CN116217212A - 一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，通过在建筑陶瓷基料中加入复合助溶剂，实现了在1080～1100℃的低温烧结，不仅降低了烧成温度，节能效果显著，而且所制得的建筑陶瓷具备较低的吸水率和良好的抗折强度，达到了建筑陶瓷的性能要求，从而实现了陶瓷生产过程中的节能降耗和效率提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑陶瓷生产技术领域，尤其涉及一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法。
背景技术
随着矿物原料的日渐枯竭，世界能源供应日趋紧张，能源危机己初现端倪，能源价格上涨，导致生产成本大幅提高。各行各业都在竭尽全力采取有效措施以节能降耗，陶瓷行业是能耗的大户，在经济能源的消耗中占了很大的比例，国外占到了25％左右，而国内则占到了30％以上，降低陶瓷生产的能耗是陶瓷行业的一项长期的重要任务。因此，降低烧成能耗是降低生产成本、提高经济效益的一个重要环节。
由于陶瓷烧成温度一般在1150～1250℃，能耗较高，不利于可持续发展，且烧成温度越高，在陶瓷烧成过程中热量也会损失较多，故为了节约能量，需要降低坯体的烧成温度，实现低温烧结来解决能耗过大问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，通过在建筑陶瓷基料中加入复合助溶剂，以实现低温烧结，从而节约能源，有效解决能耗过大的问题，以利于建筑陶瓷行业的可持续发展。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明提供的一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，所述建筑陶瓷坯体的原料组成为建筑陶瓷基料和用量为建筑陶瓷基料的5～15wt％的复合助熔剂；所述复合助熔剂由锂瓷石、硼钙石和黑滑石组成，按照质量比锂瓷石∶硼钙石∶黑滑石＝3～5∶3～5∶2～5；制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将所述建筑陶瓷基料、复合助熔剂进行球磨混合，得到泥浆；
(2)将所述泥浆烘干后得到的坯料，研碎后进行压制成型，得到陶瓷生坯；
(3)所述陶瓷生坯进行烧结处理，烧结制度为从室温以5℃/min的升温速率升至1080～1100℃，保温10～30min，之后随炉冷却到室温，即制得建筑陶瓷坯体。
进一步地，本发明所述建筑陶瓷基料的化学组成为SiO265～75％、Al2O315～20％、Fe2O31～1.5％、TiO20.1～0.2％、CaO 0.2～0.5％、MgO 0.5～1.0％、K2O 2.5～4.0％、Na2O1.0～3.0％、烧失量2.0～5.0％。建筑陶瓷基料的原料组成为吉利铝砂1～3wt％、芬达砂9～11wt％、星河砂20～25wt％、雪碧钾砂1～3wt％、友谊钾钠石粉2～5wt％、宜丰水磨料0.5～1.5wt％、正大砂2～5wt％、发记钾钠砂12～16wt％、万卡铝砂1～3wt％、砂糖铝钒土3～5wt％、美力膨润土5～8wt％、特爱镁质土2～6wt％、田心混合泥5～10wt％、回收压排泥3～5wt％、废砖粉5～8wt％、天虹坭1～5wt％、光辉膨润土3～5wt％。
所述建筑陶瓷坯体的吸水率≤0.3％、抗折强度为≥30MPa。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明与常规的烧结方法相比，降低了烧结温度，能够在1080～1100℃就能产生成瓷现象，制得的建筑陶瓷坯体吸水率≤0.3％，能够满足陶瓷材料低吸水率需求，并具备较好的抗折强度(≥30MPa)，从而实现了陶瓷生产过程中的节能降耗和效率提升。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述：
图1是本发明实施例一制得的建筑陶瓷坯体的SEM图片；
图2是本发明实施例二制得的建筑陶瓷坯体的SEM图片；
图3是对比例一制得的建筑陶瓷坯体的SEM图片；
图4是对比例二制得的建筑陶瓷坯体的SEM图片。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
本实施例一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，建筑陶瓷坯体的原料组成为建筑陶瓷基料和用量为建筑陶瓷基料的11wt％的复合助熔剂；其中，复合助熔剂由锂瓷石、硼钙石和黑滑石组成，按照质量比锂瓷石∶硼钙石∶黑滑石＝5∶3∶2；建筑陶瓷基料的化学组成为SiO268.98％、Al2O318.28％、Fe2O31.28％、TiO20.17％、CaO 0.44％、MgO 0.95％、K2O3.39％、Na2O 1.86％、烧失量4.65％；
