CN116237667A - Electrified repair welding agent for aluminum bus - Google Patents
Electrified repair welding agent for aluminum bus Download PDFInfo
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- CN116237667A CN116237667A CN202310402312.4A CN202310402312A CN116237667A CN 116237667 A CN116237667 A CN 116237667A CN 202310402312 A CN202310402312 A CN 202310402312A CN 116237667 A CN116237667 A CN 116237667A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding materials, and relates to an aluminum bus live repair welding agent. The welding agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4 to 6 percent of magnesium powder, 2.5 to 3.3 percent of calcium silicate powder, 1 to 2 percent of copper powder, 3 to 4 percent of nickel powder, 3 to 4 percent of niobium powder, 1 to 2 percent of graphene, 2.2 to 5.4 percent of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 1 to 2.7 percent of lanthanum powder, 7.3 to 10.5 percent of potassium borofluoride powder, 2.5 to 4 percent of barium sulfate powder and 100 percent of aluminum powder. The aluminum bus live repair welding agent provided by the invention has excellent conductivity and strength, and the conductive framework is provided for the gap which cannot be completely covered by the aluminum bus after the welding agent is melted by adding the graphene, so that the influence of the welding agent on the aluminum bus is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding materials, and relates to an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Background
Because the aluminum electrolysis production is developed to a large-scale electrolytic tank, an aluminum electrolysis series usually comprises tens or even hundreds of electrolytic tanks which are connected in series to form a series, a loop is formed, the current intensity of the electrolytic tank and the series voltage are continuously increased, and the difficulty brought to the overhaul of the electrolytic tank of an electrolytic aluminum production enterprise is also increased. At present, under the condition of local welding of a major repair stop groove, a grooving and a single groove, an electrolytic aluminum production enterprise needs to have power failure for welding or adopts a cathode square steel crimping method. By adopting the method of power failure welding, the loss of the original aluminum yield can be caused in the power failure process, the impact on a power supply network can be caused, the electric energy waste is caused, the stable operation of the electrolytic tank and the production safety of enterprises are influenced, and the service life of the electrolytic tank is reduced. And by adopting the cathode square steel crimping method, the crimping resistance is higher than the welding resistance, and the crimping resistance is continuously increased along with the time, so that the electricity consumption is increased.
The live welding temperature is high, the welding time is short, and the entry of impurity elements and other harmful elements is easy to accompany, so that the joint with good performance is difficult to obtain. The main reason is that the instant heat generation of the electrified welding is very large, coarse eutectoid metal columns and coarse columns growing along the cooling direction are easy to generate in the welding seam, meanwhile, some impurity elements are easy to segregate, gather at the column quality, the bonding strength among grains is reduced, the plasticity of the welded joint is seriously reduced, and the brittleness is increased. Impurities such as nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and the like are easy to introduce in the welding process, so that the joint is aged and embrittled, and the thermal cracking sensitivity in the welding process is increased. The shorter solidification time of the charged welding ensures that hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the like dissolved by the liquid metal are not easy to separate out, thereby causing air holes. In addition, the joint cannot be effectively protected in the electrified welding process, so that the alloy elements are easily oxidized and burnt, the strengthening effect of the alloy elements is weakened, and the weld joint tissue strength is seriously reduced.
