CN116220719A - Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method - Google Patents

Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116220719A
CN116220719A CN202310308808.5A CN202310308808A CN116220719A CN 116220719 A CN116220719 A CN 116220719A CN 202310308808 A CN202310308808 A CN 202310308808A CN 116220719 A CN116220719 A CN 116220719A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic
cutter head
boring machine
cutterhead
tunnel boring
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Pending
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CN202310308808.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周航
徐正宣
张广泽
廖昕
杜宇本
宋章
沈维
张旭彬
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China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co Ltd CREEC
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China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co Ltd CREEC
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Priority to CN202310308808.5A priority Critical patent/CN116220719A/en
Publication of CN116220719A publication Critical patent/CN116220719A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a rock breaking cutter head, a tunnel boring machine and a tunnel boring method. According to the rock breaking cutter head, the through holes can enable the electromagnetic cannon pellets to pass, and the electromagnetic cannon pellets impact and damage rock bodies after passing, so that the tunneling efficiency of a tunnel boring machine is improved, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, and the cost is saved.

Description

Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a rock breaking cutter head, a tunnel boring machine and a tunnel boring method.
Background
Along with the implementation of highways, railways and hydraulic engineering in western regions of China, a great number of deep-buried long and large hard rock tunnel (group) projects are inoculated in the western difficult and complicated mountain areas. The method is used for solving the problems of low construction speed, high labor intensity, low safety guarantee and the like of the traditional mine blasting method in the face of the engineering of deep-buried long and large hard rock tunnels in difficult and complex mountain areas.
In order to solve the above long tunnel construction problem, the importance of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine ) tunneling method construction in tunnel construction is increasingly developed, the application is wider and wider, and the single-head continuous tunneling length of the TBM has broken through 20km. However, in high-hardness rock tunnels such as granite, amphibole and the like, the cutterhead is extremely easy to wear, and the cutterhead needs to be replaced frequently, so that the efficiency of the tunnel boring machine is low, and the economic cost and the time cost are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems that TBM cutterhead is easy to wear and the cutterhead needs to be replaced frequently in the prior art, so that the efficiency of a tunnel boring machine is low, and the economic cost and the time cost are greatly increased, the rock breaking cutterhead, the tunnel boring machine and the tunnel boring method are provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a rock breaking cutter head, which comprises a cutter head body, wherein a through hole is formed in the rotation center of the cutter head body, and the through hole is used for passing through an electromagnetic gun pellet.
According to the rock breaking cutter head, the through holes can enable the electromagnetic cannon pellets to pass through, and the electromagnetic cannon pellets impact and damage rock bodies after passing through, so that the tunneling efficiency of a tunnel boring machine is improved, and meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, and the cost is saved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a plurality of hob are arranged on the cutterhead body along the radial direction, the hob are connected with a rotating shaft of the cutterhead body, and the through holes penetrate through the rotating shaft.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the cutter head body is divided into a plurality of layers along the radial direction of the cutter head body, and each layer of the cutter head body is provided with a plurality of scrapers.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the scraper is in a plowshare shape, and the tilting end of the scraper is connected with the cutterhead body through at least one rotary supporting column.
By adopting the structure, the hob is fixed on the rotating shaft, the scraper is fixed on the rotating support column, the destructive power of the hob and the scraper to rock mass of the surrounding rock face of the tunnel in front can be ensured, the tunneling speed and efficiency of the tunneling machine are improved, and the service lives of the hob and the scraper are prolonged.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a tunneling machine, including a tunneling machine body, wherein the front end of the tunneling machine body is detachably connected with the rock breaking cutterhead according to any one of the above, and an electromagnetic emission system is disposed in the tunneling machine body, and the electromagnetic emission system can emit the electromagnetic shell pellets to pass through the through hole.
The technical principle of the electromagnetic emission system is that ampere force generated by an electromagnetic field is utilized to accelerate the electromagnetic gun projectile so as to achieve kinetic energy required by impacting a target.
