合及基线不合格(PWL大于4s,PET小于40%体重)的大鼠。
大鼠麻醉由5%七氟烷吸入诱导,2-3%维持麻醉,定位大鼠左侧坐骨结节与股骨大转子连线终点,在坐骨神经干附近注射药物,给药总量为0.2ml。在给药后10min,30min,1h,2h,12h内每2h测量一次,然后测量24h,28h,32h,36h,48h,52h,56h,60h,72h。
2、实验结果
表4大鼠坐骨神经阻滞试验结果(pH相关)
注:Onset表示起效时间;Offset表示有效阻滞时间。
结果如表4所示,随着pH的降低或升高,药物的作用时间均有明显下降,在pH为8.5的4R+0.02MP组中,药物的起效时间和有效作用时间均为最佳,提示本发明的共晶的优势晶型在pH 8.5时出现。
基于上述试验,确定在pH为8.5时形成的共晶最优,因此,后文实验例使用的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液均为pH 8.5组。
实验例5:利用大鼠坐骨神经阻滞模型评价包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在不同浓度下的长效镇痛或局部麻醉作用
1、实验方法
取体重为250-300g的健康雄性SD大鼠进行试验。本实验分为阴性对照组:0.9%氯化钠注射液组;阳性对照组:0.2R,0.75R,1R,2R,4R,5R;试验组:0.2R+0.02MP,0.75R+0.02MP,1R+0.02MP,2R+0.02MP,2R+0.04MP,4R+0.02MP,4R+0.08MP,5R+0.02MP,5R+0.1MP,制备方法参照实施例1。共计16组,每组8只,使用SPSS 20.0将大鼠随机分组并编盲。
试验准备、实施步骤、测量、记录及结果判断等方法均与实验例4相同。
2、实验结果
表5大鼠坐骨神经阻滞试验结果(浓度相关)
注:Onset表示起效时间;Offset表示有效阻滞时间。
结果如表5所示,不同浓度的复方制剂起效时间与阳性对照组相似,且作用时间明显延长,并随着有效药物浓度的升高而延长,5R+0.1MP复方制剂有效阻滞时间最长可达32-48h,而阳性对照组仅4-8h。
对比2R+0.02MP及2R+0.04MP,4R+0.02MP及4R+0.08MP,5R+0.02MP及5R+0.1MP组,可见在有效药物浓度不变的情况下增加甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠浓度可明显延长药物作用时间。
实验过程中观察到在5R组中3只大鼠在注射后约10min出现全身僵直、无力、抽搐等状态,疑似局麻药中毒反应,其中1只于给药后9min死亡,另外2只在大约1h后逐渐恢复。但在同等有效药物浓度的5R+0.02MP组及5R+0.1MP组中均未观察到明显不良反应。说明本发明复方制剂的安全性高于阳性对照组,该复方制剂的缓释特性带来了更好的安全性。
另外,对照例2制得的碱性盐酸罗哌卡因溶液的漂浮结晶较大,在动物试验中药品极易堵塞注射器针头,更换大一号针头给药后发现碱性盐酸罗哌卡因溶液在大鼠坐骨神经阻滞模型中未见明显运动或感觉阻滞效果,或仅个别大鼠表现出近似于阳性对照组阻滞时间的药效。该组合物不适用于制备注射剂。
上述实验结果表明,包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液具有优异的神经阻滞作用,有效作用时间明显延长,可以用于制备长效镇痛或长效局部麻醉的药物。
实验例6:利用大鼠手术切口模型评价包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在不同浓度下的长效镇痛或局部麻醉作用
1、实验方法
取体重为250-300g的健康雄性SD大鼠进行试验。本实验分为阴性对照组:0.9%氯化钠注射液组;阳性对照组:1R组及2R组;试验组:1R+0.02MP组及2R+0.04MP,制备方法参照实施例1。共计5组,每组8只。使用SPSS20.0将大鼠随机分组并编盲。
术前3天开始,每天将大鼠放置于透明小隔间内(21*27*15cm)自由活动,底部为高架塑料网格,并适应一段时间(>1h)。术前一天使用电子测痛仪(Bioseb,BIO-EVF5)刺激大鼠足底,记录基础刺激强度。
实验过程:大鼠麻醉由5%七氟烷吸入诱导,3%维持麻醉,足底切约1cm长的切口,提起跖肌,纵行切开,肌肉的起止点保持完整,压迫止血后使用5-0丝线单纯间断缝合2针。分别在大鼠切口两侧注入相应药物,给药总量为0.1ml/site。术后0.5h、2h、4h、6h、8h、24h、48h、72h测量刺激切口附近皮肤出现躲避反应的最小机械刺激强度(Mechanical ResponseThreshold,MRT)。
