CN116227143B - Electric connector sealing reliability prediction method considering rubber aging mechanism - Google Patents

Electric connector sealing reliability prediction method considering rubber aging mechanism Download PDF

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CN116227143B
CN116227143B CN202211731113.XA CN202211731113A CN116227143B CN 116227143 B CN116227143 B CN 116227143B CN 202211731113 A CN202211731113 A CN 202211731113A CN 116227143 B CN116227143 B CN 116227143B
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rubber
rubber sealing
compression set
seal
electric connector
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徐乐
陈东旭
王紫阳
吴凯
赵禹瑶
程浩
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F2119/02Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting sealing reliability of an electric connector by considering a rubber aging mechanism, which mainly considers a sealing failure mode of the electric connector caused by rubber aging, and establishes a failure physical model reflecting the sealing function failure rule of the electric connector under the action of failure inducements (including working stress, environmental stress, time stress and the like) by analyzing the internal reasons and the mechanisms of the electric connector from the compression permanent deformation of a rubber sealing element under the action of external environmental stresses such as temperature humidity, salt fog and the like until the sealing function fails, thereby realizing accurate prediction of the sealing reliability of the electric connector. The invention solves the problem that the traditional reliability prediction method is difficult to quantify the influence of product quality consistency information (material, structure and process data fluctuation) on the product reliability.

Description

Electric connector sealing reliability prediction method considering rubber aging mechanism
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting reliability of an electric connector product, in particular to a method for predicting sealing reliability of an electric connector by considering a rubber aging mechanism.
Background
The electric connector is a key basic component for realizing electric connection and signal transmission among devices, components and systems, generally mainly comprises an elastic contact piece, an electromagnetic mechanism, an insulating mounting plate, a rubber sealing piece, a shell and the like, has the advantages of low impedance in a conducting state and good sealing performance in a physical insulation state and an on-off state, is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, ships, aerospace, weaponry and the like, and has huge matched use amount in the system.
Due to the influence of external environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, salt fog and the like, a sealing element formed by rubber materials in the electric connector is aged, embrittled, poor in viscoelasticity and permanently deformed, the tightness of the electric connector is seriously damaged, so that the sealing failure becomes one of the main failure modes of the electric connector, and the rubber aging becomes one of the main failure mechanisms of the electric connector. Aging of rubber seals is primarily related to environmental factors (referring to temperature, humidity, atmosphere, etc.) and compression stress conditions. The microscopic expression is that the acting force and the network structure between the rubber material molecules are changed or destroyed, and the molecular chain between the molecules is shifted. Macroscopically, the rubber material has poor viscoelasticity, brittle cracks, and poor recovery (i.e., compression set) after the compression stress is released, and thus, sealing functions such as air sealing and water sealing are disabled. The temperature and humidity, atmosphere, compression stress conditions and other factors can directly influence the compression permanent deformation rate of the rubber sealing element.
The traditional reliability prediction method which simply relies on mathematical statistics cannot accurately describe the intrinsic mechanism and rule that the sealing performance of the electric connector is subjected to compression permanent deformation of the rubber sealing element under the action of external environmental stress such as temperature and humidity, salt fog and the like until the sealing performance is invalid, so that the accuracy of the reliability prediction of the electric connector is poor, and even the order of magnitude difference is generated. Therefore, how to realize the sealing reliability of the electrical connector considering the rubber aging mechanism is expected to be a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the traditional reliability prediction method which simply relies on mathematical statistics cannot accurately describe the mechanism and rule of the function failure of the electric connector under the action of failure inducement, so that the reliability prediction accuracy of the seal is poor, the invention provides the reliability prediction method of the electric connector, which considers the rubber aging mechanism, based on the combination of failure physics and the mathematical statistics method.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an electrical connector seal reliability prediction method considering a rubber aging mechanism includes the steps of:
step one: establishing a digital prototype model y=f (X) of the electrical connector according to the electrical connector design drawing and the process file for describing compression set X of the rubber seal C Equal input parameter x= [ X ] C ]Sealing performance Y with electric connector S Equal output characteristic y= [ Y ] S ]An input-output relationship between;
