CN116225146A - High-precision MPPT control method - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision MPPT control method, which comprises the steps of recording N pieces of power data within a period of time T under A, B, C three reference voltages, transversely comparing M pieces of data stabilized under each reference voltage, and considering that the reference voltage is required to be continuously increased for tracking if not less than M/2 pieces of data in the M pieces of data are larger under the condition that the reference voltage is larger; if the reference voltage is smaller, the corresponding M data with the power is smaller than the M/2 data, and the reference voltage is considered to be required to be reduced for tracking; if the above condition is not satisfied, it is considered that the vicinity of the maximum power point has been reached. The MPPT can be realized at a higher speed, the problem that the maximum power point cannot be accurately tracked by low power or high PV voltage is solved, and the stability and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a high-precision MPPT control method.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation technology is widely and intensively studied due to the strong development of new energy sources. Photovoltaic array output characteristics have non-linear characteristics and are also affected by solar illumination intensity, ambient temperature, and load conditions. Under certain sunlight intensity and environmental temperature, the output power of the photovoltaic array can reach the maximum value only when a certain output voltage is applied. Therefore, in order to maximally utilize the energy of the photovoltaic cell, a maximum power tracking (MPPT, maximumPower) technique is required so that the photovoltaic power generation system can track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell in real time.
The current common maximum power point tracking method mainly comprises the following steps: constant pressure, disturbance observation, conductivity increment, fuzzy control, artificial neural network, etc. and improved methods based on these techniques. The disturbance observation method is the most commonly used MPPT control method, is often combined with a constant voltage method, starts to disturb the PV voltage value from an initial value close to the maximum power point voltage, measures the power change of the PV voltage value, compares the PV voltage value with the power value before disturbance, if the power value is increased, indicates that the disturbance direction is correct, continues to disturb in the same direction, if the power value is reduced, the MPPT control method is disturbed in the opposite direction, and calculates the comprehensive power comparison of three points by adopting a three-point method.
In the existing MPPT algorithm based on the disturbance observation method, under the condition of low power, the power difference in a certain voltage range close to MPP is very small, and the size can not be compared almost; under the condition that the voltage of the maximum power point is high, larger power fluctuation can be caused by smaller sampling deviation, and the maximum power point tracking is inaccurate, so that the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is affected. Because the maximum power point voltage (Vmpp) is typically 85% of the open circuit voltage (Voc), the existing disturbance observation method is often combined with the constant voltage control method, setting the initial disturbance point to be 0.85 times the PV input voltage to increase the tracking speed. When the open-circuit voltage is greater than the bus voltage, the PV input voltage is not the open-circuit voltage, but is clamped to the bus voltage, and after 0.85 times of treatment, the PV input voltage is much smaller than Vmpp, so that the tracking speed is difficult to increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision MPPT control method for overcoming the defects existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-precision MPPT control method comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing parameters of an MPPT controller, wherein the parameters comprise an MPPT reference voltage value Vref, an initial disturbance value V0, upper and lower limit values of the MPPT reference voltage value Vref and a scanning step length DeltaV;
s2, starting an MPPT controller, enabling an MPPT reference voltage value Vref to be reduced every T time according to a set step length DeltaV, gradually reaching an initial disturbance value V0, and then adopting a three-point method to perform left and right scanning;
s3, taking A, B, C three points at intervals according to the step length DeltaV, wherein the reference voltage Vrefa=Vref-DeltaV at the point A, the reference voltage VrefB=Vref at the point B and the reference voltage VrefC=Vref+DeltaV at the point C, scanning once every T time, and scanning according to the sequence of B, C, A;
s4, recording Vref=VrefB at the point B, recording current power at intervals of T/N, storing the current power into an array PB [ ], recording N in the T time, wherein the current power is PB [0] -PB [ N-1], and N is a positive integer;
s5, recording Vref=VrefC at the point C, recording current power once every T/N, storing the current power into an array PC [ ], and recording N in the T time, wherein the current power is PC [0] -PC [ N-1];
s6, recording Vref=Vrefa when the point A is reached, recording current power once every T/N, storing the current power into an array PA [ ], and recording N in the T time, wherein the current power is PA [0] -PA [ N-1];
s7, comparing the C point power array with the last M data PC [ M ] -PC [ N-1] and PB [ M ] -PB [ N-1] of the B point power array one by one, if at least half of the data are PC > PB, considering that the power from the B point to the C point is increased, otherwise, considering that the power from the B point to the C point is reduced, and M is a positive integer smaller than N;
s8, comparing the B point power array with the last M data PB [ M ] -PB [ N-1] of the A point power array one by one, if at least half of the data PB > PA, the power from the A point to the B point is considered to be increased, otherwise, the power from the A point to the B point is considered to be reduced;
s9, if the power increase from the point B to the point C is met at the same time, and the power increase from the point A to the point B is considered to be the right side of the current scanning point, the MPPT reference voltage is updated to Vref=VrefC; if the power reduction from the point B to the point C is simultaneously satisfied, considering that the maximum power point is at the left side of the current scanning point when the power reduction from the point A to the point B is performed, and updating the MPPT reference voltage to Vref=Vrefa; if the voltage is not satisfied, the maximum power point tracking is realized, the MPPT reference voltage is unchanged, and Vref=VrefB;
and S9, if the scanning is continuously performed for three times or more leftwards or rightwards, updating the step length delta V, and repeating the steps S3-S10 to obtain the real-time maximum power point.