术后7天及14天取材,取切口部位足底组织,包括发炎及擦伤的组织,取切口一侧约1mm。HE染色,观察炎性反应,评分(0-4分,modified methods based on previouslyvalidated scales),评分内容包括:淋巴细胞,浆细胞,组织细胞和多形核白细胞;纤维化评分等。
2、实验结果
结果如图5,使用重复测量的方差分析分别对比1R vs 1R+0.02MP(p=0.007733)以及2R vs 2R+0.04MP(p=0.0379),结果显示,本发明的复方罗哌卡因混悬液在术后72小时内的镇痛效果均优于同等浓度的盐酸罗哌卡因组,且有统计学差异。
1R+0.02MP组与2R+0.04MP组术后病理评分及伤口恢复程度无明显差异,且与临床使用的最高浓度1R组相当,但2R组在术后7天的炎症评分高于其他三组。
上述实验结果表明,包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液对大鼠手术切口模型具有优异的镇痛作用,在术后72小时内的镇痛效果优于同等浓度的盐酸罗哌卡因,可以用于制备长效镇痛或长效局部麻醉的药物。
以上体内实验证明了包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液具有长效镇痛或长效局部麻醉的作用,既可以用于术前、术中或术后疼痛的治疗,也能够满足手术时的长时间局部麻醉需求。在此基础上,本发明进一步测试了复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的全身安全性和局部安全性。
实验例7:包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的全身安全性测试
1、实验方法
选择体重为250-300g的健康雄性SD大鼠进行试验。本实验分为阴性对照组:0.9%氯化钠注射液组;市售制剂对照组:0.2R,0.75R,1R,2R,4R,5R;试验组:0.2R+0.02MP,0.75R+0.02MP,1R+0.02MP,2R+0.02MP,2R+0.04MP,4R+0.02MP,4R+0.08MP,5R+0.02MP,5R+0.1MP,制备方法参照实施例1。共计16组,每组8只。
给药前3天开始筛选大鼠,筛选方法同实验例4。
给药前在大鼠尾静脉安置留置针,取空白血,0.2ml。大鼠麻醉由5%七氟烷吸入诱导,2-3%维持麻醉,定位大鼠左侧坐骨结节与股骨大转子连线终点,在坐骨神经干附近注射药物,给药总量为0.2ml。在给药后10min、4h、8h、12h、24h、28h、32h、36h、48h、52h、56h、60h、72h测量大鼠坐骨神经阻滞效果,具体测量方法同实验例4。
给药前取空白血,并于给药后10min、0.5h、2h、4h、6h、8h、10h、12h、24h、28h、32h、48h、52h、56h及72h,分别取静脉血。使用高效液相色谱-质谱测定各时间点取样的血浆药物浓度。高效液相色谱-质谱的测试条件同实验例3。
2、实验结果
表6药代动力学实验结果
结果见图6和表6,结果显示,相同罗哌卡因浓度下,包含本发明的罗哌卡因复方制剂(试验组)在大鼠坐骨神经阻滞模型中的有效阻滞时间为相同浓度盐酸罗哌卡因组(市售制剂对照组)的2~6倍,而盐酸罗哌卡因组(市售制剂对照组)的峰值血药浓度为相同浓度复方制剂(试验组)峰值血药浓度的4.7~12.1倍。并且,在罗哌卡因浓度最高的复方制剂5R+0.1MP组,其血药峰浓度为207.614ng/L,不足临床常用盐酸罗哌卡因浓度0.75R组的1/2。
上述实验结果表明,包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液具有优良的缓释的效果和全身安全性。
实验例8:包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的局部安全性测试
1、实验方法
本实验设试验组:1R+0.02MP组,2R+0.02MP组,2R+0.04MP组,3R+0.06MP组,4R+0.08MP组,5R+0.1MP组,制备方法参照实施例1;市售制剂对照组1:1R组;市售制剂对照组2:临床使用浓度(40mg/ml)的甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠(MP)组,0.9%氯化钠注射液组。共计9组,每组8只。