The element selection of the welding agent is particularly important when the aluminum bus is subjected to live repair welding. CN103286476B discloses a flux for live repair of aluminum electrolysis cell riser bus bar, which comprises 18-26% copper powder. The addition of Cu increases the tensile strength, fatigue properties and toughness of the weld and improves the surface finish, but decreases the corrosion resistance. The increase of Cu content can increase lattice distortion in an Al matrix and the formation of a second phase, and has an inhibition effect on dislocation slip, but can reduce the conductivity of the alloy, and meanwhile, the addition of Cu element can lead to grain refinement, so that the area of a grain boundary is increased, the scattering during directional movement of free electrons is increased, and the conductivity is reduced. Doping with other elements can also greatly affect the performance of the weld. For example, ti can refine grains to increase the grain boundary area, so that the scattering of directional movement of free electrons is increased, and the conductivity is reduced; the solid solubility of Mn in alpha-A1 is very high, and although the strength can be increased, the Mn can generate great lattice distortion in the aluminum matrix to enhance electron scattering and reduce the conductivity. In addition, the existing welding materials and welding technology are adopted to weld the bus, and the bus has the defects of insufficient welding heat, incapability of fusing an interface, incomplete slag-liquid separation, welding layering, overlong welding preheating time, poor strength and tensile property of metal in welding and the like, and the problems of serious energy loss in the operation process and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum bus live repair welding agent which has better hardness, tensile strength and corrosion resistance while having conductivity.
Based on the above-mentioned objects, the present application addresses this need in the art by providing an aluminum busbar live repair solder.
On the one hand, the invention relates to an aluminum bus live repair welding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4 to 6 percent of magnesium powder, 2.5 to 3.3 percent of calcium silicate powder, 1 to 2 percent of copper powder, 3 to 4 percent of nickel powder, 3 to 4 percent of niobium powder, 1 to 2 percent of graphene, 2.2 to 5.4 percent of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 1 to 2.7 percent of lanthanum powder, 7.3 to 10.5 percent of potassium borohydride powder, 2.5 to 4 percent of calcium sulfate powder and 100 percent of aluminum powder.
According to the invention, copper powder with a lower percentage is selected, and the addition of Cu element can improve the tensile strength, fatigue property and toughness of the welding seam and improve the surface finish, but can reduce the corrosion resistance and conductivity of the welding seam, and the influence on the welding seam is lower when the Cu element is lower.
According to the invention, magnesium powder and calcium silicate powder with a certain proportion are selected, the addition of magnesium element can improve the tensile strength, fatigue performance and toughness of a weld joint and improve the surface finish, but can reduce the corrosion resistance and conductivity of the weld joint, so that the addition of magnesium powder is required to be controlled, but in the presence of the calcium silicate powder, magnesium is combined with silicon, adverse effects of magnesium on corrosion resistance, conductivity and the like can be reduced, and the use amount of magnesium powder is improved to a certain extent so as to achieve a better effect.
According to the invention, on one hand, graphene is selected, and has different expansion coefficients with aluminum, and a dislocation area is generated at the interface between the graphene and the aluminum matrix during welding, so that dislocation movement is limited, i.e. a strengthening effect is achieved, scattering of electrons by interfaces and the like is reduced, and the conductivity of a welding seam is improved; on the other hand, the niobium element can obviously change the distribution of C between the carbide phase and the solid solution of the matrix to lead the matrix to be lean in carbon, inhibit the precipitation of weaker carbide, lead the carbide to be more prone to be solid-solution to the matrix, provide a conductive framework for gaps which are not completely covered with the aluminum bus after the welding agent is melted, and improve the influence of the welding agent on the aluminum bus.
According to the invention, lanthanum hexaboride powder and lanthanum powder are selected, lanthanum can interact with alloy elements, has strong affinity to oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and other harmful impurities, can purify welding joints, improve the structure of welding seams and the morphology and distribution of inclusions, avoid generating low-melting eutectic structures between branches or in the field, and reduce the hot cracking tendency of welding seams; lanthanum can form a high-melting-point compound with impurities, so that nucleation points are provided for weld crystallization, grains are refined, and the tensile strength of the weld is increased; the lanthanum element can also effectively reduce the activity of hydrogen in the aluminum liquid, reduce the pressure for separating out gaseous hydrogen, reduce hydrogen-induced pinholes and pores, and reduce the adverse effect of a humid environment of aluminum electrolysis production on welding to a certain extent. In addition, the present invention does not select doping of other rare metal elements, such as cerium. Because cerium and lanthanum, when co-doped, do not improve the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of aluminum.