step two: aiming at a rubber sealing element (namely a key part of an electric connector), developing an accelerated aging test research of the rubber sealing element considering a rubber aging mechanism, and obtaining compression set degradation data of the rubber sealing element under different combinations of environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing element, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing element, process parameters T of the rubber sealing element and the like through the accelerated aging test of the rubber sealing element, wherein:
input factors considered by the accelerated aging test research of the rubber sealing piece include: environmental conditions E (temperature, humidity, salt spray concentration, etc.), stress conditions F (initial stress, initial strain, etc. of the rubber seal), materials M of the rubber seal (silicone rubber, fluororubber, nitrile rubber, etc.), structural parameters C of the rubber seal (dimensional parameters, etc.), process parameters T of the rubber seal (processing, assembly parameters, etc.), and output factors considered in experimental study include: compression set X of rubber seal C
Step three: according to accelerated aging test data of the rubber sealing element, establishing a failure physical model X of compression set of the rubber sealing element C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co T), wherein X Co Compression set X for rubber seals C Initial value at time t=0 for describing compression set X of rubber seal C A rule of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing element, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing element, process parameters T of the rubber sealing element and the like;
step four: the quality consistency information of the rubber sealing element production process is utilized to obtain the cause material through statisticsInitial value X of compression set of rubber sealing element caused by fluctuation of material, structure and process parameters Co Distribution mean mu of (2) X And standard deviation sigma X Based on Monte Carlo random process theory, according to X Co Fluctuation range mu of (2) X ±6σ X Randomly generating initial values X of N groups of batch slotted contact virtual samples conforming to normal distribution at t=0 moment by utilizing independent and same-distributed central limit theorem o1 =[X Co1 ]、X o2 =[X Co2 ]、...、X oN =[X CoN ]Wherein:
the quality consistency information comprises relevant data which are generated in the process flows of part processing, assembly, debugging and the like of the rubber sealing piece on the whole production line and can reflect the process capability of the working procedure;
step five: initial value X of virtual sample of batch rubber sealing piece constructed in step four at time t=0 o1 =[X Co1 ]、X o2 =[X Co2 ]、...、X oN =[X CoN ]Substituting the failure physical model X of the compression set of the rubber sealing piece established in the step three C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co In t), a batch of rubber seals compression set X is obtained C A rule of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing element, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing element, process parameters T of the rubber sealing element and the like; compression set X of the rubber sealing parts C Substituting the rule of degradation along with time t into the digital prototype model Y=F (X) of the electric connector established in the first step to obtain the output characteristic Y= [ Y ] of the batch electric connector S ]A rule of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing piece, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing piece, process parameters T of the rubber sealing piece and the like, and T i The output characteristic of the virtual sample of the batch electric connector at the moment is Y 1 (t i )=[Y S1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y SN (t i )];
Step six: compression set of rubber seals based on determination of seal failure in electrical connectorsForm failure threshold value, determining output characteristic Y= [ Y ] S ]Allowable stress σ= [ σ ] S ]Utilizing the batch of virtual samples of the electric connector obtained in the step five to be at t i Output characteristic Y of time 1 (t i )=[Y S1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y SN (t i )]And determining the number of seal failures in the sample according to the stress-intensity interference theory, so as to calculate the seal reliability at the current moment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention solves the problem that the traditional reliability prediction method is difficult to quantify the influence of product quality consistency information (material, structure and process data fluctuation) on the reliability of the product, and establishes a digital prototype model of the electric connector and a failure physical model of the compression permanent deformation of the rubber sealing element, and establishes a batch of virtual samples of the rubber sealing element by utilizing the quality consistency information to obtain the time degradation rule and distribution of the performance parameters of the batch of the electric connector, thereby calculating the sealing reliability of the electric connector at a certain moment according to the stress-intensity interference theory and ensuring the correctness and the accuracy of the predicted result of the sealing reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an implementation flow of a method for predicting seal reliability of an electrical connector taking into account a rubber aging mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the following description, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for predicting sealing