Further, the step S1 further includes obtaining a current PV voltage sampling value Vpv, setting an MPPT reference voltage value vref=vpv, where the initial disturbance value V0 is specifically: and judging the magnitudes of the PV voltage sampling value Vpv and the bus voltage Vbus, if the PV voltage sampling value Vpv is smaller than the bus voltage Vbus, the initial disturbance value V0=0.85×Vref, otherwise, the initial disturbance value V0=0.95×Vref.
Further, the scanning step Δv=2v in step S1, and the updating step Δv=4v in step S9.
Further, the power in steps S4-S6 is the product of the voltage and the current, the voltage is the result V that the average value of the PV voltage is not filtered in a period of time avg The current is the value I of the effective value of the inductance current after being filtered in a period of time rmsFilt 。
Further, N is 20, and M is 10.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the high-precision MPPT control method provided by the invention, a group of PV power data under MPPT reference voltage is recorded, a three-point method is adopted to select a plurality of stable power values for transverse comparison, the scanning direction is judged, the power values in the same group are subjected to a certain filtering means, so that the power phase difference in the same group is small, the power phase difference among different reference voltage groups is obvious, the influence caused by dynamic response and sampling errors of a system can be reduced by the plurality of data, the power generation efficiency under low power or high PV voltage is improved, the setting of initial disturbance points is optimized, and the tracking speed is improved. The MPPT can be realized at a higher speed, the problem that the maximum power point cannot be accurately tracked by low power or high PV voltage is solved, and the stability and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system are effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a P-V plot of a photovoltaic cell.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a photovoltaic cell connected to a busbar by a BOOST circuit.
Fig. 3 is a graph of PV input voltage followed by reference voltage.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-point method in which A, B, C is sequentially taken from left to right near the peak of the P-V characteristic of the solar cell.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for initializing the controller according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a high-precision MPPT control method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a comparative mode diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and defining the scope of the present invention.
The P-V curve of the photovoltaic cell is shown in fig. 1 as a peak, and the output power reaches a maximum value at a certain operating voltage. According to the traditional disturbance observation method, the current output power of the battery is obtained through detecting the voltage Vpv and the current IL of the photovoltaic battery, and is compared with the power recorded at the previous moment, so that the adjustment direction of a given reference voltage is determined, and if the power at the current moment is larger than the power at the previous moment, the adjustment direction of the reference voltage is correct; if the power at the current moment is smaller than the power at the previous moment, the reference voltage adjustment direction is wrong, and the adjustment direction needs to be changed. The photovoltaic cells are generally connected to a BUS (BUS) through a BOOST circuit as shown in fig. 2, and the disturbance observation method is used for perturbing a given reference voltage Vref of a voltage outer ring according to a specific step size, and adjusting the duty ratio of the BOOST circuit to enable the PV input voltage to follow the reference voltage as shown in fig. 3, so that the power under the given reference voltage is obtained for performing the comparison before and after the perturbation.
In the conventional three-point method, A, B, C three points are taken from left to right in the vicinity of the peak of the P-V characteristic curve of the solar cell in sequence as shown in fig. 4, wherein VA, VB and VC respectively represent voltages of A, B, C three points, and PA, PB and PC represent powers corresponding to A, B, C three points. If PA is less than PB and PB is less than or equal to PC, increasing the reference voltage; if PA < PB and PB > PC, the reference voltage is unchanged; if PA is more than or equal to PB and PB is more than PC, the reference voltage is reduced.
