CN116237229B

CN116237229B - Kitchen waste pretreatment screening device

Info

Publication number: CN116237229B
Application number: CN202310503815.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐向波; 钟志惠; 尤香玲; 罗文�; 李想
Original assignee: Sichuan Tourism University
Current assignee: Sichuan Tourism University
Priority date: 2023-05-06
Filing date: 2023-05-06
Publication date: 2023-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2043-05-06
Also published as: CN116237229A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment and discloses a kitchen waste pretreatment screening device, which comprises a machine shell, wherein a screen cylinder is arranged in the machine shell, a rotary table is arranged in the screen cylinder, the rotary table is connected with a driving unit, connecting shafts are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the rotary table and are connected with a mounting plate, each connecting shaft is rotatably provided with a swinging block, each swinging block is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shafts are provided with extrusion blocks, and all extrusion blocks are spirally distributed; the screen cylinder is provided with a feed inlet and a slag discharge opening, the feed inlet is arranged on the upper side surface of the screen cylinder, and the feed inlet is positioned above the rotating shaft; a receiving hopper is arranged below the screen cylinder. According to the kitchen waste pretreatment screening device provided by the invention, kitchen waste entering the screen cylinder from the feed inlet is firstly crushed and reduced by the rotating shaft, then enters the inside of the screen cylinder, the extrusion block continuously rotates to extrude and discharge biomass from the screen holes, and the extrusion force of the extrusion block can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the driving unit.

Description

Kitchen waste pretreatment screening device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a kitchen waste pretreatment screening device.

Background

The solid content in the kitchen waste is relatively complex, and it is an important part of the kitchen waste treatment how to separate the non-biomass, such as plastic products and metal products, in addition to the biomass. At present, most of the separation equipment in the prior art extrudes kitchen waste in a screen through a screw rod, so that biomass components are discharged from the screen to be separated from non-biomass, but a plurality of problems still exist, such as when the hard impurities in the non-biomass are encountered, the hard impurities Yi Ka are between the screw rod and the screen, normal screening operation is affected, and even the screen is damaged. In addition, if impurities are blocked in the meshes of the screen, the meshes are easy to be blocked, and the cleaning is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems at least to some extent. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a kitchen waste pretreatment screening device.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the kitchen waste pretreatment screening device comprises a machine shell, wherein a screen drum is arranged in the machine shell, a rotary table is arranged in the screen drum, the rotary table is connected with a driving unit, connecting shafts are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the rotary table and connected with a mounting plate, each connecting shaft is rotatably provided with a swinging block, each swinging block is provided with a rotating shaft, each rotating shaft is provided with a squeezing block, and all squeezing blocks are spirally distributed; the swing block is provided with an adjusting screw in a threaded manner, the adjusting screw is connected with one end of a tension spring, the other end of the tension spring is connected with a positioning column, and the positioning column is arranged on the turntable and/or the mounting plate; the screen cylinder is provided with a feed inlet and a slag discharge port, and the feed inlet is positioned above the rotating shaft; a receiving hopper is arranged below the screen cylinder.

Preferably, a plurality of crushing teeth are arranged on the rotating shaft, and the crushing teeth on the adjacent rotating shafts are arranged in a staggered mode. And a plurality of pairs of limit posts are arranged on the turntable and/or the mounting plate, and each pair of limit posts is positioned on two opposite sides of one swinging block. The extrusion piece is cylindrical, and the extrusion piece is made of rubber, and the extrusion piece is installed on the axis of rotation in a rotating way.

Preferably, the screen cylinder comprises a plurality of screen petals which are round, a reinforcing rib net is arranged on the outer wall of the screen petals, and the reinforcing rib net is arranged on the floating unit; the floating unit comprises a base, an elastic piece and a force bearing ring are arranged on the base, the force bearing ring is arranged on the periphery of the elastic piece, the reinforcing rib net is arranged on the installation surface of the elastic piece, and the installation surface of the elastic piece protrudes out of the force bearing ring. The two sides of each screen valve are provided with engaging teeth, and the engaging teeth of adjacent screen valves are arranged in a staggered mode. The elastic piece comprises a first disc spring arranged on the base and a second disc spring connected with the first disc spring, and the first disc spring and the second disc spring are oppositely arranged. Alternatively, the elastic member is a compression spring.