reliability of an electric connector by considering a rubber aging mechanism, which mainly considers a sealing failure mode of the electric connector caused by rubber aging, and establishes a failure physical model reflecting the sealing function failure rule of the electric connector under the action of failure inducements (including working stress, environmental stress, time stress and the like) by analyzing the internal reasons and the mechanisms of the electric connector from the compression permanent deformation of a rubber sealing element under the action of external environmental stresses such as temperature humidity, salt fog and the like until the sealing function fails, thereby realizing accurate prediction of the sealing reliability of the electric connector. As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one: based on the design drawing and the process file of the electric connector, a digital prototype model Y=F (X) is established based on a response surface method for describing the compression set X of the rubber sealing element C Equal input parameter x= [ X ] C ]Sealing performance Y with electric connector S Equal output parameter y= [ Y ] S ]Input-output relationship between. Wherein the input parameter X is a characteristic parameter X= [ X ] of the rubber sealing element, which is degraded with time due to compression set caused by rubber aging under the action of environmental stress such as temperature and humidity, salt fog and the like C ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The output parameter Y is an output characteristic parameter Y= [ Y ] of the electrical connector, which is degraded with time due to rubber aging under the environmental stress effects such as temperature, humidity and salt fog S ]。
Step two: for rubber seals (i.e., key components of an electrical connector), accelerated aging test studies of rubber seals are conducted in consideration of the rubber aging mechanism, and input factors considered by the test studies include: environmental conditions E (temperature, humidity, salt spray concentration, etc.), stress conditions F (initial stress, initial strain, etc. of the rubber seal), materials M of the rubber seal (silicone rubber, fluororubber, nitrile rubber, etc.), structural parameters C of the rubber seal (dimensional parameters, etc.), process parameters T of the rubber seal (processing, assembly parameters, etc.), and output factors considered in experimental study include: compression set X of rubber seal C And obtaining compression set degradation data of the rubber sealing element under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing element, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing element, process parameters T of the rubber sealing element and the like through an accelerated ageing test of the rubber sealing element.
Step three: according to accelerated aging test data of the rubber sealing element, establishing a failure physical model X of compression set of the rubber sealing element C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co T) describing the compression set X of a rubber seal C In different environmentsThe rule of degradation with time T under the combination of the condition E, the stress condition F, the material M of the rubber sealing piece, the structural parameter C of the rubber sealing piece, the technological parameter T of the rubber sealing piece and the like. Wherein X is Co Compression set X for rubber seals C Initial value at time t=0, namely:
X Co =P(E,F,M,C,T,t=0) (1)。
in this step, the failure physical model X of the compression set of the rubber seal C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co The method for establishing t) is as follows:
step three: determination of physical model form of compression set failure of rubber seal
According to the arrhenius equation, the relationship between the compression set rate K (T) and the temperature T is shown in the following formula (2):
wherein K (T) represents the rate of compression set (min -1 ) A represents an exponential factor (min -1 ),E a The activation energy (J/mol), R represents the molar gas constant (8.314J/mol.K), and T represents the thermodynamic temperature (K).
Compression set X C The relation of (t) and time t is shown in the formula (3):
step three, two: undetermined coefficients in a physical model of rubber seal compression set failure
In the physical model of the compression set failure of the rubber sealing element shown in the (3), if the environmental condition E, the stress condition F, the material M of the rubber sealing element, the structural parameter C of the rubber sealing element and the technological parameter T of the rubber sealing element are known, and the initial value X of the compression set of the rubber sealing element Co Is of known quantity, then the unknown quantity in the model is the undetermined coefficient A and the activation energy E a
And step three: determining undetermined coefficients in a model based on accelerated aging test of rubber seals
Under known environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing member, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing member, process parameters T of the rubber sealing member and initial compression set value X of the rubber sealing member Co Under the condition of (1) carrying out accelerated ageing test of rubber sealing parts and measuring at least two time points t 1 And t 2 Compression set X below C1 And X C2 The A.e under the test conditions can be calculated from the formula (4) -Ea/RT