The embodiment improves on the traditional method to realize a high-precision MPPT control method, and comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, initializing parameters of the MPPT controller before the MPPT controller is started, as shown in fig. 5, including setting an MPPT reference voltage value Vref (501), an initial disturbance value V0 (502), an up-down clipping value of the MPPT reference voltage value Vref (503), and a scan step Δv (504).
The method comprises the steps of obtaining a current PV voltage sampling value Vpv, setting an MPPT reference voltage value Vref=Vpv, and specifically, the initial disturbance value V0 is as follows: and judging the magnitudes of the PV voltage sampling value Vpv and the bus voltage Vbus, wherein if the PV voltage sampling value Vpv is smaller than the bus voltage Vbus, the initial disturbance value V0=0.85×Vref, otherwise, the initial disturbance value V0=0.95×Vref, so that the tracking speed can be increased when the PV voltage is clamped to the bus voltage.
In this embodiment, the MPPT reference voltage Vref is limited to 150-850V, and the scanning step Δv=2v.
Step S2, starting the MPPT controller, reducing the MPPT reference voltage Vref every T time (t=500 ms in this example) according to the set step Δv, gradually reaching the initial disturbance value V0 (601), and then performing the left-right scanning by using the three-point method.
Step S3, taking A, B, C three points at intervals according to the step Δv, wherein the reference voltage vrefa=vref- Δv at the point a (606), the reference voltage vrefb=vref at the point B (602), the reference voltage vrefc=vref+Δv at the point C (604), scanning once every T time, and scanning according to the sequence of B, C, A.
And S4, recording Vref=VrefB at the point B, recording the current power into the array PB [ ] once every T/20, and recording 20 in the T time, wherein the current power is PB [0] to PB [19] (603).
And S5, recording Vref=VrefC at the point C, recording the current power into an array PC [ ] every T/20, and recording 20 power in the T time to obtain PC [0] to PC [19] (605).
And S6, recording Vref=Vrefa at the point A, recording the current power into an array PA [ ] every T/20, and recording 20 power in the T time, wherein the current power is PA [0] to PA [19] (607).
And S7, comparing the last 10 data PC [10] to PC [19] of the C point power array with the last 10 data PC [10] to PB [19] of the B point power array one by one, if not less than half of the data are PC > PB, the power from the B point to the C point is considered to be increased, and otherwise, the power from the B point to the C point is considered to be reduced (608).
And S8, comparing the last 10 data PB [10] to PB [19] of the B point power array with the data PB [10] to PA [19] of the A point power array one by one, if at least half of the data PB > PA is present, the power from the A point to the B point is considered to be increased, otherwise, the power from the A point to the B point is considered to be reduced (608), and the comparison mode is shown in FIG. 7.
Step S9, if the power increase from the point B to the point C is met at the same time, and the power increase from the point A to the point B is considered to be the right side of the current scanning point, the MPPT reference voltage is updated to Vref=VrefC (609); if the power reduction from the point B to the point C is simultaneously satisfied, considering that the maximum power point is at the left side of the current scanning point when the power reduction from the point A to the point B is satisfied, and updating the MPPT reference voltage to Vref=Vrefa (610); if none of them is satisfied, it is considered that the maximum power point is near the current scanning point, and the maximum power point tracking is already performed, and the MPPT reference voltage is not changed, and vref=vrefb (611).
And S9, if the scanning is continuously performed three times or more leftwards and rightwards, updating the step length delta V=4V (612), and repeating the steps S3-S10 to obtain the real-time maximum power point.
In this embodiment, in order to achieve the purposes that the power phase difference in the same group is small and the power phase difference between different reference voltage groups is obvious, the power is the product of voltage and current, and the voltage is the result V that the average value of the PV voltage in a period of time is not filtered avg The power value difference among the PA, PB and PC groups is not obvious because of too much filtering is prevented; the current is the value I of the effective value of the inductance current after being filtered in a period of time rmsFilt Preventing the power level from being affected by larger power deviation in the group due to current sampling error, i.e. p=v avg *I rmsFilt 。
The invention improves the traditional method of comparing the power or the power filtering value at a certain moment to judge the scanning direction into a comparison mode as shown in fig. 7: 20 power data were recorded for a period of time T at A, B, C three reference voltages, and 10 data were taken out of each for lateral comparison. If the reference voltage is larger, the corresponding power is that no less than 5 data in the 10 data are larger, and the reference voltage is considered to be required to be continuously increased for tracking; if the reference voltage is smaller, the corresponding power is that no less than 5 data in the 10 data are smaller, and the reference voltage is considered to be required to be reduced for tracking; if the above condition is not satisfied, it is considered that the vicinity of the maximum power point has been reached.