建筑陶瓷基料的原料组成为吉利铝砂2wt％、芬达砂10.5wt％、星河砂23.5wt％、雪碧钾砂2wt％、友谊钾钠石粉4wt％、宜丰水磨料1wt％、正大砂4wt％、发记钾钠砂15.5wt％、万卡铝砂2wt％、砂糖铝钒土4.5wt％、美力膨润土5.5wt％、特爱镁质土3.5wt％、田心混合泥7wt％、回收压排泥4wt％、废砖粉5.5wt％、天虹坭3wt％、光辉膨润土2.5wt％，来自清远纳福娜陶瓷有限公司；
制备方法其步骤如下：
(1)将上述建筑陶瓷基料、复合助熔剂按照料∶球∶水＝1∶1.2∶1进行球磨混合1h，得到泥浆；
(2)将上述泥浆置于烘箱在110℃烘干10h后得到的坯料，研碎后在20MPa下压制成型，得到陶瓷生坯；
(3)将上述陶瓷生坯放入电炉中进行烧结处理，烧结制度为从室温以5℃/min升温至1080℃，保温10min，之后随炉冷却到室温，即制得建筑陶瓷坯体。
实施例二：
本实施例一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，与实施例一不同之处在于：
复合助熔剂的用量为建筑陶瓷基料的9wt％；复合助熔剂由锂瓷石、硼钙石和细长石组成，按照质量比锂瓷石∶硼钙石∶黑滑石＝4∶5∶3。
步骤(3)的煅烧温度为1100℃。
以本发明中的建筑陶瓷基料为原料(未使用复合助熔剂)，需要达到1150℃以上才能够成瓷，生产过程中所需能耗较高，不利于可持续发展。
以实施例一、实施例二不添加复合助熔剂(其他条件不变)，分别为对比例一、对比例二。
本发明实施例制得的建筑陶瓷坯体，如图1、图2所示，结构致密，坯体断面其表面的孔洞较小(直径为3～5μm)。而对比例制得的建筑陶瓷坯体，如图3、图4所示，坯体断面其表面的孔洞较大(直径为50～80μm)，致密性较差，故吸水率高。这是因为本发明复合助熔剂能够在烧结过程中产生液相，液相通过表面张力作用进一步填充气孔，同时利用“溶解-沉积”机理，通过液相传质作用使溶解的小晶粒逐渐在大晶粒表面沉积，达到促进烧结效果。
本发明实施例与对比例所制得建筑陶瓷坯体的性能如表1所示。
表1本发明实施例与对比例所制得建筑陶瓷坯体的性能指标
表1结果表明，本发明实现了在1080～1100℃的低温烧结，比未加复合助熔剂的对比例相比，不仅降低了烧成温度，节能效果显著，而且所制得的建筑陶瓷具备较低的吸水率(≤0.3％)和较好的抗折强度(≥30MPa)，达到了建筑陶瓷的性能要求，从而实现了陶瓷生产过程中的节能降耗和效率提升。
Claims (4)
1.一种低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述建筑陶瓷坯体的原料组成为建筑陶瓷基料和用量为建筑陶瓷基料的5～15wt％的复合助熔剂；所述复合助熔剂由锂瓷石、硼钙石和黑滑石组成，按照质量比锂瓷石∶硼钙石∶黑滑石＝3～5∶3～5∶2～5；制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将所述建筑陶瓷基料、复合助熔剂进行球磨混合，得到泥浆；
(2)将所述泥浆烘干后得到的坯料，研碎后进行压制成型，得到陶瓷生坯；
(3)所述陶瓷生坯进行烧结处理，烧结制度为从室温以5℃/min的升温速率升至1080～1100℃，保温10～30min，之后随炉冷却到室温，即制得建筑陶瓷坯体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述建筑陶瓷基料的化学组成为SiO265～75％、Al2O315～20％、Fe2O31～1.5％、TiO20.1～0.2％、CaO0.2～0.5％、MgO0.5～1.0％、K2O2.5～4.0％、Na2O1.0～3.0％、烧失量2.0～5.0％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述建筑陶瓷基料的原料组成为吉利铝砂1～3wt％、芬达砂9～11wt％、星河砂20～25wt％、雪碧钾砂1～3wt％、友谊钾钠石粉2～5wt％、宜丰水磨料0.5～1.5wt％、正大砂2～5wt％、发记钾钠砂12～16wt％、万卡铝砂1～3wt％、砂糖铝钒土3～5wt％、美力膨润土5～8wt％、特爱镁质土2～6wt％、田心混合泥5～10wt％、回收压排泥3～5wt％、废砖粉5～8wt％、天虹坭1～5wt％、光辉膨润土3～5wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低温烧结的建筑陶瓷坯体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述建筑陶瓷坯体的吸水率≤0.3％、抗折强度为≥30MPa。
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