Step four: the quality consistency information (namely, the related data which can reflect the process capability and is generated in the process flows of part processing, assembly, debugging and the like of the rubber sealing element on the whole production line) of the rubber sealing element production process is utilized to obtain the initial value X of the compression set of the rubber sealing element caused by fluctuation of materials, structures and process parameters through statistics Co Distribution mean mu of (2) X =[μ XCo ]And standard deviation sigma X =[σ XCo ]. Based on Monte Carlo random process theory, according to X Co Fluctuation range mu of (2) X ±6σ X Randomly generating N groups of arrays [ X ] conforming to normal distribution by utilizing independent and equidistributed central limit theorem Co1 ]、[X Co2 ]、...、[X CoN ]I.e. randomly generating the initial value X of N groups of batch slotting contact piece virtual samples conforming to normal distribution at the time t=0 o1 =[X Co1 ]、X o2 =[X Co2 ]、...、X oN =[X CoN ]。
Step five: initial value X of virtual sample of batch rubber sealing piece constructed in step four at time t=0 o1 =[X Co1 ]、X o2 =[X Co2 ]、...、X oN =[X CoN ]Substituting the failure physical model X of the compression set of the rubber sealing piece established in the step three C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co In t), can obtainCompression set X of batch to batch rubber seals C And the law of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing piece, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing piece, process parameters T of the rubber sealing piece and the like. Compression set X of the rubber sealing parts C Substituting the rule of degradation with time t into the model Y=F (X) =FX of the digital prototype of the electric connector established in the step one C ]In the process, the output characteristic (overall sealing performance) Y= [ Y ] of the batch electric connector can be obtained S ]The law of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing piece, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing piece, technological parameters T of the rubber sealing piece and the like, namely Y (T) = [ Y ] S (t)]=F(X C )=F[P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co ,t)]And t i The output characteristic of the virtual sample of the batch electric connector at the moment is Y 1 (t i )=[Y S1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y SN (t i )]。
Step six: determining output characteristic Y= [ Y ] according to a rubber sealing element compression set failure threshold value determined when the electrical connector fails in sealing performance S ]Allowable stress σ= [ σ ] S ]. Whole machine sealing Y in use process of electric connector S Degradation over time to failure threshold sigma S I.e., the functional strength is lower than the allowable stress, the electrical connector fails in sealing function. Utilizing the batch electric connector virtual sample obtained in the fifth step to at t i Output characteristic Y of time 1 (t i )=[Y S1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y SN (t i )]And judging whether each sample has sealing failure or not according to the stress-intensity interference theory.
When equation (5) is satisfied, the electrical connector dummy sample numbered l is illustrated at t i Seal failure occurs at time.
Y k (t i )=[Y Sk (t i )]<[σ S ]k=1,···,N (5)
Definition H f =[H S ]At t i Time-of-day seal failure sample collectionCombining, N (H) f ) For set H f =[H S ]The number of samples in (1), the electrical connector is at t i Sealing reliability R at time f (t i ) The method comprises the following steps:

Claims (6)

1. a method for predicting seal reliability of an electrical connector in consideration of a rubber aging mechanism, the method comprising the steps of:
step one: establishing a digital prototype model y=f (X) of the electrical connector according to the electrical connector design drawing and the process file for describing compression set X of the rubber seal C Input parameter x= [ X ] C ]Sealing performance Y with electric connector S Output characteristic y= [ Y ] S ]An input-output relationship between;
step two: aiming at the rubber sealing piece, developing accelerated ageing test research of the rubber sealing piece considering a rubber ageing mechanism, and obtaining compression permanent deformation X of the rubber sealing piece under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing piece, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing piece and technological parameters T of the rubber sealing piece through the accelerated ageing test of the rubber sealing piece C Degradation data;
step three: according to accelerated aging test data of the rubber sealing element, establishing a failure physical model X of compression set of the rubber sealing element C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co T), wherein X Co Compression set X for rubber seals C Initial value at time t=0 for describing compression set X of rubber seal C A rule of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing piece, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing piece and process parameters T of the rubber sealing piece;
step four: the initial value X of the compression set of the rubber sealing piece caused by fluctuation of materials, structures and process parameters is obtained through statistics by utilizing quality consistency information of the production process of the rubber sealing piece Co Distribution mean mu of (2) X And standard deviation sigma X Based on Monte Carlo random process theory, according to X Co Fluctuation range mu of (2) X ±6σ X Randomly generating initial values X of N groups of batch slotted contact virtual samples conforming to normal distribution at t=0 moment by utilizing independent and same-distributed central limit theorem o1 =[X Co1 ]、X o2 =[X Co2 ]、...、X oN =[X CoN ];