The improved MPPT control method provided by the invention can realize MPPT at a higher speed, solves the problem that the maximum power point cannot be accurately tracked by low power or high PV voltage, and effectively improves the stability and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the patentees may make various modifications or alterations within the scope of the appended claims, and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as described in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The high-precision MPPT control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, initializing parameters of an MPPT controller, wherein the parameters comprise an MPPT reference voltage value Vref, an initial disturbance value V0, upper and lower limit values of the MPPT reference voltage value Vref and a scanning step length DeltaV;
s2, starting an MPPT controller, enabling an MPPT reference voltage value Vref to be reduced every T time according to a set step length DeltaV, gradually reaching an initial disturbance value V0, and then adopting a three-point method to perform left and right scanning;
s3, taking A, B, C three points at intervals according to the step length DeltaV, wherein the reference voltage Vrefa=Vref-DeltaV at the point A, the reference voltage VrefB=Vref at the point B and the reference voltage VrefC=Vref+DeltaV at the point C, scanning once every T time, and scanning according to the sequence of B, C, A;
s4, recording Vref=VrefB at the point B, recording current power at intervals of T/N, storing the current power into an array PB [ ], recording N in the T time, wherein the current power is PB [0] -PB [ N-1], and N is a positive integer;
s5, recording Vref=VrefC at the point C, recording current power once every T/N, storing the current power into an array PC [ ], and recording N in the T time, wherein the current power is PC [0] -PC [ N-1];
s6, recording Vref=Vrefa when the point A is reached, recording current power once every T/N, storing the current power into an array PA [ ], and recording N in the T time, wherein the current power is PA [0] -PA [ N-1];
s7, comparing the C point power array with the last M data PC [ M ] -PC [ N-1] and PB [ M ] -PB [ N-1] of the B point power array one by one, if at least half of the data are PC > PB, considering that the power from the B point to the C point is increased, otherwise, considering that the power from the B point to the C point is reduced, and M is a positive integer smaller than N;
s8, comparing the B point power array with the last M data PB [ M ] -PB [ N-1] of the A point power array one by one, if at least half of the data PB > PA, the power from the A point to the B point is considered to be increased, otherwise, the power from the A point to the B point is considered to be reduced;
s9, if the power increase from the point B to the point C is met at the same time, and the power increase from the point A to the point B is considered to be the right side of the current scanning point, the MPPT reference voltage is updated to Vref=VrefC; if the power reduction from the point B to the point C is simultaneously satisfied, considering that the maximum power point is at the left side of the current scanning point when the power reduction from the point A to the point B is performed, and updating the MPPT reference voltage to Vref=Vrefa; if the voltage is not satisfied, the maximum power point tracking is realized, the MPPT reference voltage is unchanged, and Vref=VrefB;
and S9, if the scanning is continuously performed for three times or more leftwards or rightwards, updating the step length delta V, and repeating the steps S3-S10 to obtain the real-time maximum power point.
2. The high-precision MPPT control method of claim 1, wherein the step S1 further includes obtaining a current PV voltage sampling value Vpv, setting an MPPT reference voltage value vref=vpv, and the initial disturbance value V0 is specifically: and judging the magnitudes of the PV voltage sampling value Vpv and the bus voltage Vbus, if the PV voltage sampling value Vpv is smaller than the bus voltage Vbus, the initial disturbance value V0=0.85×Vref, otherwise, the initial disturbance value V0=0.95×Vref.
3. The high-precision MPPT control method of claim 1, wherein the scanning step Δv=2v in step S1 and the updating step Δv=4v in step S9.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power in steps S4-S6 is a product of voltage and current, the voltage is a result V of a PV voltage average value over a period of time without filtering avg The current is the value I of the effective value of the inductance current after being filtered in a period of time rmsFilt 。
5. The high precision MPPT control method of claim 1, wherein N is 20 and M is 10.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116520934A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 深圳正泰电源系统有限公司 | Mppt control method based on statistics |
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