By adopting the tunnel boring machine, the electromagnetic emission technology and the tunnel boring cutter head are combined, the electromagnetic emission system is used for emitting the electromagnetic gun pellets to impact and destroy rock bodies after passing through the through holes, so that the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine is improved, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, the cost is saved, and compared with the traditional gunpowder blasting, the tunnel boring machine is excavated by a drilling and blasting method, the electromagnetic gun pellets do not generate flame and smoke or shock waves during emission, and the tunnel boring machine is safer and more convenient.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the electromagnetic emission system comprises a guide rail gun barrel, electromagnetic control equipment, power supply control equipment and power supply equipment, wherein the guide rail gun barrel is electrically connected with the electromagnetic control equipment, the electromagnetic control equipment is electrically connected with the power supply control equipment, the power supply control equipment is electrically connected with the power supply equipment, the inner diameter of the guide rail gun barrel is consistent with the inner diameter of the through hole, and the guide rail gun barrel is in butt joint with the through hole.
By adopting the structure, the transmitting power of the electromagnetic transmitting system can be adjusted through the electromagnetic control equipment and the power supply control equipment, so that the electromagnetic gun shots have different transmitting energies so as to adapt to different geological conditions of surrounding rock face.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the electromagnetic emission system further comprises a valve and a shot conveying device, wherein the shot conveying device is connected with the guide rail gun barrel through the valve and is used for storing and conveying the electromagnetic gun shots, and the valve and the shot conveying device are respectively and electrically connected with the electromagnetic control device.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the guide rail gun barrel is sleeved with a cooling system, and the cooling system is used for cooling the guide rail gun barrel.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, a gun barrel fixing bracket is arranged in the heading machine body, and the gun barrel fixing bracket is connected with the guide rail gun barrel.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heading machine body comprises a slag track and slag holes, wherein a plurality of slag holes are formed in the bottom of the cutterhead body, and the slag holes are correspondingly connected with the slag track.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a tunneling method using a tunneling machine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, the heading machine body moves to a face, and the electromagnetic gun pellets are launched by the electromagnetic launching system to strike surrounding rock;
s2, tunneling the tunnel face by the cutter head body.
By adopting the tunneling method, an electromagnetic emission technology and a tunneling cutter head are combined, the electromagnetic emission system is used for emitting the electromagnetic gun pellets to impact and destroy rock bodies after passing through the through holes, the tunneling efficiency of the tunneling machine is improved, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, the cost is saved, and compared with the traditional gunpowder blasting for drilling and blasting, the tunneling method is used for excavating, the electromagnetic gun pellets do not generate flame and smoke during emission, do not generate shock waves, and are safer and more convenient.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the rock breaking cutterhead, the tunnel boring machine and the tunnel boring method, an electromagnetic emission technology is combined with the tunnel boring cutterhead, the electromagnetic emission system is utilized to emit the electromagnetic gun pellets, the electromagnetic gun pellets pass through the through holes and impact and destroy rock, the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine is improved, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutterhead can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, the cost is saved, compared with the traditional gunpowder blasting method for drilling and blasting, flames and smoke are not generated during emission, shock waves are not generated, and the electromagnetic gun pellets are safer and more convenient to use;
2. according to the preferred rock breaking cutter head, the hob is fixed on the rotating shaft, the scraper is fixed on the rotating support column, so that the destructive power of the hob and the scraper on rock mass of the surrounding rock face of the tunnel in front can be ensured, the tunneling speed and efficiency of a tunneling machine are improved, and the service lives of the hob and the scraper are prolonged;
3. according to the tunnel boring machine, the emission power of the electromagnetic emission system can be adjusted through the electromagnetic control equipment and the power supply control equipment, so that the electromagnetic gun shots have different emission energies so as to adapt to different geological conditions of surrounding rock face.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tunnel boring machine;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a rock breaking cutter;
fig. 3 is a side view of a mating structure of the cutterhead body and the doctor blade.
The marks in the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-advanced stress release holes, 3-cutterhead bodies, 31-hob cutters, 32-through holes, 33-scraper cutters, 34-rotary support columns, 4-electromagnetic emission systems, 41-electromagnetic gun shots, 42-guide rail gun barrels, 43-cooling systems, 44-valves, 45-electromagnetic control equipment, 46-power supply control equipment, 47-wires, 48-power supply equipment, 49-shot conveying equipment, 5-development machine bodies, 51-slag tapping tracks, 52-slag tapping holes and 6-gun barrel fixing supports.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the rock breaking cutter head of the present invention includes a cutter head body 3, the cutter head body 3 includes a rotating shaft, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of hob 31 are radially disposed on the cutter head body 3, the hob 31 is connected to the rotating shaft, and is divided into a plurality of layers along the radial direction of the cutter head body 3, each layer of the cutter head body 3 is provided with a plurality of scrapers 33, as shown in fig. 3, the scrapers 33 are in a plowshare shape, and one tilting end of the scrapers 33 is connected to the cutter head body 3 through at least one rotary support column 34.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a through hole 32 is formed in the rotating shaft in a penetrating manner, and the through hole 32 is used for passing through an electromagnetic gun pellet 41.