Preferably, the screen cylinder is horizontally arranged, or the screen cylinder and the horizontal plane form an included angle, and the included angle is more than 0 degree and less than 30 degrees.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

according to the kitchen waste pretreatment screening device provided by the invention, kitchen waste entering the screen cylinder from the feed inlet is firstly crushed and reduced by the rotating shaft, then enters the inside of the screen cylinder, the extrusion block continuously rotates to extrude and discharge biomass from the screen holes, and the extrusion force of the extrusion block can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the driving unit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a kitchen waste pretreatment screening device.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the extrusion structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the pressing structure of fig. 2 with the mounting plate omitted.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the working state of the extrusion structure of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a crushing tooth according to the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a screen panel of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of another angle of the screen panel of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 7.

In the figure: 1-a shell; 2-a screen drum; 3-a turntable; 4-connecting shafts; 5-mounting plate; 6-swinging blocks; 7-rotating shaft; 8-extruding a block; 9-adjusting the screw; 10-a tension spring; 11-positioning columns; 12-a feed inlet; 13-receiving hoppers; 14-limiting columns; 15-screen mesh valve; 16-a reinforcing mesh; 17-a base; 18-a load-bearing ring; 19-a first disc spring; 20-a second disc spring; 21-occlusion; 22-sieve pores; 23-an electric motor; 24-feeding hopper; 25-a slag discharge hopper; 26-crushing teeth.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship conventionally put in place when the product of the present invention is used, or the orientation or positional relationship conventionally understood by those skilled in the art is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and is not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for understanding as indicating or implying a relative importance.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements.

As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the kitchen waste pretreatment screening device of the embodiment mainly comprises a casing 1, a screen drum 2 and an extrusion structure, wherein the casing 1 is hollow, a feed hopper 24 is arranged at the upper part of the casing 1, a slag discharge hopper 25 is arranged at one side of the casing 1, and a receiving hopper 13 is arranged at the lower part of the casing 1; the screen cylinder 2 is arranged in the shell 1, the screen cylinder 2 is cylindrical, a plurality of screen holes 22 are formed in the outer circumferential surface of the screen cylinder 2, one end of the screen cylinder 2 is closed, the other end of the screen cylinder 2 is opened to form a slag discharging port, the slag discharging port is arranged opposite to the slag discharging hopper 25, a feed inlet 12 is formed in the top surface of the screen cylinder 2, and the feed inlet 12 is positioned below the feed hopper 24; the extrusion structure is located inside the screen drum 2, and the extrusion structure is mainly used for pushing and extruding kitchen waste entering the screen drum 2 from the feed inlet, so that biomass falls into the receiving hopper 13 from the screen holes and is discharged, and therefore non-biomass is separated from the biomass, enters the slag discharging hopper 25 from the slag discharging port and is discharged, and further the kitchen waste is conveniently processed.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the extrusion structure mainly comprises a rotary table 3, a connecting shaft 4, a mounting plate 5, a swinging block 6, an extrusion block 8, an adjusting screw 9, a tension spring 10 and a positioning column 11; the turntable 3 is connected with a driving unit outside the casing 1 through a rotating shaft, and the driving unit can drive the turntable 3 to rotate. Connecting shafts 4 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the turntable 3, mounting plates 5 are arranged in parallel with the turntable 3, and the mounting plates 5 are connected with the connecting shafts 4, namely one end of each connecting shaft 4 is connected with the turntable 3, and the other end is connected with the mounting plate 5; every connecting axle 4 is gone up and is all rotated and install a swinging block 6, all installs axis of rotation 7 on every swinging block 6, installs an extrusion piece 8 on every axis of rotation 7, and the length of axis of rotation 7 is different, and the tip of all axes of rotation 7 forms the spiral after connecting in order, consequently extrusion piece 8 on the tip of axis of rotation 7 distributes in order the spiral.