Further, in the aluminum bus live repair welding agent provided by the invention, the granularity of any one of the components is 100-200 meshes.
Further, in the aluminum bus live repair welding agent provided by the invention, the purity of any one of the components is not lower than 98% in terms of mass percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the aluminum busbar live repair welding agent provided by the invention repairs the busbar in the electrified state of the aluminum electrolysis cell, has the advantages of stable reaction between the self-fluxing welding flux and the ignition powder, high safety, high fusion rate of the side wall of the welding line, and better hardness, tensile strength and corrosion resistance while considering the conductivity.
Detailed Description
The following describes the technical aspects of the present invention with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The experimental methods and the detection methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the medicaments and materials are available on the market unless specified otherwise; the index data, unless specified, are all conventional measurement methods.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Taking 4kg of magnesium powder, 2.5kg of calcium silicate powder, 1kg of copper powder, 3kg of nickel powder, 3kg of niobium powder, 1kg of graphene, 2.2kg of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 1kg of lanthanum powder, 7.3kg of potassium borofluoride powder, 2.5kg of calcium sulfate powder and 72.5kg of aluminum powder, wherein the granularity range of all raw materials accords with 100-200 meshes, the purity of all raw materials is not lower than 98%, drying, and uniformly mixing by using a powder mixer to obtain the aluminum busbar welding agent.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Taking 4.5kg of magnesium powder, 2.8kg of calcium silicate powder, 1.2kg of copper powder, 3.2kg of nickel powder, 3.2kg of niobium powder, 1.2kg of graphene, 2.5kg of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 1.2kg of lanthanum powder, 8kg of potassium borofluoride powder, 3kg of calcium sulfate powder and 69.2kg of aluminum powder, wherein the granularity range of all raw materials accords with 100-200 meshes, the purity of all raw materials is not less than 98%, drying, and uniformly mixing by using a powder mixer to obtain the aluminum bus welding agent.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Taking 5kg of magnesium powder, 3kg of calcium silicate powder, 1.5kg of copper powder, 3.5kg of nickel powder, 3.5kg of niobium powder, 1.5kg of graphene, 3kg of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 1.6kg of lanthanum powder, 8.5kg of potassium borofluoride powder, 3.5kg of calcium sulfate powder and 65.4kg of aluminum powder, wherein the granularity range of all raw materials accords with 100-200 meshes, the purity of all raw materials is not less than 98%, drying, and uniformly mixing by using a powder mixer to obtain the aluminum bus welding agent.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Taking 5.5kg of magnesium powder, 3kg of calcium silicate powder, 1.8kg of copper powder, 3.8kg of nickel powder, 3.8kg of niobium powder, 1.8kg of graphene, 4kg of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 2kg of lanthanum powder, 9kg of potassium borofluoride powder, 3.8kg of calcium sulfate powder and 61.5kg of aluminum powder, wherein the granularity range of all raw materials accords with 100-200 meshes, the purity of all raw materials is not less than 98%, drying, and uniformly mixing by using a powder mixer to obtain the aluminum busbar welding agent.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Taking 6kg of magnesium powder, 3.3kg of calcium silicate powder, 2kg of copper powder, 4kg of nickel powder, 4kg of niobium powder, 2kg of graphene, 5.4kg of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 2.7kg of lanthanum powder, 10.5kg of potassium borofluoride powder, 4kg of calcium sulfate powder and 56.1kg of aluminum powder, wherein the granularity range of all raw materials accords with 100-200 meshes, the purity of all raw materials is not lower than 98%, drying, and uniformly mixing by using a powder mixer to obtain the aluminum bus welding agent.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
The method of preparation and welding is described in example 1 of CN 103286476B.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Example 1, referred to herein, was prepared with the difference that no graphene was included.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Preparation reference example 5 of the present application, except that the copper powder was added in an amount of 20kg.
Comparative example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Example 5, which is referred to herein, is prepared with the difference that the magnesium powder is added in an amount of 20kg.