According to the rock breaking cutter head disclosed by the embodiment, the through holes 32 can enable the electromagnetic gun pellets 41 to pass, and the electromagnetic gun pellets 41 impact and damage rock mass after passing, so that the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine is improved, and meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, and the cost is saved; the hob 31 is fixed on the rotating shaft, the scraper 33 is fixed on the rotating support column 34, the damage force of the hob 31 and the scraper 33 to rock mass of the face of the surrounding rock 1 of the tunnel in front can be ensured, the tunneling speed and efficiency of the tunneling machine are improved, and the service lives of the hob 31 and the scraper 33 are prolonged.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a tunnel boring machine according to the present invention includes a boring machine body 5, and a rock breaking cutterhead according to embodiment 1 is detachably connected to a front end of the boring machine body 5.
As shown in fig. 1, an electromagnetic emission system 4 and a gun barrel fixing bracket 6 are arranged in the heading machine body 5, the electromagnetic emission system 4 comprises a guide rail gun barrel 42, a cooling system 43, a valve 44, an electromagnetic control device 45, a power supply control device 46, a power supply device 48 and a projectile conveying device 49, the power supply device 48 is respectively and electrically connected with the valve 44, the electromagnetic control device 45, the power supply control device 46 and the projectile conveying device 49 through wires 47, the guide rail gun barrel 42 is electrically connected with the electromagnetic control device 45, and the electromagnetic control device 45 is respectively and electrically connected with the power supply control device 46, the valve 44 and the projectile conveying device 49.
The projectile conveying device 49 is connected with the guide rail gun barrel 42 through the valve 44, the inner diameter of the guide rail gun barrel 42 is consistent with the inner diameter of the through hole 32, the guide rail gun barrel 42 is in butt joint with the through hole 32, the gun barrel fixing support 6 is connected with and supports the guide rail gun barrel 42, and the cooling system 43 is sleeved outside the guide rail gun barrel 42.
The power supply device 48 is used for supplying power to each device, the power supply control device 46 is used for adjusting the electric power, the electromagnetic control device 45 is used for matching electromagnetic emission energy according to the electric power, the shot conveying device 49 is used for storing and conveying the electromagnetic gun shots 41, the valve 44 is used for controlling the electromagnetic gun shots 41 to be filled from the shot conveying device 49 to the guide rail gun barrel 42, the guide rail gun barrel 42 is used for driving and emitting the electromagnetic gun shots 41, and the cooling system 43 is used for cooling the guide rail gun barrel 42.
The technical principle of the electromagnetic emission system 4 is that the electromagnetic gun pellets 41 are accelerated by using ampere force generated by an electromagnetic field to achieve kinetic energy required by impacting a target, and the electromagnetic emission system 4 can emit the electromagnetic gun pellets 41 to pass through the through holes 32.
In a specific embodiment, the cooling system 43 may cool the rail barrel 42 using liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, or water cooling.
In a specific embodiment, the heading machine body 5 includes a slag discharging track 51 and a slag discharging hole 52, a plurality of slag discharging holes 52 are formed in the bottom of the cutterhead body 3, the slag discharging holes 52 are correspondingly connected with the slag discharging track 51, and broken rock mass slag in the heading machine body 3 enters the slag discharging track 51 through the slag discharging holes 52 and is discharged along with the slag discharging track 51.
According to the tunneling machine, an electromagnetic emission technology is combined with a tunneling cutter head, the electromagnetic gun pellets 41 are emitted by the electromagnetic emission system 4 to impact and destroy rock bodies after passing through the through holes 32, so that the tunneling efficiency of the tunneling machine is improved, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, the construction period is shortened, the cost is saved, compared with the traditional gunpowder blasting, the tunneling machine is excavated by a drilling and blasting method, flames and smoke are not generated during emission of the electromagnetic gun pellets 41, shock waves are not generated, and the tunneling machine is safer and more convenient; the emission power of the electromagnetic emission system 4 can be adjusted through the electromagnetic control device 45 and the power supply control device 46, so that the electromagnetic gun shots 41 have different emission energies to adapt to different geological conditions of the face of the surrounding rock 1.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a tunneling method according to the present invention using a tunneling machine according to embodiment 2 includes the steps of:
step one, a tunnel boring machine moves to the face of the surrounding rock 1, whether the tunneling machine body 5 and the cutterhead body 3 normally run or not is checked, a drilling machine is adopted to drill an advanced stress release hole 2 in the face, and the position of the advanced stress release hole 2 corresponds to the position of the through hole 32 in the cutterhead body 3.