The swing block 6 is provided with an adjusting screw 9 in a threaded manner, the adjusting screw 9 is connected with one end of a tension spring 10, the other end of the tension spring 10 is connected with a positioning column 11, and the positioning column 11 is arranged on the turntable 3; the adjusting screw 9 can be advanced or withdrawn on the swinging block 6 by screwing the adjusting screw 9, thereby adjusting the tightness and the pulling force of the tension spring 10. The turntable 3 is provided with a plurality of pairs of limit posts 14, the two limit posts in each pair are positioned on two opposite sides of one swinging block 6, the swinging block 6 in a natural state clings to the limit post 14 on one side under the action of the tension force of the tension spring 10, and the spiral round diameter surrounded by the extrusion block 8 is minimum.

As shown in fig. 1, the feed opening 12 on the top surface of the screen cylinder 2 is located above the rotation shaft 7, and the mounting plate 5 is located on the side below the feed opening 12. As shown in fig. 5, the rotating shafts 7 are provided with a plurality of crushing teeth 26, and the crushing teeth 26 on adjacent rotating shafts 7 are staggered. When the driving unit is started, the driving unit drives the extrusion structure to enter a working state, the whole extrusion structure rotates at the moment, under the action of centrifugal force, the swinging block 6 swings outwards against the pulling force of the tension spring 10 to drive the rotating shaft 7 and the extrusion block 8 to move, the spiral circular diameter surrounded by the extrusion block 8 gradually becomes larger, and when the spiral circular diameter surrounded by the extrusion block 8 is maximum, the swinging block 6 is tightly attached to the limit column 14 on the other side, as shown in fig. 4 at the moment. The provision of the stopper posts 14 prevents the swing amplitude of the swing block 6 from becoming excessively large, as shown in fig. 4, which would not occur when the press structure is in normal use, because the press block 8 has already contacted the inner wall of the screen cylinder 2 when the swing block 6 is not yet in foundation with the stopper posts 14 on the other side, thus preventing further outward swing of the swing block 6. After the extrusion structure enters into a working state, the centrifugal force of the swinging block 6 and the rotating speed thereof are positively correlated, so that the amplitude of outward swinging of the swinging block 6 can be controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the driving unit, and the extrusion force of the extrusion block 8 on the inner wall of the screen cylinder 2 can be regulated, and the extrusion structure can realize the regulation of the extrusion force.

The extrusion structure continuously rotates in a working state, kitchen waste entering the screen cylinder 2 from the feed inlet is firstly crushed and reduced by the rotating shaft 7, the kitchen waste is crushed and simultaneously the impurities of large pieces in the kitchen waste can be cut to be smaller under the cutting action of the crushing teeth 26, the subsequent extrusion screening is convenient, and the cutting effect is better due to the staggered crushing teeth 26; the kitchen waste after being crushed and cut enters the screen cylinder 2, the extrusion block 8 continuously rotates to extrude and discharge biomass from the screen holes, meanwhile, the extrusion block 8 is spirally distributed, so that the inner wall of the screen cylinder 2 can be uniformly extruded, the kitchen waste can be pushed to continuously rotate in the screen cylinder and simultaneously move towards the slag discharge port, and finally, the non-biomass which cannot be discharged from the screen holes enters the slag discharge hopper 25 to be discharged from the slag discharge port, and the extrusion structure continuously rotates, so that the rotating shaft 7 still continuously breaks and cuts the kitchen waste in the process of extruding and discharging the biomass in the kitchen waste from the screen holes in the extrusion block 8. The outer side surface of the extrusion block 8 can inwardly swing to retract the extrusion block 8 to prevent the extrusion block 8 from being blocked when contacting with non-biomass with higher hardness. The extrusion piece 8 is made of rubber and can be replaced, the extrusion piece made of rubber has certain elasticity, when the extrusion piece 8 contacts with non-biomass with higher hardness, the extrusion piece 8 can generate elastic deformation, part of impact force is absorbed, and vibration of the extrusion structure is reduced.