Comparative example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Reference example 1 was made to this application, except that no calcium silicate powder was added.
Comparative example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation test of an aluminum bus live repair welding agent.
Example 5, which is referred to herein, is prepared with the difference that the magnesium powder is added in an amount of 2kg.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a test of the welding agent for welding the aluminum bus.
The welding is carried out by adopting the following steps:
step 1: and cutting off the damaged area vertically downwards from the top end of the aluminum busbar to form a to-be-welded welding port with the depth of about 16 cm: step 2: polishing the inner surface of a welded junction to be welded to be smooth and carrying out lubrication treatment; step 3: measuring the size of a welded junction, and calculating the addition amount of the welding flux according to the size of the welded junction; step 4: installing a packaging mold to cover a weld joint to be welded, inserting a funnel-shaped charging mold into the packaging mold, wherein a baffle is arranged at a small hole at the bottom of the charging mold, loading an aluminum bus bar hammer agent into the charging mold, scattering ignition powder on the surface of the aluminum bus bar hammer agent, inserting a lead wire, igniting the lead wire, and initiating exothermic reaction; step 5: after the baffle plate at the bottom of the charging mould is melted, high-temperature molten metal flows into the welding port to be welded from the small hole at the bottom of the charging mould, and after the molten metal is cooled, the lower packaging mould and the charging mould are disassembled; step 6: and (5) cleaning redundant parts and welding slag of the metal surface of the welding part after cooling, and grinding and polishing the surface to obtain the repaired aluminum bus. And measuring the conductivity of the sample by adopting an eddy current conductivity meter. The tensile rate of the universal tensile tester was 2.0mm/min, and each group of samples was tested 3 times, and the average value thereof was taken as the tensile strength value of the samples. Hardness detection was performed using a metal rockwell hardness tester. The coefficient of friction was measured using a planar friction coefficient meter. The electric corrosion rate was measured with reference to GB/T24196-2009. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum bus live repair welding agent provided by the invention has better hardness, tensile strength and corrosion resistance while having conductivity. The doping of the graphene enhances the conductivity of the welded material, and the addition of copper and magnesium greatly influences the conductivity. In the presence of the calcium silicate powder, magnesium and silicon are combined, so that the dosage of the magnesium powder can be increased to a certain extent, and a better performance effect is achieved. When no calcium silicate powder is added, the electric conductivity and corrosion resistance can be greatly affected by the high-usage magnesium powder.
The present invention may be better implemented as described above, and the above examples are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The aluminum bus live repair welding agent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 4 to 6 percent of magnesium powder, 2.5 to 3.3 percent of calcium silicate powder, 1 to 2 percent of copper powder, 3 to 4 percent of nickel powder, 3 to 4 percent of niobium powder, 1 to 2 percent of graphene, 2.2 to 5.4 percent of lanthanum hexaboride powder, 1 to 2.7 percent of lanthanum powder, 7.3 to 10.5 percent of potassium borohydride powder, 2.5 to 4 percent of calcium sulfate powder and 100 percent of aluminum powder.
2. The aluminum busbar live repair welding agent according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of any one of the components is 100 to 200 mesh.
3. The aluminum busbar live repair welding agent according to claim 1, wherein the purity of any one of the components is not lower than 98% in mass percent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310402312.4A CN116237667A (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Electrified repair welding agent for aluminum bus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310402312.4A CN116237667A (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Electrified repair welding agent for aluminum bus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116237667A true CN116237667A (en) | 2023-06-09 |
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| CN202310402312.4A Pending CN116237667A (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Electrified repair welding agent for aluminum bus |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118002986A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 山西银河阳光科技有限公司 | Preparation method and device of aluminum bus live repair welding agent |
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- 2023-04-17 CN CN202310402312.4A patent/CN116237667A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118002986A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 山西银河阳光科技有限公司 | Preparation method and device of aluminum bus live repair welding agent |
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