参照实验例4,建立大鼠坐骨神经阻滞模型,单次注射后约72小时(n=4)及16天(n=4)进行取材。
取材方法:安乐死、解剖及组织病理学检查:根据AVMA Guidelines for theEuthanasia of Animals:2020Edition(the American Veterinary MedicalAssociation,2020),大鼠吸入过量CO2安乐死,肉眼观察注射部位局部肌肉及周围组织的刺激反应情况,如有无红肿、变性、坏死等。对坐骨神经丛及相邻部位的肌肉以10%中性磷酸福尔马林液固定,按组织病理学技术标准操作进行取材、石蜡包埋、切片及苏木精-伊红染色后,进行显微镜检查。
评分标准为:0=无病变;1=轻微病变(<1%);2=轻度病变(1-25%);3=中度病变(26-50%);4=重度病变(51-75%);5=严重病变(76-100%)。(Toxicol Pathol.Jan-Feb 2002;30(1):93-6.doi:10.1080/01926230252824761.)
2、实验结果
观察内容包括:坐骨神经的炎症主要表现轴突变性、坏死伴炎细胞浸润;周围结缔组织单核细胞性炎症表现为变性、水肿,炎细胞浸润;注射部位其他组织的炎症表现为以单核细胞为主的炎细胞浸润,伴有肌纤维变性坏死,部分动物可见大小不等的嗜碱性颗粒物质沉积。
结果如图7所示。
注射后约72小时:
大体解剖观察发现:3R+0.06MP组及5R+0.1MP组大鼠注射部位可见白色物质沉积;
显微镜观察发现:MP组观察到轻微坐骨神经炎症,轻微周围结缔组织炎症,及明显坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症,且三例均为中度病变。1R组观察到一例中度病变的周围结缔组织单核细胞性炎症及两例轻微坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症。包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在各个浓度均未见坐骨神经炎症,仅2R+0.02MP、2R+0.04MP及3R+0.06MP组见轻微至轻度周围结缔组织单核细胞性炎症,各组均可见轻微至轻度坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症。
注射后16天:
大体解剖观察发现:5R+0.1MP组注射部位可见白色物质沉积;
显微镜观察发现:MP组坐骨神经炎症未见恢复,观察到两例中至重度病变。1R组坐骨神经周围结缔组织的炎症基本恢复,仅观察到一例轻微病变,且坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症完全恢复。包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在各个浓度仍未见坐骨神经炎症。仅2R+0.02MP组观察到一例周围结缔组织单核细胞性炎症轻微病变,2R+0.04MP及3R+0.06MP均完全恢复。5R+0.1MP组坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症未见明显恢复,仍存在轻微至轻度病变外,其余各组坐骨神经单核细胞性炎症均有明显恢复。
如结果所示,2R+0.04MP组在7天及14天的炎症评分明显优于其相同浓度阳性对照组2R,4R+0.08MP组在14天的病理损伤明显轻于阳性对照1R组。
上述实验结果表明,包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液引起的病理损伤小,局部安全性优良。
以上体内实验数据证明了包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液不仅具有长效镇痛或长效局部麻醉的作用,同时还具有优良的全身安全性和局部安全性。在此基础上,本发明进一步在临床应用中测试了复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液的镇痛作用和安全性。
实验例9:包含本发明共晶的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在临床应用中的镇痛作用及安全性测试
1、实验方法