The extrusion piece 8 is cylindrical, and extrusion piece 8 rotates and installs on axis of rotation 7, and when extrusion piece 8 rotated along with axis of rotation 7, extrusion piece 8 also can take place the rotation with kitchen waste contact, firstly can prevent that kitchen waste from adhering in the same position of extrusion piece 8 and forming the caking, secondly the rotation of extrusion piece 8 can produce more multi-directional frictional force with the kitchen waste, more does benefit to the living beings in the kitchen waste to pass the sieve mesh.

As shown in fig. 6, the screen cylinder 2 comprises two screen petals 15, each screen petal 15 is approximately in a semicircular structure, one end of the semicircular structure is provided with a closing plate, the other end of the semicircular structure is open, two sides of each screen petal 15 are provided with engaging teeth 21, the engaging teeth 21 of the adjacent screen petals 15 are arranged in a staggered mode, when the two screen petals 15 are folded, the engaging teeth are engaged with each other to be completely closed, at the moment, one open end of the two screen petals encloses a slag discharge port, the outer wall of the screen petals 15 is provided with a reinforcing rib net 16, the reinforcing rib net 16 is transversely and longitudinally staggered between the screen holes 22, and the reinforcing rib net 16 is arranged on a floating unit; the reinforcement mesh 16 can increase the strength of the screen segments 15 and can better transfer the forces to which the screen segments 15 are subjected to the floating unit.

The floating unit comprises a base 17, an elastic piece and a force-bearing ring 18 are arranged on the base 17, the force-bearing ring 18 is arranged on the periphery of the elastic piece, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the elastic piece comprises a first disc spring 19 arranged on the base 17 and a second disc spring 20 connected with the first disc spring 19, the first disc spring 19 and the second disc spring 20 are oppositely arranged, a reinforcing rib net 16 is arranged on the mounting surface of the second disc spring 20, and the mounting surface of the second disc spring 20 protrudes out of the force-bearing ring 18.

The extrusion structure rotates continuously in the working state, the extrusion block 8 produces extrusion force to the screen valve 15, when the extrusion force is smaller, the elastic piece formed by the first disc spring 19 and the second disc spring 20 keeps stable state all the time, the extrusion structure works normally at this moment, when the screen cylinder needs to be cleaned simply, firstly, the rotation speed of the driving unit can be increased so as to increase the extrusion force of the extrusion block to the screen valve, the elastic piece can be compressed to generate deformation, but after the elastic piece is compressed to a certain extent, the reinforcing rib net 16 can prop against the force-bearing ring 18 to prevent the elastic piece from further compression, the elastic piece can be prevented from being compressed excessively to cause damage, then the rotation speed of the driving unit is reduced, the extrusion force of the extrusion block to the screen valve is reduced, the elastic piece is reset, the operation is repeated, the screen valve can produce displacement and shaking in the compression and resetting process of the elastic piece, and kitchen waste adhered to the inner wall of the screen valve 15 and kitchen waste clamped on the screen hole can be shaken out; secondly, the casing 1 can be opened, the screen valve 15 is knocked by a tool, and similarly, the screen valve can transmit force to the elastic element after being knocked, and along with continuous knocking, the elastic element can shake in the compression and resetting processes of the elastic element, so that kitchen wastes attached to the inner wall of the screen valve and kitchen wastes clamped on the sieve holes can be shaken off. The principle of the two cleaning modes is the same, and the two cleaning modes depend on floating arrangement of the screen valve and drive the screen valve to displace and shake in the compression and resetting processes of the elastic piece in the floating unit.