Step five: initial value X of virtual sample of batch rubber sealing piece constructed in step four at time t=0 o1 =[X Co1 ]、X o2 =[X Co2 ]、...、X oN =[X CoN ]Substituting the failure physical model X of the compression set of the rubber sealing piece established in the step three C =P(E,F,M,C,T,X Co In t), a batch of rubber seals compression set X is obtained C A rule of degradation with time T under the combination of different environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing piece, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing piece and process parameters T of the rubber sealing piece; compression set X of the rubber sealing parts C Substituting the rule of degradation along with time t into the digital prototype model Y=F (X) of the electric connector established in the first step to obtain the output characteristic Y= [ Y ] of the batch electric connector S ]Law of degradation with time T under different combinations of environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, material M of the rubber seal, structural parameters C of the rubber seal, process parameters T of the rubber seal, and T i The output characteristic of the virtual sample of the batch electric connector at the moment is Y 1 (t i )=[Y S1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y SN (t i )];
Step six: determining output characteristic Y= [ Y ] according to a rubber sealing element compression set failure threshold value determined when the electrical connector fails in sealing performance S ]Allowable stress σ= [ σ ] S ]Utilizing the batch of virtual samples of the electric connector obtained in the step five to be at t i Output characteristic Y of time 1 (t i )=[Y S1 (t i )],…,Y N (t i )=[Y SN (t i )]And determining the number of seal failures in the sample according to the stress-intensity interference theory, so as to calculate the seal reliability at the current moment.
2. The method for predicting seal reliability of an electrical connector in consideration of a rubber aging mechanism according to claim 1, wherein in said step two, the input factors considered in the accelerated aging test study of the rubber seal member include: environmental condition E, stress condition F, material M of the rubber seal, structural parameter C of the rubber seal, and process parameter T of the rubber seal, and output factors considered by experimental study include: compression set X of rubber seal C
3. The method for predicting the sealing reliability of an electrical connector in consideration of the rubber aging mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the method for establishing the failure physical model of the compression set of the rubber seal is as follows:
step three: determination of physical model form of compression set failure of rubber seal
According to the arrhenius equation, the compression set rate K (T) versus temperature T is shown as follows:
wherein K (T) represents the rate of compression set, A represents an exponential factor, E a Represents activation energy, R represents molar gas constant, and T represents thermodynamic temperature;
compression set X C The relationship of (t) to time t is shown in the following equation:
step three, two: undetermined coefficients in a physical model of rubber seal compression set failure
If the environmental condition E, the stress condition F and the rubber sealing element are knownMaterial M, structural parameter C of rubber sealing element, technological parameter T of rubber sealing element, and initial value X of compression set of rubber sealing element Co To a known amount, the unknown amount in the physical model of the compression set failure of the rubber seal is the undetermined coefficient A and the activation energy E a
And step three: determining undetermined coefficients in a model based on accelerated aging test of rubber seals
Under known environmental conditions E, stress conditions F, materials M of the rubber sealing member, structural parameters C of the rubber sealing member, process parameters T of the rubber sealing member and initial compression set value X of the rubber sealing member Co Under the condition of (1) carrying out accelerated ageing test of rubber sealing parts and measuring at least two time points t 1 And t 2 Compression set X below C1 And X C2 The A.e under the test conditions was calculated from the following formula -Ea/RT
4. The method for predicting seal reliability of an electrical connector in consideration of a rubber aging mechanism according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the quality consistency information includes data related to the process capability of the rubber seal during the processing, assembling and debugging of the parts on the whole production line.
5. The method for predicting seal reliability of an electrical connector in consideration of a rubber aging mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein in said step six, it is determined that the virtual sample of the electrical connector with the number of l is at t i The method for sealing failure at the moment comprises the following steps:
Y k (t i )=[Y Sk (t i )]<[σ S ]k=1,···,N。
6. the electrical connector seal reliability considering rubber aging mechanism of claim 1The prediction method is characterized in that in the step six, H is defined f =[H S ]At t i Time-of-day seal failure sample set, N (H f ) For set H f =[H S ]The number of samples in (1), the electrical connector is at t i Sealing reliability R at time f (t i ) The method comprises the following steps:
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CN112685912A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-20 河南科技大学 Multivariate generalized Wiener process performance degradation reliability analysis method
CN115016069A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-09-06 中航光电科技股份有限公司 Ceramic insert type low-loss optical fiber air-tight sealing connector and sealing contact part thereof

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