参照实施例1,在无菌条件下制备复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液0.2R+0.02MP。对照组:病人自控镇痛泵(Patient-controlled analgesic,PCA),配方:盐酸氢吗啡酮注射液5mg,盐酸托烷司琼注射液5mg,生理盐水稀释至100ml。背景剂量0ml/h,单次剂量4ml,锁定时间10min,每小时最大剂量24ml。
在四川大学华西医院进行前瞻性随机对照(单盲)临床研究。由麻醉科医生生成随机序列(Rstudio,Version 1.3.1073),并配置镇痛液和镇痛泵的配置,在镇痛液或镇痛泵上仅标注患者姓名及住院号等人员信息用于核对。由外科医生在手术过程中核对人员信息后实施镇痛方案。术后由专职随访人员进行随访并录入数据库。待试验结束,数据录入完成后,由麻醉科医生揭盲并统计结果。
纳入标准:①在我院胸外科和日间中心择期行胸腔镜下单侧肺叶、肺段或楔形切除患者;②年龄:18-65岁;③ASA分级I-II级;④18kg/m2≤BMI≤25kg/m2;⑤无沟通障碍,能理解研究流程和疼痛量表的使用;⑥签署知情同意书。
排除标准:①对此研究相关药物过敏;②存在慢性疼痛、长期使用镇痛药物(每天服用相当于≥10mg羟考酮)史、酒精滥用史,应用非甾体抗炎药后发生胃肠道出血或穿孔病史;③合并缺血性心脏疾病,外周动脉血管或脑血管疾病的患者或肺源性心脏病、活动性消化道溃疡或胃肠道出血的患者或炎症性肠病患者;④服用单胺氧化酶抑制剂或停用后2周内的患者;⑤三个月内参与过其他临床研究
剔除标准:①术中中转开胸;②失访;③对方案内药物过敏;④发生严重不良事件;⑤患者中途要求停止研究
术前评估头部增强CT(或头部MRI)、胸部增强CT、上腹部增强CT、同位素骨扫描、心电图、心脏彩超(年龄>60岁或有心脏疾病史)、肺功能等检查,以及血常规、肝肾功能、凝血功能、输血前全套、尿、粪常规等检查。术前30min于手术室静脉注射40mg特耐(10ml生理盐水);手术结束及术后24h静脉注射40mg特耐(10ml生理盐水)。麻醉诱导:0.15mg/kg咪达唑仑,1.5-2.5mg/kg丙泊酚,0.4-0.5ug/kg舒芬太尼以及0.15mg/kg苯磺酸顺阿曲库铵,采用双腔气管导管插管并单侧肺通气,4-10mg/kg/h丙泊酚或0.8%-2%七氟醚维持麻醉。按需给予1mg/kg顺阿曲库铵以及1-3ug/kg芬太尼。胸腔镜三孔法解剖性肺切除术:采取侧卧位,患侧朝上,常规消毒铺巾,主刀医生及助手分别站在患者两侧;选取腋前线第7肋间10mm小切口作为观察孔;腋中线第3肋间约20-30mm切口作为主操作孔,腋后线10-20mm切口作为副操作孔;手术操作结束后于第3肋间操作孔安置20F尿管为胸腔引流管。试验组在胸腔镜手术结束前,病人仍处于全麻气管插管状态下,在胸腔镜的辅助下,由胸外科医师使用已经配制完成的神经阻滞药液200ml进行肋间神经阻滞,阻滞范围(肺上叶手术:2-10肋间,肺中叶及下叶手术:3-10肋间)。对照组则在手术结束后气管拔管前安置病人自控镇痛泵(Patient-controlled analgesic,PCA)。本试验所有受试者均在同一医疗组完成手术。术后返回病房,在VAS大于4分时给予西乐葆200mg po作为镇痛补救用药,若仍有明显疼痛,则给予地佐辛5mg im补救,并记录用药总量。
记录指标:基本信息:性别、年龄等人口基本信息;基础情况:基础疾病,心肺功能(肺功能,6min步行试验距离以及试验前后的Borg疲劳/呼吸困难评分);术后随访:主要观察指标:术后4h、8h、24h、48h、72h、30d的静息VAS评分和运动VAS评分;次要观察指标:术后4h、8h、24h、48h、72h、30d的生命体征(包括体温、脉率、血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼吸频率等),疼痛部位与性质,不良反应,镇痛药物追加量,术后并发症(引流量,术后肺部并发症,消化系统功能紊乱等),术后康复质量(QOR-15评分量表)。
2、统计方法
连续资料若服从正态分布,采用方差分析进行组间比较,若不服从正态分布,则采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验进行比较。分类资料根据其无序或有序的性质,采用χ2检验或Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。对同一因变量的重复测量数据采用重复测量的方差分析进行比较。
3、实验结果
每组纳入22例患者,其中0.2R+0.02MP组失访1例,提前出院1例,最终纳入统计20例;PCA组失访3例,最终纳入统计19例。
主要结局指标:如图8所示,VAS评分中两组无统计学差异(活动VAS评分,p=0.0919;静息VAS评分,p=0.706)。