When adopting first kind clearance mode, extrusion structure normal work, though screen cloth lamella can produce displacement and shake, can appear certain not hard up between the interlock tooth, expose the slit hole, but the interlock tooth can not break away from completely, consequently can not have the condition that the non-living beings in the kitchen waste was extruded away from the slit hole.

In this embodiment, the screen drum 2 is horizontally arranged, the driving unit includes a motor 23, the output end of the motor 23 is connected with a driving wheel, the driving wheel is connected with a driven wheel through a belt, and the driven wheel is connected with a rotating shaft.

In other embodiments, the screen drum 2 has an angle of 6 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the end of the screen drum 2 provided with the feed inlet 12 is higher.

In other embodiments, the screen cylinder 2 may be surrounded by three or more screen petals 15.

In other embodiments, the resilient member is a compression spring having a height that is greater than the height of the load ring 18.

The invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and any person who may derive other various forms of products in the light of the present invention, however, any changes in shape or structure thereof, all falling within the technical solutions defined in the scope of the claims of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Kitchen waste pretreatment screening plant, its characterized in that: the novel rotary screen comprises a machine shell (1), wherein a screen drum (2) is arranged in the machine shell (1), a rotary table (3) is arranged in the screen drum (2), the rotary table (3) is connected with a driving unit, connecting shafts (4) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the rotary table (3), the connecting shafts (4) are connected with a mounting plate (5), each connecting shaft (4) is rotatably provided with a swinging block (6), each swinging block (6) is provided with a rotating shaft (7), each rotating shaft (7) is provided with a squeezing block (8), and all squeezing blocks (8) are spirally distributed; an adjusting screw (9) is arranged on the swing block (6) in a threaded manner, the adjusting screw (9) is connected with one end of a tension spring (10), the other end of the tension spring (10) is connected with a positioning column (11), and the positioning column (11) is arranged on the turntable (3) and/or the mounting plate (5); a feed inlet (12) and a slag discharge port are arranged on the screen drum (2), and the feed inlet (12) is positioned above the rotating shaft (7); a receiving hopper (13) is arranged below the screen cylinder (2); a plurality of pairs of limit posts (14) are arranged on the turntable (3) and/or the mounting plate (5), and each pair of limit posts (14) is positioned on two opposite sides of one swinging block (6).

2. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of crushing teeth (26) are arranged on the rotating shafts (7), and the crushing teeth (26) on the adjacent rotating shafts (7) are arranged in a staggered mode.

3. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device according to claim 1, wherein: the extrusion block (8) is cylindrical, and the extrusion block (8) is rotatably arranged on the rotating shaft (7).

4. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device according to claim 1, wherein: the extrusion block (8) is made of rubber.

5. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device according to claim 1, wherein: the screen cylinder (2) comprises a plurality of screen petals (15) which are round, a reinforcing rib net (16) is arranged on the outer wall of the screen petals (15), and the reinforcing rib net (16) is arranged on the floating unit; the floating unit comprises a base (17), an elastic piece and a force-bearing ring (18) are arranged on the base (17), the force-bearing ring (18) is arranged on the periphery of the elastic piece, the reinforcing rib net (16) is arranged on the mounting surface of the elastic piece, and the mounting surface of the elastic piece protrudes out of the force-bearing ring (18).

6. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device of claim 5, wherein: the elastic piece comprises a first disc spring (19) arranged on the base (17) and a second disc spring (20) connected with the first disc spring (19), and the first disc spring (19) and the second disc spring (20) are oppositely arranged.

7. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device of claim 5, wherein: the elastic piece is a compression spring.

8. The kitchen waste pretreatment screening device of claim 5, wherein: the two sides of each screen flap (15) are provided with engaging teeth (21), and the engaging teeth (21) of the adjacent screen flaps (15) are arranged in a staggered mode.

9. Kitchen waste pretreatment screening device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the screen cylinder (2) is horizontally arranged, or the screen cylinder (2) and the horizontal plane form an included angle, and the included angle is more than 0 degree and less than 30 degrees.