Step two, starting the electromagnetic emission system 4, opening the shot conveying device 49 through the valve 44, filling the guide rail gun barrel 42 with the electromagnetic shot 41, controlling the guide rail gun barrel 42 to work by the electromagnetic control device 45, converting electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy of the electromagnetic shot 41 by the guide rail gun barrel 42, enabling the electromagnetic shot 41 to move along the guide rail gun barrel 42 at a high speed, and injecting the electromagnetic shot 41 into the advanced stress release hole 2 from the through hole 32 to strike the surrounding rock 1.
And thirdly, starting the tunnel boring machine after the electromagnetic gun shot 41 impacts the surrounding rock 1 once, and excavating broken rock along the front working face of the tunnel by the cutter head body 3, wherein the excavated rock is discharged through the slag outlet 52 and the slag discharging crawler 51 at the bottom of the cutter head body 3.
And step four, injecting liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide or cooling water into the cooling system 43 in time to cool the guide rail gun tube 42 while in step three.
Step five, stopping the operation of the tunnel boring machine when the tunnel boring machine is forwards propelled to a more complete rock position of the tail end of the damaged rock body impacted by the electromagnetic gun shot 41;
and step six, repeating the step two to the step five until the hard rock engineering area is ended or the artificial termination is achieved.
According to the tunneling method, an electromagnetic emission technology and a tunneling cutter head are combined, the electromagnetic emission system 4 is utilized to emit the electromagnetic gun pellets 41 to impact and destroy rock bodies after passing through the through holes 32, tunneling efficiency of a tunneling machine is improved, abrasion of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, construction period is shortened, cost is saved, the tunneling method is carried out by drilling and blasting compared with traditional gunpowder blasting, flame and smoke are not generated during emission of the electromagnetic gun pellets 41, shock waves are not generated, and the tunneling method is safer and more convenient.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The rock breaking cutter head comprises a cutter head body (3) and is characterized in that a through hole (32) is formed in the rotation center of the cutter head body (3), and the through hole (32) is used for allowing electromagnetic gun shots (41) to pass through.
2. A rock breaking cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of hob (31) are radially arranged on the cutterhead body (3), the hob (31) is connected to a rotating shaft of the cutterhead body (3), and the through hole (32) penetrates through the rotating shaft.
3. A rock breaking cutterhead according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that the cutterhead body (3) is divided into several layers in the radial direction, each layer of cutterhead body (3) being provided with several blades (33).
4. A rock breaking cutterhead according to claim 3, characterized in that the scraper (33) is in the form of a plow head, and the tilting end of the scraper (33) is connected to the cutterhead body (3) by at least one rotary support column (34).
5. Tunnel boring machine, comprising a boring machine body (5), characterized in that the front end of the boring machine body (5) is detachably connected with a rock breaking cutterhead according to any one of claims 1-4, an electromagnetic emission system (4) is arranged in the boring machine body (5), and the electromagnetic emission system (4) can emit electromagnetic gun pellets (41) to pass through the through hole (32).
6. The tunneling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that said electromagnetic emission system (4) comprises a guideway gun barrel (42), an electromagnetic control device (45), a power supply control device (46) and a power supply device (48), said guideway gun barrel (42) being electrically connected to said electromagnetic control device (45), said electromagnetic control device (45) being electrically connected to said power supply control device (46), said power supply control device (46) being electrically connected to said power supply device (48), an inner diameter of said guideway gun barrel (42) being consistent with an inner diameter of said through hole (32), said guideway gun barrel (42) being in butt joint with said through hole (32).
7. Tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the electromagnetic firing system (4) further comprises a valve (44) and a pellet conveying device (49), the pellet conveying device (49) being connected to the guideway gun barrel (42) via the valve (44), the pellet conveying device (49) being used for storing and conveying the electromagnetic gun pellets (41), the valve (44) and the pellet conveying device (49) being electrically connected to the electromagnetic control device (45), respectively.
8. Tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the outside of the guide rail gun barrel (42) is provided with a cooling system (43).
9. Tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that the boring machine body (5) comprises a slag tap track (51) and a slag outlet (52), that a number of slag outlets (52) are provided in the bottom of the cutterhead body (3), and that the slag outlets (52) are correspondingly connected to the slag tap track (51).
10. A tunneling method, characterized by using a tunneling machine according to any of claims 5-9, comprising the steps of:
s1, the heading machine body (5) moves to a tunnel face, and the electromagnetic shot pellets (41) are shot by the electromagnetic shot system (4) to strike surrounding rock (1);
s2, tunneling the tunnel face by the cutter head body (3).
CN202310308808.5A 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method Pending CN116220719A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310308808.5A CN116220719A (en) 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310308808.5A CN116220719A (en) 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116220719A true CN116220719A (en) 2023-06-06

Family

ID=86571389

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310308808.5A Pending CN116220719A (en) 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 Rock breaking cutter head, tunnel boring machine and tunnel boring method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116220719A (en)

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