次要观察指标:如图9所示,PCA组西乐葆用量高于0.2R+0.02MP组,有统计学差异(p=0.01231)。而随访期间的心率、血压、脉搏氧饱和度、呼吸频率均无明显差异(p>0.05)。
随访期内两组所有患者均未观察到头晕目眩、烦躁、肌肉震颤、抽搐等类似局麻药物中毒反应,或阻滞区域皮疹、瘙痒、破损等局部不良反应。
根据上述结果提示,本发明的复方盐酸罗哌卡因混悬液在临床上的镇痛作用不差于镇痛泵,补救用药量明显低于镇痛泵组,且未观察到局麻药物中毒反应或局部不良反应。与镇痛泵相比,神经阻滞为单次注射,更易于术后护理,利于患者早期下床活动,且成本更低。
综上,本发明提供了一种新的共晶,及其在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中的用途。该共晶具有缓释效果,能够用于制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物。实验结果表明,以该共晶为原料制得的药物可以明显延长神经阻滞及皮下浸润的镇痛和/或局部麻醉时间,具有优良的缓释效果,可以用于术前、术中或术后疼痛的治疗,或术中局部麻醉。本发明提供的共晶原料易得,制备方法简单,在制备长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉的药物中具有良好的应用前景。
Claims (15)
1.一种共晶,其特征在于,所述共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度在10.49±0.20°、31.63±0.20°、45.39±0.20°处有特征峰。
2.根据权利要求1所述的共晶,其特征在于,所述共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度还在19.97±0.20°、21.70±0.20°处有特征峰。
3.根据权利要求2所述的共晶,其特征在于,所述共晶的粉末X射线衍射图谱中,2θ衍射角度特征峰的相对强度值为:
。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的共晶,其特征在于,所述共晶是以罗哌卡因或其盐,甲泼尼龙或其盐,碱性pH调节剂为原料制备而成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的共晶,其特征在于,所述罗哌卡因的盐为盐酸罗哌卡因,所述甲泼尼龙的盐为甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠,所述pH调节剂选自氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碱性氨基酸中的一种或两种以上的混合。
6.根据权利要求4-5任意一项所述的共晶,其特征在于,所述罗哌卡因或其盐与甲泼尼龙或其盐的质量比为(5~500):1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的共晶,其特征在于,所述罗哌卡因或其盐与甲泼尼龙或其盐的质量比为(10~250):1。
8.一种具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的药物,其特征在于,它包含权利要求1-7任意一项所述的共晶。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物,其特征在于,它是固体制剂或液体制剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物,其特征在于,所述液体制剂的pH值不超过10.5。
11.根据权利要求10所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的pH值为7.5~9.5。
12.根据权利要求11所述的药物,其特征在于,所述的pH值为8.5。
13.根据权利要求9-12任意一项所述的药物,其特征在于,它是注射剂。
14.根据权利要求8-13任意一项所述的药物,其特征在于,它的制备方法包括以下步骤:将罗哌卡因或其盐加入水中溶解,然后加入甲泼尼龙或其盐混合均匀,再加入碱性pH调节剂,得到含共晶的混悬液。
15.权利要求1-7任意一项所述的共晶在制备具有长效镇痛或/和长效局部麻醉作用的药物中的用途。
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